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Materials IndexASME Section II, B31.1 & B31.3

Eighth Edition on CD-ROM™

CASTI Publishing Inc.10566 - 114 StreetEdmonton, Alberta T5H 3J7 CanadaTel:(780) 424-2552 Fax:(780) 421-1308

E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.casti.ca

CCASTI

CASTI Guidebook to

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.casti.ca

CASTI Guidebook toASME Section II, B31.1 & B31.3 -

Materials Index(Covering the 2001 Edition of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code - Section II Parts A, B & D;

the 2001 Edition of ASME B31.1 - Power Piping Code; and the 2001 Addenda to 1999 Edition ofASME B31.3 - Process Piping Code)

CASTI Guidebook Series - Vol. 1

Richard A. Moen

Executive EditorJohn E. Bringas, P.Eng

Published By:

CCASTI

CASTI Publishing Inc.10566 - 114 Street

Edmonton, Alberta, T5H 3J7, CanadaTel: (780) 424-2552 Fax: (780) 421-1308

E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.casti.ca

ISBN 1-894038-68-1Printed in Canada


http://www.casti.ca

ii

CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section II, B31.1 & B31.3 - Materials Index

National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data

Moen, Richard A. ASME section II. Materials index

(CASTI guidebook series ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISSN 1486-7249

1. Metallic composites--Standards. 2. Boilers--Specifications. 3. Pressure vessels--Specifications. I.American Society of Mechanical Engineers. II. Title. III. Series.TA418.9.C6M63 620.1 CS99-302017-8

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CASTI PUBLICATIONS

CASTI GUIDEBOOK SERIES™

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First printing, April 2002ISBN 1-894038-68-1 Copyright 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002

All rights reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced orused in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying,recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the written permission ofthe publisher.

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FROM THE PUBLISHER

IMPORTANT NOTICE

The material presented herein has been prepared for the general information of the reader andshould not be used or relied upon for specific applications without first securing competent technicaladvice. Nor should it be used as a replacement for current complete engineering codes andstandards. In fact, it is highly recommended that the appropriate current engineering codes andstandards be reviewed in detail prior to any decision-making.

While the material in this book was compiled with great effort and is believed to be technicallycorrect, CASTI Publishing Inc. and its staff do not represent or warrant its suitability for any generalor specific use and assume no liability or responsibility of any kind in connection with theinformation herein.

Nothing in this book shall be construed as a defense against any alleged infringement of letters ofpatents, copyright, or trademark, or as defense against liability for such infringement.

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Our mission at CASTI Publishing Inc. is to provide industry and educational institutions withpractical technical books at low cost. To do so, CASTI publications focus only on timely topics neededto solve current industry problems and are written by respected experts in their fields.

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CASTI Publishing Inc.10566 - 114 StreetEdmonton, Alberta, T5H 3J7, Canadatel: (780) 424-2552, fax: (780) 421-1308E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.casti.ca

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Grammatical editing and layout consulting was performed by Jade DeLang Hart, B.A. Initial dataentry done by Denise Lamy, P.Eng. Revisions done by Michael Ling, E.I.T.

These acknowledgments cannot, however, adequately express the publisher’s appreciation andgratitude for their valued assistance.

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DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to the many colleagues, past and present, who I have had the privilege toserve with on various ASME Boiler and Pressure Code Committees and who have been an inspirationto me for twenty-five years. These include people such as the late Dr. George Smith, the late PaulBrister, Domenic Canonico, Tom Cullen, Bill Leyda, Bill Apblett, Mike Gold and many more. Morerecently, students who use the book have been an inspiration for new subjects to make thisGuidebook even more useful. And to my dear wife, Mary Jo, thank you for the time andencouragement to pursue this “labor of love”. Thank you all.

Richard A. Moen

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PREFACE

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the B31.1/B31.3 Piping Codes are large compilationsof rules and guidance covering numerous types of construction. Those rules pertain to various issueswithin each construction type, encompassing design, materials selection and procurement,fabrication, inspection and testing, overpressure protection, and stamping. There are numerousother subsets of these issues, each having its own degree of complexity. Then there are simply thoseprecautions noted throughout that should be considered. To the novice first-time user of the Code,this is an awesome task, trying to find all the rules and guidelines that apply to a given application.Even to the veteran user of the Code, it is surprising what one finds in other parts of the Code thatcan be of general use elsewhere.

I was a "novice" first-time user of the Code in the late 1960s and, like all others, was overwhelmed bythe complexity, strange terminology, and shear dimension of the Code. As a metallurgical engineer,my primary interest was in materials, but in a broad sense ranging from selection and specificationto properties and environmental effects. And like the typical well organized engineer, I startedmaking my own checklists, indexes, and cross references to ensure that my work would be done inthe most efficient and proficient ways possible.

In 1969, I started what became a long association with the committees that write the Boiler andPressure Vessel Code. Affiliations have included: Task Groups on Materials Behavior, PhysicalProperties, Inspection of Reactor Internal Structures, and Environmental Effects; Subgroups onStrength of Ferrous Alloys and Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (SC III); Subcommittees onSpecifications, Materials, and Nuclear Power; and the Main Committee of the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code. In the mid 1970s, my first materials index found its way into Code committeework. Its primary use was in achieving consistency in the use of nominal composition designationsthroughout the Code. The format of that index led to numerous improvements over the years.During this time, peers started to recognize the usefulness of the index and they encouraged me topublish it so others might also benefit from its many useful features.

The first editions of CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section II – Materials Index concentrated primarilyon the features of the original "Moen Index". Recognizing that materials-support people for Codeconstruction would benefit from additional guidance on materials issues, the 1998 Edition providedadditional help in understanding broader aspects of the Code as well as focusing on the location ofmaterials requirements and guidance within the various Code sections. The 2001 Edition of the“Moen Index” went one step further by extending the scope of the materials index to cover materialsfor Section IV, Section VIII – Div. 3 and B31.1/B31.3 construction. It is my desire to make this theultimate "primer" for anyone dealing with Code materials issues, benefiting everyone from the"novice" to the "veteran."

Richard A. Moen

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1Introduction 1

Historical Perspective 1Materials Index Development 1Nominal Composition Designation 3Index Revision 4

Chapter 2Classification of Materials Used in Code Construction 5

Background 5Ferrous Versus Nonferrous 5Ferrous 6Nonferrous 8Summary 11

Chapter 3Organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code from a Materials Standpoint 13

Scope 13A Brief History of the Code 13Content of the 1998 Edition 14Common Introductory Portions of Code Sections 30Common Appendices Involving Materials 34Other Related Codes 36Summary 36

Chapter 4Organization of the ASME Piping Code from a Materials Standpoint 37

A Brief History of the Piping Code 37Current Scope of the Piping Code 37Scope of B31.1 and B31.3 Codes 38Coverage of Materials in B31.3 40Coverage of Materials in B31.1 46

Chapter 5Organization and the Use of Section II, Part D 53

Scope 53A Brief History of the Development of Section II, Part D 53Structure of Section II, Part D 54Specific Features of Tables 1 and 2 57Specific Features of Tables 3 and 4 67Table U, Tensile Strength Values 67Table U-2, Tensile Strength Values for Section VIII, Div. 3 67Table Y-1, Yield Strength Values 68Table Y-2, Factors for Limiting Permanent Strain 68Table Y-3, Yield Strength Values (for Section VIII, Div. 3) 68Subpart 2, Physical Property Tables 68Subpart 3, Charts and Tables for External Pressure Applications 69Section II, Part D Appendices 69Stress Criteria – Appendices 1 and 2 72Summary 76

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Chapter 6Evolution, Organization and Use of ASME Materials Specifications 77

Scope 77Evolution of ASME Specifications 77Organization of Parts A and B of Section II 78Organization of Typical Specifications 78

Chapter 7Code Alloys By UNS Numbers 85

Aluminum-Base Alloys 86Copper-Base Alloys 87Cast Irons 89AISI and SAE Carbon and Alloy Steels 90AISI and SAE H-Steels 90Cast Steels 90Miscellaneous Steels and Ferrous Alloys 92Nickel Base Alloys 97Special Metals (Co, Ti, Zr) 99Heat and Corrosion Resistant Steels 100

Chapter 8Code Specifications by Nominal Composition & by Common Name 105

ASME General Requirement Specifications 106Code Specifications By Nominal Compositions for Grouped Alloys

Carbon Steels 107Clad Steels 112Cast Irons 112Low Alloy Steels (C-Mo) 112Low Alloy Steels (¹⁄₂ Cr - 1 ¹⁄₄ Cr) 113Low Alloy Steels (1 ³⁄₄ Cr - 3 Cr) 117Low Alloy Steels (5 Cr - 9 Cr) 118Low Alloy Steels (Mn, Mn-Mo, and Si Steels) 120Low Alloy Steels (Nickel Steels) 121High Alloy Steels (Including Stainless Steels) 124Aluminum Base Alloys 147Copper Base Alloys 150Nickel Base Alloys 155Special Alloys (Cobalt-Base) 167Titanium Base Alloys 167Zirconium Base Alloys 173

Chapter 9Ferrous Alloys Specifications by Common Name or Trade Name 175

Chapter 10Nonferrous Alloys Specifications by Common Name or Trade Name 201

Chapter 11Ferrous Materials Specifications by Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Use 227

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Chapter 12Nonferrous Materials Specifications by Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Use 305

Chapter 13Listing of ASTM and API Specifications/Grades for Materials Found in B31.1/B31.3 Stress Tables 365

Part A – Ferrous Alloys 366Part B – Nonferrous Alloys 389

Chapter 14Specification Designations and Titles 413

Ferrous Specification Designations and Titles Listed by Product Form 413Steel Pipe 413Steel Tubes 414Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves and Parts 415Steel Plates, Sheets and Strip for Pressure Vessels 416Structural Steel 417Steel Bars 417Steel Bolting Materials 418Steel Billets and Forgings 418Steel Castings 419Corrosion-Resisting and Heat-Resisting Steels 419Wrought Iron, Cast Iron, and Malleable Iron 421Methods 421

Ferrous Specification Designations and Titles Listed by Numeric Sequence 422Nonferrous Specification Designations & Titles Listed by Alloy Groups and Product Form 428

Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 428Cobalt Alloys 428Copper Alloys 428Nickel Alloys 429Titanium Alloys 432Zirconium Alloys 432

Nonferrous Specification Designations and Titles Listed by Numeric Sequence 433

Appendix 1Unit Conversions Tables 439

Appendix 2Hardness Conversion Tables 443


Chapter

1INTRODUCTION

The Materials Index (Moen Index)

Historical Perspective

The “Moen Index” has evolved over a period of nearly twenty-five years, appearing in various forms.This latest format is keyed to Part D of Section II of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code(B&PVC) with an expanded scope to now cover the use of materials in Section IV, Section VIII –Div. 3, and the B31.1/B31.3 Piping Code. As with earlier versions, the primary reason for developingsuch an index is to assist the various users of the ASME Code with a better understanding of theidentification of materials used in ASME Code construction.

In the mid 1970s, when the author was involved in ASME Code committee work associated withthermophysical properties, it was noted that the four principal sections of the ASME Code (I, III, IV,and VIII) on occasion referred to materials in their individual stress tables by different nominalcomposition designations. Since there was a necessity at that time to tie thermophysical properties tonominal compositions, there was first a need to identify and resolve nominal composition designationdifferences within the Code. That exercise resulted in the first version of the Moen Index.

Once the merits of such a materials index were recognized as a tool for maintaining consistency innominal composition designations, there were logical “next steps” that included the addition ofcorresponding common trade names, ASME Code section usage, minimum specified tensileproperties, and Unified Numbering System (UNS) numbers.

These first few editions of the Moen Index were updated yearly, with significant changes every threeto four years. During those early years, colleagues continuously encouraged the author to publish theMoen Index. In 1994, the first version of this book was assembled and published. The 2001 versioncovered materials used in Section IV and Section VIII, Division 3 construction, as well as B31.1 andB31.3 piping systems. That additional coverage was driven by a need for a more complete depictionof materials used in all boiler, pressure vessel, and piping system construction.

Materials Index Development

The first step in developing the Materials Index is to list all specifications contained in Section II,Part A - Ferrous Specifications and Part B - Nonferrous Specifications, as well as the ASTMspecifications referenced in B31.1 and B31.3 stress tables, showing material grades, types, and/orclasses within each specification. Heat treatment, product form, and size limits are also included. Insome cases for a given material, separate entries are made as a function of size or heat treatmentcondition. Tensile strength requirements are also shown as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) or yieldstrength (YS). Values in ksi (1000 psi) are minimum values unless noted otherwise. For ASME

2 Introduction Chapter 1


specifications, this listing results in the inclusion of materials that are not yet approved for use inCode construction, but are materials simply included in ASTM specifications adopted by ASME.

The second step is to go through each of the stress tables found in Section II, Part D, plus those foundin Section IV, B31.1, B31.3 and the permitted materials lists in Section VIII – Div. 3 and place acheck (√) under each column heading whenever a particular material is found within the stresstables.

Within the boiler and pressure vessel portion of the Materials Index, the Section II, Part D tableheadings are as follows:

Table 1A Section I; Section III, Classes 2 and 3; and Section VIII, Division 1 -Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Ferrous Materials.

Table 1B Section I; Section III, Classes 2 and 3; and Section VIII, Division 1 -Maximum Allowable Stress Values for Nonferrous Materials.

Table 2A Section III, Class 1 and Section VIII, Division 2 - Design Stress IntensityValues for Ferrous Materials.

Table 2B Section III, Class 1 and Section VIII, Division 2 - Design Stress IntensityValues for Nonferrous Materials.

Table 3 Section III, Classes 2 and 3 and Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2 - MaximumAllowable Stress Values for Bolting Materials.

Table 4 Section III, Class 1 and Section VIII, Division 2 - Design Stress IntensityValues for Bolting Materials.

The materials permitted for Section IV construction−Tables HF300 and HLW 300, and Section VIII,Division 3−Tables KCS-1, and KHA-1 and KNF-1 are also covered with separate table headings.

Section II, Part D contains tables of tensile strength, yield strength, thermal expansion, thermalconductivity, thermal diffusivity, and modulus of elasticity, but none of these are specific toparticular ASME Code book sections, with the exception of Tables U-2 and Y-3 which are specific toSection VIII, Division 3. Thus, the Materials Index does not indicate ASME Code usage for thesetables−only what is reflected within the stress tables of Section II, Part D, the stress tables ofSection IV, and the three tables of permitted materials from Section VIII, Division 3.

The third step is to go through Table QW/QB-422 of Section IX, checking whether the materials areassigned welding P-Numbers. If so, the welding P-Numbers are listed under the column headingWeld No./P-Gr.

The fourth step is to review every current Code Case, for both non-nuclear and nuclear construction,to define which materials are covered by these cases. When a case references a new material, thatCode case is identified in the appropriate “Code Case Coverage” column. The goal of the Code is toincorporate the provisions of these cases into the body of the Code as soon as the materials areadequately covered by ASME specifications and adequate use experience is achieved.

The last step is to ensure that nominal compositions are properly identified and uniformly appliedthroughout the specification listing. For those materials not yet described by Unified NumberingSystem numbers within the specifications, ASTM DS56G (Eighth Edition with 1999 update) is used

Chapter 1 Introduction 3


to supplement and correct, if necessary, the ASME Code. Trade names are included whenever theyare known and when the grade or type designation gives little clue as to the real identity. This is allcollectively portrayed in Chapters 11 through 13 of this guide for ferrous and nonferrous materials.Issues surrounding assignment of nominal composition and UNS numbers will be discussed in moredetail in the next subsection of this chapter and in Chapter 5 under Alloy Designation/UNS No.

Another important feature of the Materials Index serves those who have a nominal composition andsimply need to know all of the specifications associated with that composition. The first portion ofChapter 8 is limited to ferrous materials, primarily because these materials are better known bynominal composition than by UNS number. The second portion lists nonferrous alloys by their UNSnumber and then lists the corresponding specifications for those unique materials. For thenonferrous materials, most users are more familiar with UNS designations than with nominalcompositions. Also included in Chapter 8 are general requirements specifications applicable toproducts covered by specifications listed in Chapters 11 through 13.

Chapter 7 of the Materials Index contains an abbreviated cross index, primarily associating UNSnumbers for 10 classes of alloys with their common designation (if it exists). Where specific namesfor steels do not exist, the Materials Index simply provides the applicable specifications. For someferrous materials in the tables where specifications are referenced, only the ASTM designations arelisted, even though ASME specifications exist for most of the materials listed by UNS numbers.

Chapter 14 of the Materials Index lists the ASME Code material specification titles and designationsfound in ASME Section II Parts A and B. This information is first divided into ferrous andnonferrous materials, then is listed by product form, alloy group, and finally by specification numbersequence. Sometimes, knowing the title of a specified material designation can provide the user withvaluable information to deal with the issue at hand.

Nominal Composition Designation

Since the original motivation for the Materials Index was to achieve some consistency in the nominalcomposition of ASME Code materials, it is appropriate at this point to explain how thosecompositions are derived. For ferrous alloys, usually the principal alloying ingredients other thaniron are listed. Note that “usually” is underlined; that means there are cases where alloys have had aparticular nominal composition for twenty-five years or more, which is not totally indicative of theactual composition. With the long term recognition of a material by that nominal composition, thereis now no compelling reason to change. Cast versions of a given wrought product may be assignedthe same nominal composition as the wrought product, even though particular elements may differby one to two percent from the nominal composition of the wrought product. This has caused someconcern, but it was done with a good purpose in mind, namely there was a desire to tie a single set ofthermophysical data to both the wrought and cast materials. Thus a single composition was usuallyselected and it was typically that of the wrought product materials.

In the nickel-base system of alloys, nominal compositions can be long and detailed due to thecomplexity of these alloys. Thus, liberty is taken in showing percentages of only the principlealloying elements, generally not for more than four elements. Throughout the Materials Index, itshould be obvious that there is no absolute system for developing nominal compositions. It is mostlya case of following in the footsteps of those who initially came upon the idea and not deviating veryfar from that “system.”

Development of nominal compositions has never been “standardized” and several committees and/orindividuals within ASTM or ASME committee structures may develop such an identifier. This mayexplain why there may appear to be different approaches for this task. Until there are rules for

4 Introduction Chapter 1


developing nominal composition designations, there will inevitably be differences. The MaterialsIndex will help to achieve some degree of consistency through its various cross-indexes and relativelyclose tie to the Code itself.

Index Revision

The 2002 Materials Index is based on the 2001 Edition of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.The 2002 Materials Index is also based on the 2001 Edition of B31.1, Power Piping, and the 1999Edition/2001 Addenda to B31.3, Process Piping Code. The ASME Codes are revised yearly, thus theMaterials Index, to be fully useful, will match the current ASME Code edition with the most recentaddenda issued and will also be issued yearly. Due to publication timing, the Materials Index willalways show a date differing from the actual ASME Code Edition or Addenda.

Changes to the ASME Code that commonly appear in these new editions or addenda may involve:

1. Addition or deletion of material grades or classes in specifications; or 2. Addition or deletion of specifications/grades/classes to/from stress tables for a given ASME Code

section; or 3. Changes in the minimum specified tensile properties; or

4. Other further restrictions on size, heat treatment, etc.

These will be the primary reasons for revising the Materials Index. There may also be changes inwelding P-Numbers by Section IX, revisions to UNS numbers or there may be new, revised, ordeleted/annulled Code cases.

Lastly, there will simply be editorial errors in the Code or this Index that creep in, no matter howextensive the review. Thus, the author cautions the user that there are no guarantees as to thedegree of completeness or accuracy of the Materials Index. The Index is intended solely as an aide inbetter understanding the materials of ASME Code construction as they are depicted in Section II ofthe ASME Code. The identification of such errors or suggestions for improvements in format or styleshould be forwarded to the author in care of CASTI Publishing Inc.


Chapter

2CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

USED IN CODE CONSTRUCTION

Background

One of the fundamental aspects of each construction Code is materials. Classification of materialsused within B31.1 and B31.3 would seem, at first glance, to be a simple matter of following someinternationally recognized system such as the use of UNS numbers. Unfortunately, the situation isnot that clear and, more unfortunately, there are currently changes underway in the basic schemefor differentiating between ferrous and nonferrous alloys. Within the ferrous alloy grouping, it alsoappears there are different methods of grouping carbon steels, low and intermediate alloy steels andhigh alloy steels. These differences will be compared to what is now used within the listings ofmaterials in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. This will be done without any attempt to concludethat one system is more correct than the other.

Ferrous Versus Nonferrous

Starting in 1993, the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) – the source for most of thespecifications referenced for B31.1 and B31.3 construction – adopted the European definition forwhat constitutes a ferrous material. A ferrous material is now any material which contains moreiron than any single element, having a carbon content generally less than 2%, and containing otherelements. Correspondingly, nonferrous alloys are materials where aluminum, copper, cobalt, nickel,titanium, or zirconium are present in weight percents higher than the amount of iron.

The main area where this is going to present some problem is in the series of nickel-base alloyswhere iron is actually present in amounts greater than the amount of nickel. For those alloys, ASTMis in the process of redesignating those alloys “ferrous alloys” and relocating the grades intocorresponding product ASTM “A” specifications for ferrous materials. This changeover is occurringover a ten-year transitional period; hence, one can expect to see grades such as Alloy 800 (UNSN08800) listed in both ASTM “A” and ASTM “B” specifications for ferrous and nonferrous alloys,respectively.

The following is a listing of materials used in Code construction, where this new definition of ferrousalloys might affect where these materials are placed in the stress tables in the future.

6 Classification of Materials Used in Code Construction Chapter 2


Material Fe vs Ni Content Material Fe vs Ni Content

N08800 42Fe – 33Ni N08904 44Fe – 25NiN08810 42Fe – 33Ni N08926 39Fe – 28NiN08367 46Fe – 24Ni N09926 39Fe – 27NiN08320 43Fe – 26Ni N08700 47Fe – 25Ni

Alloys N08020 and N08031 have essentially identical amounts of iron and nickel, so it is unclear atthis time how the new definition of ferrous alloy will affect these two materials.

Ferrous Alloys

Carbon Steels

Carbon steels are ferrous alloys for which there is no minimum specified content of the elementswhich are normally considered to be alloying elements. These alloying elements are:

chromium niobium tungstencobalt nickel vanadiummolybdenum titanium zirconium

Carbon steels are generally comprised of small amounts of carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur, plus:

• less than 1.65% manganese• less than 0.60% silicon• less than 0.60% copper

Carbon steels can be further subdivided into low, medium, and high carbon steels using the followinglimits:

• Low carbon steels have 0.10 to 0.30% carbon and tend to be non-heat treatable• Medium carbon steels have 0.30 to 0.60% carbon• High carbon steels have carbon levels over 0.60%

Most, if not all, of the carbon steel materials permitted in B31.1 and B31.3 construction have carbonlevels of 0.30% or less, thus are low carbon steels.

In Chapter 5 under Nominal Compositions, the issue of subdividing carbon steels by silicon andmanganese content is addressed. Carbon steels listed in Table A-1 of B31.1 currently are subdividedinto C, C-Si, C-Mn, and C-Mn-Si. These same materials in Table A-1 of B31.3 do not carry thisdistinction. The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in their stress tables of Section II, Part D and thestress tables in Section IV is in the process of reverting back to simply referring to all of thesematerials as “carbon steels”.

Chapter 2 Classification of Materials Used in Code Construction 7


Low and Intermediate Alloys Steels

Alloys steels are iron-base alloys that contain manganese, silicon, and copper in excess of theamounts shown above for carbon steel and have specified ranges or minimums for one or more otheralloying elements, including carbon. Within Tables A-2 of B31.1 and A-1 of B31.3, there is noattempt to distinguish between Low and Intermediate. Some use 5% total alloying elements as thebreak between Low and Intermediate, but from a B31 materials standpoint, the distinction is notreally important.

Examining what is listed now in B31.1 and B31.3 stress tables, under the general heading of Lowand Intermediate Alloy Steels, it shows that 9% chromium – 1% molybdenum is about the highestcombination of alloying elements in these iron-base or ferrous materials.

High Alloy Steels

These materials are commonly thought of as the family of stainless steels and generally containmore than 10% alloying elements. Of the materials listed in Table A-3 of B31.1 or Table A-1 of B31.3,the lowest total alloy content found is for 11Cr-Ti (ASTM A 268 Grade 409) in Table A-1. The nextclosest material is 12Cr-1Al (ASTM A 268 Grade 405) found in Tables A-3 of B31.1 and A-1 of B31.3.

The category of high alloy or stainless steels is subdivided into five generally recognized groupings asfollows:

• Austenitic• Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex)• Ferritic• Martensitic• Precipitation Hardening

Within Table A-3 of B31.3, Stainless Steels are only subdivided into two groupings – austenitic andferritic/martensitic. Table A-1 of B31.1 lists all of these high alloy steels as simply “Stainless Steels”.

Austenitic stainless steels possess a face-centered cubic structure and are hardenable only by coldworking. Common examples of austenitic grades include 304SS, 316SS, 321SS and 347SS. Thesegrades are moderately strong (75 ksi UTS and 30 ksi YS) and are nonmagnetic in the solution heattreated condition.

Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex) stainless steels contain a mixture of austenitic and ferritic structures,with at least one-fourth of the lesser phase. These materials are hardenable only by cold working. Assupplied, these materials are moderately strong (100 – 130 ksi UTS and 70 – 90 ksi YS). Due to thepresence of ferrite, they tend to be moderately magnetic. Examples of these materials include:

• SAE 2304 – UNS S39230• Zeron 100 – UNS S39276• 7Mo Plus – UNS S39295



At this time, there appears to be little, if any, use of these duplex stainless steel materials in B31.1or B31.3 construction.

Ferritic stainless steels are body-centered cubic in structure (with little, if any, temperedmartensite) and hardenable only slightly by cold working (responding little or only slightly toconventional heat treatment by quenching and tempering). Common examples include:

• S40900 – 409SS• S43000 – 430SS• S44627 – XM-27

Martensitic stainless steels have a distorted body-centered cubic structure produced byconventional heat treating and quenching, with followup tempering used to achieve specific strengthlevels. Martensitic grades may be provided in the annealed (ferritic) condition or in the quenchedand tempered (martensitic) condition. Common examples are:

• S41600 or 416SS• S41000 or 410SS• S40300 or 403SS

Precipitation-Hardened stainless steels are generally either austenitic or martensitic in structureand are hardenable by heating at some intermediate temperature to selectively precipitate out in thegrain structure one or more phase. Usually, lower precipitation temperatures (900 – 1000°F) resultin higher strengths, with higher precipitation temperatures (1050 – 1150°F) resulting in lowerstrengths. Common examples of these alloys are:

• S17400 – 17-4PH SS• S13800 – XM-13• S44500 – XM-25

Again, it appears that there is little, if any, use of these precipitation-hardened stainless steels perthe stress tables in B31.1 and B31.3.

Nonferrous Alloys

Nonferrous alloys shown in Section II, Part D stress tables 1B and 2B, and in B31.1 and B31.3 stresstables are limited to aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, titanium and zirconium-base alloys. All of thealloys listed under each of these categories (with the exception of some of the current NXXXXX alloysmentioned earlier in this Chapter) contain more of the principle alloying element than the elementiron. The following is a brief overview of the alloys comprising each of these groupings, starting withaluminum.



Aluminum-Base Alloys

Either the aluminum grade designation found in the stress tables or the last four digits of the UNSnumbers assigned to various grades of aluminum alloys reveal much about the basic composition ofthe alloys.

For wrought aluminum products, the “system” works as follows:

1XXX – 99.00% aluminum2XXX – copper added3XXX – manganese added4XXX – silicon added5XXX – magnesium added6XXX – magnesium and silicon added7XXX – zinc added8XXX – other elements added

Three cast grades are commonly used in Code construction. Their chemical makeup is as follows:

204.0 or UNS A02040 – copper added443.0 or UNS A24430 – silicon added (4XX.X)356.0 or UNS A03560 – silicon with added copper and/or magnesium (3XX.X)

Stress tables in the various ASME Codes tend to list aluminum alloys by increasing UNS numbers,but some Codes may first differentiate by product form and then by increasing UNS number withinthose subdivisions. New adopted "SB" versions of most ASTM specifications for aluminum alloysnow list all materials, rather than just those used in Code construction. Until such time that thereis a real interest in using these new mterials, they will only appear in Chapter 7 where their UNSnumbers are listed.

Cobalt-Base Alloys

The 2001 Edition of Section II, Part B, included for the first time, two specifications for differentproduct forms of a single cobalt-base alloy, R31233. Alloy R30556 is not listed as a cobalt-base alloy,but it does contain about 18% cobalt.

Copper-Base Alloys

Code stress tables identify copper alloys by their assigned UNS number and arrange the listings byincreasing UNS number within a given product form heading or simply by increasing UNS number.Table A-1 uses, in addition to UNS numbers, the older, more commonly recognized, common names,such as “Composition Bronze” for C83600 and “Leaded Naval Brass” for C48500.

There is a scheme or logic to the copper alloy identification system; the most recent version appearedin ASM’s “Advanced Materials and Processes”, December 1999.



The following is the generic classification for wrought copper alloys.

UNS No. Range Generic Names Composition

C10100 – C15760 Coppers, essentially pure > 99% CuC16200 – C19600 High-copper alloys > 96% CuC20500 – C28580 Brasses Cu-ZnC31200 – C38590 Leaded brasses Cu-Zn-PbC40400 – C49080 Tin brasses Cu-Zn-Sn-PbC50100 – C52400 Phosphor bronzes Cu-Sn-PC53200 – C54800 Leaded phosphor bronzes Cu-Sn-Pb-PC55180 – C55284 Copper-phosphorous and Copper-silver-

phosphorous alloysCu-P-Ag

C60600 – C64400 Aluminum bronzes Cu-Al-Ni-Fe-Si-SnC64700 – C66100 Silicon bronzes Cu-Si-SnC66400 – C69900 Other copper-zinc alloys ---C70000 – C79900 Copper-nickel alloys Cu-Ni-FeC73200 – C79900 Nickel-silver alloys Cu-Ni-Zn

Cast copper alloys are restricted to C8XXXX and C9XXXX designations as follows:

UNS No. Range Generic Names Composition

C80100 – C81100 Coppers > 99% CuC81300 – C82800 High-copper alloys > 94% CuC83300 – C85800 Red and leaded red brasses Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb

(75 – 89% Cu)C85200 – C85800 Yellow and leaded yellow brasses Cu-Zn-Sn-Pb

(57 – 74% Cu)C86100 – C86800 Manganese bronzes and leaded

manganese bronzesCu-Zn-Mn-Fe-Pb

C87300 – C87900 Silicon bronzes, silicon brasses Cu-Zn-SiC90200 – C94500 Tin bronzes and leaded tin bronzes Cu-Sn-Zn-PbC94700 – C94900 Nickel-tin bronzes Cu-Ni-Sn-Zn-PbC95200 – C95810 Aluminum bronzes Cu-Al-Fe-NiC96200 – C96800 Copper-nickels Cu-Ni-FeC97300 – C97800 Nickel silvers Cu-Ni-Zn-Pb-SnC98200 – C98800 Leader coppers Cu-PbC99300 – C99750 Special cast copper alloys ---

The hazard in citing this American Society for Materials (ASM) reference is that several of thecommon names for copper alloys found in B31.3’s Table A-1 may not totally agree with these genericnames. Fortunately, the generic or common name does not control the alloy identity. Thus, anydiscrepancies are only minor nuisances to be resolved in time.



Nickel-Base Alloys

Nickel-base alloys listed in Table A-4 of B31.1 and Table A-1 of B31.3 use both the more modernUNS number and the older nominal composition-type of identifier for each nickel alloy. None of thenominal composition-type designations contain the quantitative values for each element found in thevarious Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code stress tables for the nominal compositions of comparablealloys. Before UNS numbers were used, it was extremely difficult to figure out the actual identity forsomething identified only as “Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu” (which happens to be Alloy 825 or UNS N08825). Asdiscussed earlier in this Chapter, some of the alloys now identified as nickel-base alloys willeventually be re-designated ferrous alloys and eventually moved to new locations in stress tables.

Titanium-Base Alloys

Titanium-base alloys are categorized into the following groupings:

• Commercially pure titanium• Alpha alloys• Near-alpha alloys• Alpha-beta alloys• Beta alloys

All of the currently used titanium alloys in Code construction fall under the first categorization –commercially pure titanium, but many new grades of titanium are being added to specifications andmay eventually find their way into Code construction.

Zirconium-Base Alloys

There are only two grades of zirconium-base alloys that have assigned stresses for Code construction.The first is Grade R60702 which is essentially commercially pure zirconium and the second is GradeR60705 which has a nominal 2.5% niobium added to impart a higher strength than available withGrade R60702.

Summary

Much of what has been presented in this Chapter will be helpful to those specifying materials for usein various Codes. It may also help in realizing some of the difference in Code stress tables.


Chapter

3ORGANIZATION OF THE

ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODEFROM A MATERIALS STANDPOINT

The “heart” of the CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section II, B31.3 & B31.3 is the tabulation of ferrousand nonferrous materials specifications by Code section use. However, this Index is only part of thestory with respect to Section II and Code materials in general. The focus of this guide is also on howSection II relates to the rest of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, how Section II - Part D isorganized, and on some of the common metallurgical issues and terms encountered in thespecifications conveyed in Section II, Parts A and B.

The word Code in this portion of the guide refers to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (seeGeneral Overview of the Code for a list of the Code Sections.) Construction book committees refers toSC I, SC III, SC IV, SC VIII, and SC X (where SC is the abbreviation for Subcommittee). Servicebook committees refers to SC II, SC V, and SC IX who provide service to all construction bookcommittees. All of these Subcommittees are responsible for Code books (or Code Sections) coveringthe specific subject areas.

Scope

Section II is an integral part of the 11 section ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, hereafterreferred to simply as the Code. This chapter focuses on how Section II interacts with the rest of theCode, and other related Codes. Important features common to all or most Code sections arediscussed. Presentations focus on the “materials person” who should be an integral part of anyengineering task. This materials person may be an experienced metallurgical or materials engineerwhose role is to provide expert guidance on materials issues, or it may simply be an engineer ofanother discipline who assumes the broader role of a materials specialist, along with his/her otherareas of expertise. The current trends within industry, and practice of engineering in particular,have underscored the need to broaden the skill base and become even more versatile. This MaterialsIndex is evolving with this trend in mind.

A Brief History of the Code

A series of tragedies in the late 1800s and early 1900s precipitated what would become the first set ofsteam boiler construction rules. During a 14 year period between 1889 and 1903, approximately 1,200people were killed in 1,600 boiler explosions in the United States. First recognizing a way to halt thistragic loss of life was the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In 1907, it enacted the first set of steam

14 Organization of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code from a Materials Standpoint Chapter 3


boiler construction rules, all of which were conveyed in just three pages. Four years later in 1911, NewYork and Ohio published similar boiler construction laws. By 1920, nine other states had followed suit.

Each state had developed slightly different rules, however. For a manufacturer who desired tomarket a standard boiler in all states, this presented a severe hardship. Recognizing thisunfavorable situation in 1911, the American Society for Mechanical Engineers Council appointed acommittee to formulate standard specifications for the construction of steam boilers and otherpressure vessels. The Council was also concerned about the care of boilers in service. The firstpublished version of the ASME Code appeared in 1914, covering power and heating boilers. By 1937,nine sections had been issued covering procedures for all phases of fabrication, materials selection,maintenance, and inspection of pressure vessels.

The late 1940s brought about newer design methods and advances in materials technology. In theearly 1950s, the Code committee completed a comprehensive review of stress tables. Later in thatdecade, demands for higher temperatures and pressures pushed the envelope into the regime wherecreep considerations became significant. Within a few years, particularly in the case of Grade 321stainless steel, failures began to appear, indicating a need to reevaluate the bases for setting stresses.These events led to a renewed emphasis on materials testing. An important step was taken in 1966with formation of the Metals Properties Council. This organization worked closely with the Codecommittee to improve the databases and the analytical processes used to set Code allowable stresses.As the Code takes on a more international “flavor”, a major step was taken in 1998 to reduce thefactor on tensile strength used in deriving allowable stresses for Sections I, III (Classes 2 and 3) andVIII – Div. 1 vessels. This step aligns the ASME B & PV Code with comparable European codes.

The problem of state-specific boiler codes was gradually rectified as states began to adopt the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Today, the Code has been adopted by nearly every state in Americaand all 10 provinces in Canada, and is now well on the way to become a truly international Code.

A more complete history of the development of rules for construction of boilers appears in a three partarticle in Power Engineering, Vol. 100, No. 2, February 1996 (pp 15 - 30). These articles providefurther insight into the involvement of the American Boiler Manufacturers Association (ABMA),ASME, and the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors (NBBI).

Content of the 2001 Code Edition

Today’s Code (the 2001 Edition) is made up of the following sections:

Section Title No. Pages

I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers 267II Part A - Ferrous Materials Specifications

Part B - Nonferrous Materials SpecificationsPart C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler MetalsPart D - Properties

1475998732789

III Division 1 - Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant ComponentsDivision 2 - Code for Concrete Reactor Vessels and ContainmentsDivision 3 - Containment Systems and Transport Packagings forSpent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste

2153233194

IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers 258V Nondestructive Examination 659VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers 94

Chapter 3 Organization of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code from a Materials Standpoint 15


Section Title (Continued) No. Pages

VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers 145VIII Division 1 - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Division 2 - Alternative Rules for Construction of Pressure VesselsDivision 3 - Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels

668478291

IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications 278X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels 240XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components 716

Code Cases for Boilers and Pressure Vessels (Nonnuclear) 535Code Cases for Nuclear Components

Total Pages: 114912,352

No attempt will be made to update this page tally for each new addenda−it is shown here to simplyillustrate the general magnitude of the Code. This is quite a change from the three page Code thatfirst appeared in 1914! This phenomenal growth has been driven mostly by technological advances inmaterials, testing, inspection, design and analysis methodology, fabrication, and overpressureprotection, as well as demands for rules covering new service conditions.

Sections II, V, and IX are “service sections” providing rules and guidance for both nonnuclear andnuclear construction. These sections constitute 4,931 pages or 40% of the 12,352 total pages in theCode. Rules for nonnuclear components (Sections I, IV, VI, VII, VIII, X, and their Code cases) involve2976 pages or 24%. The remainder of the Code covers nuclear construction (Sections III, XI, andCode cases) with a total of 4,445 pages or about 36% of the Code. Section II alone, with 3,994 pages,represents 32% of the entire Code. If the additional pages related to materials requirements from thevarious construction Codes (I, III, IV, VIII and X), the percentage of the Boiler and Pressure Vesseldevoted to materials approaches the mid-forty percent range.

Constructing a component in accordance with Code rules requires, first, a basic decision on whichcategory of rules apply. General categories are:

• power boilers (fired),• heating boilers,• unfired pressure vessels,• nuclear systems, or• fiber-reinforced plastic pressure vessels.

One important issue to understand is that each category has unique materials requirements for thattype of construction. Within each of the governing Code books are additional factors that must beaddressed as the design, fabrication, testing, inspection, and installation processes progress. Thefollowing outlines show the organization of the various Code sections with particular emphasis onmaterials requirements. These outlines may serve as checklists or quick references for the materialsspecialist in Code construction.

Section I - Power Boilers

Part PG - General Requirements for Power Boilers and High Pressure, High Temperature Water BoilersGeneralMaterials

PG-5 GeneralPG-6 PlatePG-7 ForgingsPG-8 Castings

16 Organization of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code from a Materials Standpoint Chapter 3


Part PG - General Requirements for Power Boilers and High Pressure, High Temperature WaterBoilers (Continued)

PG-9 Pipes, Tubes and Pressure Containing PartsPG-10 Material Identified with or Produced to a Specification Not Permitted by This Section,

and Material Not Fully IdentifiedPG-11 Miscellaneous Pressure PartsPG-12 Gage Glass Body and Connector MaterialsPG-13 Stays

DesignOpeningsBoiler External Piping and Boiler Proper ConnectionsDesign and ApplicationSafety Valves and Safety Relief ValvesFabrication

PG-75 GeneralPG-76 Cutting Plates and Other StockPG-77 Plate IdentificationPG-78 Repairs of Defects in MaterialsPG-79 Tube Holes and EndsPG-80 Permissible Out-of-Roundness of Cylindrical ShellsPG-81 Tolerance for Formed HeadsPG-82 Holes for Stays

Inspection and TestsCertification by Stamping and Data Reports

Part PW - Boilers and Components Fabricated by Welding (meeting general requirements - Part PG)GeneralMaterials (PW-5)DesignFabricationInspection and Tests

Part PWT - Watertube Boilers (meeting general requirements of Part PG)GeneralMaterials (PWT-5)Design

Part PFT - Firetube Boilers (meeting general requirements of Part PG)GeneralDesignMaterials (PFT-5)Combustion Chambers and FurnacesStayed SurfacesDoors and OpeningsDomesSettingPiping, Fittings, and Appliances

Part PMB - Miniature Boilers (meeting general requirements of Part PG)GeneralMaterials (PMB-5)Design


Chapter

4ORGANIZATION OF THE ASME PIPING CODE

FROM A MATERIALS STANDPOINT

A Brief History of the Piping Code

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 1926 initiated Project B31 via theAmerican Standards Association to develop a set of standard rules for pressure piping. The first setof rules eventually was published in 1935 as the American Tentative Standard Code for PressurePiping. These rules eventually became the American Standard Code for Pressure Piping, ASA B31.1and remained as such through 1955. It was at this time in the history of the piping Code that adecision was made to develop separate sets of rules for specific types of pressure piping.

The first set of industry-specific piping rules was for Gas Transportation and Distribution PipingSystem, ASA B31.8 and it was published in 1955. The first rules for Petroleum Refinery Piping, ASAB31.3 were published in 1959, with following revisions in 1962 and 1966. By 1969, these ASAStandards became American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the committee responsible forthe Piping Code became ANSI B31 Committee. The next revision of B31.3 was designatedANSI B31.3 – 1973, with addenda through 1975.

In 1974, rules for Chemical Plant Piping were nearing completion as a new Section B31.6. Ratherthan publish two closely related sets of rules, a decision was made to combine those rules with thosefor Petroleum Refinery Piping. The combined set of rules became known as Chemical Plant andPetroleum Refinery Piping and was designated ANSI B31.3 – 1976. A similar merger step occurredin 1981 as Committee B31.10 completed draft rules for Cryogenic Piping. These too were merged intoB31.3 and appeared in ANSI/ASME B31.3 – 1984. The title of B31.3 eventually became simplyProcess Piping.

Current Scope of Piping Code

There are currently seven sections of the B31 Piping Code, each covering specific industry needs. Thefollowing is a summary of the titles and scopes of these seven sections.

B31.1, Power Piping: These rules cover piping found in electric power generating stations,industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heatingand cooling systems.

38 Organization of the ASME Piping Code from a Materials Standpoint Chapter 4


B31.3, Process Piping: These rules cover piping found in petroleum refineries, chemical,pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants, and related processingplants and terminals.

B31.4, Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids:These rules cover piping for the transporting of products, which are predominately liquid,between plants and terminals and within terminals, pumping, regulating and metering stations.

B31.5, Refrigeration Piping: These rules cover piping for refrigerants and secondary coolants.

B31.8, Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping: These rules cover piping fortransporting products which are predominately gas, between sources and terminals, includingcompressor, regulating and metering stations, and gas gathering pipelines.

B31.9, Building Services Piping: These rules cover piping for industrial, institutional,commercial, and public buildings, and in multi-unit residence applications which do not requirethe range of sizes, pressures, and temperatures covered in B31.1.

B31.11, Slurry Transportation Piping Systems: These rules cover piping for transportingaqueous slurries between plants and terminals, and within terminals, pumping, and regulatingstations.

Obviously, there are missing numbers in the current sequence of seven Piping Code Sections. As wasmentioned earlier under A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PIPING CODE, Sections 6 and 10 of the B31Code were merged into B31.3 before they were ever published. There were also rules for piping fornuclear power plants (B31.7), but these were merged directly into Section III of the Boiler andPressure Vessel Code, Nuclear Components.

Scope of B31.1 and B31.3 Codes

The type of industrial use for both B31.1 and B31.3 piping was briefly discussed under CURRENTSCOPE OF PIPING CODE. The following is a more detailed look at the scope of coverage for each ofthese Codes:

B31.1, Power Piping

The first sentence of Paragraph 100.1.1 of B31.1 reads: “This Code prescribes requirements forthe design, materials, fabrication, erection, test, and inspection of power and auxiliary servicepiping systems for electric generation stations, industrial and institutional plants, central anddistrict heating plants, and district heating systems, except as limited by Paragraph 100.1.3”.The term “piping” in this Code includes pipe, flanges, bolting, gaskets, valves, relief devices,fittings, and other pressure-containing portions of the system. Hangers and supports are alsoincluded, as well as any other equipment deemed necessary to prevent overstressing thepressure containing components.


Chapter

5ORGANIZATION AND THE USE OF

SECTION II, PART D

There is a near-symbiotic association between the “heart” of this CASTI Guidebook toASME Section II, B31.1 & B31.3 and Section II, Part D. Each has influenced the other as theyprogressed to their current forms. The evolution of both spanned a time period of nearly 20 years,which lends support to the adage that “good things take time.” Unfortunately, the publication ofSection II, Part D represented a somewhat controversial departure from an older, well establishedway of conveying allowable stresses and properties of Code materials. Some of the confusionsurrounding use of this “new” approach is addressed by this chapter, and many of the questions willbe answered and misunderstandings dispelled.

Scope

Section II, Part D is now the focal point for allowable stresses and properties for those materialspermitted in Section I, III and VIII (Divisions 1, 2, and 3) construction. This chapter delves into thedevelopment of Section II, Part D, its organization, use of the many stress and property tables, externalpressure charts, associated appendices, and current efforts to adopt non-ASTM (international)specifications. It also provides additional useful information on materials behavior. As frequentlysuggested in Chapter 1, much of this information in Section II, Part D may be valuable in otherengineering assignments. So, becoming knowledgeable with its organization and use is a MUST.

A Brief History of the Development of Section II, Part D

This author wrote a letter on October 5, 1979 to the Chairman of Subcommittee on Properties (as itwas called at that time, before it was combined with the Subcommittee on Specifications to becomethe current Subcommittee on Materials), proposing that there be an “attempt to combine stress tableswithin a separate Code book.” It was further suggested at that time that other minimum andnominal properties and other materials characteristics, that are independent of Code application, beincluded as well. The arguments cited were that it would be a “quality control system to ensureconsistency” and that it would eliminate a lot of duplicate pages, common to numerous Code sections.This letter also recognized “how this approach could uncover minor (and perhaps major)discrepancies in stress listings.” The gestation period for this idea was about five years, culminatingin early 1985 with a move to resurrect a Task Group on Tabulation of Allowable Stresses andMaterials Properties. The ambitious goal of publishing a new document in the 1986 Edition of theCode was obviously not met, but the wheels of motion were moving forward.

Michael Gold, current chairman of the Subcommittee on Materials, presented a paper at the 1995ASME Pressure Vessel and Piping meeting, in Honolulu, Hawaii in June 1995, entitled “Section II,Part D and Adoption of Foreign Materials.” The balance of this historical recap uses portions of

54 Organization and the Use of Section II, Part D Chapter 5


Mr. Gold’s paper and is updated to cover the time since that paper was authored. Section II, Part Dfirst appeared in the 1992 Edition of the Code, combining into one book, as suggested earlier, designstress values and materials property values previously published in Sections I, III, and VIII(Divisions 1 and 2). The stated purpose for publishing the information in a single volume for usewith the respective sections was to ensure consistency of design values. This was essential sincecriteria used to develop the values and the data bases upon which values were based were identical.

The first version of Section II, Part D was nothing more than an editorial reformatting of informationthat existed in the four targeted Code sections. No attempts were made at that time to correctdiscrepancies that would now be painfully obvious. Over the next three years, concerted efforts wereexpended to eliminate the many inconsistencies that became evident not only in stress values, but innotes, nomenclature, and use temperatures. Corrections then allowed the merging of many stresslines, and that reduced the size of Section II, Part D.

The 1995 Edition of Section II, Part D was a “slimmed down” version with a new note system, furthersimplifying the stress tables. Also making the stress tables more user friendly was the numbering oflines to follow stress lines and associated information from one page to the next one, two, or threepages. Efforts will continue to further improve the quality of stresses and material properties asbetter data become available.

Structure of Section II, Part D

The Michael Gold paper cited earlier also provided an excellent description of the organizationalstructure of Section II, Part D. This write-up was based on “A Users Guide to BPV Section IIMaterials, Part D Properties: 1992 Addenda”, written by G. M. Eisenberg, at that time Secretary forthe B&PVC Main Committee. The following was taken verbatim from Mr. Gold’s paper, withpermission from ASME.

BASIC ORGANIZATION

The organization and structure of Section II, Part D, has been described thoroughlyby G. M. Eisenberg (1992), in the User Guide to BPV Section II, Materials, Part DProperties: 1992 Edition, which was published as part of the 1992 Addenda update toSection II, Part D. Because that User Guide did not have page numbers, even currentusers of the Code may have lost track of it by now, so much of the informationdeveloped by Eisenberg has also been included here.

Section II, Part D, is divided into Subparts, followed by Appendices. These aredescribed below.

Subpart 1: Stress Tables

Grouping by Criteria

The individual tables in Subpart 1 include values for materials, based on commonstress criteria. For materials other than bolting, Tables 1A (Ferrous) and Table 1B(Non-Ferrous) contain maximum allowable stress values, based on the criteria thathave been adopted for use in: Section I; Section III, Class 2 and 3; and Section VIII,Division 1. Tables 2A (Ferrous) and 2B (Non-Ferrous) contain design stress intensityvalues based on the criteria used for Section III, Class 1, and Section VIII, Division 2.

Chapter 5 Organization and the Use of Section II, Part D 55


For bolting materials, Table 3 contains allowable stress values based on the criteriaused in: Section VIII, Division 1; Section VIII, Division 2, according to the rules ofAppendix 3 of Division 2; and Section III, Class 2 and 3. Table 4 contains designstress intensity values for bolting based on the criteria used for: Section VIII, Division2; according to the rules of Appendices 4, 5, and 6, of Division 2; and thoseconstructed according to the rules of Section III, Class 1. Table U contains tensilestrength values for ferrous and nonferrous materials, previously contained only inSection III. Table Y-1 contains the yield strength values for ferrous and nonferrousmaterials previously contained in Sections I, III, and VIII, Division 2. Table Y-2contains factors for limiting permanent strain for nickel, high nickel alloys, and highalloy steels from data previously contained in Sections III, and VIII, Division 2.Tables U-2 and Y-3 contain ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values,respectively, for additional materials used in Section VIII, Division 3 construction.

Ordering of Listing

The sorting order for materials, as they are listed in the tables, differs between Tables1A and 1B. This difference persists in the other tables, as well, for ferrous andnonferrous materials, respectively. In Tables 1A and 2A, and the portions of Tables 3,4, U, and Y-1 containing ferrous materials, the underlying sorting sequence in orderof priority, is: nominal composition, tensile strength ST, yield strength SY,specification number, and grade or type. Two variables to this ordering are worthmentioning: There is no distinction made among the carbon steels on the basis ofnominal compositions shown as C, C-Si, C-Mn, and C-Mn-Si. These were all treatedas being identical carbon steels, with regard to nominal compositions, and wereplaced at the beginning of the table. In fact, those distinctions in NominalComposition for carbon steels have now been eliminated from Code stress tables andthose materials all are described simply as “C Steels.” Micro-alloyed carbon steelswill still retain their original distinction even though the reported thermophysicalproperties for carbon steels also are appropriate for these micro-alloyed carbon steels.The ordering of the carbon steels in stress tables begins with the tensile strength asthe primary discriminator. Further, the austenitic stainless steels, those withchromium contents between 16 and 25, were separated from the ferritic steels andplaced after them.

In Tables 1B, 2B, and the portions of Tables 3, 4, U, and Y-1 containing thenonferrous materials, the sorting priority is somewhat different: alloy/UNS number(alpha-numeric), tensile strength ST, yield strength SY, class/condition/temper, andspecification number. Nominal compositions are not included as a sorting priority forthe nonferrous materials. In fact, nominal compositions are not listed for thealuminum and copper alloys, because of the many different variations of nominalcompositions available in different systems for these materials. For all nonferrousmaterials, the primary ordering sequence is based on the more unique UNS numbersthat have been assigned to each grade.

Other Information in Tables

In addition to providing columns for the materials and the criteria by which they aresorted, and, of course, the design values, other information is provided in the stresstables: This includes nominal composition (for the other nonferrous materials),product form (e.g. tube, pipe, plate, etc.), specification number, type or grade, alloydesignation or UNS number, class/condition/ temper, size/thickness, welding


Chapter

6EVOLUTION, ORGANIZATION AND USE

OF ASME MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS

This chapter is intended for users who are new to materials specifications or to comprehensivecollections such Section II, Parts A, B, and C of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Itincludes basic information on how the Code specifications were developed and how they should beused. Much of what is discussed will be applicable to the ASTM specifications used with the B31.1and B31.3 Piping Codes.

Scope

ASME Code specifications cover ferrous, nonferrous, and weld filler materials. This chapter concentrateson the ferrous and nonferrous materials covered by specifications in Parts A and B, respectively, ofSection II. Welding filler metals are already covered in a companion book, CASTI Metals Blue Book -Welding Filler Metals, and to a lesser extent in the recently published CASTI Guidebook to ASME SectionIX - Welding Qualifications, both published by CASTI Publishing Inc.

Evolution of ASME Specifications

ASME materials specifications are currently based on ASTM materials specifications that have beenreviewed and approved by the various Code committees as being suitable for Code construction.Suitability is generally determined by a set of chemical composition requirements and well definedmechanical property requirements. When such specifications are not suitable, there is obviouspressure for ASTM to make the necessary changes to make their standards more acceptable. Thisclose association between ASTM and the ASME Code has been going on since the 1920s or about 75years. An article by Michael Gold in the January 1996 issue of ASTM Standardization News,entitled “ASTM and ASME: Partners in Materials Specifications” expounds on the role of ASTMstandards for metals in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The article covers very clearlythe exhaustive review and approval process required by both organizations.

The Foreword to the various Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code sections also contains informationrelative to the evolution of ASME materials specifications. Excerpts follow:

“Revisions to material specifications are originated by the American Society for Testingand Materials (ASTM) and other recognized national or international organizations,and are usually adopted by ASME. However, those revisions may or may not have anyeffect on the suitability of material, produced to earlier editions of specifications, for usein ASME construction. ASME material specifications approved for use in eachconstruction Code are listed in the Appendices of Section II, Parts A and B. TheseAppendices list, for each specification, the latest edition adopted by ASME, and earlierand later editions considered by ASME to be identical for ASME construction.”

78 Evolution, Organization and Use of ASME Materials Specifications Chapter 6


The words “other recognized national or international organizations” (in the context of standards thatmight be adopted as ASME specifications) in the above excerpt are recent additions to the Foreword.They reflect a recent policy decision by the ASME Code Committee to remove impediments to greateruse of the ASME Code overseas. Appearing at the end of the Chapter 11 table are the first non-ASTM Standards for ferrous alloys adopted for Code construction.

Organization of Parts A and B of Section II

The organization of Parts A and B of Section II has already been defined in Chapter 2. Listings ofspecifications found within these two books are found in Chapter 14 of this Guidebook. The listingalso shows the ASTM counterparts of the ASME specifications as well as including separate listingsof ASTM specifications when there are no ASME counterparts. Each of these specifications coversone or more product forms and anything from one to 90 or more different material grades. This willbecome obvious in Chapters 11 and 12 for ferrous and nonferrous materials. Parts A and B alsocontain numerous general requirement specifications listed at the beginning of Chapter 8.

Organization of Typical Specifications

In dealing with a well established set of national standards, the first expectation would be that acommon, consistent format would be used in all material specifications. Unfortunately, that is notthe case. Nearly every ASME specification (which is based on an ASTM specification) has a slightlydifferent format. So, rather than attempt to describe some hypothetical ideal common specificationformat, discussions will center around the more common features. Since almost all start with a scopestatement, reference documents, and ordering information, the ensuing discussion covers thosesubjects first and then touches on other subjects, not necessarily in the order they appear in anyparticular specification. A review of both Parts A and B of Section II suggest that this approach willapply equally to both ferrous and nonferrous material specifications.

Scope

The scope statement contains very important information, generally dealing with application intentionsor limits not fully conveyed in the title of the specification. ASME SA-620 provides a good example.

Title: Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Drawing Quality, Special Killed, Cold-Rolled

Scope: This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel sheet of drawing quality,special killed, in coils or cut lengths.

This material is intended for fabricating identified parts where particularlysevere drawing or forming may be involved or essential freedom from aging isrequired.

The second sentence of this scope statement defines quite clearly where material of this type shouldbe used.


Chapter

7CODE ALLOYS BY UNS NUMBERS

Unified Numbering System (UNS) numbers are now used quite extensively within the Boiler andPressure Vessel Code and the B31.1/B31.3 Codes. The UNS numbers are not now listed or used byeither B31.1 or B31.3 Codes for carbon steel, low and intermediate alloy steels or titanium alloys.Use of these numbers is not particularly crucial unless the parent specification identifies a particularmaterial or grade only by the UNS number.

Use of UNS numbers is becoming a more common practice within the specification – writingorganizations, thus there is increasing use within Codes that reference those specifications in theirlists of acceptable materials (the stress tables). The key element of this Chapter will be a listing ofthe UNS numbers associated with materials used in the types of Code construction described above.

Alloys used in ASME Code construction are divided into 10 groupings of alloy types, as depictedbelow:

• AXXXXX Aluminum-base alloys

• CXXXXX Copper-base alloys

• FXXXXX Cast iron alloys

• GXXXXX AISI and SAE carbon and alloys steels

• HXXXXX AISI and SAE H-steels

• JXXXXX Cast steels

• KXXXXX Misc. steel and ferrous alloys

• NXXXXX Nickel-base alloys

• RXXXXX Special metals and alloysR3XXXX Cobalt-baseR5XXXX Titanium-baseR6XXXX Zirconium

• SXXXXX Heat and corrosion resistant steels

Only the ASTM specifications are shown in association with listings of UNS numbers FXXXXX,GXXXXX, HXXXXX, JXXXXX, and KXXXXX materials. This was necessary in order to use a singlelisting for both ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and B31.1/B31.3 Piping Codes. This ispossible because the ASME “SA” (ferrous alloy) specifications referenced in the Boiler and PressureVessel Code will always have an ASTM “A” counterpart and an identical UNS number for each gradewithin the specification.

86 Code Alloys by UNS Numbers Chapter 7


The following pages are arranged by UNS sections and by increasing number. This portion matchesUNS numbers with nominal composition and alloy grade or specification. Materials shown in thischapter appear in ASTM “A” or “B” specifications, but they may not have been assigned stresses thatallow their use in Code construction. Indications of assigned stresses will be found in Chapters 11through 13 for ferrous and nonferrous materials, respectively.

Groupings of UNS numbers beginning with F, G, H, J, and K contain a more complete listing ofactual specifications/grades/classes that are associated with each UNS number. The balance of theUNS number groupings, beginning with A, C, N, R, and S show only the grade designation andgenerally the common name or trade name. As was discussed back in Chapter 3, assignment ofUNS numbers is an ongoing process and there will most likely be some changes in the future to theseUNS numbers.

ALUMINUM-BASE ALLOYS BY UNS NUMBERUNS No. Nominal Composition Grade

A02010 Al – 4.6 Cu – .35 Mg – Mn 201.0A02040 Al – 4.6 Cu – .25 Mg - .17 Fe - .17 Ti Alloy 204A02080 Al – 4 Cu – 3 Si 208.0A02130 Al – 7 Cu – 2 Si 213.0A02220 Al – 10 Cu – 2 Si – Mg – Ni 222.0A02420 Al – 4.1 Cu – 2 Ni – 1.6 Mg 242.0A02950 Al – 4.5 Cu – 1.1 Si 295.0A03190 Al – 6 Si – 3.5 Cu – 1 Zn 319.0A03280 Al – 8 Si – Mg – Mn – Zn 328.0A03320 Al – 9.5 Si – 3 Cu – 1 Mg 332.0A03330 Al – 9 Si – 3.5 Cu 333.0A03360 Al – 12 Si – 2.5 Ni – 1 Mg 336.0A03540 Al – 9 Si – 1.8 Cu 354.0A03550 Al – 5 Si – Cu – Mg 355.0A03560 Al – 7 Si – .3 Mg Alloy 356; old SG70AA03570 Al – 7 Si – .5 Mg 357.0A03590 Al – 9 Si – .6 Mg 359.0A04430 Al – 5.2 Si 443.0A05120 Al – 4 Mg – 1.6 Si – Mn 512.0A05130 Al – 4 Mg – 1.8 Zn 513.0A05140 Al – 4 Mg 514.0A05200 Al – 10 Mg 520.0A05350 Al – 7 Mg 535.0A07050 Al – 3 Zn – 1.6 Mg – .5 Mn – .3 Cr 705.0A07070 Al – 4 Zn – 1.9 Mg – .5 Mn – .3 Cr 707.0A07100 Al – 6.5 Zn – .7 Mg – .5 Cu 710.0A07110 Al – 6.5 Zn – 1 Fe – .5 Cu 711.0A07120 Al – 5.7 Zn – .6 Mg 712.0A07130 Al – 7.5 Zn – .6 Mn 713.0A07710 Al – 7 Zn – .9 Mg 771.0A08500 Al – 6.2 Sn – 1 Cu – 1 Ni 850.0A08510 Al – 6.2 Sn – 2.5 Si – 1 Cu – .5 Ni 851.0A08520 Al – 6.2 Sn – 1.2 Ni – 1 Cu – .7 Mg 852.0A12420 Al – 4 Cu – Ni – Mg A242.0


Chapter

8CODE SPECIFICATIONS BY NOMINALCOMPOSITION & BY COMMON NAME

The assigned nominal composition for a given type of material, particularly for ferrous materials,determines its location in the various stress tables of the Code. The following tables in this Chapterwere developed to help locate other product forms for a given composition or to find materials withsimilar compositions. The following is a listing of the various categories of materials covered bytables within this Chapter. Their order does not quite parallel the system used within Section II,Part D stress tables. Also listed in this Chapter are the General Requirements specifications andMethods (testing and exmination) specifications. In all of the materials tables within this Chapter,an attempt was made to list all correponding common names or trade names.

ASME General Requirements Specifications

• Carbon Steels• Clad Steels• Cast Irons• Low Alloy Steels

C - Mo steels¹⁄₂ Cr - 1 ³⁄₄ Cr steels1 ³⁄₄ Cr - 3 Cr steels5 Cr - 9 Cr steelsMn, Mn - Mo, and Si steelsNickel steels

• High Alloy SteelsBy increasing chromium contentNi - Cr steels

• Aluminum Alloys (by changes in nominal composition designation)• Copper Alloys (by increasing alloying element/decreasing copper contact)• Nickel Alloys (by increasing alloying element/decreasing nickel content)• Special Alloys (typically the higher cobalt-containing alloys)• Titanium Alloys (by increasing alloying element content)• Zirconium Alloys (by increasing UNS number)

Abbreviation Note: ASME Material Specifications that are enclosed in brackets and are followedby the letters CC indicate a Code Case material, e.g. (SA-387 CC).

UNS Numbers with round brackets, e.g. (R53400), infers that the particularalloy is not listed in the Metals & Alloys in the Unified Numbering System, butrather the nominal composition of this alloy most closely resembles the UNSNumber within the bracket, and is given only for convenience.

106 Code Specifications By Nominal Composition & By Common Name Chapter 8


ASME GENERAL REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATIONS

PRODUCT REQUIREMENTSFerrousRolled products SA-6Plates SA-20Bars SA-29Tubes SA-450Plate, sheet and strip SA-480Wrought steel products SA-484Pipe SA-530Castings SA-703Castings, general industrial use SA-781Forgings SA-788Iron castings, general industrial use SA-834Fittings, wrought steel piping SA-960Forgings, flanges, fittings, valves and parts SA-961Fasteners SA-962Non FerrousPlate, strip and bar (Cu) SB-248Rod, bar and shapes (Cu) SB-249Tubes (Cu) SB-251Ni and Ni alloy seamless and welded tube SB-751Ni and Ni alloy seamless and welded pipe SB-775Castings (Cu) SB-824Ni and Ni alloy seamless pipe and tube SB-829

METHODS REQUIREMENTSFerrousMag. particle exam. - forgings SA-275Mechanical testing SA-370UT exam. - forgings SA-388UT (straight beam) exam - plates SA-435UT (angle beam) exam. - plates SA-577UT (straight beam) exam. - plates SA-578UT exam. - castings SA-609UT exam. - SS forgings SA-745Chemical analysis of steel products SA-751Tension testing - steel plates SA-770Non FerrousUT inspection - Al plate SB-548

SPECIAL NUCLEAR REQUIREMENTS(All deleted via 86A addenda)

Chapter 8 Code Specifications By Nominal Composition & By Common Name 107


CARBON STEELS BY NOMINAL COMPOSITIONNominalComposition

SpecificationNo.

GradeDesignation UNS No. Common Name or Trade Name Product Form

C steel SA-36 --- K02600 --- StructuralC steel SA-53 Type S Grade A K02504 --- Pipe, welded and seamlessC steel SA-53 Type E Grade A K02504 --- Pipe, welded and seamlessC steel SA-53 Type F Grade A K02504 --- Pipe, welded and seamlessC steel SA-53 Type S, Grade B K03005 --- Pipe, welded and seamlessC steel SA-53 Type E, Grade B K03005 --- Pipe, welded and seamlessC steel SA-105 --- K03504 --- Flanges, fittings, etc.C steel SA-106 A K02501 --- Pipe, seamlessC steel SA-106 B K03006 --- Pipe, seamlessC steel SA-106 C K03501 --- Pipe, seamlessC steel SA-134 --- --- uses ASME SA-36, SA-283, and

SA-285 plus ASTM A570Pipe, welded

C steel SA-135 A K02509 --- Pipe, weldedC steel SA-135 B K03018 --- Pipe, weldedC steel SA-178 A K01200 --- Tubes, weldedC steel SA-178 C K03503 --- Tubes, weldedC steel SA-178 D K02709 --- Tubes, weldedC steel SA-179 --- K01200 --- Tubes, seamlessC steel SA-181 60 and 70 K03502 --- Flanges, fittings, etc.C steel SA-192 --- K01201 --- Tubes, seamlessC steel SA-194 1 K01503 --- NutsC steel SA-194 2, 2H, 2HM K04002 --- NutsC steel SA-210 A-1 K02707 --- Tubes, seamlessC steel SA-210 C K03501 --- Tubes, seamlessC steel SA-214 --- K01807 --- Tubes, weldedC steel SA-216 WCA J02502 --- CastingsC steel SA-216 WCB J03002 --- CastingsC steel SA-216 WCC J02503 --- CastingsC steel SA-226 --- K01201 --- Tubes, weldedC steel SA-234 WCB K03006 --- FittingsC steel SA-234 WPC K03501 --- FittingsC steel SA-266 1 and 2 K03506 --- ForgingsC steel SA-266 3 K05001 --- ForgingsC steel SA-266 Grade 4 K03017 --- ForgingsC steel SA-283 A K01400 --- Plates


Chapter

9FERROUS SPECIFICATIONS BY COMMON NAME

This Chapter provides yet another cross index−this one is based first on the common name or tradename. In many cases, these designations will correspond with the grade designation within a givenspecification. The first part of this cross index listing is by material’s numerical designations.Within this portion of the cross index, one needs to closely examine the “system” used. Numbers suchas “2304” come before 253MA, because the second digit from the left determines its placement withinthose numerical designations beginning with “2”.

The second portion of this cross index for ferrous materials is an alphabetical listing of common ortrade names. These cover most of the materials shown later in Table 9, even if they are not yetapproved for use in any specific Code construction.

Chapter 9 Ferrous Specifications by Common Name 176


CODE FERROUS ALLOYS BY COMMON NAME OR TRADE NAMECommon Name orTrade Name Product Form Nominal Composition Spec. No. Grade Designation UNS No.3RE60 Tubes, seamless and welded 18 Cr - 5 Ni - 3 Mo - N SA-789 --- S315003RE60 Pipe, seamless and welded 18 Cr - 5 Ni - 3 Mo - N SA-790 --- S315007 Mo Plus Forgings 26 Cr - 4 Ni - Mo - N SA-182 F52 S329507 Mo Plus Plate, sheet, strip 26 Cr - 4 Ni - Mo - N SA-240 Type S32950 S329507 Mo Plus Tubes, seamless and welded 26 Cr - 4 Ni - Mo - N SA-789 S32950 S329507 Mo Plus Pipe, seamless and welded 26 Cr - 4 Ni - Mo - N SA-790 S32950 S329507 Mo Plus Fittings 26 Cr - 4 Ni - Mo - N SA-815 S32950 S329507 Mo Plus Bars and shapes 26 Cr - 4 Ni - Mo - N SA-479 S32950 S3295013-8 Mo PH or XM-13 Bars and shapes 13 Cr - 8 Ni - 2 Mo SA-564 XM-13 S1380013-8 Mo PH or XM-13 Plate, sheet, strip 13 Cr - 8 Ni - 2 Mo SA-693 XM-13 S1380013-8 Mo PH or XM-13 Forgings 13 Cr - 8 Ni - 2 Mo SA-705 XM-13 S1380015-5 PH or XM-12 Bars and shapes 15 Cr - 5 Ni - 3 Cu SA-564 Type XM-12 S1550015-5 PH or XM-12 Plate, sheet, strip 15 Cr - 5 Ni - 3 Cu SA-693 Type XM-12 S1550015-5 PH or XM-12 Forgings 15 Cr - 5 Ni - 3 Cu SA-705 Type XM-12 S1550015-7 Mo PH Bars and shapes 15 Cr - 7 Ni - 2½ Mo - 1 Al SA-564 Type 632 S1570015-7 Mo PH Plate, sheet, strip 15 Cr - 7 Ni - 2½ Mo - 1 Al SA-693 Type 632 S1570015-7 Mo PH Forgings 15 Cr - 7 Ni - 2½ Mo - 1 Al SA-705 Type 632 S1570017-4 PH Bars and shapes 17 Cr - 4 Ni - 4 Cu SA-564 Type 630 S1740017-4 PH Plate, sheet, strip 17 Cr - 4 Ni - 4 Cu SA-693 Type 630 S1740017-4 PH Forgings 17 Cr - 4 Ni - 4 Cu SA-705 Type 630 S1740017-7 PH Bars and shapes 17 Cr - 7 Ni - 1 Al SA-564 Type 631 S1770017-7 PH Plate, sheet, strip 17 Cr - 7 Ni - 1 Al SA-693 Type 631 S1770017-7 PH Forgings 17 Cr - 7 Ni - 1 Al SA-705 Type 631 S1770018-15 LC Si Forgings 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si SA-182 F46 S3060018-15 LC Si Tubes, seamless 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si (SA-213 CC) --- S3060018-15 LC Si Plate, sheet, strip 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si SA-240 --- S3060018-15 LC Si Tubes, welded 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si (SA-249 CC) --- S3060018-15 LC Si Pipe, seamless and welded 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si SA-312 --- S3060018-15 LC Si Forgings 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si SA-336 F46 S3060018-15 LC Si Pipe, welded 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si SA-358 --- S3060018-15 LC Si Bars and shapes 18 Cr - 15 Ni - 4 Si SA-479 --- S3060018-17 LC Forgings 18 Cr - 17 Ni - 5.3 Si (SA-182 CC) --- S3060118-17 LC Tubes, seamless 18 Cr - 17 Ni - 5.3 Si (SA-213 CC) --- S3060118-17 LC Plate, sheet, strip 18 Cr - 17 Ni - 5.3 Si SA-240 --- S30601


Chapter

10NONFERROUS SPECIFICATIONS BY COMMON NAME

This Chapter parallels Chapter 9, except covering nonferrous materials. Alloys are first listednumerically when their common name or trade name identifies them in such a manner. Likewise,the second portion of this index is an alphabetical listing of common or trade names associated withnonferrous alloys−with no particular attempt to segregate the various basic types of nonferrous alloys(e.g. Al, Cu, Ni, Ti and Zr).

Chapter 10 Nonferrous Specifications by Common Name 202


CODE NONFERROUS ALLOYS BY COMMON NAME OR TRADE NAMECommon Name orTrade Name Product Form Nominal Composition Specification No. UNS No.20 - Cb 3 Fittings 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-366 N0802020 - Cb 3 Forgings 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-462 N0802020 - Cb 3 Plate, sheet, strip 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-463 N0802020 - Cb 3 Pipe, seamless and welded 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-464 N0802020 - Cb 3 Tubes, seamless and welded 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-468 N0802020 - Cb 3 Bar and wire 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-473 N0802020 - Cb 3 Pipe and tube, seamless 35 Ni - 35 Fe - 20 Cr - Cb SB-729 N0802020 - Mo 4 Forgings 37 Ni - 33 Fe - 24 Cr - 4 Mo SB-462 N0802420 - Mo 4 Plate, sheet, strip 37 Ni - 33 Fe - 24 Cr - 4 Mo SB-463 N0802420 - Mo 4 Pipe, seamless and welded 37 Ni - 33 Fe - 24 Cr - 4 Mo SB-464 N0802420 - Mo 4 Tubes, seamless and welded 37 Ni - 33 Fe - 24 Cr - 4 Mo SB-468 N0802420 - Mo 4 Bar and wire 37 Ni - 33 Fe - 24 Cr - 4 Mo SB-473 N0802420 - Mo 4 Pipe and tube, seamless 37 Ni - 33 Fe - 24 Cr - 4 Mo SB-729 N0802420 - Mo 6 Forgings 35 Ni - 30 Fe - 24 Cr - 6 Mo - 3 Cu SB-462 N0802620 - Mo 6 Plate, sheet, strip 35 Ni - 30 Fe - 24 Cr - 6 Mo - 3 Cu SB-463 N0802620 - Mo 6 Pipe, seamless and welded 35 Ni - 30 Fe - 24 Cr - 6 Mo - 3 Cu SB-464 N0802620 - Mo 6 Tubes, seamless and welded 35 Ni - 30 Fe - 24 Cr - 6 Mo - 3 Cu SB-468 N0802620 - Mo 6 Bar and wire 35 Ni - 30 Fe - 24 Cr - 6 Mo - 3 Cu SB-473 N0802620 - Mo 6 Pipe and tube, seamless 35 Ni - 30 Fe - 24 Cr - 6 Mo - 3 Cu SB-729 N0802620 Mod. Pipe, welded 26 Ni - 43 Fe - 22 Cr - 5 Mo SB-619 N0832020 Mod. Plate, sheet, strip 26 Ni - 43 Fe - 22 Cr - 5 Mo SB-620 N0832020 Mod. Rod 26 Ni - 43 Fe - 22 Cr - 5 Mo SB-621 N0832020 Mod. Pipe and tube, seamless 26 Ni - 43 Fe - 22 Cr - 5 Mo SB-622 N0832020 Mod. Tubes, welded 26 Ni - 43 Fe - 22 Cr - 5 Mo SB-626 N0832020 or Beta C Plate, sheet, strip Ti - 8 V - 6 Cr - Mo - Zr -Al -Pd SB-265 R5864521 Plate, sheet, strip Ti - 15 Mo - 3 Al- Cb SB-265 ---23 Plate, sheet, strip Ti - 6 Al - 4V SB-265 ---25-6 Mo Plate, sheet, strip 28 Ni - 39 Fe - 16 Cr - 4 Cu SA-240 N0892625-6 Mo Forgings 28 Ni - 39 Fe - 16 Cr - 4 Cu (SB-462 CC) N0892625-6 Mo Plate, sheet, strip 28 Ni - 39 Fe - 16 Cr - 4 Cu SB-625 N0892625-6 Mo Bar and wire 28 Ni - 39 Fe - 16 Cr - 4 Cu SB-649 N0892625-6 Mo Pipe, welded 28 Ni - 39 Fe - 16 Cr - 4 Cu SB-673 N0892625-6 Mo Tubes, welded 28 Ni - 39 Fe - 16 Cr - 4 Cu SB-674 N08926


Chapter

11FERROUS MATERIALS SPECIFICATIONS BY BOILER

AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE SECTION USE

Chapters 11 and 12 are the “heart” of this Materials Index - they form the bases for development ofall other cross indexes (e.g., Chapters 7 through 10). Development of Chapters 11 and 12 wasdescribed in Chapter 2 of this book. Listing all ASME specification materials and materialspermitted by Code cases involved going through over 4000 pages in four Code books. Defining whichmaterials are permitted for each type of Code construction then required review of 3500-4000individual stress lines in Tables 1-4 of Section II, Part D and the two stress tables of Section IV.Next, Table QW-422, spawning over 50 pages in Section IX was reviewed line-by-line to verify properuse of welding P/Group numbers.

This latest version of the Materials Index now addresses those specific materials permitted in SectionIV and Section VIII-3 construction. To facilitate this expansion in scope of the tables found inChapters 11 and 12, two columns had to be eliminated, namely “IX QW-422” and “Notes”. The firstwas considered to be redundant since it was only checked if a P/Group number had already beenshown. The “Notes” column was found to be of little use and essential information was transferred toother parts of the Chapter 11/12 tables. When space in the following tables of Chapters 11 and 12 islimited, the following abbreviations may appear to describe “Product Form.”

Abbreviation Product Form Abbreviation Product FormBa Bars Pl Co Plates for CoatingBi Bars and Billets Ro RodsBo Bolting RP Rolled ProductsCa Castings Sa ShapesCC Centrifugal Castings Sd StudsCCP Centrifugal Cast Pipe Sh SheetCR Cold Rolled SHS Socket Head ScrewsCR Sh Dr CR Sheet for Drawing Sm SeamlessCWP Cast/Worked Pipe SP Seamless PipeCWWP Cold worked welded pipe St StructuralFa Fasteners ST Seamless TubeFBP Forged and Bored Pipe Std StandardFi Fittings Std Fa Standard FastenersFl Flanges Stl SteelFo Forgings Str StripFo Cor Ro Forged Corrugated Rolls Va ValvesGen. Reqs. General Requirements W and SP Welded and Seamless PipePa Parts W Fi Welded FittingsPF Piping Fittings WP Welded PipePl Plates WT Welded Tubes

Wi Wire

228 Ferrous Materials Specifications by Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Use Chapter 11


HEAT TREAT CONDITIONS & OTHER ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation TermSol’n (Treated) Solution (Treated)ST Solution TreatedNorm’d NormalizedQ & T Quench and TemperedN & T Nomalized and TemperedCond’n (Heat Treated) Condition (Heat Treated)CR Cold RolledHR Hot RolledIS Intermediate StrengthHS High Strengthincl. inclusive

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND TESTING SPECIFICATIONSSpec. No. TitleSA-6 General Requirements for Rolled Structural Bars, Plates, Shapes and Sheet PilingSA-20 General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure VesselsSA-29 General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wought and Cold FinishedSA-275 Test Method for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel ForgingsSA-370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsSA-388 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel ForgingsSA-435 Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates for Pressure VesselsSA-450 General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, Austenitic Alloy Steel TubesSA-480 General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and

StripSA-484 General Requirements for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Bars, Billets, and ForgingsSA-530 General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeSA-577 Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel PlatesSA-578 Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Plain and Clad Steel Plates for

Special ApplicationsSA-609 Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic

Examination ThereofSA-703 Steel Castings, General Requirements, for Pressure-Containing PartsSA-745 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel ForgingsSA-751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsSA-770 Through-Thickness Tension Testing of Steel Plates for Special ApplicationsSA-781 Castings, Steel, and Alloy, Common Requirements for General Industrial UseSA-788 Steel Forgings, General RequirementsSA-834 Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial UseSA-941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysSA-960 Common Requirements for Wrought Steel Piping FittingsSA-961 Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves and Parts for Piping

ApplicationsSA-962 Common Requirements for Steel Fasteners, or Fastener Material, or Both, Intended for Use at

Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range

Chapter 11 Ferrous Materials Specifications by Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section Use 229


SECTION II, PART D COVERAGESECTION

IVSECTION

VIII-3

GRADE - Gr HT NOMINAL SIZEWELD

NO.COMMON NAME

ORSTRENGTHLEVEL, ksi

TABLE1A

TABLE1B

TABLE2A

TABLE2B

TABLE3

TABLE4 TABLES

TABLESKCS-1

CODE CASECOVERAGE

SPEC.NO.

CLASS - ClTYPE - Ty

CONDI-TION

COMPOSITIONDESIGNATION

PRODUCTFORM

LIMITS,IN. P Gr

UNSNO.

TRADE NAME ORREF. SPEC. UTS YS I

III2/3

VIII1 I

III2/3

VIII1

III1

VIII2

III1

VIII2

III2/3

VIII1

VIII2

III1

VIII2

HF300

HLW300

KHA-1KNF-1

NON-NUCL NUCL

SA-36 C Stl Strl, Sa, Pl,Ba

1 1 K02600(Note 1)

58-80 YP=36 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ N71,249

SA-47 Gr 32510 Malleable iron Castings F22200 50 32.5

SA-53 Ty S - Gr A C Stl Pipe, S & W NPS ¹⁄₈ to 1 1 K02504 48 30 √ √ √ √ √ √ 2273

Ty S - Gr B C Stl NPS 26 1 1 K03005 60 35 √ √ √ √ √ √ 2273

Ty E - Gr A C Stl 1 1 K02504 48 30 √ √ √ √ √ √ 2273

Ty E - Gr B C Stl 1 1 K03005 60 35 √ √ √ √ √ √ 2042,2273

Ty F - Gr A C Stl 1 1 K02504 48 30 √ √ √ 2273

SA-105 C Stl Forgings 1 2 K03504 70 36 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 1876 N253

SA-106 Gr A C Stl Pipe, smls NPS ¹⁄₈ to 1 1 K02501 48 30 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2273

Gr B C Stl NPS 48 1 1 K03006 60 35 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 1876,2273

N253

Gr C C Stl 1 2 K03501 70 40 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 1876,2273

N253

SA-134(Note 2)

(A283A) C Stl Pipe, wld ≥ NPS 16 1 1 45 24 √

(A283B) C Stl 1 1 50 27 √

(A283C) C Stl 1 1 K02401 55 30 √

(A283D) C Stl 1 1 K02702 60 33 √

SA-135 Gr A C Stl Pipe, wld NPS 2 to 1 1 K02509 48 30 √ √ √

Gr B C Stl NPS 30 1 1 K03018 60 35 √ √ √

SA-178 Gr A C Stl Tubes, wld ¹⁄₂ to 5, O.D. 1 1 K01200 Low carbon steel (47) (26) √ √ √ √

Gr C C Stl 1 1 K03503 Med. carbon steel 60 37 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ N253

Gr D C Stl 1 2 K02709 Carbon-manganese steel

70 40 √

SA-179 --- C Stl Tubes, smls ¹⁄₈ to 3, O.D. 1 1 K01200 Low carbon steel (47) (26) √

SA-181 Cl 60 C Stl Forgings 1 1 K03502 Old Gr I 60 30 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 1876 N253

Cl 70 C Stl 1 2 K03502 Old Gr II 70 36 √ √ √ √ √ √ 1876 N253

SA-182 Gr F1 C-½ Mo Forgings 3 2 K12822 70 40 √ √ √ √ √ N253

Gr F2 ½ Cr-½ Mo 3 2 K12122 70 40 √ √ √

Gr F3V 3 Cr-1 Mo-¼ V 5C 1 K31830 85-110 60 √ √

Gr F3VCb 3 Cr-1 Mo-¼ V-Cb K31290 85-110 60 2151

Note 1 - The UNS number may also be K02595-K02599 for plate, as a function of thickness; K02600 covers only shapes.Note 2 - Steel from which piping is made may also conform to A285, A570 or A36.


Chapter

12NONFERROUS CODE MATERIALS

SPECIFICATIONS BY SECTION USE

The first page of Chapter 11 decribes the evolution of this Chapter. When space permits, ProductForm will be defined−if abbreviation must be used, the following will be used:

PRODUCT FORM ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Product Form Abbreviation Product FormBa Bars Sm SeamlessCa Castings Pipe, S & W Seamless and Welded PipeCC Centrifugal Castings Tube, S & W Seamless and Welded TubesFo Forgings SP Seamless PipeHex(s) Hexagonal(s) (shape) Sq(s) Square(s) (shape)Pl Plates St StructuralOct(s) Octagonal(s) (shape) ST Seamless TubeRect’s Rectagonals Str StripRo Rods W Fi Welded FittingsSa Shapes WP Welded PipeSFT Seamless/Finned Tubes WT Welded TubesSh Sheet

HEAT TREAT CONDITIONS & OTHER ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation TermCond’n (Treated) Condition (Treated)HT Heat TreatedSHT Solution Heat TreatedStab StabilizedPH Precipitation HardenedHR Hot RolledHF Hot FinishedHW Hot WorkedCD Cold DrawnCR Cold RolledCW Cold WorkedSR Stress RelievedWT Wall Thicknessincl. inclusive

306 Nonferrous Code Specifications by Code Section Use Chapter 12


General Requirements & Testing SpecificationsSpec. No. TitleSB-248 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and Copper-Alloy Plate, Sheet, Strip and Rolled BarSB-249 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Copper and Copper-Alloy for Rod, Bar and ShapesSB-251 Specification for General Requirements for Wrought Seamless Copper and Copper-Alloy TubesSB-548 Method and Specification for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Plate for Pressure VesselsSB-751 Specification for General Requirements for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welded TubesSB-775 Specification for General Requirements for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Seamless and Welded PipeSB-824 Specification for General Reuirements for Copper Alloy CastingsSB-829 Specification for General Requirements for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Seamless Pipe and TubeSB-858 Test Method for Determination of Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Copper Alloys Using an Ammonia

Vapor Test

Chapter 12 Nonferrous Code Specifications by Code Section Use 307



IVSECTION

VIII-3


NO.COMMON NAME


TABLE1A

TABLE1B

TABLE2A

TABLE2B

TABLE3

TABLE4 TABLES

TABLESKCS-1

CODE CASECOVERAGE

SPEC.NO.

CLASS - ClTYPE - Ty

CONDI-TION


PRODUCTFORM

LIMITS,IN. P Gr

UNSNO.


III2/3

VIII1 I

III2/3

VIII1

III1

VIII2

III1

VIII2

III2/3

VIII1

VIII2

III1

VIII2

HF300

HLW300

KHA-1KNF-1

NON-NUCL NUCL

SB-26 201.0 T7 Al-4.6 Cu-.35 Mg-Mn Castings A02010 60 50

204.0 T4 Al-4.6 Cu-.25 Mg-.17 Fe-.17 Ti

A02040 45 28 √

208.0 F Al-4 Cu-3 Si A02080 19 12

222.0 0 Al-10 Cu-2 Si-Mg-Ni A02220 23 NR*

222.0 T61 Al-10 Cu-2 Si-Mg-Ni A02220 30 NR

242.0 0 Al-4.1 Cu-2 Ni-1.6 Mg A02420 23 NR

242.0 T61 Al-4.1 Cu-2 Ni-1.6 Mg A02420 32 20

A242.0 T75 Al-4.1 Cu-2 Ni-1.6 Mg A12420 29 NR

295.0 T4 Al-4.5 Cu-1.1 Si A02950 29 13

295.0 T6 Al-4.5 Cu-1.1 Si A02950 32 20

295.0 T62 Al-4.5 Cu-1.1 Si A02950 36 28

295.0 T7 Al-4.5 Cu-1.1 Si A02950 29 16

319.0 F Al-6 Si-3.5 Cu-1 Zn A03190 23 13

319.0 T5 Al-6 Si-3.5 Cu-1 Zn A03190 25 NR

319.0 T6 Al-6 Si-3.5 Cu-1 Zn A03190 31 20

328.0 F Al-8 Si-Mg-Mn-Zn A03280 25 14

328.0 T6 Al-8 Si-Mg-Mn-Zn A03280 34 21

355.0 T6 Al-5 Si-Cu-Mg A03550 32 20

355.0 T51 Al-5 Si-Cu-Mg A03550 25 18

355.0 T71 Al-5 Si-Cu-Mg A03550 30 22

C355.0 T6 Al-5 Si-Cu-Mg A03550 36 25

356.0 F Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A03560 19 9.5

356.0 T6 Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A03560 30 20 √ √ 2344

356.0 T7 Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A03560 31 NR

356.0 T51 Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A03560 23 16

356.0 T71 Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A03560 25 18 √ √

A356.0 T6 Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A13560 34 24

A356.0 T61 Al-7 Si-.3 Mg A13560 35 26

443.0 F Al-5.2 Si A04430 17 7

B443.0 F Al-5.2 Si A24430 17 6 √ √

512.0 F Al-4 Mg-1.6 Si-Mn A05120 17 10

* Not required

Chapter 12 Nonferrous Code Specifications by Code Section Use 308



IVSECTION

VIII-3


NO.COMMON NAME


TABLE1A

TABLE1B

TABLE2A

TABLE2B

TABLE3

TABLE4 TABLES

TABLESKCS-1

CODE CASECOVERAGE

SPEC.NO.

CLASS - ClTYPE - Ty

CONDI-TION


PRODUCTFORM

LIMITS,IN. P Gr

UNSNO.


III2/3

VIII1 I

III2/3

VIII1

III1

VIII2

III1

VIII2

III2/3

VIII1

VIII2

III1

VIII2

HF300

HLW300

KHA-1KNF-1

NON-NUCL NUCL

SB-26 514.0 F Al-4 Mg Castings A05140 22 9

(Cont'd) 520.0 T4 Al-10 Mg A05200 42 22

535.0 F Al-7 Mg A05350 35 18

705.0 T5 Al-3 Zn-1.6Mg-.5 Mn-.3 Cr

A07050 30 17

707.0 T7 Al-4 Zn-1.9 Mg-.5 Mn-.3 Cr

A07070 37 30

710.0 T5 Al-6.5 Zn-.7 Mg-.5 Cu A07100 32 20

712.0 T5 Al-5.7 Zn-.6 Mg A07120 34 25

713.0 T5 Al-7.5 Zn-.6 Mn A07130 32 22

771.0 T5 Al-7 Zn-.9 Mg A07710 42 38

771.0 T51 Al-7 Zn-.9 Mg A07710 32 27

771.0 T52 Al-7 Zn-.9 Mg A07710 36 30

771.0 T6 Al-7 Zn-.9 Mg A07710 42 35

771.0 T71 Al-7 Zn-.9 Mg A07710 48 45

850.0 T5 Al-6.2 Sn-1 Cu-1 Ni A08500 16 NR

851.0 T5 Al-6.2 Sn-2.5 Si-1 Cu-.5 Ni

A08510 17 NR

852.0 T5 Al-6.2 Sn-1 Cu-1.2 Ni-.7 Mg

A08520 24 18

SB-42 C10200 061 99.95 Cu Pipe, smls 31 C10200 OF Cu 30 9 √ √ √ √

C10200 H80 99.95 Cu ¹⁄₈ to 2 31 C10200 OF Cu 45 40 √ √ √ √

C10200 H55 99.95 Cu 2¹⁄₂ to 12 31 C10200 OF Cu 36 30 √ √ √ √

C12000 061 99.90 Cu + P 31 C12000 DLP Cu 30 9 √ √ √ √

C12000 H80 99.90 Cu + P ¹⁄₈ to 2 31 C12000 DLP Cu 45 40 √ √ √ √

C12000 H55 99.90 Cu + P 2¹⁄₂ to 12 31 C12000 DLP Cu 36 30 √ √ √ √

C12200 061 99.9 Cu + P 31 C12200 DHP Cu 30 9 √ √ √ √

C12200 H80 99.9 Cu + P ¹⁄₈ to 2 31 C12200 DHP Cu 45 40 √ √ √ √

C12200 H55 99.9 Cu + P 2¹⁄₂ to 12 31 C12200 DHP Cu 36 30 √ √ √ √

SB-43 C23000 061 85 Cu-15 Zn Pipe, smls 32 C23000 Red Brass 40 12 √ √ √ √

(Case only) 058 85 Cu-15 Zn C23000 Red Brass 40 12 2172

SB-61 C92200 M01 88 Cu-6 Sn-4½ Zn-Pb Castings 107 C92200 Alloy 2A Valve Bronze 34 16 √ √ √ √

SB-62 C83600 M01 85 Cu-5 Sn-5 Zn-5 Pb Castings 107 C83600 Alloy 85 or 85-5-5-5 30 14 √ √ √ √


Chapter

13LISTING OF ASTM AND API SPECIFICATIONS/

GRADES FOR MATERIALS FOUND INB31.1/B31.3 STRESS TABLES

Background

In Chapter 1, this book was described as a “tool” for those working with the B31.1 and B31.3 PipingCodes. The most useful aspect of this “tool” is a listing or index of the specifications/grades for thevarious materials used by these Piping Codes. Development of the actual index is fully described inChapter 1.

Comments on the Development Process

The listing of specifications/grades is exactly what is found within the stress tables of currentversions of B31.1 (2001 Edition) and B31.3 (1999 Edition, 2001 Addenda). In some cases, somespecifications and/or certain grades are now obsolete and have not yet been revised by B31.1/B31.3committees. These are simply noted in this “Index”, and in later versions, they should be replaced bymore current specifications/grades.

This is also a time during which several changes are occurring in the assigned UNS numbers, thusthose who rely upon these numbers are warned that many numbers have been changed and they willbe made publicly available in the 9th Edition of ASTM DS-56G, “Metals and Alloys in the UnifiedNumbering System”.

With these two precautions, the heart of the materials index for B31.1/B31.3 follows.

Chapter 13 Listing of ASTM & API Specifications/Grades for Materials Found in B31.1/B31.3 Stress Tables 366


GRADE - Gr HT NOMINAL SIZE COMMON NAME STRENGTH B31.1 B31.3SPEC. CLASS - Cl CONDI- COMPOSITION PRODUCT LIMITS, WELD NO. OR TRADE NAME LEVEL, ksi TABLES TABLES

NO. TYPE - Ty TION DESIGNATION FORM IN. P or (S) Gr UNS NO. OR REF. SPEC. UTS YS A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A1 A2 K1 CODE CASE NOTESA36 C Stl Strl, Sa, Pl, Ba 1 1 K02600 58-80 36 √ √

A47 Gr 32510 Malleable Iron Castings F22200 50 32.5 √

A48 Cl 20 Gray Iron Castings F11401 20 √ √

Cl 25 Gray Iron F11701 25 √ √

Cl 30 Gray Iron F12101 30 √ √

Cl 35 Gray Iron F12401 35 √ √

Cl 40 Gray Iron F12801 40 √ √

Cl 45 Gray Iron F13101 45 √ √

Cl 50 Gray Iron F13501 50 √ √

Cl 55 Gray Iron F13801 55 √ √

Cl 60 Gray Iron F14101 60 √ √

A53 Gr A, Ty E C Stl Pipe, S & W NPS ¹⁄₈ -NPS 26

1 1 K02504 48 30 √ √

Gr A, Ty S C Stl 1 1 K02504 48 30 √ √

Gr A, Ty F C Stl 1 1 K02504 48 30 √ √

Gr B, Ty E C Stl 1 1 K03005 60 35 √ √ √

Gr B, Ty S C Stl 1 1 K03005 60 35 √ √ √

A105 C Stl Forgings 1 2 K03504 70 36 √ √ √

A106 Gr A C Stl Pipe, smls NPS ¹⁄₈ -NPS 48

1 1 K02501 48 30 √ √

Gr B C Stl 1 1 K03006 60 35 √ √ √

Gr C C Stl 1 2 K03501 70 40 √ √ √

A126 Gr A Gray Iron Castings F11501 21 √ √

Gr B Gray Iron Castings F12102 31 √ √

Gr C Gray Iron F12802 41 √ √

A134 A36 C Stl Pipe, wld ≥ NPS 16; t≤ ¾

1 1 K02600 58-80 36 √

A283, Gr A C Stl 1 1 45-60 24 √ √

A283, Gr B C Stl 1 1 50-65 27 √ √

A283, Gr C C Stl 1 1 K02401 55-75 30 √

A283, Gr D C Stl 1 1 K02702 60-80 33 √ √

A 285, Gr A C Stl 1 1 K01700 45-65 24 √ √

A 285, Gr B C Stl 1 1 K02200 50-70 27 √ √

A 285, Gr C C Stl 1 1 K02801 55-75 30 √ √

A570, Gr 30 C Stl S-1 1 K02502 49 30 √

A570, Gr 33 C Stl S-1 1 K02502 52 33 √

A570, Gr 36 C Stl S-1 1 K02502 53 36 √

A570, Gr 40 C Stl S-1 1 K02502 55 40 √

A570, Gr 45 C Stl S-1 1 K02507 60 45 √

A570, Gr 50 C Stl S-1 1 K02507 55 50 √

Chapter 13 Listing of ASTM & API Specifications/Grades for Materials Found in B31.1/B31.3 Stress Tables 367


GRADE - Gr HT NOMINAL SIZE COMMON NAME STRENGTH B31.1 B31.3SPEC. CLASS - Cl CONDI- COMPOSITION PRODUCT LIMITS, WELD NO. OR TRADE NAME LEVEL, ksi TABLES TABLES

NO. TYPE - Ty TION DESIGNATION FORM IN. P or (S) Gr UNS NO. OR REF. SPEC. UTS YS A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A1 A2 K1 CODE CASE NOTESA135 Gr A C Stl Pipe, wld NPS 2 to

NPS 301 1 48 30 √ √

Gr B C Stl 1 1 60 35 √ √

A139 Gr A C Stl Pipe, wld NPS 4 toNPS 92

S-1 1 48 30 √ √

Gr B C Stl S-1 1 K03003 60 35 √ √

Gr C C Stl S-1 1 K03004 60 42 √

Gr D C Stl S-1 1 K03010 60 46 √

Gr E C Stl S-1 1 K01801 66 52 √

A167 Gr 308 20 Cr-10 Ni Pl/Sh & Str S-8 1 S30800 75 30 √

Gr 309 23 Cr-12 Ni S-8 1 S30900 75 30 √

Gr 310 25 Cr-20 Ni S-8 1 S31000 75 30 √

Gr 347* 18 Cr-10 Ni-Cb S-8 1 S34700 75 30 √

Gr 348* 18 Cr-10 Ni-Cb S-8 1 S34800 75 30 √

Gr 302B 18 Cr-8 Ni-2 Si S-8 1 S30215 75 30 √

A178 Gr A C Stl Tubes, wld 1 1 K01200 (47) (26) √

Gr C C Stl 1 1 K03503 60 37 √

A179 --- C Stl Tubes, smls 1 1 K01200 (47) (26) √ √

A181 Cl 60 C Stl Forgings 1 1 K03502 Old Grade I 60 30 √ √

Cl 70 1 2 K03502 Old Grade II 70 36 √ √

A182 Gr F1 C–½ Mo Forgings 3 2 K12822 70 40 √ √ √

Gr F2 ½ Cr-½ Mo 3 2 K12122 70 40 √ √

Gr F5 5 Cr-½ Mo 5B 1 K41545 70 40 √ √ √

Gr F5a 5 Cr-½ Mo 5B 1 K42544 90 65 √ √

Gr F6a, Cl 1 13 Cr 6 1 S41000 (K91151) 70 40 √

Gr F6a, Cl 2 13 Cr 6 3 S41000 (K91151) 85 55 √

Gr F6a, Cl 3 13 Cr S-6 3 S41000 110 85 √

Gr F6a, Cl 4 13 Cr S-6 3 S41000 130 110 √

Gr F6b 13 Cr-½ Mo 6 3 S41026 110-135

90 √

Gr F9 9 Cr-1 Mo 5B 1 K90941 85 55 √ √

Gr F91 9 Cr-1 Mo-V 5B 1 K90901 85 60 √ √

Gr F10 20 Ni-8 Cr 8 2 S33100 80 30 √

Gr F11, Cl 1 1¼ Cr-½ Mo-Si 4 1 K11597 Old F11b 60 30 √ √

Gr F11, Cl 2 1¼ Cr-½ Mo-Si 4 1 K11572 Old F11 70 40 √ √ √

Gr F12, Cl 1 1 Cr-½ Mo 4 1 K11562 Old F12a 60 32 √ √

Gr F12, Cl 2 1 Cr-½ Mo 4 1 K11564 Old F12 70 40 √ √ √

Gr F21 3 Cr-1 Mo 5A 1 K31545 75 45 √ √

Gr F22, Cl 1 2¼ Cr-1 Mo 5A 1 K21590 Old F22a 60 30 √ √

* Grades (Types) 347 and 348 are no longer covered by A167.


Chapter

14MATERIAL SPECIFICATION DESIGNATIONS

AND TITLES

In this Chapter, one should by now understand that ASME B31.1 and B31.3 Codes reference ASTMmaterial specifications, whereas the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code references ASMEspecifications. When only an ASTM specification is listed, one should conclude that it can only beused in B31.1 and/or B31.3 construction – Chapter 13’s listing will show exactly where it is approvedfor use.

FERROUS SPECIFICATION DESIGNATIONS AND TITLESLISTED BY PRODUCT FORM

ASTM ASME TitleSteel PipeA 53 SA-53/SA-53M Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded and SeamlessA 106 SA-106 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 134 SA-134 Pipe, Steel, Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded (Sizes NPS 16 and Over)A 135 SA-135 Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel PipeA 139 --- Electric-Fusion (Arc)-Welded Steel Pipe (NPS 4 and Over)A 211 --- Spiral Welded Steel or Iron Pipe (Discontinued 1993)A 312 SA-312/SA-312M Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel PipeA 333 SA-333/SA-333M Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low-Temperature ServiceA 335 SA-335/SA-335M Seamless Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 358 SA-358/SA-358M Electric-Fusion-Welded Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Alloy Steel Pipe for

High Temperature ServiceA 369 SA-369/SA-369M Carbon and Ferritic Alloy Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for

High-Temperature ServiceA 376 SA-376/SA-376M Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station

ServiceA 381 --- Metal-Arc Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High Pressure Transmission

SystemsA 409 SA-409/SA-409M Welded Large Diameter Austenitic Steel Pipe for Corrosive or

High-Temperature ServiceA 426 SA-426 Centrifugally Cast Ferritic Alloy Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 430 SA-430/SA-430M Austenitic Steel Forged and Bored Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 451 SA-451 Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 452 SA-452 Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Cold-Wrought Pipe for High-

Temperature ServiceA 524 SA-524 Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower Temperatures

414 Specification Designations and Titles Chapter 14


ASTM ASME TitleSteel Pipe (Continued)--- SA-530/SA-530M General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel PipeA 587 SA-587 Electric-Resistance-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical

Industry--- SA-660 Centrifugally Cast Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature ServiceA 671 SA-671 Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for Atmospheric and Lower

TemperaturesA 672 SA-672 Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at

Moderate TemperaturesA 691 SA-691 Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe, Electric-Fusion-Welded for High-Pressure

Service at High TemperaturesA 714 --- High Strength Low Alloy Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe--- SA-727/SA-727M Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components with Inherent Notch

ToughnessA 731 SA-731/SA-731M Seamless and Welded Ferritic, Martensitic Stainless Steel PipeA 790 SA-790/SA-790M Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe--- SA-813/SA-813M Single- or Double-Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe--- SA-814/SA-814M Cold-Worked Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe--- SA-941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and

Ferroalloys--- SA-961 Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves and

Parts for Piping ApplicationsOther --- API-5L Line Pipe

Steel TubesA 178 SA-178/SA-178M Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel

Boiler and Superheater TubesA 179 SA-179/SA-179M Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger and Condenser

TubesA 192 SA-192/SA-192M Seamless Carbon Steel Boiler Tubes for High-Pressure ServiceA 199 SA-199/SA-199M Seamless Cold-Drawn Intermediate Alloy Steel Heat Exchanger and

Condenser Tubes--- SA-209/SA-209M Seamless Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy-Steel Boiler and Superheater TubesA 210 SA-210/SA-210M Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater TubesA 213 SA-213/SA-213M Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater, and

Heat Exchanger TubesA 214 SA-214/SA-214M Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Heat-Exchanger and Condenser

TubesA 226 SA-226/SA-226M Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes

for High Pressure ServiceA 249 SA-249/SA-249M Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat Exchanger, and

Condenser Tubes--- SA-250/SA-250M Electric-Resistance-Welded Ferritic Alloy Steel Boiler and Superheater

TubesA 254 --- Copper-Brazed Steel TubingA 268 SA-268/SA-268M Seamless and Welded Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steel Tubing for

General ServiceA 269 --- Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General

Service


Appendix

1UNIT CONVERSION TABLES

440 Unit Conversion Tables Appendix 1


To Convert From To Multiply By To Convert From To Multiply ByAngle Mass per unit lengthdegree rad 1.745 329 E -02 lb/ft kg/m 1.488 164 E + 00Area lb/in. kg/m 1.785 797 E + 01

in.2

mm2 6.451 600 E + 02 Mass per unit time

in.2

cm2 6.451 600 E + 00 lb/h kg/s 1.259 979 E - 04

in.2

m2 6.451 600 E - 04 lb/min kg/s 7.559 873 E - 03

ft2

m2 9.290 304 E - 02 lb/s kg/s 4.535 924 E - 01

Bending moment or torque Mass per unit volume (includes density)lbf - in. N - m 1.129 848 E - 01 g/cm

3kg/m

3 1.000 000 E + 03

lbf - ft N - m 1.355 818 E + 00 lb/ft3

g/cm3 1.601 846 E - 02

kgf - m N - m 9.806 650 E + 00 lb/ft3

kg/m3 1.601 846 E + 01

ozf - in. N - m 7.061 552 E - 03 lb/in.3

g/cm3 2.767 990 E + 01

Bending moment or torque per unit length lb/in.3

kg/m3 2.767 990 E + 04

lbf - in./in. N - m/m 4.448 222 E + 00 Powerlbf - ft/in. N - m/m 5.337 866 E + 01 Btu/s kW 1.055 056 E + 00Corrosion rate Btu/min kW 1.758 426 E - 02mils/yr mm/yr 2.540 000 E - 02 Btu/h W 2.928 751 E - 01mils/yr µ/yr 2.540 000 E + 01 erg/s W 1.000 000 E - 07Current density ft - lbf/s W 1.355 818 E + 00

A/in.2

A/cm2 1.550 003 E - 01 ft - lbf/min W 2.259 697 E - 02

A/in.2

A/mm2 1.550 003 E - 03 ft - lbf/h W 3.766 161 E - 04

A/ft2

A/m2 1.076 400 E + 01 hp (550 ft - lbf/s) kW 7.456 999 E - 01

Electricity and magnetism hp (electric) kW 7.460 000 E - 01gauss T 1.000 000 E - 04 W/in.

2W/m

2 1.550 003 E + 03

maxwell µWb 1.000 000 E - 02 Pressure (fluid)mho S 1.000 000 E + 00 atm (standard) Pa 1.013 250 E + 05Oersted A/m 7.957 700 E + 01 bar Pa 1.000 000 E + 05Ω - cm Ω - m 1.000 000 E - 02 in. Hg (32 F) Pa 3.386 380 E + 03Ω circular - mil/ft µΩ - m 1.662 426 E - 03 in. Hg (60 F) Pa 3.376 850 E + 03Energy (impact other) lbf/in.

2 (psi) Pa 6.894 757 E + 03

ft - lbf J 1.355 818 E + 00 torr (mm Hg, 0 C) Pa 1.333 220 E + 02Btu (thermochemical) J 1.054 350 E + 03 Specific heatcal (thermochemical) J 4.184 000 E + 00 Btu/lb - F J/kg - K 4.186 800 E + 03kW - h J 3.600 000 E + 06 cal/g - C J/kg - K 4.186 800 E + 03W - h J 3.600 000 E + 03 Stress (force per unit area)Flow rate tonf/in.

2 (tsi) MPa 1.378 951 E + 01

ft3/h L/min 4.719 475 E - 01 kgf/mm

2 MPa 9.806 650 E + 00

ft3/min L/min 2.831 000 E + 01 ksi MPa 6.894 757 E + 00

gal/h L/min 6.309 020 E - 02 lbf/in.2 (psi) MPa 6.894 757 E - 03

gal/min L/min 3.785 412 E + 00 MN/m2 MPa 1.000 000 E + 00

Appendix 1 Unit Conversion Tables 441


To Convert From To Multiply By To Convert From To Multiply ByForce Temperaturelbf N 4.448 222 E + 00 F C 5/9 (F - 32)kip (1000 lbf) N 4.448 222 E + 03 R K 5/9tonf kN 8.896 443 E + 00 Thermal conductivitykgf N 9.806 650 E + 00 Btu - in./s - ft

2 - F W/m - K 5.192 204 E + 02

Force per unit length Btu/ft - h - F W/m - K 1.730 735 E + 00lbf/ft N/m 1.459 390 E + 01 Btu - in./h. ft

2 - F W/m - K 1.442 279 E - 01

lbf/in. N/m 1.751 268 E + 02 cal/cm - s - C W/m - K 4.184 000 E + 02Fracture toughness Thermal expansionksi √in. MPa √m 1.098 800 E + 00 in./in. - C m/m - K 1.000 000 E + 00Heat content in./in. - F m/m - K 1.800 000 E + 00Btu/lb kJ/kg 2.326 000 E + 00 Velocitycal/g kJ/kg 4.186 800 E + 00 ft/h m/s 8.466 667 E - 05Heat input ft/min m/s 5.080 000 E - 03J/in. J/m 3.937 008 E + 01 ft/s m/s 3.048 000 E - 01kJ/in. kJ/m 3.937 008 E + 01 in./s m/s 2.540 000 E - 02Length km/h m/s 2.777 778 E - 01Α nm 1.000 000 E - 01 mph km/h 1.609 344 E + 00µin. µm 2.540 000 E - 02 Velocity of rotationmil µm 2.540 000 E + 01 rev/min (rpm) rad/s 1.047 164 E - 01in. mm 2.540 000 E + 01 rev/s rad/s 6.283 185 E + 00in. cm 2.540 000 E + 00 Viscosityft m 3.048 000 E - 01 poise Pa - s 1.000 000 E - 01yd m 9.144 000 E -01 stokes m2/s 1.000 000 E - 04mile km 1.609 300 E + 00 ft

2/s m2/s 9.290 304 E - 02

Mass in.2/s mm2/s 6.451 600 E + 02

oz kg 2.834 952 E - 02 Volumelb kg 4.535 924 E - 01 in.

3m

3 1.638 706 E - 05

ton (short 2000 lb) kg 9.071 847 E + 02 ft3

m3 2.831 685 E - 02

ton (short 2000 lb) kg x 103 9.071 847 E - 01 fluid oz m

3 2.957 353 E - 05

ton (long 2240 lb) kg 1.016 047 E + 03 gal (U.S. liquid) m3 3.785 412 E - 03

kg x 103 = 1 metric ton Volume per unit time

Mass per unit area ft3/min m

3/s 4.719 474 E - 04

oz/in.2

kg/m2 4.395 000 E + 01 ft

3/S m

3/s 2.831 685 E - 02

oz/ft2

kg/m2 3.051 517 E - 01 in.

3/min m

3/s 2.731 177 E - 07

oz/yd2

kg/m2 3.390 575 E - 02 Wavelength

lb/ft2

kg/m2 4.882 428 E + 00 A nm 1.000 000 E - 01

442 Unit Conversion Tables Appendix 1


SI PREFIXESPrefix Symbol Exponential Expression Multiplication Factorpeta P 10

15 1 000 000 000 000 000

tera T 1012 1 000 000 000 000

giga G 109 1 000 000 000

mega M 106 1 000 000

kilo k 103 1 000

hecto h 102 100

deka da 101 10

Base Unit --- 100 1

deci d 10-1 0.1

centi c 10-2 0.01

milli m 10-3 0.001

micro µ 10-6 0.000 001

nano n 10-9 0.000 000 001

pico p 10-12 0.000 000 000 001

femto f 10-15 0.000 000 000 000 001


Appendix

2HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLES

444 Hardness Conversion Tabless Appendix 2


APPROXIMATE HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS FOR NONAUSTENITIC STEELS a,b

Rockwell C Brinell Rockwell A Rockwell Superficial Hardness Approx.150 kgf 3000 kgf Knoop 60 kgf 15 kgf 30 kgf 45 kgf Tensile

Diamond Vickers 10mm ballc 500 gf Diamond Diamond Diamond Diamond StrengthHRC HV HB HK HRA HR15N HR30N HR45N ksi (MPa)68 940 --- 920 85.6 93.2 84.4 75.4 ---67 900 --- 895 85.0 92.9 83.6 74.2 ---66 865 --- 870 84.5 92.5 82.8 73.3 ---65 832 739d 846 83.9 92.2 81.9 72.0 ---64 800 722d 822 83.4 91.8 81.1 71.0 ---63 772 706d 799 82.8 91.4 80.1 69.9 ---62 746 688d 776 82.3 91.1 79.3 68.8 ---61 720 670d 754 81.8 90.7 78.4 67.7 ---60 697 654d 732 81.2 90.2 77.5 66.6 ---59 674 634d 710 80.7 89.8 76.6 65.5 351 (2420)58 653 615 690 80.1 89.3 75.7 64.3 338 (2330)57 633 595 670 79.6 88.9 74.8 63.2 325 (2240)56 613 577 650 79.0 88.3 73.9 62.0 313 (2160)55 595 560 630 78.5 87.9 73.0 60.9 301 (2070)54 577 543 612 78.0 87.4 72.0 59.8 292 (2010)53 560 525 594 77.4 86.9 71.2 58.6 283 (1950)52 544 512 576 76.8 86.4 70.2 57.4 273 (1880)51 528 496 558 76.3 85.9 69.4 56.1 264 (1820)50 513 482 542 75.9 85.5 68.5 55.0 255 (1760)49 498 468 526 75.2 85.0 67.6 53.8 246 (1700)48 484 455 510 74.7 84.5 66.7 52.5 238 (1640)47 471 442 495 74.1 83.9 65.8 51.4 229 (1580)46 458 432 480 73.6 83.5 64.8 50.3 221 (1520)45 446 421 466 73.1 83.0 64.0 49.0 215 (1480)44 434 409 452 72.5 82.5 63.1 47.8 208 (1430)43 423 400 438 72.0 82.0 62.2 46.7 201 (1390)42 412 390 426 71.5 81.5 61.3 45.5 194 (1340)41 402 381 414 70.9 80.9 60.4 44.3 188 (1300)40 392 371 402 70.4 80.4 59.5 43.1 182 (1250)39 382 362 391 69.9 79.9 58.6 41.9 177 (1220)38 372 353 380 69.4 79.4 57.7 40.8 171 (1180)37 363 344 370 68.9 78.8 56.8 39.6 166 (1140)36 354 336 360 68.4 78.3 55.9 38.4 161 (1110)35 345 327 351 67.9 77.7 55.0 37.2 156 (1080)34 336 319 342 67.4 77.2 54.2 36.1 152 (1050)33 327 311 334 66.8 76.6 53.3 34.9 149 (1030)32 318 301 326 66.3 76.1 52.1 33.7 146 (1010)31 310 294 318 65.8 75.6 51.3 32.5 141 (970)30 302 286 311 65.3 75.0 50.4 31.3 138 (950)29 294 279 304 64.6 74.5 49.5 30.1 135 (930)28 286 271 297 64.3 73.9 48.6 28.9 131 (900)27 279 264 290 63.8 73.3 47.7 27.8 128 (880)26 272 258 284 63.3 72.8 46.8 26.7 125 (860)

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Richard A. Moen earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Metallurgical Engineering in 1962from South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. He has over 33 years of experience inthe development, selection, specification, and characterization of structural materials. Thesework experiences have spanned the entire spectrum from research and development to plantdesign, construction, operation, and maintenance. Most of the work was in support of nuclearenergy, including light water, gas, and liquid cooled systems. Many of the materialsapplications required extensions of the bases of knowledge and engineering extrapolations.Some of these applications even required extension of ASME Code rules, which is what ledthe author to Code committee work.

Beginning in late 1969, Mr. Moen became involved with the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code in committees associated with design limits for materials used in elevatedtemperature nuclear construction. Over the years, his ASME Code involvement increased tothe extent that he is now a member of the Main Committee, the Subcommittee on Materials,and the Subcommittee on Nuclear Power, Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication andExamination (SCIII), and the Subgroup on Strength of Ferrous Alloys, and the SpecialWorking Group on Environmental Effects.

After 33 years of continuous employment in industry, Mr. Moen is now self-employed asPresident of Moen Technical Services, providing consultation, support, and training serviceson a wide range of materials issues. Prior training in business administration and experiencein supervision and management, coupled with his organizational skills, provide additionaldimensions to the services offered.

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