C5603 Graphic & MultimediaCh 1: Basic Component

Mohd Khairuddin Bin Abd KarimCivil Engineering Dept.

Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah25350 Semambu, Kuantan

Email: khairuddin_karim@polisas.edu.my

Basic components in multimedia

1.1.1 Text1.1.2 Images & graphic1.1.3 Audio1.1.4 Animation1.1.5 Video

Text

human-readable sequence of characters and the words they form that can be encoded into computer-readable formats such as ASCII usually distinguished from non-character encoded data, such as graphic images in the form of bitmap s and program code, which is sometimes referred to as being in "binary" (but is actually in its own computer-readable format).

A text, within literary theory, is a coherent set of symbols that transmits some kind of informative message.

Text (cont.)

1.a. The original words of something written or printed, as opposed to a paraphrase, translation, revision, or condensation.

b. The words of a speech appearing in print.

c. Words, as of a libretto, that are set to music in a composition.

d. Words treated as data by a computer.

2. The body of a printed work as distinct from headings and illustrative matter on a page or from front and back matter in a book.3. One of the editions or forms of a written work: After examining all three manuscripts, he published a new text of the poem.4. Something, such as a literary work or other cultural product, regarded as an object of critical analysis.5. A passage from the Scriptures or another authoritative source chosen for the subject of a discourse or cited for support in argument.6. A passage from a written work used as the starting point of a discussion.7. A subject; a topic.8. A textbook.

Images & graphic

An image (from Latin imago) is an artifact, for example a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person.

A digital image is a representation of a two-dimensional image using ones and zeros (binary). Depending on whether or not the image resolution is fixed, it may be of vector or raster type. Without qualifications, the term "digital image" usually refers to raster images also called bitmap images.

Images & graphic (cont.)

Graphics (from Greek γραφικός graphikos) are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain. Examples are photographs, drawings, Line Art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images.

Graphics often combine text, illustration, and color. Graphic design may consist of the deliberate selection, creation, or arrangement of typography alone, as in a brochure, flier, poster, web site, or book without any other element.

an image that is generated by a computer

Differences between photo & graphic

Photo images have continuous tones, meaning that adjacent pixels often have very similar colors, for example, a blue sky might have many shades of blue in it. Normally this is 24 bit RGB color, or 8 bit grayscale, and a typical color photo may contain perhaps 100,000 colors, out of the possible set of 16 million colors in 24 bit RGB color.

Graphic images are normally not continuous tone (gradients are possible in graphics, but are not seen very often). Graphics are drawings, not photos, and they use relatively few colors, perhaps less than 16 colors in the entire image

Normally the edges in graphics do not use anti-alaising - which would add numerous shades (graphics use high resolution to smooth jaggies instead). Scanners have three modes to create the image: color (for all color work), grayscale (like B&W photos), and lineart. Line art is a special case, only two colors (black or white, with no gray), for example clip art, fax, and of course text. However low resolution line art (like cartoons on the web) is often better as grayscale, to add aliasing to hide the jaggies.

02 Teratai.wma

Audio

Audio is sound within the acoustic range available to humans. An audio frequency (AF) is an electrical alternating current within the 20 to 20,000 hertz (cycles per second) range that can be used to produce acoustic sound.

In computers, audio is the sound system that comes with or can be added to a computer. An audio card contains a special built-in processor and memory for processing audio files and sending them to speakers in the computer. An audio file is a record of captured sound that can be played back.

Sound is a sequence of naturally analog signals that are converted to digital signals by the audio card, using a microchip called an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). When sound is played, the digital signals are sent to the speakers where they are converted back to analog signals that generate varied sound.

Audio (cont)

Audio files are usually compressed for storage or faster transmission. Audio files can be sent in short stand-alone segments - for example, as files in the Wave file format. In order for users to receive sound in real-time for a multimedia effect, listening to music, or in order to take part in an audio or video conference, sound must be delivered as streaming sound. More advanced audio cards support wavetable, or precaptured tables of sound. The most popular audio file format today is MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3)

Animation

A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Cartoons on television is one example of animation. Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presentations. There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display on a computer monitor.Note the difference between animation and video. Whereas video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames, animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion.

Video

the appearance of text and graphics on a video displaytechnology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.

The term video ("video" meaning "I see", from the Latin verb "videre") commonly refers to several storage formats for moving pictures: digital video formats, including Blu-ray Disc, DVD, QuickTime, and MPEG-4; and analog videotapes, including VHS and Betamax. Video can be recorded and transmitted in various physical media: in magnetic tape when recorded as PAL or NTSC electric signals by video cameras, or in MPEG-4 or DV digital media when recorded by digital cameras.Quality of video essentially depends on the capturing method and storage used. Digital television (DTV) is a relatively recent format with higher quality than earlier television formats and has become a standard for television video. (See List of digital television deployments by country.)3D-video, digital video in three dimensions, premiered at the end of 20th century. Six or eight cameras with realtime depth measurement are typically used to capture 3D-video streams. The format of 3D-video is fixed in MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX).

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