ca 272 - professional web site development class 2: anatomy of a web site and web page & intro...
TRANSCRIPT
CA 272 - Professional Web Site Development
Class 2: Anatomy of a Web Site and Web Page & Intro to HTML
Review - the Process
1. Client opens browser, Internet connection
2. Type URL or click link3. Browser queries name server(s) for IP
address4. Browser establishes HTTP connection
with Web server5. Browser sends GET request for Web
page
Process - continued
6. Web server processes request (connect with Web application server, database, etc.)
7. Server responds to browser with status code and message
8. Various files sent via HTTP connections9. Browser receives data and begins to render
Web page / executes any JavaScript10. HTTP connections closed
Anatomy of a Web Site
Files organized into folders on a Web server Includes:
HTML files (Web pages) ‘replaced elements’ - images, audio/video, Flash,
etc. Linked files related to display or function of page
(e.g., external style sheets, JavaScript files) Folder structure like a tree
Anatomy of a Web Page
What kind of elements do we see on Web pages …?
Anatomy of a Web Page
What kind of elements do we see on Web pages …? text images links multimedia (audio/video/animation) forms buttons frames
Anatomy of a Web Page
Web pages consist of two parts: <head> section - information about the page <body> section - actual content of page
Anatomy of a Web Page
Head section contains internal info we mostly cannot see:
Document title metadata scripts – e.g., JavaScript links to external style sheets and scripts comments – notes by the programmer all but comments and scripting are in head section
Intro to HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
HTML forms the basis for all Web pages HTML is a markup language - not a
programming language no logic or procedures no methods/actions
Markup Languages
Markup languages describe document’s structure and formatting
Markup example - a book
Intro to HTML
HTML is a markup language for the Web Everything on Web page must be labeled as
HTML element - also called ‘tags’ HTML elements - chunk of Web page content
E.g., paragraph or image
Anatomy of an HTML Tag
HTML element start tag attribute – value pair * content * end tag
* not all elements have these
By Aapo Laitinen for Wikipedia, “HTML Element”
HTML Elements
Start and end tags enclosed in <> brackets Attribute is property of content (e.g., width of
an image) Element may contain:
Text Other elements Nothing
HTML Tags
Fixed set of tags - about 80 Text only Tags are often nested within other tags Document tree (Document Object Model)
Parents Children Siblings
Whose Language?
Who’s in charge of HTML? created by Tim Berners-Lee formalized into specification in 1990s by Internet
Engineering Task Force (under ISOC – international organization on Internet)
since 1996, specification maintained by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and its HTML Working Group W3C is consortium of 400+ industry organizations
(X)HTML Specifications
W3C specifications: HTML 4.0 published in 1997 HTML 4.0.1 published in 1999 now focused on XHTML
XHTML specifications first published by W3C in January 2000 now working on XHTML 2.0 and successor to HTML
Block vs Inline Elements
block-level elements: generate new block (new line) on page structural pieces of page can contain block or inline elements
inline elements: occur within line may be content-related or formatting may only contain other inline elements (if at all)
Common HTML Elements
Paragraph: <p> (block element) Headings 1 - 6: <h1> - <h6> (block elements) Image: <img> (inline element) Anchor: <a> (inline element)
Link: <a href=http://www.google.com> Bold: <b> or <strong> (inline element) Italics: <i> or <em> (inline element)
Intro to HTML
Web page structural elements: <html> <head> <body>
Bare minimum for Web page
Homework
Read chapter 1 of Visual QuickStart Guide Read sections 2.5 and 3.1 in Web
Development and Design Foundations