CABIN CREW TRAINING

LESSON 7 AND 8

TUTOR: ANDREA STULTZ

LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Understand how to respond to aircraft emergencies

• Define the terms planned and unplanned emergencies

• Identify flight crew instructions for planned emergency landing/ditching

• Explain procedures for preparing and evacuating the cabin for a planned emergency including:

- Landing and Ditching

• Explain how to deal with an unplanned emergency

• Identify the type of passengers not suitable to be able bodied passengers

• Describe the different types of brace position and their purpose

• Identify positive commands which should be used during evacuation

• Outline techniques for maintaining crowd control

• Identify factors which can prevent an aircraft exit from being used in an evacuation

• State the occasions when cabin crew must initiate an evacuation without the flight crew’s command

• Explain what to do if an aircraft exit is unserviceable and cannot be used in an emergency

RESPONDING TO AIRCRAFT EMERGENCIES

• NO TWO EMERGENCIES ARE THE SAME. PROCEDURES LEARNT IN MANUAL ARE ONLY GUIDELINES WHICH MUST BE FOLLOWED AT BEST BEARING IN MIND THERE MAY BE SITUATIONS WHERE PERSONAL JUDGEMENT MAY BE USED.

• FLIGHT ATTENDANTS MUST HAVE A FIRM UNDERSTANDING AND WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF EMERGENCY AND THE STANDARD PROCEDURES WHICH WILL ENABLE THE EFFICIENT HANDLING OF ALL SITUATIONS.

• FLIGHT ATTENDANTS SHOULD AS BEST AS POSSIBLE BE CALM, CONFIDENT AND CARRY AN AUTHORITATIVE ATTITUDE.

• IF A CREW MEMBER IS INCAPACITATED THEN THE DUTY OF THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT WILL BECOME THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE OTHER CABIN CREW.

CHAIN OF COMMAND

• THE CHAIN OF COMMAND MUST BE OBSERVED WHEN THERE IS A SAFETY HAZARD TO THE FLIGHT / OR CUSTOMERS.

• THE CHAIN OF COMMAND IS TO DETERMINE WHO THE DECISION MAKERS ARE DURING THE ROUTINE AND EMERGENCY SITUATION.

• CHAIN OF COMMAND IS

- CAPTAIN -> FIRST OFFICER ->FLIGHT ATTENDANTS.

PLANNED AND UNPLANNED EMERGENCIES• PLANNED EMERGENCY IS ONE IN WHICH THE FLIGHT DECK

HAS HAD PRIOR WARNING OF POTENTIAL PROBLEMS AND ARE ABLE TO COORDINATE A PLAN OF ACTION WITH THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS.

• FLIGHT ATTENDANTS ARE THEN ABLE TO PREPARE THE CABIN AND ENLIST THE ASSISTANCE OF PASSENGERS FOR AN EVACUATION.

• FLIGHT ATTENDANTS WILL USE AND FOLLOW PROCEDURES ON THE PLANNED EMERGENCY CHECKLIST.

VIDEO PRESENTATIONTHE FOLLOWING VIDEO PRESENTATION IN SLIDE 8 IS INTENDED TO COVER SEVERAL AREAS. PLEASE WATCH AND TAKE SPECIAL NOTES OF THE FOLLOWING:-

• OPENING/CLOSING OF CABIN DOORS

• ARMING AND DISARMING OF DOORS

• EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT STOWAGE ON BOARD

• OXYGEN SYSTEM ON THE AIRCRAFT

• INFLIGHT COMMUNICATION

• EMERGENCY EVACUATION DOOR OPENING

• EVACUATION ROUTES

• WATER {DITCHING} EVACUATION

• USE OF ABPS/ABAS

Canadian airlines 747-400 flight attendant training video

UNPLANNED EMERGENCIES

• MAJORITY OF EMERGENCIES HAPPEN ON TAKEOFF AND LANDING WITH NO PRIOR WARNING.

• IN THIS SITUATION THERE IS NO TIME TO COORDINATE A COURSE OF ACTION WITH THE CAPTAIN SO FLIGHT ATTENDANTS MUST BE PREPARED TO REACT ON THEIR OWN.

• FLIGHT ATTENDANTS MUST FOLLOW EMERGENCY PROCEDURES AND USE THE SKILLS AQUIRED IN TRAINING AND GOOD JUDGEMENT.

ABLE BODIED PASSENGERS

• AIRCRAFT PASSENGERS WHO ARE TRAVELING ALONE OR AS COUPLES

• HAVE NO CHILDREN OR OTHER RELATIVES TRAVELING WITH THEM

• FIT AND HEALTHY

• SPEAKS THE LANGUAGE USED BY THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS

THEY ARE USED IN ANY EMERGENCY SITUATION WHERE THERE IS ENOUGH TIME AVAILABLE FOR FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO BRIEF THEM ON THE OPERATION OF EMERGENCY EXITS, LIFE RAFTS, AND WHAT WILL BE EXPECTED OF THEM AFTER A CRASH.

THEY ARE PRIMARILY EXPECTED TO ASSIST PASSENGERS OFF THE BOTTOM OF THE ESCAPE SLIDES OR ASSIST IN THE LAUNCHING OF LIFE RAFTS AND CARRY OUT FLIGHT ATTENDANT EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES , BUT ARE ALSO GIVEN ENOUGH INFORMATION TO ACT IN THE EVENT A FLIGHT ATTENDANT IS INCAPACITATED.

FLIGHT CREW INSTRUCTIONS FOR PLANNED EMERGENCY

LANDING/DITCHINGIN THE EVENT OF A PLANNED EMERGENCY FOR LAND OR WATER

THE PURSER/FA WILL RECEIVE 4 RINGS FROM THE COCKPIT IN THE VICINITY OF AN INTERPHONE. UPON ANSWERING, THE CAPTAIN WILL GIVE THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS:

THE T.E.S.T. METHOD WILL BE APPLIED

• T- TYPE OF EMERGENCY

• E – EXIT TO BE USED IN EVACUATION

• S – SIGNAL TO BE GIVEN BY FLIGHT DECK FOR BRACE TO PASSENGERS

• T- TIME { AMOUNT OF } TO PREPARE THE CABIN

PROCEDURES FOR PREPARING AND EVACUATING THE CABIN FOR A PLANNED EMERGENCY INCLUDING:

• If the Captain determines that less than 10 minutes will pass before landing, he/she will direct the Flight Attendants to modify cabin preparation. (T.E.S.T. briefing will be given if Captain determines that sufficient time is available).

• "B" and "C" Position secure galleys (power off).

• Check slides and exits.

• Obtain Planned Emergency Checklist or refer to this section of this manual. "A" Position briefs "B" and "C" positions on:

-  Situation.

- Reseating of customers.

- Coordinating time on watches.

- Ensure "B" and "C" are referring to this section of manual.

- "A" Position:

• Reads Planned Emergency P.A. (Lights full bright).

• Brace announcement.

• Final walk through.

• Dim lights (Night flight).

• Notifies Captain: "Cabin is prepared.“

• Seat Belt Sign "On" indicating descent through approximately 18,000 feet.

• "A" "B" and "C" - Assume brace position on jump seat.

• 30 second review.

• One minute prior to landing, Captain gives the command, "Brace, Brace, Brace.”

• Planned Emergency P.A.

• "Ladies and gentlemen, the Captain has informed me that we need to prepare the cabin for a possible emergency landing. We have (approximate time) to prepare the cabin for landing, so your undivided attention is very important."

• "Please locate the exits closest to you."

• "There are four exit doors - two in the forward cabin and two in the aft cabin. Each door is equipped with an evacuation slide which can be detached for floatation. If circumstances require you to open a door immediately, pull the red inflation handle located at the base of the door to ensure proper slide inflation."

• "ln addition, there are two window exits located over the wings.”

• "Each exit is clearly marked with a sign overhead. If needed, a lighting system along the aisle will direct you to all exits."

• "lf you are closest to a door there will be an evacuation slide. Cross your arms and jump into it. If you are closest to an over wing window exit, step out through the exit and slide off the wing to the ground. Should your exit be blocked with smoke, fire or any obstruction, do not attempt to open or use that exit, but proceed to the nearest usable exit. Flight Attendants will be directing the evacuation."

• "At this time, remove all sharp objects from your person and place them in a sickness bag. Also, place any remaining cups, cans or glasses in a sickness bag. Place the bag in your seat back pocket. If you are seated in a lounge area at the over wing exit, hand the sickness bag to a Flight Attendant who will place it in an overhead bin.

• "Please check to make sure your seat belts are securely fastened, tight and low across hips, your seat backs and tray tables are upright and locked, and that all carry on luggage is stowed completely under the seat in front of you."

• "Please follow the Flight Attendants now while they instruct you on brace positions. Those of you having special needs will be individually briefed by a Flight Attendant. All other adults, place feet flat on the floor, place your head face down in lap and wrap your arms underneath your knees. If you are unable to assume this position, cross your wrists and place them on the seat back in front of you. Rest your forehead on the seat back. Children should lean forward, feet flat on the floor, place head face down in lap and wrap their arms underneath knees. If you are seated in rear facing seats at the overwing exit, place your feet flat on the floor, sit straight up with your head and back flush to the seat and place your hands under your thighs."

• "Ladies and Gentlemen, approximately one minute prior to landing, the Captain will give the command, "Brace, Brace, Brace". At that time assume your brace positions, remain in your brace position until the aircraft comes to a complete stop and you hear 'evacuate' or 'open your seat belts. Otherwise, remain seated until further instructions are given."

• "Should we have to evacuate, move to your closest exit, leave all belongings at your seat. Once off the aircraft, assemble in a group, away from the aircraft, no smoking is allowed."

• "Flight Attendants will be available to assist and take a head count. Please recheck to make sure your seat belts are securely fastened tight and low across the hips."

• "At this time, please locate the Safety Information Card. We ask that you look over the card and we will be back with you in a few minutes."

• "We need volunteers to assist us in the event of an evacuation. Please raise your hand if you can assist."

ABP BRIEFING

FORWARD DOOR EXITS

• SELECT SIX ABAS - 3 FOR EACH DOOR (RESEAT ONLY IF PEOPLE CLOSEST TO EXITS ARE UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO ASSIST).

• INSTRUCT ABAS TO STAY IN BRACE POSITION UNTIL:

IF THE AIRCRAFT COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP AND/ORTHEY HEAR "EVACUATE" OR "OPEN SEAT BELTS"

-INSTRUCT #1 ABAS (SITTING IN AISLE SEAT) TO COME TO ASSIGNED EXIT.

-INSTRUCT #2 AND #3 ABAS TO-"HOLD PEOPLE BACK"

• FLIGHT ATTENDANTS OPENS EXITS

CAPTAIN WILL GIVE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS:

- "EVACUATE" OR "REMAIN SEATED."

• "B" POSITION FLIGHT ATTENDANT TURNS ON EMERGENCY LIGHT SWITCHES WHEN THE AIRCRAFT COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP.

• ASSESS CONDITIONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE AIRCRAFT.

• OPEN EXITS.

• EVACUATE PASSENGERS--SHOUT COMMANDS.

• AFTER CHECKING THAT ALL PASSENGERS AND CREW HAVE EVACUATED THE AIRCRAFT, TIME AND CIRCUMSTANCES PERMITTING, RETRIEVE EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.

• ONCE OFF AIRCRAFT, FLIGHT ATTENDANTS WILL TAKE A CUSTOMER AND CREW COUNT.

• INSTRUCT ABAS ON WHERE TO GO AND HOW TO ASSIST PEOPLE.

- #1 AND #2 ABAS GO DOWN SLIDE-HOLD SLIDE-HELP PEOPLE OFF SLIDE.

- #3 ABAS GO DOWN SLIDE, STAND IN FRONT OF IT AND TELL PEOPLE TO MOVE AWAY FROM AIRCRAFT, STAY TOGETHER IN A GROUP AND NO SMOKING.

ABLE-BODIED ASSISTANTS (ABAs)

• "A" FLIGHT Attendant briefs six (6) ABAs. Three (3) for forward entry door, and three (3) for forward galley door.

• "B" Flight Attendant briefs six(6) ABAs. Three (3) for aft entry door, and three (3) for aft galley door.

• "C" Flight Attendant briefs six (6) ABAs.

Three (3) for each over wing window exit.

INCAPACITATED FLIGHT ATTENDANT• "B" Position Flight Attendant turns on emergency light switch when aircraft come to complete

stop.

• Instruct #1 ABAs to:

- Move Flight Attendant(s) off the jump seat (#2 and #3 ABAs hold people back). Face assigned door

- Assess conditions inside and outside aircraft.

• Presence of smoke, fire or obstruction - DO NOT OPEN - cross arms and shout "EXIT BLOCKED -TURN AROUND."

• Conditions clear-OPEN EXIT.

• Place one hand on door-assist handle and other hand on door handle.

• Rotate handle in direction of arrow. Door swings in and then out.

• Push door open completely against aircraft.

• Hold inside assist handle and pull red inflation handle.

• Tell people to "Come this way", "Cross your arms", "Jump."

• If Conditions become life threatening, exit aircraft.

• Instruct #2 ABAs to slide down slide.

• Instruct #3 ABAs to take injured Flight Attendant down slide and move off to side (#2 will assist).

• #2 and #3 ABAs will stand at bottom of slide to help people off slide.

• #3 ABAs tell people to move away from aircraft-stay together in a group and no smoking.

• Ask if there are any questions-time permitting, ABAs repeat duties.

Aft Door Exits

• Select six ABAs- 3 for each door(reseat only if people closest to exits are unable or unwilling to assist).

• Instruct ABAs to stay in brace position until:

- Aircraft comes to a complete stop and/or hear "Evacuate" or "Open Seat Belts."

• Instruct #1 ABAs (sitting in aisle seat) to come to assigned exit.

• Instruct #2 and #3 ABAs to "HOLD PEOPLE BACK"

Aft Entry Door

"B" Flight Attendant will:

• Be assigned the aft entry door.

• Brief ABAs for aft entry door using the same instructions as for the forward door exits above.

AFT GALLEY DOOR:

#1 ABA OPENS DOOR.

REFER TO ABOVE DOOR OPERATION.

INSTRUCT #2 AND #3 ABAS ON WHERE TO GO AND HOW TO ASSIST.

#2 AND #3 ABAS GO DOWN SLIDE, HOLD SLIDE, AND HELP PEOPLE OFF SLIDE.

#3 ABAS TELL PEOPLE TO MOVE AWAY FROM AIRCRAFT, STAY TOGETHER IN A GROUP, NO SMOKING.

WINDOW EXIT

CHECK THAT CUSTOMERS SITTING AT OVERWING EXIT ARE STILL WILLING TO ASSIST WITH EVACUATION; RESEAT IF NECESSARY.

REMIND ABAS THAT A FLIGHT ATTENDANT WILL NOT BE AT WINDOW EXIT TO HELP.

INSTRUCT ABAS TO STAY IN BRACE POSITION UNTIL:

• AIRCRAFT COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP AND THEY HEAR, "EVACUATE" OR "OPEN SEAT BELTS."

OVERWING WINDOW EXIT

INSTRUCT #1 ABA (WINDOW SEAT).

FACE AFT.

ASSESS CONDITIONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT.

IN THE PRESENCE OF SMOKE, FIRE, OR OBSTRUCTION- DO NOT OPEN -CROSS ARMS AND SHOUT, "EXIT BLOCKED - TURN AROUND."

CONDITIONS CLEAR- OPEN EXIT.

REMOVE PLASTIC COVER WHEN PRESENT.

PLACE AISLE HAND PALM-DOWN IN THE TOP HAND HOLD.

PLACE OTHER HAND PALM-UP IN THE BOTTOM HAND HOLD.

PULL DOWN ON TOP HAND HOLD/HANDLE TO REMOVE WINDOW.

STOW WINDOW ON SEATS OR THROW OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT AWAY FROM EXIT.

STEP OUT ON WING AND ASSIST PASSENGERS.

INSTRUCT #2 ABAS:

• "HOLD PEOPLE BACK" UNTIL EXIT IS OPEN, EXIT NEXT.

• SLIDE OFF WING (LOW SIDE) AND ASSIST PEOPLE.

• TELL PEOPLE TO MOVE AWAY FROM THE AIRCRAFT, STAY TOGETHER IN A GROUP, AND NO SMOKING.

INSTRUCT #3 ABAS:

• CLIMB ON SEAT IN WHICH YOU WERE SEATED AND SHOUT, "STAY BACK" UNTIL EXIT IS OPEN.

• TELL CUSTOMERS TO "COME THIS WAY - STEP OUT"

• IF CONDITIONS BECOME LIFE THREATENTNG-EXIT AIRCRAFT.

• ASK IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS, TIME PERMITTING. ABPS REPEAT DUTIES.

UNPLANNED EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES

ALL FLIGHT ATTENDANTS SHOULD:

• SHOUT - "HEADS DOWN - STAY DOWN!" THIS IS TO GET THE CUSTOMER'S HEAD DOWN.

• CONTINUE SHOUTING UNTIL THE AIRCRAFT HAS COME TO A COMPLETE STOP. THERE MAY BE TWO IMPACTS.

• STAY IN BRACE POSITION UNTIL AIRCRAFT COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP, THE CAPTAIN WILL INITIATE AN EVACUATION OR DIRECT THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO REMAIN SEATED.

• IF CALLED UPON TO EVACUATE, EACH FLIGHT ATTENDANT SHOULD PROCEED TO HIS HER PRIMARY EXIT AND ASSESS OUTSIDE CONDITIONS.

• IF SAFE, OPEN PRIMARY EXIT WHEN SHOUTING COMMANDS.

• IF UNSAFE, BLOCK EXIT AND PROCEED TO SECONDARY EXIT ASSIGNMENT. IF PROCEEDING TO AN OVERWING EXIT, ENSURE THAT YOUR JUMP SEAT PARTNER (IF APPLICABLE) IS INFORMED OF YOUR INTENTION.

• CONTINUE EVACUATION USING COMMANDS PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED.

IN ADDITION, "A" FLIGHT ATTENDANT WILL:

• OPEN THE FWD ENTRY DOOR (CONDITIONS PERMITTING), THEN PLACE AN ABA AT THAT DOOR TO EVACUATE CUSTOMERS. THE "A" POSITION FLIGHT ATTENDANT THEN OPENS THE FWD GALLEY DOOR (CONDITIONS PERMITTING) AND CONDUCTS THE EVACUATION FROM THAT DOOR.

IN ADDITION, "B" FLIGHT ATTENDANT WILL:

• TURN ON THE EMERGENCY LIGHT SWITCH WHEN THE AIRCRAFT COMES TO A COMPLETE STOP.

UNPLANNED WATER DITCHING• PROCEED TO PRIMARY EXIT AND ASSESS OUTSIDE

CONDITIONS.

• IF SAFE, OPEN EXIT AND INFLATE SLIDE. INSTRUCT TWO PASSENGERS TO GRAB SEAT CUSHIONS, JUMP INTO THE WATER AND MOVE TO THE END OF THE SLIDE. POSITION TWO ABAS TO HOLD PEOPLE BACK AS FLIGHT ATTENDANT DETACHES THE SLIDE FROM THE AIRCRAFT. TURN SLIDE OVER.

• INSTRUCT THE REMAINING PASSENGERS TO LEAVE EVERYTHING, GRAB SEAT CUSHIONS, AND COME TOWARDS THE EXIT.

FLIGHT ATTENDANT COMMANDS• "OPEN YOUR SEAT BELTS!"

• "REMOVE SEAT BOTTOM CUSHIONS!"

• "HOLD ONTO THE STRAPS!"

• "COME THIS WAY!"

• "THIS WAY OUT!"

• "LEAVE EVERYTHING!"

• "JUMP!" (DOOR EXITS ONLY).

Post Evacuation Procedures

• "A" and "B" Flight Attendants should obtain a first aid kit.

• All Flight Attendants should obtain a flashlight.

• Assist ground personnel as directed.

• Obtain customer count.

• Enforce no smoking.

• Administer first aid.

• Assemble customers 100 yards upwind (if applicable).

OVERWING EXIT

• IF IT BECOMES NECESSARY TO USE A SECONDARY WINDOW EXIT, BLOCK YOUR PRIMARY EXIT BEFORE PROCEEDING DOWN THE AISLE. IF SAFE, OPEN THE WINDOW EXIT AFTER ASSESSMENT.

• TELL ABA TO GRAB HIS/HER SEAT CUSHION. INSTRUCT ABA TO ATTACH THE ESCAPE TAPE TO THE WING. HELP PEOPLE OUT AND SEND THEM OFF THE FWD EDGE OF THE WING.

• ADD "STEP OUT" TO EVACUATION COMMANDS.

OCCASIONS WHEN CABIN CREW MUST INITIATE AN EVACUATION WITHOUT THE

FLIGHT CREW’S COMMAND

IN SOME CASES THE CABIN CREW MAY FIND IT NECESSARY TO INITIATE AN EVACUATION:-

CATASTROPHIC SITUATIONS, SUCH AS:

• UNCONTROLLABLE FIRE

• DENSE SMOKE

• SEVERE STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

• EMERGENCY LANDING ON WATER

• NO COMMUNICATION FROM THE FLIGHT CREW.

REFERENCES• able bodied passenger : definition of able bodied passenger and synonyms of

able bodied passenger (English). 2014. able bodied passenger : definition of able bodied passenger and synonyms of able bodied passenger (English). [ONLINE] Available at:http://dictionary.sensagent.com/able%20bodied%20passenger/en-en/ . [Accessed 26 October 2014].

• Emergency Procedure Training | Flight Attendant Training | Job. 2014.Emergency Procedure Training | Flight Attendant Training | Job. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.flightattendantcabincrewtraining.com/emergency3.htm . [Accessed 26 October 2014].

• Canadian Airlines 747-400 Flight Attendant Training Video - YouTube. 2014. Canadian Airlines 747-400 Flight Attendant Training Video - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3wyMBU2Gd4 . [Accessed 26 October 2014].

• Flight Operations Briefing Notes: Unplanned Ground Evacuation | Cabin Operations. 2006. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/safety_library_items/AirbusSafetyLib_-FLT_OPS-CAB_OPS-SEQ12.pdf. [Accessed 26 October 2014].

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