Dr. S. M. Condren

Chapter 21

Chemistry of the Metals

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Metallurgy

• the extraction of metals from ores• the preparation of metals for use• the study of the relationship between

structures and properties of metals

Dr. S. M. Condren

Metallurgy

• Pretreatment of Ore• Concentration• Roasting

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Pretreatment of Ore

• crude ore is crushed

Dr. S. M. Condren

Concentration

• floatation

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Roasting

• converting sulfide ore to oxide

2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

2CuS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2CuO(s) + 2SO2(g)

3FeS2(s) + 8O2(g) -----> Fe3O4(s) + 6SO2(g)

Dr. S. M. Condren

Manufacture of Iron and Steel

• Chemistry of blast furnace• Chemistry of basic oxygen furnace

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

iron reductionraw materials

Dr. S. M. Condren

Several Blast Furnaces

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Liquid Iron Pour

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Fe(l) & Slag(l) Pours

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

raw materials:iron orelimestone or limecoke

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnaceiron ore => source of iron

Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, SiO2

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

limestone or lime => flux to remove impurities

CaCO3 or CaO

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

coke => reducing agentC

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g)

coke air

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

CO2 + C ---> 2 CO

coke

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

3 Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) -----> 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g)

iron ore

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) -----> 3FeO(s) + CO2(g)

iron ore

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

FeO(s) + CO(g) -----> Fe(l) + CO2(g)

iron ore pig iron

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

CaCO3(s) + heat -----> CaO(s) + CO2(g)

limestone lime

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

CaO(s) + SiO2(s) -----> CaSiO3(l)

lime sand slag

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Purification of Metals

• Distillation• Electrolysis• Chemical Reactions

Dr. S. M. Condren

Distillation

• mercury

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Electrolysis

• Copper• Aluminum• Sodium

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Production of Copper

Cu2S(l) + O2(g) -----> 2 Cu(l) + SO2(g)

Cu(s) -----> Cu(s)

impure electrolysis pure

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Electrolysis of molten salt

2 NaCl(l) 2 Na(l) + Cl2(g)

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Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace

iron purificationsteel makingraw materials

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace

raw materialspig iron from blast furnacefluxing agent to remove impurititesalloying agents

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace

Removal of excess of carbon

C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g)

impurity air in pig iron

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Electric Furnace

raw materialsscrap ironfluxing agent to remove impurititesalloying agents