CABINET SHOP SAFETY

These handouts and documents with attachments are not final, complete, or definitive instruments. This information is for guidance purposes only. You should independently verify and satisfy yourself as to its accuracy.

The AHBSIF does not assume any liability for damages arising from the use of this information or exhibits and attachments thereto and renders no opinion that any of the terms, conditions, and/or cited federal standards in this

document and the exhibits and attachments should be explicitly followed by the fund member. Seek specific guidance from the appropriate regulator (OSHA) or professional advisor.

Scope

• This guide was created to assist cabinet shop/wood fabrication shop owners on how to eliminate or control common safety exposures.

• This is not a definitive or comprehensive plan for this type of work.

• Please consult necessary safety sources when developing your own site specific plan.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Signage• Material Storage and Handling• Tool/Machine Hazards• Electrical• Paint & Stain Operations• Dust Collection Systems• Hazard Communication• Personal Protective Equipment• Emergency Procedures

Signage

• Walking and Working Surfaces– Permanent Aisles and passageways must be appropriately marked– Routes can be delineated with floor paint or physical barrier

• Exit Routes– Each exit must be clearly visible and marked– “EXIT” must be legible and no less than six inches high and three

quarters of an inch wide– Must have an illumination rating of 5 foot-candles on permanent

power, self luminescent or electroluminescent .06 footlamberts– All doors not an exit must be labeled as such (e.g. closet)

• Visitor Warnings– Must alert all visitors to potential exposures/hazards of facility– Prevent entrance from unauthorized personnel

• Hazardous Material Storage– Location must be fenced and posted to prevent entrance from

unauthorized personnel

Signage• Flammable and Combustible Liquids

– Storage cabinet where flammable and combustible liquids are stored must be conspicuously labeled

• Spray Finishing – “NO SMOKING”– All spraying areas and paint storage rooms

• Personal Protective Equipment– For processes that require specific protective equipment

• Accident Prevention Signs– Color specifications are found in Subpart J 1910.145– “DANGER” (red-black-white)– “CAUTION” (yellow-black)– “WARNING” (no uniform color code)– Listed colors must meet ANSI Z53.1-1967

Signage• Fire Protection

– Location of extinguishers shall be labeled so location is easily identifiable

• Materials Handling– All permanent aisleways where mechanical equipment operates will be

appropriately marked– Sufficient safe clearances maintained with no aisle obstruction– Overhead gantry cranes must display rated load mark on both sides– Each hoisting unit must display rated load– Rated load marks must be visible from floor– During maintenance crane must be labeled “OUT OF ORDER” and floor

space below must also be labeled• Radial Arm Saws

– The direction of saw rotation must be conspicuously marked on the hood

Signage

• Electrical– Breaker panel must display manufacturer’s name, trademark, or

other descriptive identification– Must provide voltage, current, wattage, and other ratings– Labels must withstand the environment– All breaker switches inside the panel must be labeled– Covers for boxes ≥ 600v must be permanently marked “HIGH

VOLTAGE”, must be on the outside of the box and highly visible– Lock out Tag Out, see electrical portion of guide

• Hazard Communication– See Hazard Communication portion of guide

Signage• Mandatory Postings

– “It’s the Law” poster – OSHA poster 3165 (English), 3167 (Spanish).

Signage

• Mandatory Postings– OSHA 300 logs

• 300A, Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses• Must be filed on an annual basis even if there are no

injuries• Summary from the following year must be posted from

February 1st to April 30th of current year• Must be certified by a companies highest officer

– Citations• Employer must post copy of citations at inspection

location for three days or until violations are abated, whichever is longer.

Log 300A

Material Storage & Handling

• General Storage Requirements

• Flammable and Combustible Liquids

• Manual Handling

• General Mechanical Handling

• Fork Trucks

• Waste Material Disposal

General Storage Requirements

• Storage areas must be kept free from materials that may cause tripping, fires, or explosions.

• Storage areas should not block or intrude on facility pathways

• When stacking and piling materials consider – Height– Weight– Accessibility– Condition of the container

General Storage Requirements

• Compressed gas cylinders must be secured and upright. Different gases must be separated by at least 20 ft. or by partition with specific dimension and fire retardant capabilities.

• Observe height limitations for stacked materials.– Ex. Lumber must be stacked no more than 16 ft. high if

it is handled manually, 20 ft. for forklift use

• Used lumber must have all nails removed before stacking.

• Lumber must be stacked and leveled on solidly supported bracing.

General Storage Requirements

• Bags and bundles must be stacked in interlocking rows.

• Drums, barrels, and kegs must be stacked symmetrically. If stored on their sides, the bottom tiers must be blocked.

• Boxed materials must be banded and baled. • Paper or rags stored inside a trailer must not be

closer than 18 inches to walls, partitions, or sprinkler heads.

• Non-compatible materials must be separated in storage.

General Storage Requirements

• Consider availability of the material, safe movement of material handling equipment, and personnel.

• Any employee required to work in stored material vessels shall be equipped with a personal fall arrest system.

• When a difference in work levels exists, some means of smooth transition must be employed, i.e. grading, ramps, blocking.

General Storage Requirements

• If space above office or any other elevated area is used for storage, handrails must be installed per the OSHA’s handrail requirements– Top Rail height: 42” (+ or – 3”)– Mid Rail height: 21” (+ or – 3”)– Must be able to support 200 lbs of outward

and downward force on the top, 150 lbs on the mid rail

– Toe Boards are necessary only if an exposure exists for those below

Flammable Liquid Classification

Flammable Liquid refers to any liquid having a flash point below 100° F

FP - Flash Point BP - Boiling Point

Class IA Class IB Class IC

FP < 73° FP < 73° FP ≥ 73°

BP < 100° BP ≥ 100° BP < 100°

Combustible Liquid Classification

Combustible Liquid refers to any liquid having a flash at or above 100° F

FP - Flash Point

Class II Class IIIA Class IIIB

FP ≥ 100° FP ≥ 140° FP ≥ 200°

FP < 140° FP < 200°

Flammable and Combustible Liquids

• The quantity of flammable or combustible liquid that may kept outside of a storage room or cabinet inside the building shall not exceed:– 25 gallons of Class IA liquids in containers– 120 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, III liquids in

containers– 660 gallons of Class IB, IC, II, III liquids in a

single portable tank

Inside Storage Rooms

• Shall be of fire resistant construction

• Liquid tight were the walls join the floor

• Have approved self closing doors at all openings

• At least 4” sills, ramps, or depressed floors or open integrated trench which drains to safe location

Inside Storage Rooms

• A ventilation system that provides at least six room changes / hour

• For Class I liquids, electrical wiring approved for hazardous locations

• Explosion resistant lighting fixtures

• Wood at least 1 inch nominal thickness for shelving, racks, dunnage, scuffboards, floor overlay, and similar installations

Flammable Storage

• All solvent wastes and flammable liquids must be kept in fire-resistant, covered containers until they are removed from the worksite

• Firm separation should be placed between containers of combustibles or flammables, when stacked one upon another, to assure their support and stability  

• Permanently installed sprinkler system heads must not spray into operating electrical switch boards and equipment

Flammable Liquids

• Spills of flammable or combustible liquids must be cleaned up promptly  

• Storage tanks must be adequately vented to prevent the development of excessive vacuum or pressure as a result of filling, emptying, or atmosphere temperature changes  

• Storage tanks must also be equipped with emergency venting that will relieve excessive internal pressure caused by fire exposure

• Insure that all connections on drums and combustible liquid piping and vapor are liquid tight

Flammable Liquids

• Ground and bond bulk drums of flammable liquids to containers during dispensing

• Use approved metal safety cans for handling of any flammable liquids in quantity greater than a gallon

• Keep flammable liquids in closed containers when not in use (example: parts cleaning tanks, pans, etc.) 

Combustible Storage

• Combustible scrap, debris, and waste materials (oily rags, etc.) should be stored and removed from the worksite as promptly as possible 

• Proper storage practiced to minimize the risk of fire including spontaneous combustion

• Keep combustible materials away from potential ignition sources

• Never store flammable or combustible liquids in access or egress areas

General Requirements For Manual Handling

• Employees should seek help when: – A load is so bulky it cannot be

properly grasped or lifted– An employee can’t see around or

over it– A load cannot be safely handled.

• Personal Protective equipment is an integral part of safe handling procedures. – Boots with sturdy soles– Gloves– Forearm Protection– Safety Glasses

Mechanics of Proper Lifting

• The following slides will demonstrate the basics of proper lifting technique

• Don’t forget these basics;– Warming up before attempting to lift is good practice,

don’t be afraid to get your blood flowing with some simple stretches.

– There is no shame in the buddy system, get help if you think you’ll need it!

– If management has provided equipment for helping you lift something, use it. Never take a short cut or put yourself in an unsafe position with a load.

- Establish a solid base

- Bend your knees

- Position yourself close to

the load - Lift with your

legs

-Complete the lift before twisting or

turning

General Requirements For Mechanical Handling

• When moving materials avoid overloading, consider the weight, size, and shape of the material

• Equipment capacity ratings must be displayed on each piece of equipment and must not be exceeded.

• Follow safe lifting procedures for the specific machinery in use

• OSHA requires that all machine operators are trained.

Powered Fork Trucks

• Research data estimates 90 deaths per year attributed to fork truck operation.

• Operator training was made mandatory for all industries as of March 1, 1999.

• Employer must train operators using federal guidelines for certification.

• Equipment that was designed to move earth but will accept forks is not covered, nor are over the road haulage trucks.

Powered Fork Trucks

Training must incorporate the following subject matter: Familiarization with the Machine

Understanding the basics of stability Understanding the forces that cause tip-over

Vehicle Inspection Vehicle Operation Load Handling Power Source

LGP Handling and Use Battery Charging Other

Hands-On Training

Powered Fork Trucks

Refresher Training must be provided when:• An operator has an incident or near-miss incident• An operator is asked to run a different type of truck• The operator has been evaluated as not operating in

a safe manner

Training records must be kept on file after the date of completion for at least three years

Operators are not subject to fitness testsOSHA does not require certification cards

Waste Material Disposal

• All scrap lumber, waste material, and garbage should be removed as work progresses.

• Disposal of waste material or debris by burning must comply with local fire regulations, borough ordinances, and property owner requirements.

• All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from the worksite.

Tool/Machine Hazards

• Point of Operation• Pinch Points• Kickbacks• Flying Chips, Material• Tool Projection• Machine Guarding• Tool Safety

Point of Operation

•The point of operation is the place where work is performed on the material. •It is the point at which the stock is cut, shaped, bored, or formed.• Most woodworking machines use a cutting and/or shearing action.

Nip/Pinch Points

Nip/pinch points are a special danger arising from rotating or reciprocating parts. They occur whenever machine parts move toward each other or when one part moves past a stationary object. Parts of the body may be caught between or drawn into the nip/pinch point and crushed, mangled, or severed.

How do injuries occur at the point of operation?

• Employees can be injured if their hands get too close to the blade, particularly when working on small pieces of stock.

• Stock can get stuck in a blade and actually pull the operator’s hands into the machine.

• Employees can be injured if the machine or its guard is not properly adjusted or maintained.

• Contact can occur during machine repair or cleaning if care is not taken to de-energize the machine.

Kickbacks

Kickbacks occur when a saw seizes the stock and hurls it back at the operator. This can happen when the stock twists and binds against the side of the blades or is caught in the teeth.

Flying Chips/Material

Employees may be exposed to splinters and chips that are flung by the cutting actions of woodworking equipment.

Tool Projection

Many pieces of woodworking equipment employ rotating cutter heads with multiple knives. Cutter heads that are not properly adjusted, or that are poorly mounted or have broken knives, can become unbalanced. The centrifugal forces on an unbalanced cutter head can fling the knives from the tool and injure or kill the operator or other nearby personnel.

Machine Guarding • Moving machine parts have the potential to cause

severe workplace injuries– Crushed fingers or hands– Amputations– Burns or Blindness

• Safeguards are essential for protecting workers from these preventable injuries.

• Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.

• If operation of a machine or accidental contact could injure the operator or others in the vicinity, the hazards must be eliminated or controlled.

Tool Safety

• Ensure all guards are in place and working properly

• Use push sticks when needed

Tool Safety

• Ensure employees are properly trained

• Inspect tools/machines before using

• Wear appropriate PPE

• Operate machines in accordance with manufacturers specifications

• Don’t wear loose clothing

• Keep long hair tied back

Tool Safety

• Ensure dust collection devices are working properly

• Tool energy source must be disconnected or locked out during repair

• Work areas must be well lit

Standards for Woodworking Machinery

• General Requirements for All Machines, 29 CFR 1910.212• Woodworking Machinery Requirements, 29 CFR 1910.213• Mechanical Power Transmission Apparatus, 29 CFR 1910.219• Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities, NFPA 644-1993• Woodworking Machinery—Safety Requirements, ANSI O1.1-1992

Electrical

• Applicable Standards• Basic Terminology• Physical Effects• Influencing Factors of a Shock• General Requirements• Guarding• Lock Out/Tag Out• Extension Cords• Checklist

Applicable Standards

Electrical standards are among the mostly frequently cited by OSHANo Lock Out/Tag Out Improper Wiring Methods Inadequate Components and Equipment

OSHA references the following for guidelinesElectric Code (NEC or NFPA 70)Electric Safety Requirements for Employee

Workplaces (NFPA 70E)

Basic Terminology

Amps – The amount of electricity flowing

Volts – The force at which the power flows

Ohms – A unit of electrical resistance

Watts – A unit of electrical power

Physical Effects

Amps are the true measure of current absorbed, not volts

We are good conductors, the human body is 70% water

Involuntary muscle contraction is the reason we are affected Can’t let go of energized object Breathing is impaired Heart rhythm is disrupted

Influencing Factors of a Shock

Circumstances that affect the outcome of an electric shock;

Circuit voltageThe bodies external (skin) and

internal resistanceTotal current flowing through

the bodyCurrent pathThe duration of the shock

General Requirements

Equipment must be free from recognized hazards Equipment must be suitable and identified as such

through listing, labeling, or certification for identified purpose.

Parts designed for mechanical strength and durability must be adequate and protective

Permanent work stations must be hardwired, wiring must be supported and/or protected by conduit

Other items for consideration Electrical insulation under high temperatures Arcing effects Use classifications

Guarding Live parts of electrical equipment

operating at 50 volts or more must be guarded against accidental contact.

Means of acceptable guarding include: Isolation in a cabinet, room, or vault

only accessible by qualified persons Use of partitions or screens to

exclude unqualified persons Elevation of eight feet or more above

the floor Electric installations over 600 volts must

be metal-enclosed, enclosed in a vault, or controlled by lock.

Lock Out / Tag Out

LOTO written program Components

Documented energy control procedures

Employee Training program

Inspection program

Lock Out / Tag Out

Purpose is to draw attention to and disable a live energy source during service and repair work.

Lock Out physically disables the energy source, Tag Out provides a warning only

Only the employee who placed the lock or tag may remove it!

Safe Power Shutdown- 5 Steps -

Preparation and Notification– Understanding energy source and alerting all affected employees

Shutdown – De-energizing procedure Isolation – Properly locking all power

sources Lock & Tag Application

Color coding for different trades Employee assigned locks Photo tags, helps locate employee,

makes association Control and Verification– Control stored

and residual energy with locks in place

Reenergizing - 3 Steps -

Inspection – checking the work area and surrounding machinery and for employees

Notification – Make notice to all affected employees as to what will be re-energized

Removal of Tags and Locks

Tags and Locks

Tags and Locks must be:Durable – resist conditions of environmentStandardized – color code and formatSubstantial – strong enough to minimize false

removalIdentifiable – clear message, know who it is

protecting

Extension Cords Cords with missing ground prongs, insulation breeches, crimping or

crushing, must be removed from service. Splicing is prohibited, but new connectors are acceptable When unplugging, pull the plug, never tug on the cord If a cord must cross a vehicle pathway it must be protected OSHA considers an extension cord temporary power, no matter the

power source!

Service RatingsHard Service (types S, ST, SO, STO)

Junior Hard Service (types SJ, SJO, SJT, SJTO)

Home use, small appliance (type SP)

Electrical Checklist

Extension cords:

- No crimping or crushing

- No missing insulation

- No signs of stress at plug

All extensions cords out of high traffic areas:

- Aisleways

- Lift Truck Paths

- Hallway, entrance, stairwell

Lock Out / Tag Out plan for all maintenance operations

Equipment rated for duty and environment

Proper PPE when necessary GFCI protection cord or tool

Awareness of all overhead power lines

All tools double insulated

Paint & Stain Operations

• Spray Booth/Room General Requirements

• Spray Booth/Room Construction• Ventilation

• Employee Education

• Standard References

General Requirements

• No smoking in or around spray booths/rooms

• Respirators, eye protection, and gloves should be worn during all finishing operations

• Maintain an eyewash station near area

• Exhaust filters should be cleaned or replaced on a regular basis

Spray Booth/Room Construction

• Explosion resistant lighting shall be used inside spray booths/rooms

• Explosion resistant motors shall be used

• Motors are not guaranteed as such. Design specifies, – “If there is an explosion within the motor, the

design will contain it and not allow it in to the atmosphere.” 

Spray Booth/Room Construction

• Must be substantially constructed• Floors and walls must be non combustible

materials• Interiors must be smooth and continuous,

without edges, and designed to prevent accumulation of residues

• Must be separated from other operations by at least three feet or a wall partition

Spray Booth/Room Construction

• Installed so that all portions are easily cleaned

• Hot surfaces such as space heaters, appliances, and steam pipes must be located away from spray-finishing operations

• All metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts, and piping systems must be permanently grounded

Ventilation

• Spray booth/rooms must enclose or confine all paint/spray/finishing operations

• All spraying areas shall have mechanical ventilation adequate to remove flammable vapors, powders, or mists to a safe location and control combustible residues

• Is your ventilation adequate for the size of your spray booth/room?

Ventilation

• Open Booth

H x W x 100 = Minimum CFM

H = Height of booth openingW = Width of booth opening100 = minimum fpm over face of booth when

operator is presentMinimum CFM, Fan must meet or exceed velocity.

Ventilation

• Enclosed Booth– Concentrations of solvents must not exceed

25% of the lower explosive limit– A gallon of paint is roughly 50% solvent– A conventional gun at full discharge releases

up to 12oz/min– Consult MSDS for LEL’s of material used– Consider size of booth and fan draw (CFM)

Ventilation

• Make up air must be fresh• If outdoor temp is < 55°, make up air must be

heated• The electric motor driving the exhaust fan must

be placed outside the booth or duct• Belts and pulleys used to drive

the fan must be enclosed • Exhaust ducts must be fitted with access doors

for cleaning

Spray Booth/Room Safety

• Ensure employees are familiar with Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• The OSHA standard for spray finishing operations, 29 CFR 1910.107, provides detailed requirements for the design and construction of spray booths/rooms, air filters, velocity and air flow requirements, and the (make-up) air supplied to the booth/room

OSHA REFERENCES FOR FINISHING OPERATIONS

• Ventilation, 29 CFR 1910.94(c) and (d)• Flammable and Combustible Liquids, 29 CFR

1910.106 • Spray Finishing Using Flammable and

Combustible Materials, 29 CFR 1910.107• Respiratory Protection, 29 CFR 1910.134

• The Air Contaminants Standards 29 CFR 1910.1000

• NFPA 33-1969

Dust Collection Systems

• Power Requirements

• Bag Size

• Noise Exposures

• Collection Type

• Accessibility

Hazard Communication

Four ComponentsWritten Program

Contains information on how the employer will meet the requirements of the standard

LabelingLabels must include information such as the name of the material, manufacturer’s name and address, and

hazard warnings

(SDS) Safety Data SheetsContain all important information on a material and

must be accessible to employees at any time

Employee TrainingEmployees learn the characteristics of the materials

Written Plan

• A Written Plan must address the following issues;• Procedures• Related Safety & Health

Issues• Training• Chemical Inventory• Labeling Procedures

Written Plan

• What are the chemicals on the job or in the shop?

• Who will be exposed to specific chemicals?

• Are the employees trained prior to work?

• What is the procedure for clean-up?• What is the procedure for first-aid and

emergency contact?

Labeling – The NFPA Placard

Fire HazardFire Hazard4 – Below 73°F3 – Below 100°F2 – Above 100°F1 – Above 200°F0 – Will Not Burn

Health HazardHealth Hazard4 – Deadly3 – Extremely Dangerous2 – Hazardous1 – Slightly Hazardous0 – Normal Material

ReactivityReactivity4 – Detonate3 – Shock and Heat may Detonate2 – Violent Chemical

Change1 – Unstable if Heated0 - Stable

Specific HazardACID – AcidCOR – CorrosiveOXY - Oxidizer

The placard is used on all storage tanks and transfer containers (gas cans, storage vessels).

3311 22

O

GHS - Globally Harmonized System

1910.1200All existing training and right-to-know requirements remainMSDS will be referred to as “Safety Data Sheets”Revision to hazard classification

• Hazard Category System• Classification based on defined chemical data

Sheet structure will be uniformNew pictures will enhance communication for non-english speaking employees

GHS Hazard Communication

Additions to the new standard include:• Combustible dust • Pyrophoric Gases• Simple Asphyxiants

Hazards Not Otherwise Classified (HNOC) – any substance that is known to be hazardous but does not conform to the hazard categories• Classification allows additions to be made at a later

date

Labeling• Product Identifier - Must match the identifier on the SDS

and include the chemical identity of the substance /mixture ingredients that create hazard.

• Pictograms - Image conveys chemical hazards. (black symbol, white field, all inside red diamond)

• Signal Word - indicates the severity of the product’s hazard. – “Danger” = severe hazards – “Warning” = less sever hazards.

• Hazard Statements - based on the nature of the product’s hazardous contents.

• Supplier Identification – must include the name, address and telephone number used to locate or communicate with the manufacturer or supplier.

Labeling• Precautionary Statements -  informs the reader about

how to prevent the hazards of storing or handling the product . Four categories:– Prevention– Response– Storage– Disposal

• Other Elements – A competent person may add content to the label as long as it does not interfere with the label structure or confuse the user– Transport pictograms – Precautionary pictograms – First-aid recommendations – Universal product codes– General usage information

LabelingIdentifier 1

Pictograms 2

Signal words 3

Hazard Statement 4

Precautions 5

Supplier Identification 6

Labeling• It is the employer’s responsibility

to ensure that all containers of hazardous substances in the workplace are labeled

• Never remove a label• Container size is irrelevant, all

containers must be labeled• The only labeling exception is

“Immediate Use”, employee has 100% control of material.

(SDS) Safety Data Sheets

The SDS give vital information on the behavior of a material:

• Physical Data• Reactivity with other

chemicals• Emergency First-Aid Procedures

• Hazard Information• Prolonged and Acute Health

Effects

New SDS StructureThe format should include the following sections:

1. Identification2. Hazard(s) identification3. Composition/information on ingredients4. First-Aid measures5. Fire-fighting measures6. Accidental release measures7. Handling and storage8. Exposure controls/personal protection

New “SDS” StructureFormat cont…

9. Physical and chemical properties10. Stability and reactivity11. Toxicological information12. Ecological information13. Disposal considerations14. Transport information15. Regulatory information16. Other information, including date of preparation or last revision

Definition of Physical States

• Gas - a substance or mixture which at 50°C (122°F)has a vapor pressure greater than 300 kPa; or is completely gaseous at 20°C (68°F) and a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.

• Liquid - a substance or mixture that is not a gas and which has a melting point or initial melting point of 20°C (68°F) or less at standard pressure of 101.3 kPa.

• Solid - a substance or mixture that does not meet the definitions of a liquid or a gas.

SDS Pictograms• Provides a visual representation of the hazard

Hazard CategoriesHealth Hazard Explosion

Corrosives Toxicity

Flammable Environmental

Irritants Compressed Gas

Oxidizer

Health Hazard

Carcinogen

Mutagenicity

Reproductive Toxicity

Respiratory Sensitizer

Target Organ Toxicity

Aspiration Toxicity

Corrosives

Skin Corrosion/ burns

Eye Damage

Corrosive to Metals

Flammable

Flammables

Pyrophorics

Self-Heating

Emits Flammable Gas

Self-Reactives

Organic Peroxides

Irritant

Irritant (skin and eye)

Skin Sensitizer

Acute Toxicity (harmful)

Narcotic Effects

Respiratory Tract Irritant

Explosion

Explosives

Self-Reactives

Organic Peroxides

Toxicity

Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)

Environmental

Hazardous to Ozone Layer

Aquatic Toxicity

Compressed Gas

Gases under Pressure

Oxidizer

Could yield oxygen and contribute to combustion.

(SDS) Safety Data Sheets

• Small quantities of (household use) products purchased from retail stores do not require an SDS, unless exposure is increased and constant.

• If a supplier will not provide an SDS, they are required to tell you how to get it.

• It is good practice to carry an SDS manual in a field vehicle, but not necessary. SDS’s must be accessible to an OSHA inspector during the shift. Faxing from the main office is acceptable.

(SDS) Safety Data Sheets

Materials and Chemicals that require an SDS:

Paint & StainsPaint & Stains Brick & BlockBrick & Block

Fuels & LubricantsFuels & Lubricants SheetrockSheetrock

SolventsSolvents Compressed GasCompressed Gas

Pesticides, Pesticides, InsecticidesInsecticides

Welding RodsWelding Rods

AdhesivesAdhesives InsulationInsulation

Cleaning AgentsCleaning Agents Treated LumberTreated Lumber

Employee Training

• Employees must be trained on every new chemical in which they come in contact

• Acute and chronic health effects• Proper handling and use• Proper storage• Clean-Up procedures• Proper disposal• Accessing information (SDS Manual)

Job-Site Compliance• All contractors are responsible for

providing SDS for the chemicals/materials they bring to the site.

• Other contractors must be made aware of potential hazards created by chemicals/materials brought on-site.

Common Job-Site Exposures

• Sheetrock work – sanding and cutting• Lawn Maintenance and Landscaping –

fertilizers and fuels• Masonry - cutting and mixing• Insulation - blown and batting, cutting or

spraying installation• Fabrication or repair - compressed gas

welding rods• Pest control - mixing and spraying• Carpentry – cutting, sanding, installation

Additional OSHA Requirements

• Employers must present information in a manner and language that their employees can understand.

• Employers must communicate the training in the employee’s language.

• If the employee has a limited vocabulary or is illiterate the training must account for that.

Compliance DatesDec. 1, 2013 Train all employees on the new label elements

and Safety Data Sheet format

June 1, 2015 Comply with all modified provisions of this rule, except distributors that are allowed to ship products labeled by manufacturers under the old system until Dec 1, 2015

Dec 1, 2015 Comply with all modified provisions of the rule

June 1, 2016 Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard communication program as necessary and provide additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards

Hazard Communication Checklist

Inventory of Chemicals Used

Match Chemicals With Exposures

Obtain all SDS Safe Work Practices for Each Chemical

Identify SDS Storage Location

Employees Educated on Potential Exposures

Employees Know Location of SDS

Employees Trained on Use of Material

All Containers Labeled Notify Other Contractors When Necessary

Personal Protective Equipment

• General Requirements• Foot Protection• Head Protection• Hearing Protection• Eye & Face Protection• Respiratory Protection

General Requirements

• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be maintained and provided by the employer when necessary.

• If an employee provides his/her own equipment, the employer is still responsible to make sure it is adequate and well maintained.

• PPE is to be used as a last means of controlling an exposure. Engineering and administrative controls should be used first when possible.

Foot Protection

• Safety footwear must comply with ANSI Z41.1

• Required for:Any material handling

process where something could be dropped on the foot

Bulk material handling processes

Work around sharp objects that could penetrate and puncture foot

Head Protection

• All hard hats must comply with ANSI standard Z89.1, and Z89.2 for employees exposed to high voltage electric shock.

• Bump Caps are not acceptable for construction use under these standards.

Head Protection

• Employees must wear hard hats if there is any possibility of; Being struck by an object falling from a higher level A flying objectElectrical shock

Hearing Protection

• Engineering and Administrative controls should be applied when feasible.

• Ear plugs must be fitted under the direction of a competent person.

• Plain cotton is not an acceptable hearing protection device.

**Remember**If you are arms length from the person talking to you and

cannot hear them, its time for hearing protection!

Three Components of Hearing

• SoundA sound can be intermittent or continuous or a

combination of both. Intensity is also a factor.

• PathDistance, terrain, and medium of travel play a part.

• ReceiverThe average unimpaired hearing range of a person is

20 to 20,000 Hz

Facts and Numbers

• 85 decibels is considered the “Action Level” or the level at which an employee must be enrolled in a HCP (hearing conservation program) and notified of their results.

• The permissible exposure level for a time weighted average over an eight hour period is 90 decibels.

• The level at which dual hearing protection must be worn is 105 decibels.

• The maximum allowable exposure level at any one time during the shift is 115 decibels.

Components of a Hearing Conservation Program

• Monitoring

• Hearing Protection

• Audiometric Testing

• Training

• Record Keeping

Muffs vs. Plugs

• Product will have a Noise Reduction Rating or NRR

• Rating indicates the performance of the device

Muffs Plugs

Average NRR for devices shown:

28.66

Average NRR for devices shown:

23.66

Calculating Noise Reduction using the NRR

• When C-weighted sound level measurement is available, the following formula should be used to calculate the required NRR

• Noise Level in dB(C) - Protector NRR = 90 dB(A) or less.

• When A-weighted sound level measurement is available, the following formula should be used to calculate the required NRR.

• Noise Level in dB(A) - (Protector NRR - 7 dB) = 90 dB(A) or less

How to insert an Ear Plug

• Grab the top/back of the ear.• Gently pull up and backward.• (If disposable foam) Roll the

plug between the forefinger and thumb until it is completely compressed.

• Gently slide the plug in the ear canal.

• (If disposable foam) Let the plug expand.

Eye & Face Protection• All eye and face

equipment must comply with ANSI Z87.1 standards.

• Employers must provide protection when employees are exposed to any and all potential flying debris.

• ANSI compliant side shields applied to conventional glasses do not make them safety glasses!

Eye & Face Protection

• The standard covers general eye protection, eye protection for welding, and laser applications.

• Tables E-1, E-2, and E-3 tell us minimum performance requirements for our applications.

Respiratory Protection

• Industry Standard 1910.134

• Employer must choose the right application for the job.

Respiratory Protection

Dust Masks are for nuisance dusts only.

Respirators are made to filter harmful contaminants from the air.

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) is suitable for atmospheres that are both oxygen deficient and contain harmful contaminants.

Respiratory Protection

• Employees that have to wear respirators must receive the following:Pulmonary Function TestRespirator Fit TestingEducation on devices capabilities Storage, cleaning, and regular inspection

proceduresRegularly monitored work area and

conditions

Respirator Fit Testing

Quantitative A pass/fail test to assess

respirator fit. Relies on the individual's

response to the test agent. (recognizable scents)

Qualitative Assesses a respirator’s

effectiveness by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.

Respirator Fit Testing

1. Adjust straps and other connecting or fitting devices so that face seal is snug but comfortable.

2. Positive Pressure Test: Place hand over blowout diaphragm and exhale, the mask should first expand, then release around the face seal.

3. Negative Pressure Test: Place hands over the cartridges and inhale, the mask should collapse into the face.

If no leaks are discovered, and wearer can sense no surrounding odors, mask is fitted properly.

Facial hair that interferes with a proper seal is prohibited.

Emergency Procedures

• Emergency Evacuation plan

• Fire Safety

• Basic First Aid

Are you Prepared?

• Does the facility have a first aid kit?

• Are emergency contact numbers readily available?

• Do any of your employees/co-workers have CPR or First Aid training?

• Does the facility have an evacuation procedure?

Emergency Evacuation Plan

• Employees must be educated on all emergency evacuation plan specifics

• Exit map must be conspicuously posted

• Ensure primary and secondary routes are unobstructed

Emergency Evacuation Plan

• Assemble outside the facility at pre-determined area for a head count

• Identify who is responsible for head count• Identify who is responsible for emergency

power shut down• Identify who will make appropriate

emergency phone calls• No one reenters facility until emergency is

over

Fire Safety

• Good house keeping is key to preventing fires

- Do not use compressed air to blow sawdust

- Keep evacuation routes/exits clear - Clean up daily

Fire Safety

• Develop a system to alert employees in the event of a fire

• Ensure exits are properly marked (steel roll up doors are not acceptable as fire exits)

• Ensure adequate number of extinguishers for size of building (no more than 75 ft. of travel)

• Ensure employees know extinguisher location

• Train employees on proper operation of extinguishers

Fire Extinguishers• Fire extinguishers must be selected and provided for the

types of materials in areas where they are to be used• Class A, Ordinary combustible material fires.    • Class B, Flammable liquid, gas or grease fires.    • Class C, Energized-electrical equipment fires.  

• Fire extinguishers should be mounted within 75 feet of outside areas containing flammable liquids, and within 10 feet of any inside storage area for such materials  

• Access to extinguishers should be free from obstructions or blockage 

• Fire extinguishers must be serviced, maintained, and tagged at least once a year 

Extinguishers

Ordinary Combustibles

Includes materials such as wood and paper

Flammable Liquids

Includes fuels, grease, other liquids

Electrical Fires

Contains non-conductive smothering agent

Fire Extinguisher Inspection

• Body of the extinguisher; rust, cracks, dents

• Check hose for cracks, dry-rot

• All fittings snug, no signs of leaks

• Lever and hinge assembly

• Safety pin in place, safety tie present

• Inspection tag, present and up to date

• Pressure gauge, needle in the green

How to use a Fire Extinguisher

P-A-S-SPull -- Pull the pin at the top of the

extinguisher that keeps the handle from being activated

Aim -- Aim the nozzle at the base of the fireSqueeze -- Maintain a distance of eight to ten

feet away from the fire and squeeze the handle. Discharge will only occur if the handle is being squeezed.

Sweep -- Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the fire until it appears to be out.

Basic First Aid

• The OSHA First Aid standard (29 CFR 1910.151) requires trained first-aid providers at all workplaces of any size if there is no “infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is used for the treatment of all injured employees.”

Handling an Emergency

The three C’s, Check, Call, Care help us remember what to do in an emergency situation.

Check – check the area for your own safety first, then the victim's

Call – for help, 911 or whom ever is in the immediate area that can provide assistance

Care - administer care to the victim, this may be first aid or at least stabilization