“Every second counts”

-Lance Armstrong

Every second does count, even in the smallest time frame but it is indeed very important. It is very necessary to move as fast as you can try not to waste even a second especially in situations where life and death is at stake, particularly on scenarios where the cardiovascular system is involved.

“Knowledge is power, so powerful it can save a life.”

Cardiovascular system is responsible for transport of oxygen, electrolytes, and products of metabolism via the blood to and from tissues.

According to Duffy (2011), the heart is a hollow, muscular organ about the size of a closed fist. It functions as a supplier of blood in the whole body in terms of regulating the blood circulation. Our body is a complex structure, composed of different parts and organs which are all interrelated and that any alterations with just one part equally affect the others and the whole body. So if this part has been affected, the body in general would also be harmed. Cardiovascular disease is only one of the conditions that may harm this organ.Cardiovascular disease is a global public health problem contributing to 30% of global mortality and 10% of the global disease burden. In 2005, from a total of 58 million deaths worldwide, 17 million were due to cardiovascular disease and, among them; 7.6 million were due to coronary heart disease. Sudden cardiac death is one of these cardiovascular diseases. http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/10/04/ije.dyq165.full Int. J. Epidemiol. (2010) doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq165 first published online: October 5, 2010

Sudden cardiac arrest is the sudden, unexpected loss of heart function, breathing and consciousness. Sudden cardiac arrest usually results from an electrical disturbance in your heart that disrupts its pumping action, stopping blood flow to the rest of your body. Sudden cardiac death is the immediate cessation of effective heart activity (Brunner &Suddarths, 2008). According to Black and Hawks (2008), heart attack, which is also known as acute myocardial infarction, is a life-threatening condition that is considered to be the leading cause of death in America and is responsible for an estimated 529,000 deaths annually. Studies indicate that half of all heart attack victims wait more than two hours before getting help which is lethal to one’s health.

Sudden cardiac death accounts for approximately 325,000 deaths per year in the United States; the frequency of sudden cardiac death in Western industrialized nations is similar to that in the United States. The trend toward increasing sudden cardiac death events in developing nations of the world is thought to reflect a change in dietary and lifestyle habits in these nations. It has been estimated that sudden cardiac death claims more than 7,000,000 lives per year worldwide.

Of more than 300,000 deaths attributed to sudden cardiac death in the United States each year, large portions (as many as 40%) are unwitnessed. For most people who experience sudden cardiac death, their survival depends on the presence of individuals who are competent in performing basic life support, the rapid arrival of personnel and apparatus for defibrillation and advanced life support, and transfer to a hospital. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/151907-overview#a0199 Dec 14, 2012,Ali A Sovari, MD, FACP 

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a combination of oral resuscitation (mouth-to-mouth breathing) which supplies oxygen to the lungs, and the external cardiac massage (chest compression) which is intended to reestablish cardiac function and blood circulation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is also referred to as Basic Life Support.

It is vital that all nurses be trained to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation so resuscitation measures can be initiated immediately when cardiac or respiratory arrest occurs. Nurses can also be instructed in increasing community awareness of the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with ensuring its availability. (Berman, Synder, McKinney, 2011)

If this basic life support is that vital and if there’s a must that all nurses should know how this is performed, the researchers wanted to assess the probability of performing this by the family members to their significant others who are at risk for sudden cardiac death.

Through this study, the researchers wanted to assess the following factors that may affect to the willingness of the family members’ significant others in participating in cardiopulmonary training. As a family member, these people should be the one who will show the most interest in participating in such training due to the fact that four out of five cardiac arrests happen at home. As according to American Heart Association, sudden cardiac arrest is a medical emergency and if not treated immediately, it causes sudden cardiac death. With fast, appropriate medical care, survival is possible. Administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can improve the chances of survival until emergency personnel arrive.http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/WhatisCPR/CPRFactsandStats/CPR-Statistics_UCM_307542_Article.jsp

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The researchers would like to assess the willingness of those family members whose relative is at risk for sudden cardiac death and also through this study, their barriers in doing as such would also be identified.

The study will utilize input, process, and output model for the paradigm represented by boxes through an arrow to highlight the connection of each. The paradigm is composed of three boxes of equal dimensions emphasizing that each are of equal importance. The first box represents the input of the study. It consists of the demographic data of the respondents.

The first box connects to the processing of data that is represented by the second box. The process box includes the method that the researchers utilized.

The first box contains the demographic profile of the respondents which are also shown in the statement of the problem. The second box contains the process needed in order to achieve the goals of the study. Third box contains the formulation of instruction guide.

1. Respondent’s profilea. Ageb. Sexc. Civil statusd. Employment statuse. Educational attainmentf. Religious or ethnic

affiliationg. Relationship with the

clients at risk for sudden cardiac death

2 The willingness of the respondents 3 The barriers that may affect the willingness of the respondents in participating tocardiopulmonary resuscitation training

Assessment

Data are obtained by providing a set of questionnaires to each respondent

A Basis for Health Program

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

MAIN PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the willingness and barriers in participating to cardiopulmonary-resuscitation training of family members with high risk group at risk for sudden cardiac death.

SUB-PROBLEMS 1. How may the respondents be described in terms of:

a. Ageb. Sexc. Civil statusd. Employment statuse. Educational attainmentf. Religious or ethnic affiliationg. Relationship with the clients at risk for sudden cardiac death

2. How may the willingness of the respondents be described?3. What are the barriers that may affect the willingness of the respondents in participating

to cardiopulmonary resuscitation training?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

To the DOH That they could conduct cardiopulmonary resuscitation trainings in the future that is based on the study conducted to the significant others of the individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death.

To the Nursing Administration That they would work in cooperation with DOH and would extend whatever the result of the study is.

To the Nursing Practice Analysis, interpretation, and implications of the data gathered will provide an actual and practical understanding of nursing practice by focusing on the resulting strategies for better nursing care management for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

To the Nursing Education That they would render sufficient amount of knowledge to the students so that students would know the significance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation trainings.

To the Student Nurses. That they would apply their knowledge skills, and attitudes to what have been taught inside the four-corners of the classroom and also for them to be equipped enough in case of emergencies.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Nuclear Family- it refers to male and female partners and their children like as an independent unit; sharing roles, responsibilities, and economic resources.

Source: Maternity Nursing 8 th Edition

2010

3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Height, MO

63043 Lowdermilk Perry Cashion

Pg: 12-13

Binuclear Family- it is an alternate form of the traditional nuclear family arrangement that results from divorce. Children of remarried parents then became member of both maternal and paternal nuclear households. In joint custody the courts assign the divorcing parents equal rights to responsibilities for the minor child or children

Source: Maternity Nursing 8 th Edition

2010

3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Height, MO

63043 Lowdermilk Perry Cashion

Pg: 12-13

Reconstituted families/Blended families (those formed as the results of divorce and remarriage)- it consist of unrelated family members (stepparents, stepchildren and stepsiblings) who join together to create a new household.

Source: Maternity Nursing 8 th Edition

2010

3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Height, MO

63043 Lowdermilk Perry Cashion

Pg: 12-13

Extended Family- it refers to a member may be grandparents, aunts or uncles, or other people related by blood.

Source: Maternity Nursing 8 th Edition

2010

3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Height, MO

63043 Lowdermilk Perry Cashion

Pg: 12-13

Single-Parent Family- it is compromise an unmarried biologic or adoptive parent who may or may not be living with other adults. The single-parent family may result form the loss of a spouse by death, divorce, separation or desertion; from either unplanned or planned pregnancy; or from the adoption of a child by an unmarried woman or man.

Source: Maternity Nursing 8 th Edition

2010

3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Height, MO

63043 Lowdermilk Perry Cashion

Pg: 12-13

Homosexual (Lesbian and Gay)- It refers to a family may live together with or without children. Children in homosexual families maybe the offspring of previous heterosexual unions, conceived by one member of a lesbian couple through therapeutic insemination, or adopted.

Source: Maternity Nursing 8 th Edition

2010

3251 Riverport Lane Maryland Height, MO

63043 Lowdermilk Perry Cashion

Pg: 12-13

Age- it is the duration of individual existence measured in units of time.Source: Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 32 nd

Edition

2012 1600 John P. Kennedy Boulevard Street

1800Philadelphia,

PA 19103-2899

Sex it is to determine whether an individual is male or female.>Male- it is an organism of a sex that produces spermatozoa.>Female- it is an individual organism of the sex that bears young

or produces ova or eggsSource: Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 32 nd

Edition 2012

1600 John P. Kennedy Boulevard Street 1800

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

CPR- Cardiopulmonary ResuscitationSource: Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 32 nd

Edition 2012

1600 John P. Kennedy Boulevard Street 1800

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

Barrier- it refers to an obstruction Source: Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 32 nd

Edition 2012

1600 John P. Kennedy Boulevard Street 1800

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899