c questions

C Questions Note : All the programs are tested under Turbo C/C++ compilers.

It is assumed that, Programs run under DOS environment, The underlying machine is an x86 system, Program is compiled using Turbo C/C++ compiler.

The program output may depend on the information based on this assumptions (for example sizeof(int) == 2 may be assumed). Predict the output or error(s) for the following: 1. void main()

{ int const * p=5; printf("%d",++(*p));

}Answer:

Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value.Explanation:

p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried to change the value of the "constant integer". 2. main()

{ char s[ ]="man"; int i; for(i=0;s[ i ];i++) printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);

}Answer:

mmmm aaaa nnnn

Explanation:s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea.

Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s] may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i].

3. main(){

float me = 1.1; double you = 1.1; if(me==you)

printf("I love U");else

printf("I hate U");}

Answer:I hate U

Explanation:For floating point numbers (float, double, long double) the values cannot

be predicted exactly. Depending on the number of bytes, the precession with of the value represented varies. Float takes 4 bytes and long double takes 10 bytes. So float stores 0.9 with less precision than long double.

Rule of Thumb:Never compare or at-least be cautious when using floating point numbers

with relational operators (== , >, <, <=, >=,!= ) . 4. main() { static int var = 5; printf("%d ",var--); if(var) main(); }

Answer:5 4 3 2 1

Explanation:When static storage class is given, it is initialized once. The change in the

value of a static variable is retained even between the function calls. Main is also treated like any other ordinary function, which can be called recursively. 5. main()

{ int c[ ]={2.8,3.4,4,6.7,5}; int j,*p=c,*q=c; for(j=0;j<5;j++) { printf(" %d ",*c); ++q; } for(j=0;j<5;j++){

printf(" %d ",*p);++p; }

}

Answer: 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 6 5 Explanation:

Initially pointer c is assigned to both p and q. In the first loop, since only q is incremented and not c , the value 2 will be printed 5 times. In second loop p itself is incremented. So the values 2 3 4 6 5 will be printed. 6. main()

{ extern int i; i=20;

printf("%d",i);}

Answer:

Linker Error : Undefined symbol '_i'Explanation:

extern storage class in the following declaration, extern int i;specifies to the compiler that the memory for i is allocated in some other program and that address will be given to the current program at the time of linking. But linker finds that no other variable of name i is available in any other program with memory space allocated for it. Hence a linker error has occurred . 7. main()

{ int i=-1,j=-1,k=0,l=2,m; m=i++&&j++&&k++||l++; printf("%d %d %d %d %d",i,j,k,l,m);

}Answer:

0 0 1 3 1Explanation :

Logical operations always give a result of 1 or 0 . And also the logical AND (&&) operator has higher priority over the logical OR (||) operator. So the expression ‘i++ && j++ && k++’ is executed first. The result of this expression is 0 (-1 && -1 && 0 = 0). Now the expression is 0 || 2 which evaluates to 1 (because OR operator always gives 1 except for ‘0 || 0’ combination- for which it gives 0). So the value of m is 1. The values of other variables are also incremented by 1.

8. main(){

char *p; printf("%d %d ",sizeof(*p),sizeof(p));

}

Answer: 1 2

Explanation:The sizeof() operator gives the number of bytes taken by its operand. P is

a character pointer, which needs one byte for storing its value (a character). Hence sizeof(*p) gives a value of 1. Since it needs two bytes to store the address of the character pointer sizeof(p) gives 2. 9. main()

{ int i=3; switch(i) { default:printf("zero"); case 1: printf("one"); break; case 2:printf("two"); break; case 3: printf("three"); break; }

}Answer :

threeExplanation :

The default case can be placed anywhere inside the loop. It is executed only when all other cases doesn't match. 10. main()

{ printf("%x",-1<<4);

}Answer:

fff0Explanation :

-1 is internally represented as all 1's. When left shifted four times the least significant 4 bits are filled with 0's.The %x format specifier specifies that the integer value be printed as a hexadecimal value.

11. main()

{ char string[]="Hello World"; display(string);

}void display(char *string){

printf("%s",string);}

Answer:Compiler Error : Type mismatch in redeclaration of function display

Explanation :In third line, when the function display is encountered, the compiler

doesn't know anything about the function display. It assumes the arguments and return types to be integers, (which is the default type). When it sees the actual function display, the arguments and type contradicts with what it has assumed previously. Hence a compile time error occurs. 12. main()

{ int c=- -2; printf("c=%d",c);

}Answer:

c=2; Explanation:

Here unary minus (or negation) operator is used twice. Same maths rules applies, ie. minus * minus= plus.

Note:However you cannot give like --2. Because -- operator can only be

applied to variables as a decrement operator (eg., i--). 2 is a constant and not a variable. 13. #define int char

main(){

int i=65; printf("sizeof(i)=%d",sizeof(i));

}Answer:

sizeof(i)=1Explanation:

Since the #define replaces the string int by the macro char

14. main(){

int i=10;i=!i>14;Printf ("i=%d",i);

}Answer:

i=0 Explanation:

In the expression !i>14 , NOT (!) operator has more precedence than ‘ >’ symbol. ! is a unary logical operator. !i (!10) is 0 (not of true is false). 0>14 is false (zero). 15. #include<stdio.h>

main(){

char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','\0'};char *p,*str,*str1;p=&s[3];str=p;str1=s;printf("%d",++*p + ++*str1-32);

}Answer:

77 Explanation:p is pointing to character '\n'. str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p. "p is pointing

to '\n' and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10, which is then incremented to 11. The value of ++*p is 11. ++*str1, str1 is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b' is 98.

Now performing (11 + 98 – 32), we get 77("M");So we get the output 77 :: "M" (Ascii is 77).

16. #include<stdio.h>

main(){

int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8} };int *p,*q;p=&a[2][2][2];*q=***a;printf("%d----%d",*p,*q);

}

Answer:SomeGarbageValue---1

Explanation:p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays, but you are trying to

access the third 2D(which you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of a is assigned integer pointer. Now q is pointing to starting address of a. If you print *q, it will print first element of 3D array. 17. #include<stdio.h>

main(){

struct xx{ int x=3; char name[]="hello";};struct xx *s;printf("%d",s->x);printf("%s",s->name);

} Answer:

Compiler ErrorExplanation:

You should not initialize variables in declaration 18. #include<stdio.h>

main(){

struct xx{

int x;struct yy{

char s; struct xx *p;

};struct yy *q;

};}

Answer:Compiler Error

Explanation:The structure yy is nested within structure xx. Hence, the elements are of

yy are to be accessed through the instance of structure xx, which needs an instance of yy to be known. If the instance is created after defining the structure the compiler will not

know about the instance relative to xx. Hence for nested structure yy you have to declare member. 19. main()

{printf("\nab");printf("\bsi");printf("\rha");

}Answer:

haiExplanation:

\n - newline\b - backspace\r - linefeed

20. main()

{int i=5;printf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",i++,i--,++i,--i,i);

}Answer:

45545Explanation:

The arguments in a function call are pushed into the stack from left to right. The evaluation is by popping out from the stack. and the evaluation is from right to left, hence the result. 21. #define square(x) x*x

main(){

int i;i = 64/square(4);printf("%d",i);

}Answer:

64Explanation:

the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i = 64/4*4 . Since / and * has equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4 = 64

22. main(){

char *p="hai friends",*p1;p1=p;while(*p!='\0') ++*p++;printf("%s %s",p,p1);

}Answer:

ibj!gsjfoet Explanation: ++*p++ will be parse in the given order *p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken ++*p the retrieved value will be incremented when ; is encountered the location will be incremented that is p++ will be executedHence, in the while loop initial value pointed by p is ‘h’, which is changed to ‘i’ by executing ++*p and pointer moves to point, ‘a’ which is similarly changed to ‘b’ and so on. Similarly blank space is converted to ‘!’. Thus, we obtain value in p becomes “ibj!gsjfoet” and since p reaches ‘\0’ and p1 points to p thus p1doesnot print anything. 23. #include <stdio.h>

#define a 10main(){

#define a 50printf("%d",a);

}Answer:

50Explanation:

The preprocessor directives can be redefined anywhere in the program. So the most recently assigned value will be taken. 24. #define clrscr() 100

main(){

clrscr();printf("%d\n",clrscr());

}Answer:

100Explanation:

Preprocessor executes as a seperate pass before the execution of the compiler. So textual replacement of clrscr() to 100 occurs.The input program to compiler looks like this :

main() { 100; printf("%d\n",100); } Note:

100; is an executable statement but with no action. So it doesn't give any problem

25. main()

{printf("%p",main);

}Answer:

Some address will be printed.Explanation: Function names are just addresses (just like array names are addresses).

main() is also a function. So the address of function main will be printed. %p in printf specifies that the argument is an address. They are printed as hexadecimal numbers. 27) main()

{clrscr();}clrscr();

Answer:

No output/errorExplanation:

The first clrscr() occurs inside a function. So it becomes a function call. In the second clrscr(); is a function declaration (because it is not inside any function).

28) enum colors {BLACK,BLUE,GREEN}

main(){ printf("%d..%d..%d",BLACK,BLUE,GREEN); return(1);}Answer:

0..1..2Explanation:

enum assigns numbers starting from 0, if not explicitly defined.

29) void main()

{char far *farther,*farthest; printf("%d..%d",sizeof(farther),sizeof(farthest)); }Answer:

4..2 Explanation: the second pointer is of char type and not a far pointer

30) main()

{int i=400,j=300;printf("%d..%d");}Answer:

400..300Explanation:

printf takes the values of the first two assignments of the program. Any number of printf's may be given. All of them take only the first two values. If more number of assignments given in the program,then printf will take garbage values.

31) main()

{char *p;p="Hello";printf("%c\n",*&*p);}Answer:

HExplanation:

* is a dereference operator & is a reference operator. They can be applied any number of times provided it is meaningful. Here p points to the first character in the string "Hello". *p dereferences it and so its value is H. Again & references it to an address and * dereferences it to the value H.

32) main(){ int i=1; while (i<=5) { printf("%d",i); if (i>2) goto here; i++; }}fun(){ here: printf("PP");}Answer:

Compiler error: Undefined label 'here' in function mainExplanation:

Labels have functions scope, in other words The scope of the labels is limited to functions . The label 'here' is available in function fun() Hence it is not visible in function main.

33) main()

{ static char names[5][20]={"pascal","ada","cobol","fortran","perl"}; int i; char *t; t=names[3]; names[3]=names[4]; names[4]=t; for (i=0;i<=4;i++) printf("%s",names[i]);}Answer:

Compiler error: Lvalue required in function mainExplanation:

Array names are pointer constants. So it cannot be modified. 34) void main()

{ int i=5; printf("%d",i++ + ++i);}

Answer:Output Cannot be predicted exactly.

Explanation:Side effects are involved in the evaluation of i

35) void main()

{ int i=5; printf("%d",i+++++i);}Answer:


The expression i+++++i is parsed as i ++ ++ + i which is an illegal combination of operators.

36) #include<stdio.h>

main(){int i=1,j=2;switch(i){case 1: printf("GOOD"); break;case j: printf("BAD"); break;}}Answer:

Compiler Error: Constant expression required in function main.Explanation:

The case statement can have only constant expressions (this implies that we cannot use variable names directly so an error).

Note:Enumerated types can be used in case statements.

37) main(){int i;printf("%d",scanf("%d",&i)); // value 10 is given as input here}

Answer:1

Explanation:Scanf returns number of items successfully read and not 1/0. Here 10 is given as input which should have been scanned successfully. So number of items read is 1.

38) #define f(g,g2) g##g2

main(){int var12=100;printf("%d",f(var,12));

}Answer:

100 39) main()

{int i=0; for(;i++;printf("%d",i)) ;

printf("%d",i);}Answer: 1Explanation:

before entering into the for loop the checking condition is "evaluated". Here it evaluates to 0 (false) and comes out of the loop, and i is incremented (note the semicolon after the for loop).


main(){ char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','\0'}; char *p,*str,*str1; p=&s[3]; str=p; str1=s; printf("%d",++*p + ++*str1-32);}Answer:

MExplanation:

p is pointing to character '\n'.str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p meAnswer:"p is pointing to '\n' and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10. then it is incremented to 11. the value of ++*p is 11. +

+*str1 meAnswer:"str1 is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b' is 98. both 11 and 98 is added and result is subtracted from 32.i.e. (11+98-32)=77("M");


main(){ struct xx { int x=3; char name[]="hello"; };struct xx *s=malloc(sizeof(struct xx));printf("%d",s->x);printf("%s",s->name);}Answer:


Initialization should not be done for structure members inside the structure declaration


main(){struct xx{

int x; struct yy { char s; struct xx *p; }; struct yy *q; }; }

Answer:Compiler Error

Explanation:in the end of nested structure yy a member have to be declared.

43) main()

{extern int i;i=20;printf("%d",sizeof(i));}Answer:

Linker error: undefined symbol '_i'.Explanation:

extern declaration specifies that the variable i is defined somewhere else. The compiler passes the external variable to be resolved by the linker. So compiler doesn't find an error. During linking the linker searches for the definition of i. Since it is not found the linker flags an error.

44) main()

{printf("%d", out);}int out=100;Answer:

Compiler error: undefined symbol out in function main.Explanation:

The rule is that a variable is available for use from the point of declaration. Even though a is a global variable, it is not available for main. Hence an error.

45) main(){extern out;printf("%d", out);}int out=100;Answer:

100 Explanation:

This is the correct way of writing the previous program. 46) main()

{show();}void show(){printf("I'm the greatest");}

Answer:Compier error: Type mismatch in redeclaration of show.

Explanation:When the compiler sees the function show it doesn't know anything about it. So the default return type (ie, int) is assumed. But when compiler sees the actual definition of show mismatch occurs since it is declared as void. Hence the error.The solutions are as follows:

1. declare void show() in main() .2. define show() before main().3. declare extern void show() before the use of show().

47) main( )

{ int a[2][3][2] = {{{2,4},{7,8},{3,4}},{{2,2},{2,3},{3,4}}}; printf(“%u %u %u %d \n”,a,*a,**a,***a);

printf(“%u %u %u %d \n”,a+1,*a+1,**a+1,***a+1); }

Answer:100, 100, 100, 2114, 104, 102, 3

Explanation: The given array is a 3-D one. It can also be viewed as a 1-D array.

2 4 7 8 3 4 2 2 2 3 3 4 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122

thus, for the first printf statement a, *a, **a give address of first element . since the indirection ***a gives the value. Hence, the first line of the output.for the second printf a+1 increases in the third dimension thus points to value at 114, *a+1 increments in second dimension thus points to 104, **a +1 increments the first dimension thus points to 102 and ***a+1 first gets the value at first location and then increments it by 1. Hence, the output.

48) main( ){ int a[ ] = {10,20,30,40,50},j,*p; for(j=0; j<5; j++) {

printf(“%d” ,*a);a++;

} p = a;

for(j=0; j<5; j++) {

printf(“%d ” ,*p);p++;

}}Answer:

Compiler error: lvalue required. Explanation:

Error is in line with statement a++. The operand must be an lvalue and may be of any of scalar type for the any operator, array name only when subscripted is an lvalue. Simply array name is a non-modifiable lvalue.

49) main( ){static int a[ ] = {0,1,2,3,4};int *p[ ] = {a,a+1,a+2,a+3,a+4};int **ptr = p;ptr++;printf(“\n %d %d %d”, ptr-p, *ptr-a, **ptr);*ptr++;printf(“\n %d %d %d”, ptr-p, *ptr-a, **ptr);*++ptr;printf(“\n %d %d %d”, ptr-p, *ptr-a, **ptr);++*ptr;

printf(“\n %d %d %d”, ptr-p, *ptr-a, **ptr);}Answer: 111 222 333 344Explanation:

Let us consider the array and the two pointers with some addressa

0 1 2 3 4 100 102 104 106 108

p100 102 104 106 108

1000 1002 1004 1006 1008 ptr

10002000

After execution of the instruction ptr++ value in ptr becomes 1002, if scaling factor for integer is 2 bytes. Now ptr – p is value in ptr – starting

location of array p, (1002 – 1000) / (scaling factor) = 1, *ptr – a = value at address pointed by ptr – starting value of array a, 1002 has a value 102 so the value is (102 – 100)/(scaling factor) = 1, **ptr is the value stored in the location pointed by the pointer of ptr = value pointed by value pointed by 1002 = value pointed by 102 = 1. Hence the output of the firs printf is 1, 1, 1.After execution of *ptr++ increments value of the value in ptr by scaling factor, so it becomes1004. Hence, the outputs for the second printf are ptr – p = 2, *ptr – a = 2, **ptr = 2.After execution of *++ptr increments value of the value in ptr by scaling factor, so it becomes1004. Hence, the outputs for the third printf are ptr – p = 3, *ptr – a = 3, **ptr = 3.After execution of ++*ptr value in ptr remains the same, the value pointed by the value is incremented by the scaling factor. So the value in array p at location 1006 changes from 106 10 108,. Hence, the outputs for the fourth printf are ptr – p = 1006 – 1000 = 3, *ptr – a = 108 – 100 = 4, **ptr = 4.

50) main( )

{char *q;int j;for (j=0; j<3; j++) scanf(“%s” ,(q+j));for (j=0; j<3; j++) printf(“%c” ,*(q+j));for (j=0; j<3; j++) printf(“%s” ,(q+j));}Explanation:

Here we have only one pointer to type char and since we take input in the same pointer thus we keep writing over in the same location, each time shifting the pointer value by 1. Suppose the inputs are MOUSE, TRACK and VIRTUAL. Then for the first input suppose the pointer starts at location 100 then the input one is stored as

M O U S E \0

When the second input is given the pointer is incremented as j value becomes 1, so the input is filled in memory starting from 101.

M T R A C K \0The third input starts filling from the location 102

M T V I R T U A L \0This is the final value stored .The first printf prints the values at the position q, q+1 and q+2 = M T VThe second printf prints three strings starting from locations q, q+1, q+2i.e MTVIRTUAL, TVIRTUAL and VIRTUAL.

51) main( )

{void *vp;char ch = ‘g’, *cp = “goofy”;int j = 20;vp = &ch;printf(“%c”, *(char *)vp);vp = &j;printf(“%d”,*(int *)vp);vp = cp;printf(“%s”,(char *)vp + 3);}Answer: g20fyExplanation:

Since a void pointer is used it can be type casted to any other type pointer. vp = &ch stores address of char ch and the next statement prints the value stored in vp after type casting it to the proper data type pointer. the output is ‘g’. Similarly the output from second printf is ‘20’. The third printf statement type casts it to print the string from the 4 th value hence the output is ‘fy’.

52) main ( )

{static char *s[ ] = {“black”, “white”, “yellow”, “violet”};char **ptr[ ] = {s+3, s+2, s+1, s}, ***p;p = ptr;**++p;printf(“%s”,*--*++p + 3);}Answer: ckExplanation:

In this problem we have an array of char pointers pointing to start of 4 strings. Then we have ptr which is a pointer to a pointer of type char and a variable p which is a pointer to a pointer to a pointer of type char. p hold the initial value of ptr, i.e. p = s+3. The next statement increment value in p by 1 , thus now value of p = s+2. In the printf statement the expression is evaluated *++p causes gets value s+1 then the pre decrement is executed and we get s+1 – 1 = s . the indirection operator now gets the value from the array of s and adds 3 to the starting address. The string is printed starting from this position. Thus, the output is ‘ck’.

53) main()

{int i, n;char *x = “girl”;n = strlen(x);*x = x[n];for(i=0; i<n; ++i) {

printf(“%s\n”,x);x++;

}}Answer:

(blank space)irlrll

Explanation:

Here a string (a pointer to char) is initialized with a value “girl”. The strlen function returns the length of the string, thus n has a value 4. The next statement assigns value at the nth location (‘\0’) to the first location. Now the string becomes “\0irl” . Now the printf statement prints the string after each iteration it increments it starting position. Loop starts from 0 to 4. The first time x[0] = ‘\0’ hence it prints nothing and pointer value is incremented. The second time it prints from x[1] i.e “irl” and the third time it prints “rl” and the last time it prints “l” and the loop terminates.

54) int i,j; for(i=0;i<=10;i++) { j+=5; assert(i<5); }

Answer:Runtime error: Abnormal program termination.

assert failed (i<5), <file name>,<line number>Explanation:

asserts are used during debugging to make sure that certain conditions are satisfied. If assertion fails, the program will terminate reporting the same. After debugging use, #undef NDEBUGand this will disable all the assertions from the source code. Assertionis a good debugging tool to make use of.

55) main() { int i=-1; +i; printf("i = %d, +i = %d \n",i,+i); }

Answer:i = -1, +i = -1

Explanation:Unary + is the only dummy operator in C. Where-ever it comes you can

just ignore it just because it has no effect in the expressions (hence the name dummy operator).

56) What are the files which are automatically opened when a C file is executed?

Answer:stdin, stdout, stderr (standard input,standard output,standard error).

57) what will be the position of the file marker? a: fseek(ptr,0,SEEK_SET); b: fseek(ptr,0,SEEK_CUR);

Answer : a: The SEEK_SET sets the file position marker to the starting of the file.

b: The SEEK_CUR sets the file position marker to the current position of the file.

58) main() { char name[10],s[12]; scanf(" \"%[^\"]\"",s); } How scanf will execute?

Answer:First it checks for the leading white space and discards it.Then it matches with a quotation mark and then it reads all character upto another quotation mark.

59) What is the problem with the following code segment? while ((fgets(receiving array,50,file_ptr)) != EOF) ;

Answer & Explanation:fgets returns a pointer. So the correct end of file check is checking for != NULL.

60) main() { main(); }

Answer:Runtime error : Stack overflow.

Explanation:main function calls itself again and again. Each time the function is called its return address is stored in the call stack. Since there is no condition to terminate the function call, the call stack overflows at runtime. So it terminates the program and results in an error.

61) main() { char *cptr,c; void *vptr,v; c=10; v=0; cptr=&c; vptr=&v; printf("%c%v",c,v); }

Answer:Compiler error (at line number 4): size of v is Unknown.

Explanation:You can create a variable of type void * but not of type void, since void is an empty type. In the second line you are creating variable vptr of type void * and v of type void hence an error.

62) main() { char *str1="abcd"; char str2[]="abcd"; printf("%d %d %d",sizeof(str1),sizeof(str2),sizeof("abcd")); }

Answer:2 5 5

Explanation:In first sizeof, str1 is a character pointer so it gives you the size of the pointer variable. In second sizeof the name str2 indicates the name of the array whose size is 5 (including the '\0' termination character). The third sizeof is similar to the second one.

63) main() { char not; not=!2; printf("%d",not); }

Answer:0

Explanation:! is a logical operator. In C the value 0 is considered to be the boolean value FALSE, and any non-zero value is considered to be the boolean value TRUE. Here 2 is a non-zero value so TRUE. !TRUE is FALSE (0) so it prints 0.

64) #define FALSE -1 #define TRUE 1 #define NULL 0 main() { if(NULL) puts("NULL"); else if(FALSE) puts("TRUE"); else puts("FALSE"); }

Answer:TRUE

Explanation:The input program to the compiler after processing by the preprocessor is,

main(){ if(0) puts("NULL");

else if(-1) puts("TRUE");

else puts("FALSE"); }

Preprocessor doesn't replace the values given inside the double quotes. The check by if condition is boolean value false so it goes to else. In second if -1 is boolean value true hence "TRUE" is printed.

65) main() { int k=1; printf("%d==1 is ""%s",k,k==1?"TRUE":"FALSE"); }

Answer:1==1 is TRUE

Explanation:When two strings are placed together (or separated by white-space) they are concatenated (this is called as "stringization" operation). So the string is as if it is given as "%d==1 is %s". The conditional operator( ?: ) evaluates to "TRUE".

66) main() { int y; scanf("%d",&y); // input given is 2000 if( (y%4==0 && y%100 != 0) || y%100 == 0 ) printf("%d is a leap year"); else printf("%d is not a leap year"); }

Answer:2000 is a leap year

Explanation:An ordinary program to check if leap year or not.

67) #define max 5 #define int arr1[max] main() { typedef char arr2[max]; arr1 list={0,1,2,3,4}; arr2 name="name"; printf("%d %s",list[0],name); }

Answer:Compiler error (in the line arr1 list = {0,1,2,3,4})

Explanation:arr2 is declared of type array of size 5 of characters. So it can be used to declare the variable name of the type arr2. But it is not the case of arr1. Hence an error.

Rule of Thumb:

#defines are used for textual replacement whereas typedefs are used for declaring new types.

68) int i=10; main() { extern int i; { int i=20; { const volatile unsigned i=30; printf("%d",i); } printf("%d",i); } printf("%d",i); }

Answer:30,20,10

Explanation:'{' introduces new block and thus new scope. In the innermost block i is declared as,

const volatile unsignedwhich is a valid declaration. i is assumed of type int. So printf prints 30. In the next block, i has value 20 and so printf prints 20. In the outermost block, i is declared as extern, so no storage space is allocated for it. After compilation is over the linker resolves it to global variable i (since it is the only variable visible there). So it prints i's value as 10.

69) main() { int *j; { int i=10; j=&i; } printf("%d",*j);

}Answer:

10Explanation:

The variable i is a block level variable and the visibility is inside that block only. But the lifetime of i is lifetime of the function so it lives upto the exit of main function. Since the i is still allocated space, *j prints the value stored in i since j points i.

70) main() { int i=-1; -i; printf("i = %d, -i = %d \n",i,-i); }

Answer:i = -1, -i = 1

Explanation:-i is executed and this execution doesn't affect the value of i. In printf first you just print the value of i. After that the value of the expression -i = -(-1) is printed.

71) #include<stdio.h>main(){ const int i=4; float j; j = ++i; printf("%d %f", i,++j);}Answer:

Compiler error Explanation:

i is a constant. you cannot change the value of constant 72) #include<stdio.h>

main(){ int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8} }; int *p,*q; p=&a[2][2][2]; *q=***a; printf("%d..%d",*p,*q);}Answer:

garbagevalue..1Explanation:

p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays. but you are trying to access the third 2D(which you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of a is assigned integer pointer. now q is pointing to starting address of a.if you print *q meAnswer:it will print first element of 3D array.


main() { register i=5; char j[]= "hello"; printf("%s %d",j,i);}Answer:

hello 5Explanation:

if you declare i as register compiler will treat it as ordinary integer and it will take integer value. i value may be stored either in register or in memory.

74) main()

{ int i=5,j=6,z; printf("%d",i+++j); }

Answer:11

Explanation:the expression i+++j is treated as (i++ + j)

76) struct aaa{

struct aaa *prev;int i;struct aaa *next;};

main(){struct aaa abc,def,ghi,jkl;int x=100;abc.i=0;abc.prev=&jkl;abc.next=&def;def.i=1;def.prev=&abc;def.next=&ghi;ghi.i=2;ghi.prev=&def;ghi.next=&jkl;jkl.i=3;jkl.prev=&ghi;jkl.next=&abc;x=abc.next->next->prev->next->i;printf("%d",x);}Answer:

2Explanation:

above all statements form a double circular linked list;abc.next->next->prev->next->ithis one points to "ghi" node the value of at particular node is 2.

77) struct point

{int x;int y;};struct point origin,*pp;main(){pp=&origin;printf("origin is(%d%d)\n",(*pp).x,(*pp).y);printf("origin is (%d%d)\n",pp->x,pp->y);}

Answer:

origin is(0,0)origin is(0,0)

Explanation:pp is a pointer to structure. we can access the elements of the structure either with arrow mark or with indirection operator.

Note:Since structure point is globally declared x & y are initialized as zeroes

78) main()

{int i=_l_abc(10);

printf("%d\n",--i);}int _l_abc(int i){return(i++);}Answer:

9Explanation:

return(i++) it will first return i and then increments. i.e. 10 will be returned.

79) main()

{char *p;int *q;long *r;p=q=r=0;p++;q++;r++;printf("%p...%p...%p",p,q,r);}Answer:

0001...0002...0004Explanation:

++ operator when applied to pointers increments address according to their corresponding data-types.

80) main()

{char c=' ',x,convert(z);getc(c);if((c>='a') && (c<='z'))x=convert(c);printf("%c",x);}convert(z){ return z-32;}Answer:

Compiler errorExplanation:

declaration of convert and format of getc() are wrong. 81) main(int argc, char **argv)

{printf("enter the character");getchar();sum(argv[1],argv[2]);}sum(num1,num2)int num1,num2;{

return num1+num2;}Answer:

Compiler error.Explanation:

argv[1] & argv[2] are strings. They are passed to the function sum without converting it to integer values.

82) # include <stdio.h>

int one_d[]={1,2,3};main(){int *ptr;ptr=one_d;ptr+=3;printf("%d",*ptr);}Answer:

garbage valueExplanation:

ptr pointer is pointing to out of the array range of one_d. 83) # include<stdio.h>

aaa() { printf("hi");}bbb(){printf("hello");}ccc(){printf("bye");}main(){ int (*ptr[3])(); ptr[0]=aaa; ptr[1]=bbb; ptr[2]=ccc; ptr[2]();}Answer:

byeExplanation:

ptr is array of pointers to functions of return type int.ptr[0] is assigned to address of the function aaa. Similarly ptr[1] and ptr[2] for bbb and ccc respectively. ptr[2]() is in effect of writing ccc(), since ptr[2] points to ccc.


main(){FILE *ptr;char i;ptr=fopen("zzz.c","r");while((i=fgetch(ptr))!=EOF)

printf("%c",i);}Answer:

contents of zzz.c followed by an infinite loop Explanation:

The condition is checked against EOF, it should be checked against NULL.

86) main()

{int i =0;j=0;if(i && j++) printf("%d..%d",i++,j);printf("%d..%d,i,j);}Answer:

0..0Explanation:

The value of i is 0. Since this information is enough to determine the truth value of the boolean expression. So the statement following the if statement is not executed. The values of i and j remain unchanged and get printed.

87) main()

{int i;i = abc();printf("%d",i);}abc(){_AX = 1000;}Answer:

1000Explanation:

Normally the return value from the function is through the information from the accumulator. Here _AH is the pseudo global variable denoting the accumulator. Hence, the value of the accumulator is set 1000 so the function returns value 1000.

88) int i; main(){

int t;for ( t=4;scanf("%d",&i)-t;printf("%d\n",i)) printf("%d--",t--);

} // If the inputs are 0,1,2,3 find the o/p

Answer: 4--0

3--1 2--2

Explanation:Let us assume some x= scanf("%d",&i)-t the values during execution

will be, t i x 4 0 -4 3 1 -2 2 2 0

89) main(){

int a= 0;int b = 20;char x =1;char y =10; if(a,b,x,y) printf("hello");}Answer:

helloExplanation:

The comma operator has associativity from left to right. Only the rightmost value is returned and the other values are evaluated and ignored. Thus the value of last variable y is returned to check in if. Since it is a non zero value if becomes true so, "hello" will be printed.

90) main(){unsigned int i;for(i=1;i>-2;i--)

printf("c aptitude");}Explanation:

i is an unsigned integer. It is compared with a signed value. Since the both types doesn't match, signed is promoted to unsigned value. The unsigned

equivalent of -2 is a huge value so condition becomes false and control comes out of the loop.

91) In the following pgm add a stmt in the function fun such that the address of

'a' gets stored in 'j'.main(){ int * j; void fun(int **); fun(&j);}void fun(int **k) { int a =0; /* add a stmt here*/}Answer:

*k = &aExplanation:

The argument of the function is a pointer to a pointer. 92) What are the following notations of defining functions known as?

i. int abc(int a,float b) { /* some code */

}ii. int abc(a,b) int a; float b;

{ /* some code*/ }

Answer:i. ANSI C notationii. Kernighan & Ritche notation

93) main()

{char *p;p="%d\n";

p++; p++; printf(p-2,300);

}Answer: 300Explanation:

The pointer points to % since it is incremented twice and again decremented by 2, it points to '%d\n' and 300 is printed.

94) main(){

char a[100];a[0]='a';a[1]]='b';a[2]='c';a[4]='d';abc(a);}abc(char a[]){a++;

printf("%c",*a);a++;printf("%c",*a);}Explanation:

The base address is modified only in function and as a result a points to 'b' then after incrementing to 'c' so bc will be printed.

95) func(a,b)

int a,b;{

return( a= (a==b) );}main(){int process(),func();printf("The value of process is %d !\n ",process(func,3,6));}process(pf,val1,val2)int (*pf) ();int val1,val2;{return((*pf) (val1,val2));}Answer:

The value if process is 0 !Explanation:

The function 'process' has 3 parameters - 1, a pointer to another function 2 and 3, integers. When this function is invoked from main, the following substitutions for formal parameters take place: func for pf, 3 for val1 and 6 for val2. This function returns the result of the operation performed by the function 'func'. The function func has two integer parameters. The formal parameters are substituted as 3 for a and 6 for b. since 3 is not equal to 6, a==b returns 0. therefore the function returns 0 which in turn is returned by the function 'process'.

96) void main()

{ static int i=5; if(--i){ main(); printf("%d ",i); }}Answer:

0 0 0 0Explanation: The variable "I" is declared as static, hence memory for I will be allocated for only once, as it encounters the statement. The function main() will be called recursively unless I becomes equal to 0, and since main() is recursively called, so the value of static I ie., 0 will be printed every time the control is returned.

97) void main(){ int k=ret(sizeof(float)); printf("\n here value is %d",++k);}int ret(int ret){ ret += 2.5; return(ret);}Answer:

Here value is 7Explanation: The int ret(int ret), ie., the function name and the argument name can be

the same. Firstly, the function ret() is called in which the sizeof(float) ie., 4 is passed, after the first expression the value in ret will be 6, as ret is integer hence the value stored in ret will have implicit type conversion from float to int. The ret is returned in main() it is printed after and preincrement.

98) void main(){ char a[]="12345\0"; int i=strlen(a); printf("here in 3 %d\n",++i);}

Answer:here in 3 6

Explanation: The char array 'a' will hold the initialized string, whose length will be counted from 0 till the null character. Hence the 'I' will hold the value equal to 5, after the pre-increment in the printf statement, the 6 will be printed.

99) void main(){ unsigned giveit=-1; int gotit; printf("%u ",++giveit); printf("%u \n",gotit=--giveit);}Answer:

0 65535Explanation:

100) void main(){ int i; char a[]="\0"; if(printf("%s\n",a)) printf("Ok here \n"); else printf("Forget it\n");}Answer:

Ok hereExplanation:

Printf will return how many characters does it print. Hence printing a null character returns 1 which makes the if statement true, thus "Ok here" is printed.

101) void main()

{ void *v; int integer=2; int *i=&integer; v=i; printf("%d",(int*)*v);}Answer:

Compiler Error. We cannot apply indirection on type void*.Explanation:

Void pointer is a generic pointer type. No pointer arithmetic can be done on it. Void pointers are normally used for,1. Passing generic pointers to functions and returning such pointers.2. As a intermediate pointer type.3. Used when the exact pointer type will be known at a later point of

time.

102) void main(){ int i=i++,j=j++,k=k++;

printf(“%d%d%d”,i,j,k);}Answer:

Garbage values.Explanation:

An identifier is available to use in program code from the point of its declaration.

So expressions such as i = i++ are valid statements. The i, j and k are automatic variables and so they contain some garbage value. Garbage in is garbage out (GIGO).

103) void main()

{ static int i=i++, j=j++, k=k++;

printf(“i = %d j = %d k = %d”, i, j, k);}Answer:

i = 1 j = 1 k = 1Explanation:

Since static variables are initialized to zero by default.

104) void main(){ while(1){ if(printf("%d",printf("%d"))) break; else continue; }}Answer:

Garbage valuesExplanation:

The inner printf executes first to print some garbage value. The printf returns no of characters printed and this value also cannot be predicted.

Still the outer printf prints something and so returns a non-zero value. So it encounters the break statement and comes out of the while statement.

104) main()

{ unsigned int i=10; while(i-->=0) printf("%u ",i);

}Answer: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 65535 65534…..Explanation:

Since i is an unsigned integer it can never become negative. So the expression i-- >=0 will always be true, leading to an infinite loop.

105) #include<conio.h>

main(){ int x,y=2,z,a; if(x=y%2) z=2; a=2; printf("%d %d ",z,x);}Answer:

Garbage-value 0Explanation:

The value of y%2 is 0. This value is assigned to x. The condition reduces to if (x) or in other words if(0) and so z goes uninitialized.

Thumb Rule: Check all control paths to write bug free code.

106) main(){ int a[10]; printf("%d",*a+1-*a+3);}Answer:

4 Explanation: *a and -*a cancels out. The result is as simple as 1 + 3 = 4 !

107) #define prod(a,b) a*bmain(){ int x=3,y=4;

printf("%d",prod(x+2,y-1));}Answer:

10Explanation: The macro expands and evaluates to as: x+2*y-1 => x+(2*y)-1 => 10

108) main(){ unsigned int i=65000; while(i++!=0); printf("%d",i);}Answer:

1Explanation:

Note the semicolon after the while statement. When the value of i becomes 0 it comes out of while loop. Due to post-increment on i the value of i while printing is 1.

109) main()

{ int i=0; while(+(+i--)!=0) i-=i++; printf("%d",i);}Answer:

-1Explanation:

Unary + is the only dummy operator in C. So it has no effect on the expression and now the while loop is, while(i--!=0) which is false and so breaks out of while loop. The value –1 is printed due to the post-decrement operator.

113) main()

{ float f=5,g=10; enum{i=10,j=20,k=50}; printf("%d\n",++k); printf("%f\n",f<<2); printf("%lf\n",f%g); printf("%lf\n",fmod(f,g));}Answer:

Line no 5: Error: Lvalue requiredLine no 6: Cannot apply leftshift to floatLine no 7: Cannot apply mod to float

Explanation: Enumeration constants cannot be modified, so you cannot apply ++. Bit-wise operators and % operators cannot be applied on float values. fmod() is to find the modulus values for floats as % operator is for ints. 110) main()

{ int i=10; void pascal f(int,int,int);

f(i++,i++,i++); printf(" %d",i);}void pascal f(integer :i,integer:j,integer :k){

write(i,j,k);}Answer:

Compiler error: unknown type integerCompiler error: undeclared function write

Explanation:Pascal keyword doesn’t mean that pascal code can be used. It means that

the function follows Pascal argument passing mechanism in calling the functions.

111) void pascal f(int i,int j,int k){

printf(“%d %d %d”,i, j, k);}void cdecl f(int i,int j,int k){

printf(“%d %d %d”,i, j, k);}main(){ int i=10;

f(i++,i++,i++); printf(" %d\n",i);

i=10;f(i++,i++,i++);printf(" %d",i);

}Answer:

10 11 12 1312 11 10 13

Explanation:Pascal argument passing mechanism forces the arguments to be called

from left to right. cdecl is the normal C argument passing mechanism where the arguments are passed from right to left.

112). What is the output of the program given below

main() { signed char i=0; for(;i>=0;i++) ; printf("%d\n",i); }Answer

-128Explanation

Notice the semicolon at the end of the for loop. THe initial value of the i is set to 0. The inner loop executes to increment the value from 0 to 127 (the positive range of char) and then it rotates to the negative value of -128. The condition in the for loop fails and so comes out of the for loop. It prints the current value of i that is -128.

113) main()

{ unsigned char i=0; for(;i>=0;i++) ; printf("%d\n",i); }Answer

infinite loopExplanationThe difference between the previous question and this one is that the char

is declared to be unsigned. So the i++ can never yield negative value and i>=0 never becomes false so that it can come out of the for loop. 114) main() {

char i=0; for(;i>=0;i++) ; printf("%d\n",i);

}Answer:

Behavior is implementation dependent.Explanation:

The detail if the char is signed/unsigned by default is implementation dependent. If the implementation treats the char to be signed by default the program will print –128 and terminate. On the other hand if it considers char to be unsigned by default, it goes to infinite loop.Rule:

You can write programs that have implementation dependent behavior. But dont write programs that depend on such behavior.

115) Is the following statement a declaration/definition. Find what does it mean?

int (*x)[10];Answer

Definition. x is a pointer to array of(size 10) integers.

Apply clock-wise rule to find the meaning of this definition. 116). What is the output for the program given below

typedef enum errorType{warning, error, exception,}error; main() { error g1; g1=1; printf("%d",g1); }Answer

Compiler error: Multiple declaration for errorExplanation

The name error is used in the two meanings. One means that it is a enumerator constant with value 1. The another use is that it is a type name (due to typedef) for enum errorType. Given a situation the compiler cannot distinguish the meaning of error to know in what sense the error is used:

error g1;g1=error;

// which error it refers in each case?When the compiler can distinguish between usages then it will not

issue error (in pure technical terms, names can only be overloaded in different namespaces).

Note: the extra comma in the declaration,enum errorType{warning, error, exception,}

is not an error. An extra comma is valid and is provided just for programmer’s convenience.

117) typedef struct error{int warning, error, exception;}error;

main() { error g1; g1.error =1; printf("%d",g1.error); }

Answer 1Explanation

The three usages of name errors can be distinguishable by the compiler at any instance, so valid (they are in different namespaces).

Typedef struct error{int warning, error, exception;}error;This error can be used only by preceding the error by struct kayword as in:

struct error someError;typedef struct error{int warning, error, exception;}error;

This can be used only after . (dot) or -> (arrow) operator preceded by the variable name as in :

g1.error =1; printf("%d",g1.error);

typedef struct error{int warning, error, exception;}error;This can be used to define variables without using the preceding struct keyword as in:

error g1;Since the compiler can perfectly distinguish between these three usages, it is perfectly legal and valid. Note

This code is given here to just explain the concept behind. In real programming don’t use such overloading of names. It reduces the readability of the code. Possible doesn’t mean that we should use it! 118) #ifdef something

int some=0;#endif

main(){

int thing = 0;printf("%d %d\n", some ,thing);

}

Answer:

Compiler error : undefined symbol someExplanation:

This is a very simple example for conditional compilation. The name something is not already known to the compiler making the declarationint some = 0;effectively removed from the source code.

119) #if something == 0

int some=0;#endif

main(){

int thing = 0;printf("%d %d\n", some ,thing);

}

Answer 0 0

ExplanationThis code is to show that preprocessor expressions are not the same as the ordinary expressions. If a name is not known the preprocessor treats it to be equal to zero.

120). What is the output for the following program main()

{ int arr2D[3][3]; printf("%d\n", ((arr2D==* arr2D)&&(* arr2D == arr2D[0])) );

}Answer

1Explanation

This is due to the close relation between the arrays and pointers. N dimensional arrays are made up of (N-1) dimensional arrays.

arr2D is made up of a 3 single arrays that contains 3 integers each .

arr2D

arr2D[1]

arr2D[2]arr2D[3]

The name arr2D refers to the beginning of all the 3 arrays. *arr2D refers to the start of the first 1D array (of 3 integers) that is the same address as arr2D. So the expression (arr2D == *arr2D) is true (1).Similarly, *arr2D is nothing but *(arr2D + 0), adding a zero doesn’t change the value/meaning. Again arr2D[0] is the another way of telling *(arr2D + 0). So the expression (*(arr2D + 0) == arr2D[0]) is true (1).Since both parts of the expression evaluates to true the result is true(1) and the same is printed.

121) void main() {

if(~0 == (unsigned int)-1)printf(“You can answer this if you know how values are represented in memory”);

} Answer

You can answer this if you know how values are represented in memoryExplanation

~ (tilde operator or bit-wise negation operator) operates on 0 to produce all ones to fill the space for an integer. –1 is represented in unsigned value as all 1’s and so both are equal.

122) int swap(int *a,int *b)

{*a=*a+*b;*b=*a-*b;*a=*a-*b;}main(){

int x=10,y=20; swap(&x,&y);

printf("x= %d y = %d\n",x,y);}

Answer x = 20 y = 10Explanation

This is one way of swapping two values. Simple checking will help understand this.

123) main()

{ char *p = “ayqm”;printf(“%c”,++*(p++));}Answer:

b 124) main() {

int i=5; printf("%d",++i++);}Answer:

Compiler error: Lvalue required in function mainExplanation:

++i yields an rvalue. For postfix ++ to operate an lvalue is required. 125) main()

{char *p = “ayqm”;char c;c = ++*p++;printf(“%c”,c);

}Answer:

bExplanation:

There is no difference between the expression ++*(p++) and ++*p++. Parenthesis just works as a visual clue for the reader to see which expression is first evaluated.

126)

int aaa() {printf(“Hi”);}int bbb(){printf(“hello”);}iny ccc(){printf(“bye”);}

main(){int ( * ptr[3]) ();ptr[0] = aaa;ptr[1] = bbb;ptr[2] =ccc;ptr[2]();

}Answer:

byeExplanation:

int (* ptr[3])() says that ptr is an array of pointers to functions that takes no arguments and returns the type int. By the assignment ptr[0] = aaa; it means that the first function pointer in the array is initialized with the address of the function aaa. Similarly, the other two array elements also get initialized with the addresses of the functions bbb and ccc. Since ptr[2] contains the address of the function ccc, the call to the function ptr[2]() is same as calling ccc(). So it results in printing "bye".

127)

main(){int i=5;printf(“%d”,i=++i ==6);}

Answer:

1Explanation:

The expression can be treated as i = (++i==6), because == is of higher precedence than = operator. In the inner expression, ++i is equal to 6 yielding true(1). Hence the result.

128) main()

{ char p[ ]="%d\n";

p[1] = 'c';printf(p,65);

}Answer:

AExplanation:

Due to the assignment p[1] = ‘c’ the string becomes, “%c\n”. Since this string becomes the format string for printf and ASCII value of 65 is ‘A’, the same gets printed.

129) void ( * abc( int, void ( *def) () ) ) ();

Answer::abc is a ptr to a function which takes 2 parameters .(a). an integer variable.(b). a ptrto a funtion which returns void. the return type of the function is void.

Explanation:

Apply the clock-wise rule to find the result.

130) main()

{while (strcmp(“some”,”some\0”))printf(“Strings are not equal\n”);

}Answer:

No outputExplanation:

Ending the string constant with \0 explicitly makes no difference. So “some” and “some\0” are equivalent. So, strcmp returns 0 (false) hence breaking out of the while loop.

131) main()

{char str1[] = {‘s’,’o’,’m’,’e’};char str2[] = {‘s’,’o’,’m’,’e’,’\0’};while (strcmp(str1,str2))printf(“Strings are not equal\n”);

}Answer:

“Strings are not equal”“Strings are not equal”….

Explanation:If a string constant is initialized explicitly with characters, ‘\0’ is not appended automatically to the string. Since str1 doesn’t have null termination, it treats whatever the values that are in the following positions as part of the string until it randomly reaches a ‘\0’. So str1 and str2 are not the same, hence the result.

132) main()

{int i = 3;for (;i++=0;) printf(“%d”,i);

}

Answer: Compiler Error: Lvalue required.

Explanation:As we know that increment operators return rvalues and hence it cannot appear on the left hand side of an assignment operation.

133) void main(){

int *mptr, *cptr;mptr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));printf(“%d”,*mptr);int *cptr = (int*)calloc(sizeof(int),1);printf(“%d”,*cptr);

}Answer:

garbage-value 0Explanation:

The memory space allocated by malloc is uninitialized, whereas calloc returns the allocated memory space initialized to zeros.

134) void main()

{static int i;while(i<=10)(i>2)?i++:i--;

printf(“%d”, i);}Answer:

32767Explanation:

Since i is static it is initialized to 0. Inside the while loop the conditional operator evaluates to false, executing i--. This continues till the integer value rotates to positive value (32767). The while condition becomes false and hence, comes out of the while loop, printing the i value.

135) main()

{ int i=10,j=20;

j = i, j?(i,j)?i:j:j; printf("%d %d",i,j);

}

Answer:10 10

Explanation: The Ternary operator ( ? : ) is equivalent for if-then-else statement. So the question can be written as: if(i,j) {

if(i,j) j = i; else

j = j; } else j = j; 136) 1. const char *a;

2. char* const a;3. char const *a;-Differentiate the above declarations.

Answer:

1. 'const' applies to char * rather than 'a' ( pointer to a constant char ) *a='F' : illegal

a="Hi" : legal

2. 'const' applies to 'a' rather than to the value of a (constant pointer to char )

*a='F' : legal a="Hi" : illegal

3. Same as 1.

137) main()

{ int i=5,j=10;

i=i&=j&&10; printf("%d %d",i,j);

}

Answer:1 10

Explanation:The expression can be written as i=(i&=(j&&10)); The inner expression (j&&10) evaluates to 1 because j==10. i is 5. i = 5&1 is 1. Hence the result.

138) main()

{ int i=4,j=7;

j = j || i++ && printf("YOU CAN"); printf("%d %d", i, j);

}

Answer:4 1

Explanation:The boolean expression needs to be evaluated only till the truth value of the expression is not known. j is not equal to zero itself means that the expression’s truth value is 1. Because it is followed by || and true || (anything) => true where (anything) will not be evaluated. So the remaining expression is not evaluated and so the value of i remains the same.Similarly when && operator is involved in an expression, when any of the operands become false, the whole expression’s truth value becomes false and hence the remaining expression will not be evaluated.

false && (anything) => false where (anything) will not be evaluated. 139) main()

{ register int a=2;

printf("Address of a = %d",&a); printf("Value of a = %d",a);

}Answer:

Compier Error: '&' on register variableRule to Remember:

& (address of ) operator cannot be applied on register variables. 140) main()

{ float i=1.5;

switch(i) {

case 1: printf("1"); case 2: printf("2"); default : printf("0");

}}Answer:

Compiler Error: switch expression not integralExplanation:

Switch statements can be applied only to integral types. 141) main()

{ extern i;

printf("%d\n",i); { int i=20;

printf("%d\n",i); }

}Answer:

Linker Error : Unresolved external symbol iExplanation:

The identifier i is available in the inner block and so using extern has no use in resolving it.

142) main()

{ int a=2,*f1,*f2;

f1=f2=&a; *f2+=*f2+=a+=2.5;

printf("\n%d %d %d",a,*f1,*f2);}Answer:

16 16 16Explanation:

f1 and f2 both refer to the same memory location a. So changes through f1 and f2 ultimately affects only the value of a.

143) main()

{ char *p="GOOD";

char a[ ]="GOOD";printf("\n sizeof(p) = %d, sizeof(*p) = %d, strlen(p) = %d", sizeof(p), sizeof(*p), strlen(p));

printf("\n sizeof(a) = %d, strlen(a) = %d", sizeof(a), strlen(a));}Answer:

sizeof(p) = 2, sizeof(*p) = 1, strlen(p) = 4 sizeof(a) = 5, strlen(a) = 4Explanation:

sizeof(p) => sizeof(char*) => 2 sizeof(*p) => sizeof(char) => 1

Similarly, sizeof(a) => size of the character array => 5

When sizeof operator is applied to an array it returns the sizeof the array and it is not the same as the sizeof the pointer variable. Here the sizeof(a) where a is the character array and the size of the array is 5 because the space necessary for the terminating NULL character should also be taken into account.

144) #define DIM( array, type) sizeof(array)/sizeof(type)

main(){

int arr[10];

printf(“The dimension of the array is %d”, DIM(arr, int)); }Answer:

10 Explanation:

The size of integer array of 10 elements is 10 * sizeof(int). The macro expands to sizeof(arr)/sizeof(int) => 10 * sizeof(int) / sizeof(int) => 10.

145) int DIM(int array[])

{return sizeof(array)/sizeof(int );}main(){

int arr[10];printf(“The dimension of the array is %d”, DIM(arr));

}Answer:

1 Explanation:

Arrays cannot be passed to functions as arguments and only the pointers can be passed. So the argument is equivalent to int * array (this is one of the very few places where [] and * usage are equivalent). The return statement becomes, sizeof(int *)/ sizeof(int) that happens to be equal in this case.

146) main()

{ static int a[3][3]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; int i,j; static *p[]={a,a+1,a+2};

for(i=0;i<3;i++) {

for(j=0;j<3;j++) printf("%d\t%d\t%d\t%d\n",*(*(p+i)+j), *(*(j+p)+i),*(*(i+p)+j),*(*(p+j)+i)); }

}Answer:

1 1 1 1 2 4 2 4

3 7 3 7 4 2 4 2 5 5 5 5

6 8 6 8

7 3 7 3 8 6 8 6

9 9 9 9Explanation:

*(*(p+i)+j) is equivalent to p[i][j]. 147) main()

{ void swap();

int x=10,y=8; swap(&x,&y);

printf("x=%d y=%d",x,y);}void swap(int *a, int *b){ *a ^= *b, *b ^= *a, *a ^= *b;} Answer:

x=10 y=8Explanation:

Using ^ like this is a way to swap two variables without using a temporary variable and that too in a single statement.Inside main(), void swap(); means that swap is a function that may take any number of arguments (not no arguments) and returns nothing. So this doesn’t issue a compiler error by the call swap(&x,&y); that has two arguments.This convention is historically due to pre-ANSI style (referred to as Kernighan and Ritchie style) style of function declaration. In that style, the swap function will be defined as follows,

void swap()int *a, int *b{ *a ^= *b, *b ^= *a, *a ^= *b;}

where the arguments follow the (). So naturally the declaration for swap will look like, void swap() which means the swap can take any number of arguments.

148) main()

{ int i = 257;

int *iPtr = &i; printf("%d %d", *((char*)iPtr), *((char*)iPtr+1) );

}Answer:

1 1

Explanation:The integer value 257 is stored in the memory as, 00000001 00000001, so the individual bytes are taken by casting it to char * and get printed.

149) main()

{ int i = 258;

int *iPtr = &i; printf("%d %d", *((char*)iPtr), *((char*)iPtr+1) );

} Answer:

2 1Explanation:

The integer value 257 can be represented in binary as, 00000001 00000001. Remember that the INTEL machines are ‘small-endian’ machines. Small-endian means that the lower order bytes are stored in the higher memory addresses and the higher order bytes are stored in lower addresses. The integer value 258 is stored in memory as: 00000001 00000010.

150) main()

{ int i=300;

char *ptr = &i; *++ptr=2;

printf("%d",i);}Answer:

556Explanation:

The integer value 300 in binary notation is: 00000001 00101100. It is stored in memory (small-endian) as: 00101100 00000001. Result of the expression *++ptr = 2 makes the memory representation as: 00101100 00000010. So the integer corresponding to it is 00000010 00101100 => 556.

151) #include <stdio.h>

main(){

char * str = "hello";char * ptr = str;char least = 127;while (*ptr++)

least = (*ptr<least ) ?*ptr :least;printf("%d",least);

}

Answer:0

Explanation: After ‘ptr’ reaches the end of the string the value pointed by ‘str’ is ‘\0’. So the value of ‘str’ is less than that of ‘least’. So the value of ‘least’ finally is 0.

152) Declare an array of N pointers to functions returning pointers to functions

returning pointers to characters?Answer:

(char*(*)( )) (*ptr[N])( ); 153) main()

{struct student{

char name[30];struct date dob;

}stud;struct date { int day,month,year; }; scanf("%s%d%d%d", stud.rollno, &student.dob.day, &student.dob.month, &student.dob.year);

}Answer:

Compiler Error: Undefined structure dateExplanation:

Inside the struct definition of ‘student’ the member of type struct date is given. The compiler doesn’t have the definition of date structure (forward reference is not allowed in C in this case) so it issues an error.

154) main()

{struct date;struct student

{char name[30];struct date dob;

}stud;struct date

{ int day,month,year;};

scanf("%s%d%d%d", stud.rollno, &student.dob.day, &student.dob.month, &student.dob.year);

}Answer:

Compiler Error: Undefined structure dateExplanation:

Only declaration of struct date is available inside the structure definition of ‘student’ but to have a variable of type struct date the definition of the structure is required.

155) There were 10 records stored in “somefile.dat” but the following program

printed 11 names. What went wrong?void main(){

struct student{ char name[30], rollno[6];}stud;FILE *fp = fopen(“somefile.dat”,”r”);while(!feof(fp)){

fread(&stud, sizeof(stud), 1 , fp);puts(stud.name);

}}Explanation:

fread reads 10 records and prints the names successfully. It will return EOF only when fread tries to read another record and fails reading EOF (and returning EOF). So it prints the last record again. After this only the condition feof(fp) becomes false, hence comes out of the while loop.

156) Is there any difference between the two declarations,

1. int foo(int *arr[]) and2. int foo(int *arr[2])

Answer:No

Explanation:Functions can only pass pointers and not arrays. The numbers that are allowed inside the [] is just for more readability. So there is no difference between the two declarations.

157) What is the subtle error in the following code segment?

void fun(int n, int arr[]){

int *p=0;int i=0;while(i++<n)

p = &arr[i];*p = 0;

}Answer & Explanation:

If the body of the loop never executes p is assigned no address. So p remains NULL where *p =0 may result in problem (may rise to runtime error “NULL pointer assignment” and terminate the program).

158) What is wrong with the following code?

int *foo(){

int *s = malloc(sizeof(int)100);assert(s != NULL);return s;

}Answer & Explanation:

assert macro should be used for debugging and finding out bugs. The check s != NULL is for error/exception handling and for that assert shouldn’t be used. A plain if and the corresponding remedy statement has to be given.

159) What is the hidden bug with the following statement?

assert(val++ != 0);Answer & Explanation:

Assert macro is used for debugging and removed in release version. In assert, the experssion involves side-effects. So the behavior of the code becomes different in case of debug version and the release version thus leading to a subtle bug.

Rule to Remember:Don’t use expressions that have side-effects in assert statements.

160) void main()

{int *i = 0x400; // i points to the address 400*i = 0; // set the value of memory location pointed by i;}Answer:

Undefined behaviorExplanation:

The second statement results in undefined behavior because it points to some location whose value may not be available for modification. This

type of pointer in which the non-availability of the implementation of the referenced location is known as 'incomplete type'.

161) #define assert(cond) if(!(cond)) \

(fprintf(stderr, "assertion failed: %s, file %s, line %d \n",#cond,\__FILE__,__LINE__), abort())

void main(){int i = 10;if(i==0) assert(i < 100);else printf("This statement becomes else for if in assert macro");}Answer:

No outputExplanation:The else part in which the printf is there becomes the else for if in the assert macro. Hence nothing is printed.The solution is to use conditional operator instead of if statement,#define assert(cond) ((cond)?(0): (fprintf (stderr, "assertion failed: \ %s, file %s, line %d \n",#cond, __FILE__,__LINE__), abort()))

Note:

However this problem of “matching with nearest else” cannot be solved by the usual method of placing the if statement inside a block like this,#define assert(cond) { \if(!(cond)) \ (fprintf(stderr, "assertion failed: %s, file %s, line %d \n",#cond,\__FILE__,__LINE__), abort()) \}

162) Is the following code legal?

struct a {

int x;struct a b;

}Answer:

NoExplanation:

Is it not legal for a structure to contain a member that is of the sametype as in this case. Because this will cause the structure declaration to be recursive without end.

163) Is the following code legal?struct a {

int x; struct a *b; }Answer:

Yes.Explanation:

*b is a pointer to type struct a and so is legal. The compiler knows, the size of the pointer to a structure even before the size of the structureis determined(as you know the pointer to any type is of same size). This type of structures is known as ‘self-referencing’ structure.


typedef struct a {

int x;aType *b;

}aTypeAnswer:

NoExplanation:

The typename aType is not known at the point of declaring the structure (forward references are not made for typedefs).


typedef struct a aType;struct a{

int x;aType *b;

};Answer: YesExplanation:

The typename aType is known at the point of declaring the structure, because it is already typedefined.


void main(){

typedef struct a aType;aType someVariable;struct a

{

int x; aType *b;

};}

Answer: No

Explanation: When the declaration,

typedef struct a aType;is encountered body of struct a is not known. This is known as ‘incomplete types’.

167) void main()

{printf(“sizeof (void *) = %d \n“, sizeof( void *));

printf(“sizeof (int *) = %d \n”, sizeof(int *)); printf(“sizeof (double *) = %d \n”, sizeof(double *)); printf(“sizeof(struct unknown *) = %d \n”, sizeof(struct unknown *)); }

Answer :sizeof (void *) = 2sizeof (int *) = 2sizeof (double *) = 2sizeof(struct unknown *) = 2

Explanation:The pointer to any type is of same size.

168) char inputString[100] = {0};

To get string input from the keyboard which one of the following is better? 1) gets(inputString) 2) fgets(inputString, sizeof(inputString), fp)Answer & Explanation:

The second one is better because gets(inputString) doesn't know the size of the string passed and so, if a very big input (here, more than 100 chars) the charactes will be written past the input string. When fgets is used with stdin performs the same operation as gets but is safe.

169) Which version do you prefer of the following two,

1) printf(“%s”,str); // or the more curt one2) printf(str);

Answer & Explanation:Prefer the first one. If the str contains any format characters like %d then it will result in a subtle bug.

170) void main()

{int i=10, j=2;int *ip= &i, *jp = &j;int k = *ip/*jp;printf(“%d”,k);

} Answer:

Compiler Error: “Unexpected end of file in comment started in line 5”.Explanation:

The programmer intended to divide two integers, but by the “maximum munch” rule, the compiler treats the operator sequence / and * as /* which happens to be the starting of comment. To force what is intended by the programmer,

int k = *ip/ *jp; // give space explicity separating / and *//orint k = *ip/(*jp);// put braces to force the intention

will solve the problem. 171) void main()

{char ch;for(ch=0;ch<=127;ch++)printf(“%c %d \n“, ch, ch);}Answer: Implementaion dependentExplanation:

The char type may be signed or unsigned by default. If it is signed then ch++ is executed after ch reaches 127 and rotates back to -128. Thus ch is always smaller than 127.

172) Is this code legal?

int *ptr;ptr = (int *) 0x400;Answer:

YesExplanation:

The pointer ptr will point at the integer in the memory location 0x400.173) main()

{char a[4]="HELLO";printf("%s",a);

} Answer:

Compiler error: Too many initializersExplanation:

The array a is of size 4 but the string constant requires 6 bytes to get stored.

174) main()

{ char a[4]="HELL";printf("%s",a);

}Answer:

HELL%@!~@!@???@~~!Explanation:

The character array has the memory just enough to hold the string “HELL” and doesnt have enough space to store the terminating null character. So it prints the HELL correctly and continues to print garbage values till it accidentally comes across a NULL character.

175) main()

{ int a=10,*j;

void *k; j=k=&a;

j++; k++;

printf("\n %u %u ",j,k);}Answer:

Compiler error: Cannot increment a void pointerExplanation:

Void pointers are generic pointers and they can be used only when the type is not known and as an intermediate address storage type. No pointer arithmetic can be done on it and you cannot apply indirection operator (*) on void pointers.

176) main() { extern int i; { int i=20; { const volatile unsigned i=30; printf("%d",i); }

printf("%d",i); } printf("%d",i);

} int i; 177) Printf can be implemented by using __________ list.

Answer: Variable length argument lists178) char *someFun() { char *temp = “string constant"; return temp; } int main() { puts(someFun()); }Answer: string constantExplanation: The program suffers no problem and gives the output correctly because the character constants are stored in code/data area and not allocated in stack, so this doesn’t lead to dangling pointers. 179) char *someFun1() { char temp[ ] = “string"; return temp; } char *someFun2() { char temp[ ] = {‘s’, ‘t’,’r’,’i’,’n’,’g’}; return temp; } int main() { puts(someFun1()); puts(someFun2()); }Answer: Garbage values.Explanation: Both the functions suffer from the problem of dangling pointers. In someFun1() temp is a character array and so the space for it is allocated in heap and is initialized with character string “string”. This is created dynamically as the function is called, so is also deleted dynamically on exiting the function so the string data is not available in the calling function main() leading to print some garbage values. The function someFun2() also suffers from the same problem but the problem can be easily identified in this case.

C,C++ Questions

1. Base class has some virtual method and derived class has a method with the same name. If we initialize the base class pointer with derived object,. calling of that virtual method will result in which method being called?

a. Base method b. Derived method..

Ans. b

2. For the following C program

#define AREA(x)(3.14*x*x)main(){float r1=6.25,r2=2.5,a;a=AREA(r1);printf("\n Area of the circle is %f", a);a=AREA(r2);printf("\n Area of the circle is %f", a);}

What is the output?

Ans. Area of the circle is 122.656250 Area of the circle is 19.625000

3. What do the following statements indicate. Explain.

int(*p)[10]

int*f()

int(*pf)()

int*p[10]

Refer to:-- Kernighan & Ritchie page no. 122-- Schaum series page no. 323

4.void main(){int d=5;printf("%f",d);}

Ans: Undefined

5. void main(){int i;for(i=1;i<4,i++)switch(i)case 1: printf("%d",i);break;{case 2:printf("%d",i);break;case 3:printf("%d",i);break;}switch(i) case 4:printf("%d",i);}

Ans: 1,2,3,4

6.void main(){char *s="\12345s\n";printf("%d",sizeof(s));}

Ans: 6

7. void main(){unsigned i=1; /* unsigned char k= -1 => k=255; */signed j=-1; /* char k= -1 => k=65535 *//* unsigned or signed int k= -1 =>k=65535 */if(i<j)printf("less");else

if(i>j)printf("greater");elseif(i==j)printf("equal");}

Ans: less

8.void main(){float j;j=1000*1000;printf("%f",j);}

1. 10000002. Overflow3. Error4. None

Ans: 4

9. How do you declare an array of N pointers to functions returning pointers to functions returning pointers to characters?

Ans: The first part of this question can be answered in at least three ways:

1. char *(*(*a[N])())();

2. Build the declaration up incrementally, using typedefs:

typedef char *pc; /* pointer to char */ typedef pc fpc(); /* function returning pointer to char */ typedef fpc *pfpc; /* pointer to above */ typedef pfpc fpfpc(); /* function returning... */ typedef fpfpc *pfpfpc; /* pointer to... */ pfpfpc a[N]; /* array of... */

3. Use the cdecl program, which turns English into C and vice versa:

cdecl> declare a as array of pointer to function returning pointer to function returning pointer to char char *(*(*a[])())()

cdecl can also explain complicated declarations, help with casts, and indicate which set of parentheses the arguments go in (for complicated function definitions, like the one above). Any good book on C should explain how to read these complicated C declarations "inside out" to understand them ("declaration mimics use"). The pointer-to-function declarations in the examples above have not included parameter type information. When the parameters have complicated types, declarations can *really* get messy. (Modern versions of cdecl can help here, too.)

10. A structure pointer is defined of the type time . With 3 fields min,sec hours having pointers to intergers. Write the way to initialize the 2nd element to 10.

11. In the above question an array of pointers is declared. Write the statement to initialize the 3rd element of the 2 element to 10;

12.int f()void main(){f(1);f(1,2);f(1,2,3);}f(int i,int j,int k){printf("%d %d %d",i,j,k);}

What are the number of syntax errors in the above?

Ans: None.

13. void main(){int i=7;printf("%d",i++*i++);}

Ans: 56

14. #define one 0#ifdef one printf("one is defined ");#ifndef oneprintf("one is not defined ");

Ans: "one is defined"

15.void main(){int count=10,*temp,sum=0;temp=&count;*temp=20;temp=∑*temp=count;printf("%d %d %d ",count,*temp,sum);}

Ans: 20 20 20

16. There was question in c working only on unix machine with pattern matching.

14. what is alloca()

Ans : It allocates and frees memory after use/after getting out of scope

17. main(){static i=3;printf("%d",i--);return i>0 ? main():0;}

Ans: 321

18. char *foo(){char result[100]);strcpy(result,"anything is good");return(result);}void main(){char *j;j=foo()printf("%s",j);}

Ans: anything is good.

19.void main(){char *s[]={ "dharma","hewlett-packard","siemens","ibm"};char **p;p=s;printf("%s",++*p);printf("%s",*p++);printf("%s",++*p);}

Ans: "harma" (p->add(dharma) && (*p)->harma)"harma" (after printing, p->add(hewlett-packard) &&(*p)->harma)"ewlett-packard"

20. Output of the following program is

main(){int i=0;for(i=0;i<20;i++){switch(i)case 0:i+=5;case 1:i+=2;case 5:i+=5;default i+=4;break;}printf("%d,",i);}}

a) 0,5,9,13,17b) 5,9,13,17c) 12,17,22

d) 16,21e) Syntax error

Ans. (d)

21. What is the ouptut in the following program

main(){char c=-64;int i=-32unsigned int u =-16;if(c>i){printf("pass1,");if(c<u)printf("pass2");elseprintf("Fail2");}elseprintf("Fail1);if(i<u)printf("pass2");elseprintf("Fail2")}

a) Pass1,Pass2b) Pass1,Fail2c) Fail1,Pass2d) Fail1,Fail2e) None of these

Ans. (c)

22. What will the following program do?

void main(){int i;char a[]="String";char *p="New Sring";char *Temp;Temp=a;a=malloc(strlen(p) + 1);strcpy(a,p); //Line number:9//p = malloc(strlen(Temp) + 1);strcpy(p,Temp);printf("(%s, %s)",a,p);free(p);free(a);} //Line number 15//

a) Swap contents of p & a and print:(New string, string)b) Generate compilation error in line number 8

c) Generate compilation error in line number 5d) Generate compilation error in line number 7e) Generate compilation error in line number 1

Ans. (b)

23. In the following code segment what will be the result of the function,

value of x , value of y{unsigned int x=-1;int y;y = ~0;if(x == y)printf("same");elseprintf("not same");}

a) same, MAXINT, -1b) not same, MAXINT, -MAXINTc) same , MAXUNIT, -1d) same, MAXUNIT, MAXUNITe) not same, MAXINT, MAXUNIT

Ans. (a)

24. What will be the result of the following program ?

char *gxxx(){static char xxx[1024];return xxx;}

main(){char *g="string";strcpy(gxxx(),g);g = gxxx();strcpy(g,"oldstring");printf("The string is : %s",gxxx());}

a) The string is : stringb) The string is :Oldstringc) Run time error/Core dumpd) Syntax error during compilatione) None of these

Ans. (b)

25. Find the output for the following C program

main(){

char *p1="Name";char *p2;p2=(char *)malloc(20);while(*p2++=*p1++);printf("%s\n",p2);}

Ans. An empty string


main(){int x=20,y=35;x = y++ + x++;y = ++y + ++x;printf("%d %d\n",x,y);}

Ans. 57 94


main(){int x=5;printf("%d %d %d\n",x,x<<2,x>>2);}

Ans. 5 20 1

28 Find the output for the following C program

#define swap1(a,b) a=a+b;b=a-b;a=a-b;main(){int x=5,y=10;swap1(x,y);printf("%d %d\n",x,y);swap2(x,y);printf("%d %d\n",x,y);}int swap2(int a,int b){int temp;temp=a;b=a;a=temp;return;}

Ans. 10 5


main(){char *ptr = "Ramco Systems";(*ptr)++;printf("%s\n",ptr);ptr++;printf("%s\n",ptr);}

Ans. Samco Systems


#include<stdio.h>main(){char s1[]="Ramco";char s2[]="Systems";s1=s2;printf("%s",s1);}

Ans. Compilation error giving it cannot be an modifiable 'lvalue'


#include<stdio.h>main(){char *p1;char *p2;p1=(char *) malloc(25);p2=(char *) malloc(25);strcpy(p1,"Ramco");strcpy(p2,"Systems");strcat(p1,p2);printf("%s",p1);}

Ans. RamcoSystems

32. Find the output for the following C program given that[1]. The following variable is available in file1.cstatic int average_float;

Ans. All the functions in the file1.c can access the variable


# define TRUE 0some codewhile(TRUE){some code }

Ans. This won't go into the loop as TRUE is defined as 0

34. struct list{ int x; struct list *next; }*head;

the struct head.x =100

Is the above assignment to pointer is correct or wrong ?

Ans. Wrong

35.What is the output of the following ?

int i; i=1; i=i+2*i++; printf(%d,i);

Ans. 4

36. FILE *fp1,*fp2; fp1=fopen("one","w") fp2=fopen("one","w") fputc('A',fp1) fputc('B',fp2) fclose(fp1) fclose(fp2) }

Find the Error, If Any?

Ans. no error. But It will over writes on same file.

37. What are the output(s) for the following ?

38. #include<malloc.h> char *f() {char *s=malloc(8);

strcpy(s,"goodbye"); }

main() { char *f(); printf("%c",*f()='A'); }

39. #define MAN(x,y) (x)>(y)?(x):(y) {int i=10; j=5; k=0; k=MAX(i++,++j); printf(%d %d %d %d,i,j,k); }

Ans. 10 5 0

40. void main(){int i=7;printf("%d",i++*i++);}

Ans: 56

Java Basics 1.The Java interpreter is used for the execution of the source code.TrueFalseAns: a.2) On successful compilation a file with the class extension is created.a) Trueb) FalseAns: a.3) The Java source code can be created in a Notepad editor.a) Trueb) FalseAns: a.4) The Java Program is enclosed in a class definition.a) Trueb) FalseAns: a.5) What declarations are required for every Java application?Ans: A class and the main( ) method declarations.6) What are the two parts in executing a Java program and their purposes?Ans: Two parts in executing a Java program are:Java Compiler and Java Interpreter.The Java Compiler is used for compilation and the Java Interpreter is used for execution of the application.7) What are the three OOPs principles and define them?Ans : Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism are the three OOPsPrinciples.Encapsulation:Is the Mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates, and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse.Inheritance:Is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.Polymorphism:Is a feature that allows one interface to be used for a general class of actions.

8) What is a compilation unit?Ans : Java source code file.9) What output is displayed as the result of executing the following statement?System.out.println("// Looks like a comment.");// Looks like a commentThe statement results in a compilation errorLooks like a commentNo output is displayedAns : a.10) In order for a source code file, containing the public class Test, to successfully compile, which of the following must be true?It must have a package statementIt must be named Test.javaIt must import java.langIt must declare a public class named TestAns : b11) What are identifiers and what is naming convention?Ans : Identifiers are used for class names, method names and variable names. An identifier may be any descriptive sequence of upper case & lower case letters,numbers or underscore or dollar sign and must not begin with numbers.12) What is the return type of program’s main( ) method?Ans : void13) What is the argument type of program’s main( ) method?Ans : string array.14) Which characters are as first characters of an identifier?Ans : A – Z, a – z, _ ,$15) What are different comments?Ans : 1) // -- single line comment2) /* --*/ multiple line comment3) /** --*/ documentation16) What is the difference between constructor method and method?Ans : Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created. Whereas method has to be call explicitly.17) What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?Ans : Bin contains all tools such as javac, applet viewer, awt tool etc., whereas Libcontains all packages and variables. Data types,variables and Arrays1) What is meant by variable?Ans: Variables are locations in memory that can hold values. Before assigning any value to a variable, it must be declared.2) What are the kinds of variables in Java? What are their uses?

Ans: Java has three kinds of variables namely, the instance variable, the local variable and the class variable.Local variables are used inside blocks as counters or in methods as temporary variables and are used to store information needed by a single method.Instance variables are used to define attributes or the state of a particular object and are used to store information needed by multiple methods in the objects.Class variables are global to a class and to all the instances of the class and are useful for communicating between different objects of all the same class or keeping track of global states.3) How are the variables declared?Ans: Variables can be declared anywhere in the method definition and can be initialized during their declaration.They are commonly declared before usage at the beginning of the definition.Variables with the same data type can be declared together. Local variables must be given a value before usage.4) What are variable types?Ans: Variable types can be any data type that java supports, which includes the eight primitive data types, the name of a class or interface and an array.5) How do you assign values to variables?Ans: Values are assigned to variables using the assignment operator =.6) What is a literal? How many types of literals are there?Ans: A literal represents a value of a certain type where the type describes how that value behaves.There are different types of literals namely number literals, character literals,boolean literals, string literals,etc.7) What is an array?Ans: An array is an object that stores a list of items.8) How do you declare an array?Ans: Array variable indicates the type of object that the array holds.Ex: int arr[];9) Java supports multidimensional arrays.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.10) An array of arrays can be created.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.11) What is a string?Ans: A combination of characters is called as string.12) Strings are instances of the class String.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.13) When a string literal is used in the program, Java automatically creates instances of the string class.

a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.14) Which operator is to create and concatenate string?Ans: Addition operator(+).15) Which of the following declare an array of string objects?String[ ] s;String [ ]s:String[ s]:String s[ ]:Ans : a, b and d16) What is the value of a[3] as the result of the following array declaration?1234Ans : d17) Which of the following are primitive types?byteStringintegerFloatAns : a.18) What is the range of the char type?0 to 216

0 to 215

0 to 216-10 to 215-1Ans. d19) What are primitive data types?Ans : byte, short, int, longfloat, doublebooleanchar20) What are default values of different primitive types?Ans : int - 0short - 0byte - 0long - 0 lfloat - 0.0 fdouble - 0.0 dboolean - falsechar - null21) Converting of primitive types to objects can be explicitly.a)Trueb)False

Ans: b.22) How do we change the values of the elements of the array?Ans : The array subscript expression can be used to change the values of the elements of the array.23) What is final varaible?Ans : If a variable is declared as final variable, then you can not change its value. It becomes constant.24) What is static variable?Ans : Static variables are shared by all instances of a class. Operators1) What are operators and what are the various types of operators available in Java?Ans: Operators are special symbols used in expressions.The following are the types of operators:Arithmetic operators,Assignment operators,Increment & Decrement operators,Logical operators,Biwise operators,Comparison/Relational operators andConditional operators2) The ++ operator is used for incrementing and the -- operator is used fordecrementing.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.3) Comparison/Logical operators are used for testing and magnitude.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.4) Character literals are stored as unicode characters.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.5) What are the Logical operators?Ans: OR(|), AND(&), XOR(^) AND NOT(~).6) What is the % operator?Ans : % operator is the modulo operator or reminder operator. It returns the reminder of dividing the first operand by second operand.7) What is the value of 111 % 13?3579

Ans : c.8) Is &&= a valid operator?Ans : No.9) Can a double value be cast to a byte?Ans : Yes10) Can a byte object be cast to a double value ?Ans : No. An object cannot be cast to a primitive value.11) What are order of precedence and associativity?Ans : Order of precedence the order in which operators are evaluated in expressions.Associativity determines whether an expression is evaluated left-right or right-left.12) Which Java operator is right associativity?Ans : = operator.13) What is the difference between prefix and postfix of -- and ++ operators?Ans : The prefix form returns the increment or decrement operation and returns the value of the increment or decrement operation.The postfix form returns the current value of all of the expression and thenperforms the increment or decrement operation on that value.14) What is the result of expression 5.45 + "3,2"?The double value 8.6The string ""8.6"The long value 8.The String "5.453.2"Ans : d15) What are the values of x and y ?x = 5; y = ++x;Ans : x = 6; y = 616) What are the values of x and z?x = 5; z = x++;Ans : x = 6; z = 5 Control Statements1) What are the programming constructs?Ans: a) Sequentialb) Selection -- if and switch statementsc) Iteration -- for loop, while loop and do-while loop2) class conditional {public static void main(String args[]) {int i = 20;int j = 55;int z = 0;z = i < j ? i : j; // ternary operator

System.out.println("The value assigned is " + z);}}What is output of the above program?Ans: The value assigned is 203) The switch statement does not require a break.a)Trueb)FalseAns: b.4) The conditional operator is otherwise known as the ternary operator.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.5) The while loop repeats a set of code while the condition is false.a)Trueb)FalseAns: b.6) The do-while loop repeats a set of code atleast once before the condition is tested.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.7) What are difference between break and continue?Ans: The break keyword halts the execution of the current loop and forces control out of the loop.The continue is similar to break, except that instead of halting the execution of the loop, it starts the next iteration. 8) The for loop repeats a set of statements a certain number of times until a condition is matched.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.9) Can a for statement loop indefintely?Ans : Yes.10) What is the difference between while statement and a do statement/Ans : A while statement checks at the beginning of a loop to see whether the next loop iteration should occur.A do statement checks at the end of a loop to see whether the next iteration of a loop should occur. The do statement will always execute the body of a loop at least once. Introduction to Classes and Methods1) Which is used to get the value of the instance variables?Ans: Dot notation.2) The new operator creates a single instance named class and returns areference to that object.

a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.3) A class is a template for multiple objects with similar features.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.4) What is mean by garbage collection?Ans: When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, Java automaticallyreclaims memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection.5) What are methods and how are they defined?Ans: Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined.Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in other classes.Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method.A method's signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.6) What is calling method?Ans: Calling methods are similar to calling or referring to an instance variable. These methods are accessed using dot notation.Ex: obj.methodname(param1,param2)7) Which method is used to determine the class of an object?Ans: getClass( ) method can be used to find out what class the belongs to. This class is defined in the object class and is available to all objects.8) All the classes in java.lang package are automatically imported whena program is compiled.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.9) How can class be imported to a program?Ans: To import a class, the import keyword should be used as shown.;import classname;10) How can class be imported from a package to a program?Ans: import java . packagename . classname (or) import java.package name.*;11) What is a constructor?Ans: A constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object isinitialized when created.12) Which keyword is used to create an instance of a class?Ans: new.13) Which method is used to garbage collect an object?Ans: finalize ().14) Constructors can be overloaded like regular methods.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.15) What is casting?

Ans: Casting is bused to convert the value of one type to another. 16) Casting between primitive types allows conversion of one primitive type to another.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.17) Casting occurs commonly between numeric types.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.18) Boolean values can be cast into any other primitive type.a)Trueb)FalseAns: b.19) Casting does not affect the original object or value.a)Trueb)FalseAns: a.20) Which cast must be used to convert a larger value into a smaller one?Ans: Explicit cast.21) Which cast must be used to cast an object to another class?Ans: Specific cast.22) Which of the following features are common to both Java & C++?A.The class declarationb.The access modifiersc.The encapsulation of data & methods with in objectsd.The use of pointersAns: a,b,c.23) Which of the following statements accurately describe the use of access modifiers within a class definition?a.They can be applied to both data & methodsb.They must precede a class's data variables or methodsc.They can follow a class's data variables or methodsd.They can appear in any ordere.They must be applied to data variables first and then to methodsAns: a,b,d.24) Suppose a given instance variable has been declared private.Can this instance variable be manipulated by methods out side its class?a.yesb.noAns: b.25) Which of the following statements can be used to describe a public method?a.It is accessible to all other classes in the hierarchyb.It is accessablde only to subclasses of its parent class

c.It represents the public interface of its classd.The only way to gain access to this method is by calling one of the public classmethodsAns: a,c.26) Which of the following types of class members can be part of the internal part of a class?a.Public instance variablesb.Private instance variablesc.Public methodsd.Private methodsAns: b,d.27) You would use the ____ operator to create a single instance of a named class.a.newb.dotAns: a.28) Which of the following statements correctly describes the relation between an object and the instance variable it stores?a.Each new object has its own distinctive set of instance variablesb.Each object has a copy of the instance variables of its classc.the instance variable of each object are seperate from the variables of other objectsd.The instance variables of each object are stored together with the variables of other objectsAns: a,b,c.29) If no input parameters are specified in a method declaration then the declaration will include __.a.an empty set of paranthesesb.the term voidAns: a.30) What are the functions of the dot(.) operator?a.It enables you to access instance variables of any objects within a classb.It enables you to store values in instance variables of an objectc.It is used to call object methodsd.It is to create a new objectAns: a,b,c.31) Which of the following can be referenced by this variable?a.The instance variables of a class onlyb.The methods of a class onlyc.The instance variables and methods of a classAns: c.32) The this reference is used in conjunction with ___methods.a.staticb.non-staticAns: b.33) Which of the following operators are used in conjunction with the this and super references?a.The new operator

b.The instanceof operatorc.The dot operatorAns: c.34) A constructor is automatically called when an object is instantiateda. trueb. falseAns: a.35) When may a constructor be called without specifying arguments?a. When the default constructor is not calledb. When the name of the constructor differs from that of the classc. When there are no constructors for the classAns: c.36) Each class in java can have a finalizer methoda. trueb.falseAns: a.37) When an object is referenced, does this mean that it has been identified by the finalizer method for garbage collection?a.yesb.noAns: b.38) Because finalize () belongs to the java.lang.Object class, it is present in all ___.a.objectsb.classesc.methodsAns: b.39) Identify the true statements about finalization.a.A class may have only one finalize methodb.Finalizers are mostly used with simple classesc.Finalizer overloading is not allowedAns: a,c.40) When you write finalize() method for your class, you are overriding a finalizerinherited from a super class.a.trueb.falseAns: a.41) Java memory management mechanism garbage collects objects which are no longer referenceda trueb.falseAns: a.42) are objects referenced by a variable candidates for garbage collection when the variable goes out of scope?a yesb. noAns: a.

43) Java's garbage collector runs as a ___ priority thread waiting for __priority threads to relinquish the processor.a.highb.lowAns: a,b.44) The garbage collector will run immediately when the system is out of memorya.trueb.falseAns: a.45) You can explicitly drop a object reference by setting the value of a variable whose data type is a reference type to ___Ans: null46) When might your program wish to run the garbage collecter?a. before it enters a compute-intense section of codeb. before it enters a memory-intense section of codec. before objects are finalizedd. when it knows there will be some idle timeAns: a,b,d47) For externalizable objects the class is solely responsible for the external format of its contentsa.trueb.falseAns: a48) When an object is stored, are all of the objects that are reachable from that object stored as well?a.trueb.falseAns: a49) The default__ of objects protects private and trancient data, and supports the __ of the classesa.evolutionb.encodingAns: b,a.50) Which are keywords in Java?a) NULLb) sizeofc) friendd) extendse) synchronizedAns : d and e51) When must the main class and the file name coincide?Ans :When class is declared public.52) What are different modifiers?Ans : public, private, protected, default, static, trancient, volatile, final, abstract.53) What are access modifiers?Ans : public, private, protected, default.

54) What is meant by "Passing by value" and " Passing by reference"?Ans : objects – pass by referrenceMethods - pass by value55) Is a class a subclass of itself?Ans : A class is a subclass itself. 56) What modifiers may be used with top-level class?Ans : public, abstract, final.57) What is an example of polymorphism?Inner classAnonymous classesMethod overloadingMethod overridingAns : c Packages and interface1) What are packages ? what is use of packages ?Ans :The package statement defines a name space in which classes are stored.If you omit the package, the classes are put into the default package.Signature... package pkg;Use: * It specifies to which package the classes defined in a file belongs to. * Package is both naming and a visibility control mechanism.2) What is difference between importing "java.applet.Applet" and "java.applet.*;" ?Ans :"java.applet.Applet" will import only the class Applet from the package java.appletWhere as "java.applet.*" will import all the classes from java.applet package.3) What do you understand by package access specifier?Ans : public: Anything declared as public can be accessed from anywhereprivate: Anything declared in the private can’t be seen outside of its class.default: It is visible to subclasses as well as to other classes in the same package.4) What is interface? What is use of interface?Ans : It is similar to class which may contain method’s signature only but not bodies.Methods declared in interface are abstract methods. We can implement many interfaces on a class which support the multiple inheritance.5) Is it is necessary to implement all methods in an interface?Ans : Yes. All the methods have to be implemented.6) Which is the default access modifier for an interface method?Ans : public.7) Can we define a variable in an interface ?and what type it should be ?Ans : Yes we can define a variable in an interface. They are implicitly final and static.8) What is difference between interface and an abstract class?Ans : All the methods declared inside an Interface are abstract. Where as abstract class must have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract.In Interface we need not use the keyword abstract for the methods.9) By default, all program import the java.lang package.True/False

Ans : True10) Java compiler stores the .class files in the path specified in CLASSPATHenvironmental variable.True/FalseAns : False 11) User-defined package can also be imported just like the standard packages.True/FalseAns : True12) When a program does not want to handle exception, the ______class is used.Ans : Throws13) The main subclass of the Exception class is _______ class.Ans : RuntimeException14) Only subclasses of ______class may be caught or thrown.Ans : Throwable15) Any user-defined exception class is a subclass of the _____ class.Ans : Exception16) The catch clause of the user-defined exception class should ______ itsBase class catch clause.Ans : Exception17) A _______ is used to separate the hierarchy of the class while declaring anImport statement.Ans : Package 18) All standard classes of Java are included within a package called _____.Ans : java.lang19) All the classes in a package can be simultaneously imported using ____.Ans : *20) Can you define a variable inside an Interface. If no, why? If yes, how?Ans.: YES. final and static21) How many concrete classes can you have inside an interface?Ans.: None22) Can you extend an interface?Ans.: Yes23) Is it necessary to implement all the methods of an interface while implementing the interface?Ans.: No24) If you do not implement all the methods of an interface while implementing , what specifier should you use for the class ?Ans.: abstract25) How do you achieve multiple inheritance in Java?Ans: Using interfaces.26) How to declare an interface example?Ans : access class classname implements interface.27) Can you achieve multiple interface through interface?a)True

b) falseAns : a.28) Can variables be declared in an interface ? If so, what are the modifiers?Ans : Yes. final and static are the modifiers can be declared in an interface.29) What are the possible access modifiers when implementing interface methods?Ans : public.30) Can anonymous classes be implemented an interface?Ans : Yes.31) Interfaces can’t be extended.a)Trueb)FalseAns : b.32) Name interfaces without a method?Ans : Serializable, Cloneble & Remote.33) Is it possible to use few methods of an interface in a class ? If so, how?Ans : Yes. Declare the class as abstract. Exception Handling1) What is the difference between ‘throw’ and ‘throws’ ?And it’s application?Ans : Exceptions that are thrown by java runtime systems can be handled by Try and catch blocks. With throw exception we can handle the exceptions thrown by the program itself. If a method is capable of causing an exception that it does nothandle, it must specify this behavior so the callers of the method can guardagainst that exception.2) What is the difference between ‘Exception’ and ‘error’ in java?Ans : Exception and Error are the subclasses of the Throwable class. Exception class is used for exceptional conditions that user program should catch. With exception class we can subclass to create our own custom exception.Error defines exceptions that are not excepted to be caught by you program. Example is Stack Overflow.3) What is ‘Resource leak’?Ans : Freeing up other resources that might have been allocated at the beginning of a method.4)What is the ‘finally’ block?Ans : Finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. If an exception is thrown, the finally block will execute even if no catch statement match the exception. Any time a method is about to return to the caller from inside try/catch block, via an uncaught exception or an explicit return statement, the finally clause is also execute.5) Can we have catch block with out try block? If so when?Ans : No. Try/Catch or Try/finally form a unit.6) What is the difference between the following statements?Catch (Exception e),Catch (Error err),Catch (Throwable t)

Ans : 7) What will happen to the Exception object after exception handling?Ans : It will go for Garbage Collector. And frees the memory.8) How many Exceptions we can define in ‘throws’ clause?Ans : We can define multiple exceptions in throws clause.Signature is..type method-name (parameter-list) throws exception-list 9) The finally block is executed when an exception is thrown, even if no catch matches it.True/FalseAns : True10) The subclass exception should precede the base class exception when used within the catch clause.True/FalseAns : True11) Exceptions can be caught or rethrown to a calling method.True/FalseAns : True12) The statements following the throw keyword in a program are not executed.True/FalseAns : True13) The toString ( ) method in the user-defined exception class is overridden.True/FalseAns : True MULTI THREADING1) What are the two types of multitasking?Ans : 1.process-based2.Thread-based2) What are the two ways to create the thread?Ans : 1.by implementing Runnable2.by extending Thread

3) What is the signature of the constructor of a thread class?Ans : Thread(Runnable threadob,String threadName)4) What are all the methods available in the Runnable Interface?Ans : run()5) What is the data type for the method isAlive() and this method isavailable in which class?Ans : boolean, Thread6) What are all the methods available in the Thread class?Ans : 1.isAlive()2.join()3.resume()4.suspend()5.stop()6.start()7.sleep()8.destroy()7) What are all the methods used for Inter Thread communication and what is the class in which these methods are defined?Ans :1. wait(),notify() & notifyall()2. Object class8) What is the mechanisam defind by java for the Resources to be used by only one Thread at a time?Ans : Synchronisation9) What is the procedure to own the moniter by many threads?Ans : not possible10) What is the unit for 1000 in the below statement?ob.sleep(1000)Ans : long milliseconds11) What is the data type for the parameter of the sleep() method?Ans : long12) What are all the values for the following level?max-prioritymin-prioritynormal-priorityAns : 10,1,513) What is the method available for setting the priority?Ans : setPriority()14) What is the default thread at the time of starting the program?Ans : main thread15) The word synchronized can be used with only a method.True/ FalseAns : False16) Which priority Thread can prompt the lower primary Thread?Ans : Higher Priority17) How many threads at a time can access a monitor?Ans : one

18) What are all the four states associated in the thread?Ans : 1. new 2. runnable 3. blocked 4. dead19) The suspend()method is used to teriminate a thread?True /FalseAns : False20) The run() method should necessary exists in clases created as subclass of thread?True /FalseAns : True21) When two threads are waiting on each other and can't proceed the programe is said to be in a deadlock?True/FalseAns : True22) Which method waits for the thread to die ?Ans : join() method 23) Which of the following is true?1) wait(),notify(),notifyall() are defined as final & can be called only from with in a synchronized method2) Among wait(),notify(),notifyall() the wait() method only throws IOException3) wait(),notify(),notifyall() & sleep() are methods of object class1231 & 21,2 & 3Ans : D24) Garbage collector thread belongs to which priority?Ans : low-priority25) What is meant by timeslicing or time sharing?Ans : Timeslicing is the method of allocating CPU time to individual threads in a priority schedule.26) What is meant by daemon thread? In java runtime, what is it's role?Ans : Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs intermittently in the background doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system. Inheritance1) What is the difference between superclass & subclass?Ans : A super class is a class that is inherited whereas subclass is a class that does the inheriting.2) Which keyword is used to inherit a class?Ans : extends3) Subclasses methods can access superclass members/ attributes at all times?True/False

Ans : False 4) When can subclasses not access superclass members?Ans : When superclass is declared as private.5) Which class does begin Java class hierarchy?Ans : Object class6) Object class is a superclass of all other classes?True/FalseAns : True7) Java supports multiple inheritance?True/FalseAns : False8) What is inheritance?Ans : Deriving an object from an existing class. In the other words, Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class9) What are the advantages of inheritance?Ans : Reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the superclass by subclasses.10) Which method is used to call the constructors of the superclass from the subclass?Ans : super(argument)11) Which is used to execute any method of the superclass from the subclass?Ans : super.method-name(arguments)12) Which methods are used to destroy the objects created by the constructor methods?Ans : finalize()13) What are abstract classes?Ans : Abstract classes are those for which instances can’t be created.14) What must a class do to implement an interface?Ans: It must provide all of the methods in the interface and identify the interface in its implements clause.15) Which methods in the Object class are declared as final?Ans : getClass(), notify(), notifyAll(), and wait()16) Final methods can be overridden.True/FalseAns : False17) Declaration of methods as final results in faster execution of the program?True/FalseAns: True18) Final variables should be declared in the beginning?True/FalseAns : True19) Can we declare variable inside a method as final variables? Why?Ans : Cannot because, local variable cannot be declared as final variables.20) Can an abstract class may be final?Ans : An abstract class may not be declared as final.21) Does a class inherit the constructors of it's super class?Ans: A class does not inherit constructors from any of it's super classes.

22) What restrictions are placed on method overloading?Ans: Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return types.23) What restrictions are placed on method overriding?Ans : Overridden methods must have the same name , argument list , and return type. The overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overridees.The overriding method may not throw any exceptions that may not be thrown by the overridden method.24) What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?Ans : a (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final or abstract.25) How this() is used with constructors?Ans: this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class26) How super() used with constructors?Ans : super() is used to invoke a super class constructor27) Which of the following statements correctly describes an interface?a)It's a concrete classb)It's a superclassc)It's a type of abstract classAns: c28) An interface contains __ methodsa)Non-abstractb)Implementedc)unimplementedAns:c STRING HANDLINGWhich package does define String and StringBuffer classes?Ans : java.lang package.Which method can be used to obtain the length of the String?Ans : length( ) method.How do you concatenate Strings?Ans : By using " + " operator.Which method can be used to compare two strings for equality?Ans : equals( ) method.Which method can be used to perform a comparison between strings that ignores case differences?Ans : equalsIgnoreCase( ) method.What is the use of valueOf( ) method?

Ans : valueOf( ) method converts data from its internal format into a human-readable form.What are the uses of toLowerCase( ) and toUpperCase( ) methods?Ans : The method toLowerCase( ) converts all the characters in a string from uppercase tolowercase.The method toUpperCase( ) converts all the characters in a string from lowercase touppercase.Which method can be used to find out the total allocated capacity of a StrinBuffer?Ans : capacity( ) method.Which method can be used to set the length of the buffer within a StringBuffer object?Ans : setLength( ).What is the difference between String and StringBuffer?Ans : String objects are constants, whereas StringBuffer objects are not.String class supports constant strings, whereas StringBuffer class supports growable, modifiable strings.What are wrapper classes?Ans : Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.Which of the following is not a wrapper class?StringIntegerBooleanCharacterAns : a.What is the output of the following program?public class Question {public static void main(String args[]) {String s1 = "abc";String s2 = "def";String s3 = s1.concat(s2.toUpperCase( ) );System.out.println(s1+s2+s3);}}abcdefabcdefabcabcDEFDEFabcdefabcDEFNone of the aboveANS : c.Which of the following methods are methods of the String class?delete( )append( )reverse( )replace( )Ans : d.Which of the following methods cause the String object referenced by s to be changed?s.concat( )

s.toUpperCase( )s.replace( )s.valueOf( )Ans : a and b.String is a wrapper class?TrueFalseAns : b.17) If you run the code below, what gets printed out?String s=new String("Bicycle"); int iBegin=1; char iEnd=3; System.out.println(s.substring(iBegin,iEnd));Bicicc) icy d) error: no method matching substring(int,char)Ans : b.18) Given the following declarationsString s1=new String("Hello") String s2=new String("there"); String s3=new String();Which of the following are legal operations?s3=s1 + s2;s3=s1 - s2;c) s3=s1 & s2 d) s3=s1 && s2Ans : a.19) Which of the following statements are true?The String class is implemented as a char array, elements are addressed using the stringname[] conventionb) Strings are a primitive type in Java that overloads the + operator for concatenation c) Strings are a primitive type in Java and the StringBuffer is used as the matching wrapper type d) The size of a string can be retrieved using the length property.Ans : b. EXPLORING JAVA.LANGjava.lang package is automatically imported into all programs.

TrueFalseAns : aWhat are the interfaces defined by java.lang?Ans : Cloneable, Comparable and Runnable.What are the constants defined by both Flaot and Double classes?Ans : MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE,NaN,POSITIVE_INFINITY,NEGATIVE_INFINITY andTYPE.What are the constants defined by Byte, Short, Integer and Long?Ans : MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE andTYPE.What are the constants defined by both Float and Double classes?Ans : MAX_RADIX,MIN_RADIX,MAX_VALUE,MIN_VALUE andTYPE.What is the purpose of the Runtime class?Ans : The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.What is the purpose of the System class?Ans : The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.Which class is extended by all other classes?Ans : Object class is extended by all other classes.Which class can be used to obtain design information about an object?Ans : The Class class can be used to obtain information about an object’s design.Which method is used to calculate the absolute value of a number?Ans : abs( ) method.What are E and PI?Ans : E is the base of the natural logarithm and PI is the mathematical value pi.Which of the following classes is used to perform basic console I/O?SystemSecurityManagerMathRuntimeAns : a.Which of the following are true?The Class class is the superclass of the Object class.The Object class is final.The Class class can be used to load other classes.The ClassLoader class can be used to load other classes.Ans : c and d.

Which of the following methods are methods of the Math class?absolute( )log( )cosine( )sine( )Ans : b.Which of the following are true about the Error and Exception classes?Both classes extend Throwable.The Error class is final and the Exception class is not.The Exception class is final and the Error is not.Both classes implement Throwable.Ans : a.Which of the following are true?The Void class extends the Class class.The Float class extends the Double class.The System class extends the Runtime class.The Integer class extends the Number class.Ans : d. 17) Which of the following will output -4.0System.out.println(Math.floor(-4.7));System.out.println(Math.round(-4.7));System.out.println(Math.ceil(-4.7));d) System.out.println(Math.Min(-4.7));Ans : c.18) Which of the following are valid statementsa) public class MyCalc extends Math b) Math.max(s); c) Math.round(9.99,1); d) Math.mod(4,10);e) None of the above.Ans : e.19) What will happen if you attempt to compile and run the following code?Integer ten=new Integer(10); Long nine=new Long (9); System.out.println(ten + nine); int i=1; System.out.println(i + ten);19 followed by 2019 followed by 11

Error: Can't convert java lang Integerd) 10 followed by 1Ans : c. INPUT / OUTPUT : EXPLORING JAVA.IOWhat is meant by Stream and what are the types of Streams and classes of the Streams?Ans : A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information.There are two types of Streams. They are:Byte Streams : Byte Streams provide a convenient means for handling input and output of bytes.Character Streams : Character Streams provide a convenient means for handling input and output of characters.Byte Stream classes : Byte Streams are defined by using two abstract classes. They are:InputStream and OutputStream.Character Stream classes : Character Streams are defined by using two abstract classes. They are : Reader and Writer.Which of the following statements are true?UTF characters are all 8-bits.UTF characters are all 16-bits.UTF characters are all 24-bits.Unicode characters are all 16-bits.Bytecode characters are all 16-bits.Ans : d.Which of the following statements are true?When you construct an instance of File, if you do not use the filenaming semantics of the local machine, the constructor will throw an IOException.When you construct an instance of File, if the corresponding file does not exist on the local file system, one will be created.When an instance of File is garbage collected, the corresponding file on the local file system is deleted.None of the above.Ans : a,b and c.The File class contains a method that changes the current working directory.TrueFalseAns : b.It is possible to use the File class to list the contents of the current working directory.TrueFalseAns : a.Readers have methods that can read and return floats and doubles.TrueFalseAns : b.You execute the code below in an empty directory. What is the result?File f1 = new File("dirname");

File f2 = new File(f1, "filename");A new directory called dirname is created in the current working directory.A new directory called dirname is created in the current working directory. A new file called filename is created in directory dirname.A new directory called dirname and a new file called filename are created, both in the current working directory.A new file called filename is created in the current working directory.No directory is created, and no file is created.Ans : e.What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and theInputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?Ans : The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is byte-oriented.What is an I/O filter?Ans : An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and writes to another, usually altering the data in some way as it is passed from one stream to another.What is the purpose of the File class?Ans : The File class is used to create objects that provide access to the files and directories of a local file system.What interface must an object implement before it can be written to a stream as an object?Ans : An object must implement the Serializable or Externalizable interface before it can be written to a stream as an object.What is the difference between the File and RandomAccessFile classes?Ans : The File class encapsulates the files and directories of the local file system. The RandomAccessFile class provides the methods needed to directly access data contained in any part of a file.What class allows you to read objects directly from a stream?Ans : The ObjectInputStream class supports the reading of objects from input streams.What value does read( ) return when it has reached the end of a file?Ans : The read( ) method returns – 1 when it has reached the end of a file.What value does readLine( ) return when it has reached the end of a file?Ans : The readLine( ) method returns null when it has reached the end of a file.How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16 and UTF-8 characters?Ans : Unicode requires 16-bits and ASCII requires 8-bits. Although the ASCII character set uses only 1-bits, it is usually represented as 8-bits. UTF-8 represents characters using 8, 16 and 18-bit patterns. UTF-16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.Which of the following are true?The InputStream and OutputStream classes are byte-oriented.The ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream do not support serialized object input and output.The Reader and Writer classes are character-oriented.The Reader and Writer classes are the preferred solution to serialized object output.Ans : a and c.Which of the following are true about I/O filters?Filters are supported on input, but not on output.

Filters are supported by the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy, but not by the Reader/Writer class hierarchy.Filters read from one stream and write to another.A filter may alter data that is read from one stream and written to another.Ans : c and d.Which of the following are true?Any Unicode character is represented using 16-bits.7-bits are needed to represent any ASCII character.UTF-8 characters are represented using only 8-bits.UTF-16 characters are represented using only 16-bits.Ans : a and b.Which of the following are true?The Serializable interface is used to identify objects that may be written to an output stream.The Externalizable interface is implemented by classes that control the way in which their objects are serialized.The Serializable interface extends the Externalizable interface.The Externalizable interface extends the Serializable interface.Ans : a, b and d.Which of the following are true about the File class?A File object can be used to change the current working directory.A File object can be used to access the files in the current directory.When a File object is created, a corresponding directory or file is created in the local file system.File objects are used to access files and directories on the local file system.File objects can be garbage collected.When a File object is garbage collected, the corresponding file or directory is deleted.Ans : b, d and e.How do you create a Reader object from an InputStream object?Use the static createReader( ) method of InputStream class.Use the static createReader( ) method of Reader class.Create an InputStreamReader object, passing the InputStream object as an argument to the InputStreamReader constructor.Create an OutputStreamReader object, passing the InputStream object as an argument to the OutputStreamReader constructor.Ans : c.Which of the following are true?Writer classes can be used to write characters to output streams using different character encodings.Writer classes can be used to write Unicode characters to output streams.Writer classes have methods that support the writing of the values of any Java primitive type to output streams.Writer classes have methods that support the writing of objects to output streams.Ans : a and b.The isFile( ) method returns a boolean value depending on whether the file object is a file or a directory.

True.False.Ans : a.Reading or writing can be done even after closing the input/output source.True.False.Ans : b. The ________ method helps in clearing the buffer.Ans : flush( ).The System.err method is used to print error message.True.False.Ans : a.What is meant by StreamTokenizer?Ans : StreamTokenizer breaks up InputStream into tokens that are delimited by sets of characters.It has the constructor : StreamTokenizer(Reader inStream).Here inStream must be some form of Reader.What is Serialization and deserialization?Ans : Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream.Deserialization is the process of restoring these objects.30) Which of the following can you perform using the File class?a) Change the current directory b) Return the name of the parent directory c) Delete a file d) Find if a file contains text or binary informationAns : b and c.31)How can you change the current working directory using an instance of the File class called FileName?FileName.chdir("DirName").FileName.cd("DirName").FileName.cwd("DirName").The File class does not support directly changing the current directory.Ans : d.

EVENT HANDLING

The event delegation model, introduced in release 1.1 of the JDK, is fully compatible with theevent model.TrueFalseAns : b.A component subclass that has executed enableEvents( ) to enable processing of a certain kind of event cannot also use an adapter as a listener for the same kind of event.TrueFalseAns : b.What is the highest-level event class of the event-delegation model?Ans : The java.util.eventObject class is the highest-level class in the event-delegation hierarchy.What interface is extended by AWT event listeners?Ans : All AWT event listeners extend the java.util.EventListener interface.What class is the top of the AWT event hierarchy?Ans : The java.awt.AWTEvent class is the highest-level class in the AWT event class hierarchy.What event results from the clicking of a button?Ans : The ActionEvent event is generated as the result of the clicking of a button.What is the relationship between an event-listener interface and an event-adapter class?Ans : An event-listener interface defines the methods that must be implemented by an eventhandler for a particular kind of event.An event adapter provides a default implementation of an event-listener interface.In which package are most of the AWT events that support the event-delegation model defined?Ans : Most of the AWT–related events of the event-delegation model are defined in thejava.awt.event package. The AWTEvent class is defined in the java.awt package.What is the advantage of the event-delegation model over the earlier event-inheritance model?Ans : The event-delegation has two advantages over the event-inheritance model. They are :It enables event handling by objects other than the ones that generate the events. Thisallows a clean separation between a component’s design and its use.It performs much better in applications where many events are generated. Thisperformance improvement is due to the fact that the event-delegation model does nothave to repeatedly process unhandled events, as is the case of the event-inheritancemodel.What is the purpose of the enableEvents( ) method?Ans :The enableEvents( ) method is used to enable an event for a particular object.Which of the following are true?The event-inheritance model has replaced the event-delegation model.The event-inheritance model is more efficient than the event-delegation model.

The event-delegation model uses event listeners to define the methods of event-handling classes.The event-delegation model uses the handleEvent( ) method to support event handling.Ans : c.Which of the following is the highest class in the event-delegation model?java.util.EventListenerjava.util.EventObjectjava.awt.AWTEventjava.awt.event.AWTEventAns : b.When two or more objects are added as listeners for the same event, which listener is first invoked to handle the event?The first object that was added as listener.The last object that was added as listener.There is no way to determine which listener will be invoked first.It is impossible to have more than one listener for a given event.Ans : c.Which of the following components generate action events?ButtonsLabelsCheck boxesWindowsAns : a.Which of the following are true?A TextField object may generate an ActionEvent.A TextArea object may generate an ActionEvent.A Button object may generate an ActionEvent.A MenuItem object may generate an ActionEvent.Ans : a,c and d.Which of the following are true?The MouseListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.The MouseMotionListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.The MouseClickListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.The ActionListener interface defines methods for handling the clicking of a button.Ans : a and d.Suppose that you want to have an object eh handle the TextEvent of a TextArea object t. How should you add eh as the event handler for t?t.addTextListener(eh);eh.addTextListener(t);addTextListener(eh.t);addTextListener(t,eh);Ans : a.What is the preferred way to handle an object’s events in Java 2?Override the object’s handleEvent( ) method.Add one or more event listeners to handle the events.Have the object override its processEvent( ) methods.

Have the object override its dispatchEvent( ) methods.Ans : b.Which of the following are true?A component may handle its own events by adding itself as an event listener.A component may handle its own events by overriding its event-dispatching method.A component may not handle oits own events.A component may handle its own events only if it implements the handleEvent( ) method.Ans : a and b. APPLETSWhat is an Applet? Should applets have constructors?Ans : Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a Web pagedisplayed by a Java capable browser. We don’t have the concept of Constructors in Applets.How do we read number information from my applet’s parameters, given that Applet’s getParameter() method returns a string?Ans : Use the parseInt() method in the Integer Class, the Float(String) constructor in theClass Float, or the Double(String) constructor in the class Double.How can I arrange for different applets on a web page to communicate with each other?Ans : Name your applets inside the Applet tag and invoke AppletContext’s getApplet()method in your applet code to obtain references to the other applets on the page.How do I select a URL from my Applet and send the browser to that page?Ans : Ask the applet for its applet context and invoke showDocument() on that context object.Eg. URL targetURL;String URLStringAppletContext context = getAppletContext();

try{targetUR L = new URL(URLString);} catch (Malformed URLException e){// Code for recover from the exception}context. showDocument (targetURL);Can applets on different pages communicate with each other?Ans : No. Not Directly. The applets will exchange the information at one meeting placeeither on the local file system or at remote system.How do Applets differ from Applications?Ans : Appln: Stand AloneApplet: Needs no explicit installation on local m/c.Appln: Execution starts with main() method.Applet: Execution starts with init() method.Appln: May or may not be a GUIApplet: Must run within a GUI (Using AWT)How do I determine the width and height of my application?Ans : Use the getSize() method, which the Applet class inherits from the Componentclass in the Java.awt package. The getSize() method returns the size of the applet asa Dimension object, from which you extract separate width, height fields.Eg. Dimension dim = getSize ();int appletwidth = dim.width ();8) What is AppletStub Interface?Ans : The applet stub interface provides the means by which an applet and the browser communicate. Your code will not typically implement this interface.It is essential to have both the .java file and the .html file of an applet in the samedirectory.True.False.Ans : b.The <PARAM> tag contains two attributes namely _________ and _______.Ans : Name , value. Passing values to parameters is done in the _________ file of an applet.Ans : .html.12) What tags are mandatory when creating HTML to display an appletname, height, widthcode, namecodebase, height, widthd) code, height, widthAns : d.Applet’s getParameter( ) method can be used to get parameter values.True.False.Ans : a.What are the Applet’s Life Cycle methods? Explain them?

Ans : init( ) method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded.start( ) method - Can be called each time an applet is started.paint( ) method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or refreshed.stop( ) method - Can be called when the browser moves off the applet’s page.destroy( ) method - Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet.What are the Applet’s information methods?Ans : getAppletInfo( ) method : Returns a string describing the applet, its author ,copyright information, etc.getParameterInfo( ) method : Returns an array of string describing the applet’s parameters.All Applets are subclasses of Applet.True.False.Ans : a.All Applets must import java.applet and java.awt.True.False.Ans : a.What are the steps involved in Applet development?Ans : a) Edit a Java source file,b) Compile your program andc) Execute the appletviewer, specifying the name of your applet’s source file.Applets are executed by the console based Java run-time interpreter.True.False.Ans : b.Which classes and interfaces does Applet class consist?Ans : Applet class consists of a single class, the Applet class and three interfaces: AppletContext,AppletStub and AudioClip.What is the sequence for calling the methods by AWT for applets?Ans : When an applet begins, the AWT calls the following methods, in this sequence.init( )start( )paint( )When an applet is terminated, the following sequence of method cals takes place :stop( )destroy( )Which method is used to output a string to an applet?Ans : drawString ( ) method.Every color is created from an RGB value.True.FalseAns : a.

AWT : WINDOWS, GRAPHICS AND FONTSHow would you set the color of a graphics context called g to cyan?g.setColor(Color.cyan);g.setCurrentColor(cyan);g.setColor("Color.cyan");g.setColor("cyan’);g.setColor(new Color(cyan));Ans : a.The code below draws a line. What color is the line?g.setColor(Color.red.green.yellow.red.cyan);g.drawLine(0, 0, 100,100);RedGreenYellowCyanBlackAns : d.What does the following code draw?g.setColor(Color.black);g.drawLine(10, 10, 10, 50);g.setColor(Color.RED);g.drawRect(100, 100, 150, 150);A red vertical line that is 40 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixelsA black vertical line that is 40 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixelsA black vertical line that is 50 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixelsA red vertical line that is 50 pixels long and a red square with sides of 150 pixelsA black vertical line that is 40 pixels long and a red square with sides of 100 pixelAns : b.Which of the statements below are true?A polyline is always filled.b) A polyline can not be filled.c) A polygon is always filled.d) A polygon is always closede) A polygon may be filled or not filledAns : b, d and e.What code would you use to construct a 24-point bold serif font?new Font(Font.SERIF, 24,Font.BOLD);new Font("SERIF", 24, BOLD");new Font("BOLD ", 24,Font.SERIF);new Font("SERIF", Font.BOLD,24);new Font(Font.SERIF, "BOLD", 24);Ans : d.What does the following paint( ) method draw?Public void paint(Graphics g) {g.drawString("question #6",10,0);}

The string "question #6", with its top-left corner at 10,0A little squiggle coming down from the top of the component, a little way in from the left edgeAns : b. What does the following paint( ) method draw?Public void paint(Graphics g) {g.drawString("question #6",10,0);}A circle at (100, 100) with radius of 44A circle at (100, 44) with radius of 100A circle at (100, 44) with radius of 44The code does not compileAns : d.8)What is relationship between the Canvas class and the Graphics class?Ans : A Canvas object provides access to a Graphics object via its paint( ) method.What are the Component subclasses that support painting.Ans : The Canvas, Frame, Panel and Applet classes support painting.What is the difference between the paint( ) and repaint( ) method?Ans : The paint( ) method supports painting via a Graphics object. The repaint( ) method is usedto cause paint( ) to be invoked by the AWT painting method.What is the difference between the Font and FontMetrics classes?Ans : The FontMetrics class is used to define implementation-specific properties, such as ascentand descent, of a Font object.Which of the following are passed as an argument to the paint( ) method?A Canvas objectA Graphics objectAn Image objectA paint objectAns : b.Which of the following methods are invoked by the AWT to support paint and repaint operations?paint( )repaint( )draw( )redraw( )Ans : a.Which of the following classes have a paint( ) method?CanvasImageFrameGraphicsAns : a and c.

Which of the following are methods of the Graphics class?drawRect( )drawImage( )drawPoint( )drawString( )Ans : a, b and d.Which Font attributes are available through the FontMetrics class?ascentleadingcaseheightAns : a, b and d.Which of the following are true?The AWT automatically causes a window to be repainted when a portion of a window has been minimized and then maximized.The AWT automatically causes a window to be repainted when a portion of a window has been covered and then uncovered.The AWT automatically causes a window to be repainted when application data is changed.The AWT does not support repainting operations.Ans : a and b.Which method is used to size a graphics object to fit the current size of the window?Ans : getSize( ) method.What are the methods to be used to set foreground and background colors?Ans : setForeground( ) and setBackground( ) methods.19) You have created a simple Frame and overridden the paint method as followspublic void paint(Graphics g){ g.drawString("Dolly",50,10); }What will be the result when you attempt to compile and run the program?The string "Dolly" will be displayed at the centre of the frameb) An error at compilation complaining at the signature of the paint method c) The lower part of the word Dolly will be seen at the top of the form, with the top hidden. d) The string "Dolly" will be shown at the bottom of the formAns : c.20) Where g is a graphics instance what will the following code draw on the screen.g.fillArc(45,90,50,50,90,180);a) An arc bounded by a box of height 45, width 90 with a centre point of 50,50, starting at an angle of 90 degrees traversing through 180 degrees counter clockwise.b) An arc bounded by a box of height 50, width 50, with a centre point of 45,90 starting at an angle of 90 degrees traversing through 180 degrees clockwise.c) An arc bounded by a box of height 50, width 50, with a top left at coordinates of 45, 90, starting at 90 degrees and traversing through 180 degrees counter clockwise.

d) An arc starting at 45 degrees, traversing through 90 degrees clockwise bounded by a box of height 50, width 50 with a centre point of 90, 180.Ans : c.21) Given the following code import java.awt.*;public class SetF extends Frame{public static void main(String argv[]){SetF s = new SetF();s.setSize(300,200);s.setVisible(true);}} How could you set the frame surface color to pinka)s.setBackground(Color.pink);b)s.setColor(PINK);c)s.Background(pink);d)s.color=Color.pinkAns : a. AWT: CONTROLS, LAYOUT MANAGERS AND MENUSWhat is meant by Controls and what are different types of controls?Ans : Controls are componenets that allow a user to interact with your application.The AWT supports the following types of controls:LabelsPush buttonsCheck boxesChoice listsListsScroll barsText componentsThese controls are subclasses of Component.You want to construct a text area that is 80 character-widths wide and 10 character-heights tall. What code do you use?new TextArea(80, 10)new TextArea(10, 80)Ans: b.A text field has a variable-width font. It is constructed by calling newTextField("iiiii"). What happens if you change the contents of the text field to"wwwww"? (Bear in mind that is one of the narrowest characters, and w is one of the widest.)The text field becomes wider.The text field becomes narrower.

The text field stays the same width; to see the entire contents you will have to scroll by using the ß and à keys.The text field stays the same width; to see the entire contents you will have to scroll by using the text field’s horizontal scroll bar.Ans : c.The CheckboxGroup class is a subclass of the Component class.TrueFalseAns : b.5) What are the immediate super classes of the following classes?a) Container classb) MenuComponent classc) Dialog classd) Applet classe) Menu classAns : a) Container - Componentb) MenuComponent - Objectc) Dialog - Windowd) Applet - Panele) Menu - MenuItem6) What are the SubClass of Textcomponent Class?Ans : TextField and TextArea7) Which method of the component class is used to set the position and the size of a component?Ans : setBounds()8) Which TextComponent method is used to set a TextComponent to the read-only state?Ans : setEditable()9) How can the Checkbox class be used to create a radio button?Ans : By associating Checkbox objects with a CheckboxGroup.10) What Checkbox method allows you to tell if a Checkbox is checked?Ans : getState()11) Which Component method is used to access a component's immediate Container?getVisible()getImmediategetParent()getContainerAns : c.12) What methods are used to get and set the text label displayed by a Button object?Ans : getLabel( ) and setLabel( )13) What is the difference between a Choice and a List?Ans : A Choice is displayed in a compact form that requires you to pull it down to see the list of available choices. Only one item may be selected from a Choice.A List may be displayed in such a way that several List items are visible. A List supports the selection of one or more List items.14) Which Container method is used to cause a container to be laid out and redisplayed?Ans : validate( )

15) What is the difference between a Scollbar and a Scrollpane?Ans : A Scrollbar is a Component, but not a Container.A Scrollpane is a Container and handles its own events and performs its ownscrolling.16) Which Component subclass is used for drawing and painting?Ans : Canvas.17) Which of the following are direct or indirect subclasses of Component?ButtonLabelCheckboxMenuItemToolbarFrameAns : a, b and e.18) Which of the following are direct or indirect subclasses of Container?FrameTextAreaMenuBarFileDialogAppletAns : a,d and e.19) Which method is used to set the text of a Label object?setText( )setLabel( )setTextLabel( )setLabelText( )Ans : a.20) Which constructor creates a TextArea with 10 rows and 20 columns?new TextArea(10, 20)new TextArea(20, 10)new TextArea(new Rows(10), new columns(20))new TextArea(200)Ans : a.(Usage is TextArea(rows, columns)21) Which of the following creates a List with 5 visible items and multiple selection enabled?new List(5, true)new List(true, 5)new List(5, false)new List(false,5)Ans : a.[Usage is List(rows, multipleMode)]22) Which are true about the Container class?The validate( ) method is used to cause a Container to be laid out and redisplayed.The add( ) method is used to add a Component to a Container.The getBorder( ) method returns information about a Container’s insets.

The getComponent( ) method is used to access a Component that is contained in a Container.Ans : a, b and d.23) Suppose a Panel is added to a Frame and a Button is added to the Panel. If the Frame’s font is set to 12-point TimesRoman, the Panel’s font is set to 10-point TimesRoman, and the Button’s font is not set, what font will be used to dispaly the Button’s label?12-point TimesRoman11-point TimesRoman10-point TimesRoman9-point TimesRomanAns : c.A Frame’s background color is set to Color.Yellow, and a Button’s background color is to Color.Blue. Suppose the Button is added to a Panel, which is added to the Frame. What background color will be used with the Panel?Colr.YellowColor.BlueColor.GreenColor.WhiteAns : a.25) Which method will cause a Frame to be displayed?show( )setVisible( )display( )displayFrame( )Ans : a and b.26) All the componenet classes and container classes are derived from _________ class.Ans : Object.27) Which method of the container class can be used to add components to a Panel.Ans : add ( ) method.28) What are the subclasses of the Container class?Ans : The Container class has three major subclasses. They are :WindowPanelScrollPane29) The Choice component allows multiple selection.True.False.Ans : b.30) The List component does not generate any events.True.False.Ans : b.31) Which components are used to get text input from the user.Ans : TextField and TextArea.32) Which object is needed to group Checkboxes to make them exclusive?

Ans : CheckboxGroup.33) Which of the following components allow multiple selections?Non-exclusive Checkboxes.Radio buttons.Choice.List.Ans : a and d.34) What are the types of Checkboxes and what is the difference between them?Ans : Java supports two types of Checkboxes. They are : Exclusive and Non-exclusive.In case of exclusive Checkboxes, only one among a group of items can be selected at a time. I f an item from the group is selected, the checkbox currently checked is deselected and the new selection is highlighted. The exclusive Checkboxes are also called as Radio buttons.The non-exclusive checkboxes are not grouped together and each one can be selected independent of the other.35) What is a Layout Manager and what are the different Layout Managers available in java.awt and what is the default Layout manager for the panal and the panal subclasses?Ans: A layout Manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container.The different layouts available in java.awt are :FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridLayout and GridBag Layout.The default Layout Manager of Panal and Panal sub classes is FlowLayout".36) Can I exert control over the size and placement of components in my interface?Ans : Yes.myPanal.setLayout(null);myPanal.setbounds(20,20,200,200);37) Can I add the same component to more than one container?Ans : No. Adding a component to a container automatically removes it from any previous parent(container).38) How do I specify where a window is to be placed?Ans : Use setBounds, setSize, or setLocation methods to implement this.setBounds(int x, int y, int width, int height)setBounds(Rectangle r)setSize(int width, int height)setSize(Dimension d)setLocation(int x, int y)setLocation(Point p) 39) How can we create a borderless window?Ans : Create an instance of the Window class, give it a size, and show it on the screen.eg. Frame aFrame = ......Window aWindow = new Window(aFrame);aWindow.setLayout(new FlowLayout());aWindow.add(new Button("Press Me"));aWindow.getBounds(50,50,200,200);aWindow.show();

40) Can I create a non-resizable windows? If so, how?Ans: Yes. By using setResizable() method in class Frame.41) What is the default Layout Manager for the Window and Window subclasses (Frame,Dialog)?Ans : BorderLayout().42) How are the elements of different layouts organized?Ans : FlowLayout : The elements of a FlowLayout are organized in a top to bottom, left to right fashion.BorderLayout : The elements of a BorderLayout are organized at theborders (North, South, East and West) and the center of acontainer.CardLayout : The elements of a CardLayout are stacked, one on top of the other, like a deck of cards.GridLayout : The elements of a GridLayout are of equal size and are laid out using the square of a grid.GridBagLayout : The elements of a GridBagLayout are organized according to a grid.However, the elements are of different sizes and may occupymore than one row or column of the grid. In addition, the rows and columns may have different sizes.43) Which containers use a BorderLayout as their default layout?Ans : The Window, Frame and Dialog classes use a BorderLayout as their default layout. 44) Which containers use a FlowLayout as their default layout?Ans : The Panel and the Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.45) What is the preferred size of a component?Ans : The preferred size of a component size that will allow the component to display normally.46) Which method is method to set the layout of a container?startLayout( )initLayout( )layoutContainer( )setLayout( )Ans : d.47) Which method returns the preferred size of a component?getPreferredSize( )getPreferred( )getRequiredSize( )getLayout( )Ans : a. 48) Which layout should you use to organize the components of a container in atabular form?

CardLayoutBorederLayoutFlowLayoutGridLayoutAns : d.An application has a frame that uses a Border layout manager. Why is it probably not a good idea to put a vertical scroll bar at North in the frame?The scroll bar’s height would be its preferred height, which is not likely to be enough.The scroll bar’s width would be the entire width of the frame, which would be much wider than necessary.Both a and b.Neither a nor b. There is no problem with the layout as described.Ans : c.What is the default layouts for a applet, a frame and a panel?Ans : For an applet and a panel, Flow layout is the default layout, whereas Border layout is default layout for a frame.If a frame uses a Grid layout manager and does not contain any panels, then all the components within the frame are the same width and height.TrueFalse.Ans : a.If a frame uses its default layout manager and does not contain any panels, then all the components within the frame are the same width and height.TrueFalse.Ans : b.With a Border layout manager, the component at Center gets all the space that is left over, after the components at North and South have been considered.TrueFalseAns : b.An Applet has its Layout Manager set to the default of FlowLayout. What code would be the correct to change to another Layout Manager?setLayoutManager(new GridLayout());setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));c) setGridLayout(2,2,)) d setBorderLayout();Ans : b.55) How do you indicate where a component will be positioned using Flowlayout?a) North, South,East,Westb) Assign a row/column grid referencec) Pass a X/Y percentage parameter to the add methodd) Do nothing, the FlowLayout will position the componentAns :d.

56) How do you change the current layout manager for a container?a) Use the setLayout methodb) Once created you cannot change the current layout manager of a componentc) Use the setLayoutManager methodd) Use the updateLayout methodAns :a.57)When using the GridBagLayout manager, each new component requires a new instance of the GridBagConstraints class. Is this statement true or false?a) trueb) falseAns : b.58) Which of the following statements are true?a)The default layout manager for an Applet is FlowLayout b) The default layout manager for an application is FlowLayout c) A layout manager must be assigned to an Applet before the setSize method is called d) The FlowLayout manager attempts to honor the preferred size of any componentsAns : a and d.59) Which method does display the messages whenever there is an item selection or deselection of the CheckboxMenuItem menu?Ans : itemStateChanged method.60) Which is a dual state menu item?Ans : CheckboxMenuItem.61) Which method can be used to enable/diable a checkbox menu item?Ans : setState(boolean).Which of the following may a menu contain?A separatorA check boxA menuA buttonA panelAns : a and c.Which of the following may contain a menu bar?A panelA frameAn appletA menu barA menuAns : b64) What is the difference between a MenuItem and a CheckboxMenuItem?Ans : The CheckboxMenuItem class extends the MenuItem class to support a menu itemthat may be checked or unchecked.

65) Which of the following are true?A Dialog can have a MenuBar.MenuItem extends Menu.

A MenuItem can be added to a Menu.A Menu can be added to a Menu.Ans : c and d.

Which colour is used to indicate instance methods in the standard "javadoc" format documentation:1) blue2) red3) purple4) orangeAnswer : 2explainIn JDK 1.1 the variabels, methods and constructors are colour coded to simplifytheir identification.endExplainWhat is the correct ordering for the import, class and package declarations when found in a single file?1) package, import, class2) class, import, package3) import, package, class4) package, class, importAnswer : 1explainThis is my explanation for question 2endExplainWhich methods can be legally applied to a string object?(Multiple)1) equals(String)2) equals(Object)3) trim()4) round()5) toString()Answer : 1,2,3,5What is the parameter specification for the public static void main method?(multiple)1) String args []2) String [] args3) Strings args []4) String argsAnswer : 1,2What does the zeroth element of the string array passed to the public static void main method contain?(multiple)1) The name of the program2) The number of arguments

3) The first argument if one is presentAnswer : 3Which of the following are Java keywords?(multiple)1) goto2) malloc3) extends4) FALSEAnswer : 3What will be the result of compiling the following code:public class Test {public static void main (String args []) {int age;age = age + 1;System.out.println("The age is " + age);}}1) Compiles and runs with no output2) Compiles and runs printing out The age is 13) Compiles but generates a runtime error4) Does not compile5) Compiles but generates a compile time errorAnswer : 4Which of these is the correct format to use to create the literal char value a?(multiple)1) 'a'2) "a"3) new Character(a)4) \000aAnswer : 1What is the legal range of a byte integral type?1) 0 - 65, 5352) (-128) - 1273) (-32,768) - 32,7674) (-256) - 255Answer : 2Which of the following is illegal:1) int i = 32;2) float f = 45.0;3) double d = 45.0;Answer 2What will be the result of compiling the following code:public class Test {static int age;public static void main (String args []) {age = age + 1;

System.out.println("The age is " + age);}}1) Compiles and runs with no output2) Compiles and runs printing out The age is 13) Compiles but generates a runtime error4) Does not compile5) Compiles but generates a compile time errorAnswer : 2Which of the following are correct?(multiple)1) 128 >> 1 gives 642) 128 >>> 1 gives 643) 128 >> 1 gives -644) 128 >>> 1 gives -64Answer : 1Which of the following return true?(multiple)1) "john" == new String("john")2) "john".equals("john")3) "john" = "john"4) "john".equals(new Button("john"))Answer : 2Which of the following do not lead to a runtime error?(multiple)1) "john" + " was " + " here"2) "john" + 33) 3 + 54) 5 + 5.5answer 1,2,3,4Which of the following are so called "short circuit" logical operators?(multiple)1) &2) ||3) &&4) |Answer : 2,3Which of the following are acceptable?(multiple)1) Object o = new Button("A");2) Boolean flag = true;3) Panel p = new Frame();4) Frame f = new Panel();5) Panel p = new Applet();Answer : 1,5What is the result of compiling and running the following code:

public class Test {static int total = 10;public static void main (String args []) {new Test();}public Test () {System.out.println("In test");System.out.println(this);int temp = this.total;if (temp > 5) {System.out.println(temp);}}}(multiple)1) The class will not compile2) The compiler reports and error at line 23) The compiler reports an error at line 94) The value 10 is one of the elements printed to the standard output5) The class compiles but generates a runtime errorAnswer : 4Which of the following is correct:1) String temp [] = new String {"j" "a" "z"};2) String temp [] = { "j " " b" "c"};3) String temp = {"a", "b", "c"};4) String temp [] = {"a", "b", "c"};Answer 4What is the correct declaration of an abstract method that is intended to be public:1) public abstract void add();2) public abstract void add() {}3) public abstract add();4) public virtual add();Answer : 1Under what situations do you obtain a default constructor?1) When you define any class2) When the class has no other constructors3) When you define at least one constructorAnswer : 2Which of the following can be used to define a constructor for this class, given the following code:public class Test {...}1) public void Test() {...}2) public Test() {...}3) public static Test() {...}

4) public static void Test() {...}Answer : 2Which of the following are acceptable to the Java compiler:(multiple)1) if (2 == 3) System.out.println("Hi");2) if (2 = 3) System.out.println("Hi");3) if (true) System.out.println("Hi");4) if (2 != 3) System.out.println("Hi");5) if (aString.equals("hello")) System.out.println("Hi");Answer : 1,3,4,5Assuming a method contains code which may raise an Exception (but not a RuntimeException), what is the correct way for a method to indicate that it expects the caller to handle that exception:1) throw Exception2) throws Exception3) new Exception4) Don't need to specify anythingAnswer : 2What is the result of executing the following code, using the parameters 4 and 0:public void divide(int a, int b) {try {int c = a / b;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.print("Exception ");} finally {System.out.println("Finally");}1) Prints out: Exception Finally2) Prints out: Finally3) Prints out: Exception4) No outputAnswer : 1Which of the following is a legal return type of a method overloading the following method:public void add(int a) {...}1) void2) int3) Can be anythingAnswer : 3Which of the following statements is correct for a method which is overriding the following method:public void add(int a) {...}1) the overriding method must return void2) the overriding method must return int3) the overriding method can return whatever it likesAnswer : 1

Given the following classes defined in separate files, what will be the effect of compiling and running this class Test?class Vehicle {public void drive() {System.out.println("Vehicle: drive");}}class Car extends Vehicle {public void drive() {System.out.println("Car: drive");}}public class Test {public static void main (String args []) {Vehicle v;Car c;v = new Vehicle();c = new Car();v.drive();c.drive();v = c;v.drive();}}1) Generates a Compiler error on the statement v= c;2) Generates runtime error on the statement v= c;3) Prints out:Vehicle: driveCar: driveCar: drive4) Prints out:Vehicle: driveCar: driveVehicle: driveAnswer : 3Where in a constructor, can you place a call to a constructor defined in the super class?1) Anywhere2) The first statement in the constructor3) The last statement in the constructor4) You can't call super in a constructorAnswer : 2Which variables can an inner class access from the class which encapsulates it?(multiple)1) All static variables2) All final variables3) All instance variables

4) Only final instance variables5) Only final static variablesAnswer : 1,2,3What class must an inner class extend:1) The top level class2) The Object class3) Any class or interface4) It must extend an interfaceAnswer 3In the following code, which is the earliest statement, where the object originally held in e, may be garbage collected:1. public class Test {2. public static void main (String args []) {3. Employee e = new Employee("Bob", 48);4. e.calculatePay();5. System.out.println(e.printDetails());6. e = null;7. e = new Employee("Denise", 36);8. e.calculatePay();9. System.out.println(e.printDetails());10. }11. }1) Line 102) Line 113) Line 74) Line 85) NeverAnswer : 3What is the name of the interface that can be used to define a class that can execute within its own thread?1) Runnable2) Run3) Threadable4) Thread5) ExecutableAnswer : 1What is the name of the method used to schedule a thread for execution?1) init();2) start();3) run();4) resume();5) sleep();Answer : 2Which methods may cause a thread to stop executing?(multiple)1) sleep();

2) stop();3) yield();4) wait();5) notify();6) notifyAll()7) synchronized()Answer : 1,2,3,4Which of the following would create a text field able to display 10 characters (assuming a fixed size font) displaying the initial string "hello":1) new TextField("hello", 10);2) new TextField("hello");3) new textField(10);4) new TextField();Answer : 1Which of the following methods are defined on the Graphics class:(multiple)1) drawLine(int, int, int, int)2) drawImage(Image, int, int, ImageObserver)3) drawString(String, int, int)4) add(Component);5) setVisible(boolean);6) setLayout(Object);Answer : 1,2,3Which of the following layout managers honours the preferred size of a component:(multiple)1) CardLayout2) FlowLayout3) BorderLayout4) GridLayoutAnswer : 2Given the following code what is the effect of a being 5:public class Test {public void add(int a) {loop: for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++){for (int j = 1; j < 3; j++) {if (a == 5) {break loop;}System.out.println(i * j);}}}}1) Generate a runtime error2) Throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException3) Print the values: 1, 2, 2, 4

4) Produces no outputAnswer : 4What is the effect of issuing a wait() method on an object1) If a notify() method has already been sent to that object then it has no effect2) The object issuing the call to wait() will halt until another object sends a notify() or notifyAll() method3) An exception will be raised4) The object issuing the call to wait() will be automatically synchronized with any other objects using the receiving object.Answer : 2The layout of a container can be altered using which of the following methods:(multiple)1) setLayout(aLayoutManager);2) addLayout(aLayoutManager);3) layout(aLayoutManager);4) setLayoutManager(aLayoutManager);Answer : 1Using a FlowLayout manager, which is the correct way to add elements to a container:1) add(component);2) add("Center", component);3) add(x, y, component);4) set(component);Answer : 1Given that a Button can generate an ActionEvent which listener would you expect to have to implement, in a class which would handle this event?1) FocusListener2) ComponentListener3) WindowListener4) ActionListener5) ItemListenerAnswer : 4Which of the following, are valid return types, for listener methods:1) boolean2) the type of event handled3) void4) ComponentAnswer : 3Assuming we have a class which implements the ActionListener interface, which method should be used to register this with a Button?1) addListener(*);2) addActionListener(*);3) addButtonListener(*);4) setListener(*);Answer : 2In order to cause the paint(Graphics) method to execute, which of the following is the most appropriate method to call:

1) paint()2) repaint()3) paint(Graphics)4) update(Graphics)5) None - you should never cause paint(Graphics) to executeAnswer : 2Which of the following illustrates the correct way to pass a parameter into an applet:1) <applet code=Test.class age=33 width=100 height=100>2) <param name=age value=33>3) <applet code=Test.class name=age value=33 width=100 height=100>4) <applet Test 33>Answer : 2Which of the following correctly illustrate how an InputStreamReader can be created:(multiple)1) new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("data"));2) new InputStreamReader(new FileReader("data"));3) new InputStreamReader(new BufferedReader("data"));4) new InputStreamReader("data");5) new InputStreamReader(System.in);Answer : 1,5What is the permanent effect on the file system of writing data to a new FileWriter("report"), given the file report already exists?1) The data is appended to the file2) The file is replaced with a new file3) An exception is raised as the file already exists4) The data is written to random locations within the fileAnswer : 2What is the effect of adding the sixth element to a vector created in the following manner:new Vector(5, 10);1) An IndexOutOfBounds exception is raised.2) The vector grows in size to a capacity of 10 elements3) The vector grows in size to a capacity of 15 elements4) Nothing, the vector will have grown when the fifth element was addedAnswer : 3What is the result of executing the following code when the value of x is 2:switch (x) {case 1:System.out.println(1);case 2:case 3:System.out.println(3);case 4:System.out.println(4);}1) Nothing is printed out2) The value 3 is printed out

3) The values 3 and 4 are printed out4) The values 1, 3 and 4 are printed outAnswer : 3What is the result of compiling and running the Second class?Consider the following example:class First {public First (String s) {System.out.println(s);}}public class Second extends First {public static void main(String args []) {new Second();}}1) Nothing happens2) A string is printed to the standard out3) An instance of the class First is generated4) An instance of the class Second is created5) An exception is raised at runtime stating that there is no null parameter constructor in class First.6) The class second will not compile as there is no null parameter constructor in the class FirstAnswer : 6What is the result of executing the following fragment of code:boolean flag = false;if (flag = true) {System.out.println("true");} else {System.out.println("false");}1) true is printed to standard out2) false is printed to standard out3) An exception is raised4) Nothing happensAnswer : 1Consider the following classes. What is the result of compiling and running this class?public class Test {public static void test() {this.print();}public static void print() {System.out.println("Test");}public static void main(String args []) {test();

}}(multiple)1) The string Test is printed to the standard out.2) A runtime exception is raised stating that an object has not been created.3) Nothing is printed to the standard output.4) An exception is raised stating that the method test cannot be found.5) An exception is raised stating that the variable this can only be used within an instance.6) The class fails to compile stating that the variable this is undefined.Answer : 6Examine the following class definition:public class Test {public static void test() {print();}public static void print() {System.out.println("Test");}public void print() {System.out.println("Another Test");}}What is the result of compiling this class:1) A successful compilation.2) A warning stating that the class has no main method.3) An error stating that there is a duplicated method.4) An error stating that the method test() will call one or other of the print() methods.Answer : 3What is the result of compiling and executing the following Java class:public class ThreadTest extends Thread {public void run() {System.out.println("In run");suspend();resume();System.out.println("Leaving run");}public static void main(String args []) {(new ThreadTest()).start();}}1) Compilation will fail in the method main.2) Compilation will fail in the method run.3) A warning will be generated for method run.4) The string "In run" will be printed to standard out.5) Both strings will be printed to standard out.

6) Nothing will happen.Answer : 4Given the following sequence of Java statements, Which of the following options are true:1. StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("abc");2. String s = new String("abc");3. sb.append("def");4. s.append("def");5. sb.insert(1, "zzz");6. s.concat(sb);7. s.trim();(multiple)1) The compiler would generate an error for line 1.2) The compiler would generate an error for line 2.3) The compiler would generate an error for line 3.4) The compiler would generate an error for line 4.5) The compiler would generate an error for line 5.6) The compiler would generate an error for line 6.7) The compiler would generate an error for line 7.Answer : 4,6What is the result of executing the following Java class:import java.awt.*;public class FrameTest extends Frame {public FrameTest() {add (new Button("First"));add (new Button("Second"));add (new Button("Third"));pack();setVisible(true);}public static void main(String args []) {new FrameTest();}}1) Nothing happens.2) Three buttons are displayed across a window.3) A runtime exception is generated (no layout manager specified).4) Only the "first" button is displayed.5) Only the "second" button is displayed.6) Only the "third" button is displayed.Answer : 6Consider the following tags and attributes of tags, which can be used with the <AAPLET> and </APPLET> tags?1. CODEBASE2. ALT3. NAME

4. CLASS5. JAVAC6. HORIZONTALSPACE7. VERTICALSPACE8. WIDTH9. PARAM10. JAR(multiple)1) line 1, 2, 32) line 2, 5, 6, 73) line 3, 4, 54) line 8, 9, 105) line 8, 9Answer : 1,5Which of the following is a legal way to construct a RandomAccessFile:1) RandomAccessFile("data", "r");2) RandomAccessFile("r", "data");3) RandomAccessFile("data", "read");4) RandomAccessFile("read", "data");Answer : 1Carefully examine the following code, When will the string "Hi there" be printed?public class StaticTest {static {System.out.println("Hi there");}public void print() {System.out.println("Hello");}public static void main(String args []) {StaticTest st1 = new StaticTest();st1.print();StaticTest st2 = new StaticTest();st2.print();}}1) Never.2) Each time a new instance is created.3) Once when the class is first loaded into the Java virtual machine.4) Only when the static method is called explicitly.Answer : 3What is the result of the following program:public class Test {public static void main (String args []) {boolean a = false;if (a = true)System.out.println("Hello");

elseSystem.out.println("Goodbye");}}1) Program produces no output but terminates correctly.2) Program does not terminate.3) Prints out "Hello"4) Prints out "Goodbye"Answer : 3Examine the following code, it includes an inner class, what is the result:public final class Test4 {class Inner {void test() {if (Test4.this.flag); {sample();}}}private boolean flag = true;public void sample() {System.out.println("Sample");}public Test4() {(new Inner()).test();}public static void main(String args []) {new Test4();}}1) Prints out "Sample"2) Program produces no output but terminates correctly.3) Program does not terminate.4) The program will not compileAnswer : 1Carefully examine the following class:public class Test5 {public static void main (String args []) {/* This is the start of a commentif (true) {Test5 = new test5();System.out.println("Done the test");}/* This is another comment */System.out.println ("The end");}}

1) Prints out "Done the test" and nothing else.2) Program produces no output but terminates correctly.3) Program does not terminate.4) The program will not compile.5) The program generates a runtime exception.6) The program prints out "The end" and nothing else.7) The program prints out "Done the test" and "The end"Answer : 6What is the result of compiling and running the following applet:import java.applet.Applet;import java.awt.*;public class Sample extends Applet {private String text = "Hello World";public void init() {add(new Label(text));}public Sample (String string) {text = string;}}It is accessed form the following HTML page:<html><title>Sample Applet</title><body><applet code="Sample.class" width=200 height=200></applet></body></html>1) Prints "Hello World".2) Generates a runtime error.3) Does nothing.4) Generates a compile time error.Answer : 2What is the effect of compiling and (if possible) running this class:public class Calc {public static void main (String args []) {int total = 0;for (int i = 0, j = 10; total > 30; ++i, --j) {System.out.println(" i = " + i + " : j = " + j);total += (i + j);}System.out.println("Total " + total);}}1) Produce a runtime error2) Produce a compile time error3) Print out "Total 0"

4) Generate the following as output:i = 0 : j = 10i = 1 : j = 9i = 2 : j = 8Total 30Answer : 3

Utility Package

1) What is the Vector class?ANSWER : The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects.2) What is the Set interface?ANSWER : The Set interface provides methods for accessing the elements of a finite mathematical set.Sets do not allow duplicate elements.3) What is Dictionary class?ANSWER : The Dictionary class is the abstarct super class of Hashtable and Properties class.Dictionary provides the abstarct functions used to store and retrieve objects by key-value.This class allows any object to be used as a key or value.4) What is the Hashtable class?ANSWER : The Hashtable class implements a hash table data structure. A hash table indexes and stores objects in a dictionary using hash codes as the objects' keys. Hash codes are integer values that identify objects.5) What is the Properties class?Answer : The properties class is a subclass of Hashtable that can be read from or written to a stream.It also provides the capability to specify a set of default values to be used if a specified key is not found in the table. We have two methods load() and save().6) What changes are needed to make the following prg to compile?import java.util.*;class Ques{public static void main (String args[]) {String s1 = "abc";String s2 = "def";Vector v = new Vector();v.add(s1);v.add(s2);String s3 = v.elementAt(0) + v.elementAt(1);

System.out.println(s3);}}ANSWER : Declare Ques as public B) Cast v.elementAt(0) to a StringC) Cast v.elementAt(1) to an Object. D) Import java.langANSWER : B) Cast v.elementAt(0) to a String 8) What is the output of the prg.import java.util.*;class Ques{public static void main (String args[]) {String s1 = "abc";String s2 = "def";Stack stack = new Stack();stack.push(s1);stack.push(s2);try{String s3 = (String) stack.pop() + (String) stack.pop() ;System.out.println(s3);}catch (EmptyStackException ex){}}}ANSWER : abcdef B) defabc C) abcabc D) defdefANSWER : B) defabc9) Which of the following may have duplicate elements?ANSWER : Collection B) List C) Map D) SetANSWER : A and B Neither a Map nor a Set may have duplicate elements.10) Can null value be added to a List?ANSWER : Yes.A Null value may be added to any List.11) What is the output of the following prg.import java.util.*;class Ques{public static void main (String args[]) {HashSet set = new HashSet();String s1 = "abc";String s2 = "def";String s3 = "";set.add(s1);set.add(s2);set.add(s1);set.add(s2);Iterator i = set.iterator();

while(i.hasNext()){s3 += (String) i.next();}System.out.println(s3);}}A) abcdefabcdef B) defabcdefabc C) fedcbafedcba D) defabcANSWER : D) defabc. Sets may not have duplicate elements.12) Which of the following java.util classes support internationalization?A) Locale B) ResourceBundle C) Country D) LanguageANSWER : A and B . Country and Language are not java.util classes.13) What is the ResourceBundle?The ResourceBundle class also supports internationalization.ResourceBundle subclasses are used to store locale-specific resources that can be loaded by a program to tailor the program's appearence to the paticular locale in which it is being run. Resource Bundles provide the capability to isolate a program's locale-specific resources in a standard and modular manner.14) How are Observer Interface and Observable class, in java.util package, used?ANSWER : Objects that subclass the Observable class maintain a list of Observers. When an Observable object is updated it invokes the update() method of each of its observers to notify the observers that it has changed state. The Observer interface is implemented by objects that observe Observable objects.15) Which java.util classes and interfaces support event handling?ANSWER : The EventObject class and the EventListener interface support event processing.16) Does java provide standard iterator functions for inspecting a collection of objects?ANSWER : The Enumeration interface in the java.util package provides a framework for stepping once through a collection of objects. We have two methods in that interface.public interface Enumeration {boolean hasMoreElements();Object nextElement();}17) The Math.random method is too limited for my needs- How can I generate random numbers more flexibly?ANSWER : The random method in Math class provide quick, convienient access to random numbers, but more power and flexibility use the Random class in the java.util package.double doubleval = Math.random();The Random class provide methods returning float, int, double, and long values.nextFloat() // type float; 0.0 <= value < 1.0nextDouble() // type double; 0.0 <= value < 1.0nextInt() // type int; Integer.MIN_VALUE <= value <= Integer.MAX_VALUEnextLong() // type long; Long.MIN_VALUE <= value <= Long.MAX_VALUE

nextGaussian() // type double; has Gaussian("normal") distribution with mean 0.0 and standard deviation 1.0)Eg. Random r = new Random();float floatval = r.nextFloat(); 18) How can we get all public methods of an object dynamically?ANSWER : By using getMethods(). It return an array of method objects corresponding to the public methods of this class.getFields() returns an array of Filed objects corresponding to the public Fields(variables) of this class.getConstructors() returns an array of constructor objects corresponding to the public constructors of this class. JDBC1) What are the steps involved in establishing a connection?ANSWER : This involves two steps: (1) loading the driver and (2) making the connection.2) How can you load the drivers?ANSWER : Loading the driver or drivers you want to use is very simple and involves just one line of code. If, for example, you want to use the JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, the following code will load it:Eg.Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");Your driver documentation will give you the class name to use. For instance, if the class name is jdbc.DriverXYZ , you would load the driver with the following line of code:Eg.Class.forName("jdbc.DriverXYZ");3) What Class.forName will do while loading drivers?ANSWER : It is used to create an instance of a driver and register it with the DriverManager.When you have loaded a driver, it is available for making a connection with a DBMS.4) How can you make the connection?ANSWER : In establishing a connection is to have the appropriate driver connect to the DBMS. The following line of code illustrates the general idea:Eg.String url = "jdbc:odbc:Fred";Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "Fernanda", "J8");5) How can you create JDBC statements?ANSWER : A Statement object is what sends your SQL statement to the DBMS. You simply create a Statement object and then execute it, supplying the appropriate execute method with the SQL statement you want to send. For a SELECT statement, the method to use is executeQuery. For statements that create or modify tables, the method to use is executeUpdate.

Eg.It takes an instance of an active connection to create a Statement object. In the following example, we use our Connection object con to create the Statement object stmt :Statement stmt = con.createStatement();6) How can you retrieve data from the ResultSet?ANSWER : Step 1.JDBC returns results in a ResultSet object, so we need to declare an instance of the class ResultSet to hold our results. The following code demonstrates declaring the ResultSet object rs.Eg.ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COF_NAME, PRICE FROM COFFEES");Step2.String s = rs.getString("COF_NAME");The method getString is invoked on the ResultSet object rs , so getString will retrieve (get) the value stored in the column COF_NAME in the current row of rs7) What are the different types of Statements?ANSWER : 1.Statement (use createStatement method) 2. Prepared Statement (Use prepareStatement method) and 3. Callable Statement (Use prepareCall)8) How can you use PreparedStatement?ANSWER : This special type of statement is derived from the more general class, Statement.If you want to execute a Statement object many times, it will normally reduce execution time to use a PreparedStatement object instead.The advantage to this is that in most cases, this SQL statement will be sent to the DBMS right away, where it will be compiled. As a result, the PreparedStatement object contains not just an SQL statement, but an SQL statement that has been precompiled. This means that when the PreparedStatement is executed, the DBMS can just run the PreparedStatement 's SQL statement without having to compile it first.Eg.PreparedStatement updateSales = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE COFFEES SET SALES = ? WHERE COF_NAME LIKE ?");9) What setAutoCommit does?ANSWER : When a connection is created, it is in auto-commit mode. This means that each individual SQL statement is treated as a transaction and will be automatically committed right after it is executed. The way to allow two or more statements to be grouped into a transaction is to disable auto-commit modeEg.con.setAutoCommit(false);Once auto-commit mode is disabled, no SQL statements will be committed until you call the method commit explicitly.Eg.con.setAutoCommit(false);PreparedStatement updateSales = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE COFFEES SET SALES = ? WHERE COF_NAME LIKE ?");updateSales.setInt(1, 50);updateSales.setString(2, "Colombian");updateSales.executeUpdate();

PreparedStatement updateTotal = con.prepareStatement("UPDATE COFFEES SET TOTAL = TOTAL + ? WHERE COF_NAME LIKE ?");updateTotal.setInt(1, 50);updateTotal.setString(2, "Colombian");updateTotal.executeUpdate();con.commit();con.setAutoCommit(true);10) How to call a Strored Procedure from JDBC?ANSWER : The first step is to create a CallableStatement object. As with Statement an and PreparedStatement objects, this is done with an open Connectionobject. A CallableStatement object contains a call to a stored procedure;Eg.CallableStatement cs = con.prepareCall("{call SHOW_SUPPLIERS}");ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery();11) How to Retrieve Warnings?ANSWER : SQLWarning objects are a subclass of SQLException that deal with database access warnings. Warnings do not stop the execution of an application, as exceptions do; they simply alert the user that something did not happen as planned.A warning can be reported on a Connection object, a Statement object (including PreparedStatement and CallableStatement objects), or a ResultSet object. Each of these classes has a getWarnings method, which you must invoke in order to see the first warning reported on the calling objectEg.SQLWarning warning = stmt.getWarnings();if (warning != null) {System.out.println("\n---Warning---\n");while (warning != null) {System.out.println("Message: " + warning.getMessage());System.out.println("SQLState: " + warning.getSQLState());System.out.print("Vendor error code: ");System.out.println(warning.getErrorCode());System.out.println("");warning = warning.getNextWarning();}}12) How can you Move the Cursor in Scrollable Result Sets ?ANSWER : One of the new features in the JDBC 2.0 API is the ability to move a result set's cursor backward as well as forward. There are also methods that let you move the cursor to a particular row and check the position of the cursor.Eg.Statement stmt = con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);ResultSet srs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COF_NAME, PRICE FROM COFFEES");The first argument is one of three constants added to the ResultSet API to indicate the type of a ResultSet object: TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE , and TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE .

The second argument is one of two ResultSet constants for specifying whether a result set is read-only or updatable: CONCUR_READ_ONLY and CONCUR_UPDATABLE . The point to remember here is that if you specify a type, you must also specify whether it is read-only or updatable. Also, you must specify the type first, and because both parameters are of type int , the compiler will not complain if you switch the order.Specifying the constant TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY creates a nonscrollable result set, that is, one in which the cursor moves only forward. If you do not specify any constants for the type and updatability of a ResultSet object, you will automatically get one that is TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY and CONCUR_READ_ONLY13) What’s the difference between TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE , and TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE?ANSWER : You will get a scrollable ResultSet object if you specify one of these ResultSet constants.The difference between the two has to do with whether a result set reflects changes that are made to it while it is open and whether certain methods can be called to detect these changes. Generally speaking, a result set that is TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE does not reflect changes made while it is still open and one that is TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE does. All three types of result sets will make changes visible if they are closed and then reopenedEg.Statement stmt = con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);ResultSet srs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COF_NAME, PRICE FROM COFFEES");srs.afterLast();while (srs.previous()) {String name = srs.getString("COF_NAME");float price = srs.getFloat("PRICE");System.out.println(name + " " + price);}14) How to Make Updates to Updatable Result Sets?ANSWER : Another new feature in the JDBC 2.0 API is the ability to update rows in a result set using methods in the Java programming language rather than having to send an SQL command. But before you can take advantage of this capability, you need to create a ResultSet object that is updatable. In order to do this, you supply the ResultSet constant CONCUR_UPDATABLE to the createStatement method.Eg.Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mySubprotocol:mySubName");Statement stmt = con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);ResultSet uprs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT COF_NAME, PRICE FROM COFFEES"); Networking Concepts1) The API doesn't list any constructors for InetAddress- How do I create an InetAddress instance?ANSWER : In case of InetAddress the three methods getLocalHost, getByName, getByAllName can be used to create instances.

E.g.InetAddress add1;InetAddress add2;try{add1 = InetAddress.getByName("java.sun.com");add2 = InetAddress.getByName("199.22.22.22");}catch(UnknownHostException e){}2) Is it possible to get the Local host IP?ANSWER : Yes. Use InetAddress's getLocalHost method.3) What's the Factory Method?ANSWER : Factory methods are merely a convention whereby static methods in a class return an instance of that class. The InetAddress class has no visible constructors. To create an InetAddress object, you have to use one of the available factory methods. In InetAddress the three methods getLocalHost, getByName, getByAllName can be used to create instances of InetAddress.4) What’s the difference between TCP and UDP?ANSWER : These two protocols differ in the way they carry out the action of communicating. A TCP protocol establishes a two way connection between a pair of computers, while the UDP protocol is a one-way message sender. The common analogy is that TCP is like making a phone call and carrying on a two-way communication, while UDP is like mailing a letter.5) What is the Proxy Server?ANSWER : A proxy server speaks the client side of a protocol to another server. This is often required when clients have certain restrictions on which servers they can connect to. And when several users are hitting a popular web site, a proxy server can get the contents of the web server's popular pages once, saving expensive internetwork transfers while providing faster access to those pages to the clients.Also, we can get multiple connections for a single server.6) What are the seven layers of OSI model?ANSWER : Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, DataLink, Physical Layer.What Transport Layer does?ANSWER : It ensures that the mail gets to its destination. If a packet fails to get its destination, it handles the process of notifying the sender and requesting that another packet be sent.8) What is DHCP?ANSWER : Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a piece of the TCP/IP protocol suite that handles the automatic assignment of IP addresses to clients.9) What is SMTP?ANSWER : Simple Mail Transmission Protocol, the TCP/IP Standard for Internet mails. SMTP exchanges mail between servers; contrast this with POP, which transmits mail between a server and a client.10) In OSI N/w architecture, the dialogue control and token management are responsibilities of...Answer : Network b) Session c) Application d) DataLinkANSWER : b) Session Layer.

11) In OSI N/W Architecture, the routing is performed by ______Answer : Network b) Session c) Application d) DataLinkANSWER : Answer : Network Layer.Networking What is the difference between URL instance and URLConnection instance?ANSWER : A URL instance represents the location of a resource, and a URLConnection instance represents a link for accessing or communicating with the resource at the location.2) How do I make a connection to URL?ANSWER : You obtain a URL instance and then invoke openConnection on it.URLConnection is an abstract class, which means you can't directly create instances of it using a constructor. We have to invoke openConnection method on a URL instance, to get the right kind of connection for your URL.Eg. URL url;URLConnection connection;try{ url = new URL("...");conection = url.openConnection();}catch (MalFormedURLException e) { } 3) What Is a Socket?A socket is one end-point of a two-way communication link between two programs running on the network. A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the application that data is destined to be sent.Socket classes are used to represent the connection between a client program and a server program. The java.net package provides two classes--Socket and ServerSocket--which implement the client side of the connection and the server side of the connection, respectively.What information is needed to create a TCP Socket?ANSWER : The Local System’s IP Address and Port Number.And the Remote System's IPAddress and Port Number.5) What are the two important TCP Socket classes?ANSWER : Socket and ServerSocket.ServerSocket is used for normal two-way socket communication. Socket class allows us to read and write through the sockets.getInputStream() and getOutputStream() are the two methods available in Socket class.When MalformedURLException and UnknownHostException throws?ANSWER : When the specified URL is not connected then the URL throw MalformedURLException and If InetAddress’ methods getByName and getLocalHost are unabletoresolve the host name they throwan UnknownHostException.Servlets 1) What is the servlet?ANSWER : Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented servers, such as Java-enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be responsible for taking data in an HTML order-entry form and applying the business logic used to update a company's order database.

http://javaquestions.homepage.com/definition.html

Servlets are to servers what applets are to browsers. Unlike applets, however, servlets have no graphical user interface.2) Whats the advantages using servlets than using CGI?ANSWER : Servlets provide a way to generate dynamic documents that is both easier to write and faster to run. Servlets also address the problem of doing server-side programming with platform-specific APIs: they are developed with the Java Servlet API, a standard Java extension.3) What are the uses of Servlets?ANSWER : A servlet can handle multiple requests concurrently, and can synchronize requests. This allows servlets to support systems such as on-line conferencing.Servlets can forward requests to other servers and servlets.Thus servlets can be used to balance load among several servers that mirror the same content, and to partition a single logical service over several servers, according to task type or organizational boundaries.4) Which pakage provides interfaces and classes for writing servlets?ANSWER : javax5) Whats the Servlet Interfcae?ANSWER : The central abstraction in the Servlet API is the Servlet interface. All servlets implement this interface, either directly or, more commonly, by extending a class that implements it such as HttpServlet.Servlets-->Generic Servlet-->HttpServlet-->MyServlet.The Servlet interface declares, but does not implement, methods that manage the servlet and its communications with clients. Servlet writers provide some or all of these methods when developing a servlet.6) When a servlet accepts a call from a client, it receives two objects- What are they?ANSWER : ServeltRequest: Which encapsulates the communication from the client to the server.ServletResponse: Whcih encapsulates the communication from the servlet back to the client.ServletRequest and ServletResponse are interfaces defined by the javax.servlet package.7) What information that the ServletRequest interface allows the servlet access to?ANSWER : Information such as the names of the parameters passed in by the client, the protocol (scheme) being used by the client, and the names of the remote host that made the request and the server that received it.The input stream, ServletInputStream.Servlets use the input stream to get data from clients that use application protocols such as the HTTP POST and PUT methods.8) What information that the ServletResponse interface gives the servlet methods for replying to the client?ANSWER : It Allows the servlet to set the content length and MIME type of the reply.Provides an output stream, ServletOutputStream and a Writer through which the servlet can send the reply data.9) What is the servlet Lifecycle?ANSWER : Each servlet has the same life cycle:A server loads and initializes the servlet (init())The servlet handles zero or more client requests (service())The server removes the servlet (destroy())

(some servers do this step only when they shut down)10) How HTTP Servlet handles client requests?ANSWER : An HTTP Servlet handles client requests through its service method. The service method supports standard HTTP client requests by dispatching each request to a method designed to handle that request. 1 Encapsulation :Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and the data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse.Inheritance:Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object.Polymorphism:Polymorphism is a feature that allows one interface to be used for a general class of actions. The specific action is determined by the exact nature of actions.Code Blocks:Two or more statements which is allowed to be grouped into blocks of code is otherwise called as Code Blocks.This is done by enclosing the statements between opening and closing curly braces.Floating-point numbers:Floating-point numbers which is also known as real numbers, are used when evaluating expressions that require fractional precision.Unicode:Unicode defines a fully international character set that can represent all of the characters found in all human languages. It is a unification of dozens of character sets, such as Latin, Greek, Arabic and many more.Booleans:Java has a simple type called boolean, for logical values. It can have only on of two possible values, true or false.Casting:A cast is simply an explicit type conversion. To create a conversion between two incompatible types, you must use a cast.Arrays:An array is a group of like-typed variables that are referred to by a common name. Arrays offer a convenient means of grouping related information. Arrays of any type can be created and may have one or more dimension.Relational Operators:The relational operators determine the relationship that one operand has to the other. They determine the equality and ordering.11.Short-Circuit Logical Operators:The secondary versions of the Boolean AND and OR operators are known as short-circuit logical operators. It is represented by || and &&..12. Switch:The switch statement is Java’s multiway branch statement. It provides an easy way todispatch execution to different parts of your code based on the value of anexperession.

13. Jump Statements:Jump statements are the statements which transfer control to another part of yourprogram. Java Supports three jump statements: break, continue, and return.14. Instance Variables:The data, or variable, defined within a class are called instance variable.

Aptitude Questions

1.One of the following is my secret word:AIM DUE MOD OAT TIE.With the list in front of you, if I were to tell you any one of my secret word, then you would be able to tell me the number of vowels in my secret word.Which is my secret word?

Ans.TIE

2.In the following figure:A B C D E F G H IEach of the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 is:a)Represented by a different letter in the figure above.b)Positioned in the figure above so that each of A + B + C,C + D +E,E + F + G, and G + H + I is equal to 13.Which digit does E represent?

Ans.E is 4

3.One of Mr. Horton,his wife,their son,and Mr. Horton's mother is a doctor and another is a lawyer.a)If the doctor is younger than the lawyer, then the doctor and the lawyer are not blood relatives.b)If the doctor is a woman, then the doctor and the lawyer are blood relatives.c)If the lawyer is a man, then the doctor is a man.Whose occupation you know?

Ans.Mr. Horton:he is the doctor.

4.Here is a picture of two cubes:

a)The two cubes are exactly alike. b)The hidden faces indicated by the dots have the same alphabet on them.Which alphabet-q, r, w, or k is on the faces indicated by the dots?

Ans.q

5.In the following figure: A D B G E C F

Each of the seven digits from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 is: a)Represented by a different letter in the figure above. b)Positioned in the figure above so that A*B*C,B*G*E, and D*E*F are equal.Which digit does G represent?

Ans.G represents the digit 2.

6.Mr. and Mrs. Aye and Mr. and Mrs. Bee competed in a chess tournament.Of the three games played: a)In only the first game werethe two players married to each other. b)The men won two games and the women won one game. c)The Ayes won more games than the Bees. d)Anyone who lost game did not play the subsequent game.Who did not lose a game?

Ans.Mrs.Bee did not lose a game.

7.Three piles of chips--pile I consists one chip, pile II consists of chips, and pile III consists of three chips--are to be used in game played by Anita and Brinda.The game requires: a)That each player in turn take only one chip or all chips from just one pile. b)That the player who has to take the last chip loses.

c)That Anita now have her turn.From which pile should Anita draw in order to win?

Ans.Pile II

8.Of Abdul, Binoy, and Chandini: a)Each member belongs to the Tee family whose members always tell the truth or to the El family whose members always lie. b)Abdul says ''Either I belong or Binoy belongs to a different family from the other two." Whose family do you name of?

Ans.Binoy's family--El.

9.In a class composed of x girls and y boys what part of the class is composed of girls

A.y/(x + y)B.x/xyC.x/(x + y)D.y/xy

Ans.C

10.What is the maximum number of half-pint bottles of cream that can be filled with a 4-gallon can of cream(2 pt.=1 qt. and 4 qt.=1 gal)

A.16B.24C.30D.64

Ans.D

11.If the operation,^ is defined by the equation x ^ y = 2x + y,what is the value of a in 2 ^ a = a ^ 3

A.0B.1C.-1D.4

Ans.B

12.A coffee shop blends 2 kinds of coffee,putting in 2 parts of a 33p. a gm. grade to 1 part of a 24p. a gm.If the mixture is changed to 1 part of the 33p. a gm. to 2 parts of the less expensive grade,how much will the shop save in blending 100 gms.

A.Rs.90B.Rs.1.00C.Rs.3.00D.Rs.8.00

Ans.C

13.There are 200 questions on a 3 hr examination.Among these questions are 50 mathematics problems.It is suggested that twice as much time be spent on each maths problem as for each other question.How many minutes should be spent on mathematics problems

A.36B.72C.60D.100

Ans.B

14.In a group of 15,7 have studied Latin, 8 have studied Greek, and 3 have not studied either.How many of these studied both Latin and Greek

A.0B.3C.4D.5

Ans.B

15.If 13 = 13w/(1-w) ,then (2w)2 =

A.1/4B.1/2C.1D.2

Ans.C

16. If a and b are positive integers and (a-b)/3.5 = 4/7, then

(A) b < a(B) b > a(C) b = a(D) b >= a

Ans. A

17. In june a baseball team that played 60 games had won 30% of its game played. After a phenomenal winning streak this team raised its average to 50% .How many games must the team have won in a row to attain this average?

A. 12B. 20C. 24D. 30

Ans. C

18. M men agree to purchase a gift for Rs. D. If three men drop out how much more will each have to contribute towards the purchase of the gift/

A. D/(M-3)B. MD/3C. M/(D-3)D. 3D/(M2-3M)

Ans. D

19. A company contracts to paint 3 houses. Mr.Brown can paint a house in 6 days while Mr.Black would take 8 days and Mr.Blue 12 days. After 8 days Mr.Brown goes on vacation and Mr. Black begins to work for a period of 6 days. How many days will it take Mr.Blue to complete the contract?

A. 7B. 8C. 11D. 12

Ans.C

20. 2 hours after a freight train leaves Delhi a passenger train leaves the same station travelling in the same direction at an average speed of 16 km/hr. After travelling 4 hrs the passenger train overtakes the freight train. The average speed of the freight train was?

A. 30B. 40

C.58D. 60

Ans. B

21. If 9x-3y=12 and 3x-5y=7 then 6x-2y = ?

A.-5B. 4C. 2D. 8

Ans. D

22. There are 5 red shoes, 4 green shoes. If one draw randomly a shoe what is the probability of getting a red shoe

Ans 5c1/ 9c1

23. What is the selling price of a car? If the cost of the car is Rs.60 and a profit of 10% over selling price is earned

Ans: Rs 66/-

24. 1/3 of girls , 1/2 of boys go to canteen .What factor and total number of classmates go to canteen.

Ans: Cannot be determined.

25. The price of a product is reduced by 30% . By what percentage should it be increased to make it 100%

Ans: 42.857%

26. There is a square of side 6cm . A circle is inscribed inside the square. Find the ratio of the area of circle to square.

Ans. 11/14

27. There are two candles of equal lengths and of different thickness. The thicker one lasts of six hours. The thinner 2 hours less than the thicker one. Ramesh lights the two candles at the same time. When he went to bed he saw the thicker one is twice

the length of the thinner one. How long ago did Ramesh light the two candles .

Ans: 3 hours.

28. If M/N = 6/5,then 3M+2N = ?

29. If p/q = 5/4 , then 2p+q= ?

30. If PQRST is a parallelogram what it the ratio of triangle PQS & parallelogram PQRST .

Ans: 1:2

31. The cost of an item is Rs 12.60. If the profit is 10% over selling price what is the selling price ?

Ans: Rs 13.86/-

32. There are 6 red shoes & 4 green shoes . If two of red shoes are drawn what is the probability of getting red shoes

Ans: 6c2/10c2

33. To 15 lts of water containing 20% alcohol, we add 5 lts of pure water. What is % alcohol.

Ans : 15%

34. A worker is paid Rs.20/- for a full days work. He works 1,1/3,2/3,1/8.3/4 days in a week. What is the total amount paid for that worker ?

Ans : 57.50

35. If the value of x lies between 0 & 1 which of the following is the largest?

(a) x (b) x2

(c) -x(d) 1/x

Ans : (d)

36. If the total distance of a journey is 120 km .If one goes by 60 kmph and comes back at 40kmph what is the average speed during the journey?

Ans: 48kmph

37. A school has 30% students from Maharashtra .Out of these 20% are Bombey students. Find the total percentage of Bombay?

Ans: 6%

38. An equilateral triangle of sides 3 inch each is given. How many equilateral triangles of side 1 inch can be formed from it?

Ans: 9

39. If A/B = 3/5,then 15A = ?

Ans : 9B

40. Each side of a rectangle is increased by 100% .By what percentage does the area increase?

Ans : 300%

41. Perimeter of the back wheel = 9 feet, front wheel = 7 feet on a certain distance, the front wheel gets 10 revolutions more than the back wheel .What is the distance?

Ans : 315 feet.

42. Perimeter of front wheel =30, back wheel = 20. If front wheel revolves 240 times. How many revolutions will the back wheel take?

Ans: 360 times

43. 20% of a 6 litre solution and 60% of 4 litre solution are mixed. What percentage of the mixture of solution

Ans: 36%

44City A's population is 68000, decreasing at a rate of 80 people per year. City B having population 42000 is increasing at a rate of 120 people per year. In how many years both the cities will have same population?

Ans: 130 years

45Two cars are 15 kms apart. One is turning at a speed of 50kmph and the other at 40kmph . How much time will it take for the two cars to meet?

Ans: 3/2 hours

46A person wants to buy 3 paise and 5 paise stamps costing exactly one rupee. If he buys which of the following number of stamps he won't able to buy 3 paise stamps.

Ans: 9

47There are 12 boys and 15 girls, How many different dancing groups can be formed with 2 boys and 3 girls.

48Which of the following fractions is less than 1/3

(a) 22/62 (b) 15/46(c) 2/3(d) 1

Ans: (b)

49There are two circles, one circle is inscribed and another circle is circumscribed over a square. What is the ratio of area of inner to outer circle?

Ans: 1 : 2

50Three types of tea the a,b,c costs Rs. 95/kg,100/kg and70/kg respectively. How many kgs of each should be blended to produce 100 kg of mixture worth Rs.90/kg, given that the quntities of band c are equal

a)70,15,15 b)50,25,25 c)60,20,20 d)40,30,30

Ans. (b)

51. in a class, except 18 all are above 50 years. 15 are below 50 years of age. How many people are there

(a) 30 (b) 33 (c) 36 (d) none of these.

Ans. (d)

52. If a boat is moving in upstream with velocity of 14 km/hr and goes downstream with a velocity of 40 km/hr, then what is the speed of the stream ?

(a) 13 km/hr(b) 26 km/hr(c) 34 km/hr(d) none of these

Ans. A

53. Find the value of ( 0.75 * 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.001 ) / ( 0.75 * 0.75 - 0.075 + 0.01)

(a) 0.845(b) 1.908(c) 2.312(d) 0.001

Ans. A

54. A can have a piece of work done in 8 days, B can work three times faster than the A, C can work five times faster than A. How many days will they take to do the work together ?

(a) 3 days(b) 8/9 days(c) 4 days(d) can't say

Ans. B

55. A car travels a certain distance taking 7 hrs in forward journey, during the return journey increased speed 12km/hr takes the times 5 hrs.What is the distance travelled

(a) 210 kms(b) 30 kms(c) 20 kms(c) none of these

Ans. B

56. Instead of multiplying a number by 7, the number is divided by 7. What is the percentage of error obtained ?

57. Find (7x + 4y ) / (x-2y) if x/2y = 3/2 ?

(a) 6(b) 8(c) 7(d) data insufficient

Ans. C

58. A man buys 12 lts of liquid which contains 20% of the liquid and the rest is water. He then mixes it with 10 lts of another mixture with 30% of liquid.What is the % of water in the new mixture?

59. If a man buys 1 lt of milk for Rs.12 and mixes it with 20% water and sells it for Rs.15, then what is the percentage of gain?

60. Pipe A can fill a tank in 30 mins and Pipe B can fill it in 28 mins.If 3/4th of the tank is filled by Pipe B alone and both are opened, how much time is required by both the pipes to fill the tank completely ?

61. If on an item a company gives 25% discount, they earn 25% profit. If they now give 10% discount then what is the profit percentage.

(a) 40%(b) 55%(c) 35%(d) 30%

Ans. D

62. A certain number of men can finish a piece of work in 10 days. If however there were 10 men less it will take 10 days more for the work to be finished. How many men were there originally?

(a) 110 men(b) 130 men(c) 100 men(d) none of these

Ans. A

63. In simple interest what sum amounts of Rs.1120/- in 4 years and Rs.1200/- in 5 years ?

(a) Rs. 500(b) Rs. 600(c) Rs. 800(d) Rs. 900

Ans. C

64. If a sum of money compound annually amounts of thrice itself in 3 years. In how many years will it become 9 times itself.

(a) 6(b) 8(c) 10(d) 12

Ans A

65. Two trains move in the same direction at 50 kmph and 32 kmph respectively. A man in the slower train observes the 15 seconds elapse before the faster train completely passes by him.What is the length of faster train ?

(a) 100m(b) 75m(c) 120m(d) 50m

Ans B

66. How many mashes are there in 1 squrare meter of wire gauge if each meshis 8mm long and 5mm wide ?

(a) 2500(b) 25000

(c) 250(d) 250000

Ans B

67. x% of y is y% of ?(a) x/y(b) 2y(c) x(d) can't be determined

Ans. C

68. The price of sugar increases by 20%, by what % should a housewife reduce the consumption of sugar so that expenditure on sugar can be same as before ?(a) 15%(b) 16.66%(c) 12%(d) 9%

Ans B

69. A man spends half of his salary on household expenses, 1/4th for rent, 1/5th for travel expenses, the man deposits the rest in a bank. If his monthly deposits in the bank amount 50, what is his monthly salary ?(a) Rs.500(b) Rs.1500(c) Rs.1000(d) Rs. 900

Ans C

70. The population of a city increases @ 4% p.a. There is an additional annual increase of 4% of the population due to the influx of job seekers, find the % increase in population after 2 years ?

71. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3:2 Out of these 10% the boys and 25% of girls are scholarship holders. % of students who are not scholarship holders.?

72. 15 men take 21 days of 8 hrs. each to do a piece of work. How many days of 6 hrs. each would it take for 21 women if 3 women do as much work as 2 men?(a) 30(b) 20(c) 19(d) 29

Ans. A

73. A cylinder is 6 cms in diameter and 6 cms in height. If spheres of the same size are made from the material obtained, what is the diameter of each sphere?(a) 5 cms(b) 2 cms

(c) 3 cms(d) 4 cms

Ans C

74. A rectangular plank (2)1/2 meters wide can be placed so that it is on either side of the diagonal of a square shown below.(Figure is not available)What is the area of the plank?

Ans :7*(2)1/2

75. The difference b/w the compound interest payble half yearly and the simple interest on a certain sum lent out at 10% p.a for 1 year is Rs 25. What is the sum?(a) Rs. 15000(b) Rs. 12000(c) Rs. 10000(d) none of these

Ans C

76. What is the smallest number by which 2880 must be divided in order to make it into a perfect square ?

(a) 3(b) 4(c) 5 (d) 6

Ans. C

77. A father is 30 years older than his son however he will be only thrice as old as the son after 5 yearswhat is father's present age ?

(a) 40 yrs(b) 30 yrs(c) 50 yrs(d) none of these

Ans. A

78. An article sold at a profit of 20% if both the cost price and selling price would be Rs.20/- the profit would be 10% more. What is the cost price of that article?

29. If an item costs Rs.3 in '99 and Rs.203 in '00.What is the % increase in price?

(a) 200/3 %(b) 200/6 %(c) 100%(d) none of these

Ans. A

80. 5 men or 8 women do equal amount of work in a day. a job requires 3 men and 5 women to finish the job in 10 days how many woman are required to finish the job in 14 days.

a) 10b) 7 c) 6 d) 12

Ans 7

81. A simple interest amount of rs 5000 for six month is rs 200. what is the anual rate of interest?

a) 10%b) 6% c) 8%d) 9%

Ans 8%

82. In objective test a correct ans score 4 marks and on a wrong ans 2 marks are ---. a student score 480 marks from 150 question. how many ans were correct?

a) 120b) 130c) 110d) 150

Ans130.

83. An artical sold at amount of 50% the net sale price is rs 425 .what is the list price of the artical?

a) 500b) 488c) 480 d) 510

Ans 500

84. A man leaves office daily at 7pm A driver with car comes from his home to pick him from office and bring back home One day he gets free at 5:30 and instead of waiting for driver he starts walking towards home. In the way he meets the car and returns home on car He reaches home 20 minutes earlier than usual. In how much time does the man reach home usually??

Ans. 1hr 20min

85. A works thrice as much as B. If A takes 60 days less than B to do a work then find the number of days it would take to complete the work if both work together?

Ans. 22½days

86. How many 1's are there in the binary form of 8*1024 + 3*64 + 3

Ans. 4

87. In a digital circuit which was to implement (A B) + (A)XOR(B), the designer implements (A B) (A)XOR(B) What is the probability of error in it ?

88. A boy has Rs 2. He wins or loses Re 1 at a time If he wins he gets Re 1 and if he loses the game he loses Re 1. He can loose only 5 times. He is out of the game if he earns Rs 5. Find the number of ways in which this is possible?

Ans. 16

89. If there are 1024*1280 pixels on a screen and each pixel can have around 16 million colors Find the memory required for this?

Ans. 4MB

90. On a particular day A and B decide that they would either speak the truth or will lie. C asks A whether he is speaking truth or lying? He answers and B listens to what he said. C then asks B what A has said B says "A says that he is a liar" What is B speaking ?

(a) Truth(b) Lie(c) Truth when A lies(d) Cannot be determined

Ans. (b)

91. What is the angle between the two hands of a clock when time is 8:30

Ans. 75(approx)

92. A student is ranked 13th from right and 8th from left. How many students are there in totality ?

93. A man walks east and turns right and then from there to his left and then 45degrees to his right.In which direction did he go

Ans. North west

94. A student gets 70% in one subject, 80% in the other. To get an overall of 75% how much should get in third subject.

95. A man shows his friend a woman sitting in a park and says that she the daughter of my grandmother's only son. What is the relation between the two

Ans. Daughter

96. How many squares with sides 1/2 inch long are needed to cover a rectangle that is 4 ft long and 6 ft wide

(a) 24(b) 96(c) 3456(d) 13824(e) 14266

97. If a=2/3b , b=2/3c, and c=2/3d what part of d is b/

(a) 8/27(b) 4/9(c) 2/3(d) 75%(e) 4/3

Ans. (b)

2598Successive discounts of 20% and 15% are equal to a single discount of

(a) 30%(b) 32% (c) 34% (d) 35% (e) 36

Ans. (b)

99. The petrol tank of an automobile can hold g liters.If a liters was removed when the tank was full, what part of the full tank was removed?

(a)g-a(b)g/a(c) a/g(d) (g-a)/a(e) (g-a)/g

Ans. (c)

100. If x/y=4 and y is not '0' what % of x is 2x-y

(a)150%(b)175%(c)200%(d)250%

Ans. (b)

PART – 2

Aptitude Questions

1.If 2x-y=4 then 6x-3y=?

(a)15(b)12(c)18(d)10

Ans. (b)

2.If x=y=2z and xyz=256 then what is the value of x?

(a)12(b)8(c)16(d)6

Ans. (b)

3. (1/10)18 - (1/10)20 = ?

(a) 99/1020

(b) 99/10(c) 0.9(d) none of these

Ans. (a)

4.Pipe A can fill in 20 minutes and Pipe B in 30 mins and Pipe C can empty the same in 40 mins.If all of them work together, find the time taken to fill the tank

(a) 17 1/7 mins(b) 20 mins(c) 8 mins(d) none of these

Ans. (a)

5. Thirty men take 20 days to complete a job working 9 hours a day.How many hour a day should 40 men work to complete the job?

(a) 8 hrs(b) 7 1/2 hrs(c) 7 hrs(d) 9 hrs

Ans. (b)

6. Find the smallest number in a GP whose sum is 38 and product 1728

(a) 12(b) 20(c) 8(d) none of these

Ans. (c)

7. A boat travels 20 kms upstream in 6 hrs and 18 kms downstream in 4 hrs.Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the water current?

(a) 1/2 kmph(b) 7/12 kmph(c) 5 kmph(d) none of these

Ans. (b)

8. A goat is tied to one corner of a square plot of side 12m by a rope 7m long.Find the area it can graze?

(a) 38.5 sq.m(b) 155 sq.m(c) 144 sq.m(d) 19.25 sq.m

Ans. (a)

9. Mr. Shah decided to walk down the escalator of a tube station. He found that if he walks down 26 steps, he requires 30 seconds to reach the bottom. However, if he steps down 34 stairs he would only require 18 seconds to get to the bottom. If the time is measured from the moment the top step begins to descend to the time he steps off the last step at the bottom, find out the height of the stair way in steps?

Ans.46 steps.

10. The average age of 10 members of a committee is the same as it was 4 years ago, because an old member has been replaced by a young member. Find how much younger is the new member ?

Ans.40 years.

11. Three containers A, B and C have volumes a, b, and c respectively; and container A is full of water while the other two are empty. If from container A water is poured into container B which becomes 1/3 full, and into container C which becomes 1/2 full, how much water is left in container A?

12. ABCE is an isosceles trapezoid and ACDE is a rectangle. AB = 10 and EC = 20. What is the length of AE?

Ans. AE = 10.

13. In the given figure, PA and PB are tangents to the circle at A and B respectively and the chord BC is parallel to tangent PA. If AC = 6 cm, and length of the tangent AP is 9 cm, then what is the length of the chord BC?

Ans. BC = 4 cm.

15 Three cards are drawn at random from an ordinary pack of cards. Find the probability that they will consist of a king, a queen and an ace.

Ans. 64/2210.

16. A number of cats got together and decided to kill between them 999919 mice. Every cat killed an equal number of mice. Each cat killed more mice than there were cats. How many cats do you think there were ?

Ans. 991.

17. If Log2 x - 5 Log x + 6 = 0, then what would the value / values of x be?

Ans. x = e2 or e3.

18. The square of a two digit number is divided by half the number. After 36 is added to the quotient, this sum is then divided by 2. The digits of the resulting number are the same as those in the original number, but they are in reverse order. The ten's place of the original number is equal to twice the difference between its digits. What is the number?

Ans. 46

19.Can you tender a one rupee note in such a manner that there shall be total 50 coins but none of them would be 2 paise coins.?

Ans. 45 one paisa coins, 2 five paise coins, 2 ten paise coins, and 1 twenty-five paise coins.

20.A monkey starts climbing up a tree 20ft. tall. Each hour, it hops 3ft. and slips back 2ft. How much time would it take the monkey to reach the top?

Ans.18 hours.

21. What is the missing number in this series? 8 2 14 6 11 ? 14 6 18 12

Ans. 9

22. A certain type of mixture is prepared by mixing brand A at Rs.9 a kg. with brand B at Rs.4 a kg. If the mixture is worth Rs.7 a kg., how many kgs. of brand A are needed to make 40kgs. of the mixture?

Ans. Brand A needed is 24kgs.

23. A wizard named Nepo says "I am only three times my son's age. My father is 40 years more than twice my age. Together the three of us are a mere 1240 years old." How old is Nepo?

Ans. 360 years old.

24. One dog tells the other that there are two dogs in front of me. The other one also shouts that he too had two behind him. How many are they?

Ans. Three.

25. A man ate 100 bananas in five days, each day eating 6 more than the previous day. How many bananas did he eat on the first day?

Ans. Eight.

26. If it takes five minutes to boil one egg, how long will it take to boil four eggs?

Ans. Five minutes.

27. The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand at intervals of 64 minutes of correct time. How much a day does the clock gain or lose?

Ans. 32 8/11 minutes.

28. Solve for x and y: 1/x - 1/y = 1/3, 1/x2 + 1/y2 = 5/9.

Ans. x = 3/2 or -3 and y = 3 or -3/2.

29. Daal is now being sold at Rs. 20 a kg. During last month its rate was Rs. 16 per kg. By how much percent should a family reduce its consumption so as to keep the expenditure fixed?

Ans. 20 %.

30. Find the least value of 3x + 4y if x2y3 = 6.

Ans. 10.

31. Can you find out what day of the week was January 12, 1979?

Ans. Friday.

32. A garrison of 3300 men has provisions for 32 days, when given at a rate of 850 grams per head. At the end of 7 days a reinforcement arrives and it was found that now the provisions will last 8 days less, when given at the rate of 825 grams per head. How, many more men can it feed?

Ans. 1700 men.

33. From 5 different green balls, four different blue balls and three different red balls, how many combinations of balls can be chosen taking at least one green and one blue ball?

Ans. 3720.

34. Three pipes, A, B, & C are attached to a tank. A & B can fill it in 20 & 30 minutes respectively while C can empty it in 15 minutes. If A, B & C are kept open successively for 1 minute each, how soon will the tank be filled?

Ans. 167 minutes.

35. A person walking 5/6 of his usual rate is 40 minutes late. What is his usual time? Ans. 3 hours 20 minutes.

36.For a motorist there are three ways going from City A to City C. By way of bridge the distance is 20 miles and toll is $0.75. A tunnel between the two cities is a distance of 10 miles and toll is $1.00 for the vehicle and driver and $0.10 for each passenger. A two-lane highway without toll goes east for 30 miles to city B and then 20 miles in a northwest direction to City C.

1. Which is the shortest route from B to C

(a) Directly on toll free highway to City C(b) The bridge (c) The Tunnel(d) The bridge or the tunnel(e) The bridge only if traffic is heavy on the toll free highway

Ans. (a)

2. The most economical way of going from City A to City B, in terms of toll and distance is to use the

(a) tunnel(b) bridge(c) bridge or tunnel(d) toll free highway(e) bridge and highway

Ans. (a)

3. Jim usually drives alone from City C to City A every working day. His firm deducts a percentage of employee pay for lateness. Which factor would most influence his choice of the bridge or the tunnel ?

(a) Whether his wife goes with him(b) scenic beauty on the route(c) Traffic conditions on the road, bridge and tunnel(d) saving $0.25 in tolls(e) price of gasoline consumed in covering additional 10 miles on the bridge

Ans. (a)

4. In choosing between the use of the bridge and the tunnel the chief factor(s) would be:I. Traffic and road conditionsII. Number of passengers in the carIII. Location of one's homes in the center or outskirts of one of the citiesIV. Desire to save $0.25

(a) I only(b) II only(c) II and III only(d) III and IV only(e) I and II only

Ans. (a)

37.The letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G, not necessarily in that order, stand for seven consecutive integers from 1 to 10D is 3 less than AB is the middle termF is as much less than B as C is greater than DG is greater than F

1. The fifth integer is(a) A(b) C(c) D(d) E(e) F

Ans. (a)

2. A is as much greater than F as which integer is less than G(a) A(b) B(c) C(d) D(e) E

Ans. (a)

3. If A = 7, the sum of E and G is(a) 8(b) 10(c) 12(d) 14(e) 16

Ans. (a)

4. A - F = ?(a) 1(b) 2(c) 3(d) 4(e) Cannot be determined

Ans. (a)

5. An integer T is as much greater than C as C is greater than E. T can be written as A + E. What is D?(a) 2(b) 3(c) 4(d) 5(e) Cannot be determined

Ans. (a)

6. The greatest possible value of C is how much greater than the smallest possible value of D?(a) 2(b) 3(c) 4(d) 5(e) 6

Ans. (a)

38.1. All G's are H's2. All G's are J's or K's3. All J's and K's are G's4. All L's are K's5. All N's are M's6. No M's are G's

1. If no P's are K's, which of the following must be true?

(a) All P's are J's(b) No P is a G(c) No P is an H(d) If any P is an H it is a G(e) If any P is a G it is a J

Ans. (a)

2. Which of the following can be logically deduced from the conditions stated?

(a) No M's are H's(b) No M's that are not N's are H's(c) No H's are M's(d) Some M's are H's(e) All M's are H's

Ans. (a)

3. Which of the following is inconsistent with one or more of the conditions?

(a) All H's are G's(b) All H's that are not G's are M's(c) Some H's are both M's and G's(d) No M's are H's(e) All M's are H's

Ans. (a)

4. The statement "No L's are J's" isI. Logically deducible from the conditions statedII. Consistent with but not deducible from the conditions statedIII. Deducible from the stated conditions together with the additional statement "No J's are K's"

(a) I only(b) II only(c) III only(d) II and III only(e) Neither I, II nor III

Ans. (a)

39.In country X, democratic, conservative and justice parties have fought three civil wars in twenty years. TO restore stability an agreement is reached to rotate the top offices President, Prime Minister and Army Chief among the parties so that each party controls one and only one office at all times. The three top office holders must each have two deputies, one from each of the other parties. Each deputy must choose a staff composed of equally members of his or her chiefs party and member of the third party.

1. When Justice party holds one of the top offices, which of the following cannot be true

(a) Some of the staff members within that office are justice party members(b) Some of the staff members within that office are democratic party members(c) Two of the deputies within the other offices are justice party members(d) Two of the deputies within the other offices are conservative party members(e) Some of the staff members within the other offices are justice party members.

Ans. (a)

2. When the democratic party holds presidency, the staff of the prime minister's deputies are composed I. One-fourth of democratic party membersII. One-half of justice party members and one-fourth of conservative party membersIII. One-half of conservative party members and one-fourth of justice party members.

(a) I only(b) I and II only(c) II or III but not both(d) I and II or I and III(e) None of these

Ans. (a)

3. Which of the following is allowable under the rules as stated:

(a) More than half of the staff within a given office belonging to a single party(b) Half of the staff within a given office belonging to a single party(c) Any person having a member of the same party as his or her immediate superior(d) Half the total number of staff members in all three offices belonging to a single party(e) Half the staff members in a given office belonging to parties different from the party of the top office holder in that office.

Ans. (a)

4. The office of the Army Chief passes from Conservative to Justice party. Which of the following must be fired.

(a) The democratic deputy and all staff members belonging to Justice party(b) Justice party deputy and all his or hers staff members(c) Justice party deputy and half of his Conservative staff members in the chief of staff office(d) The Conservative deputy and all of his or her staff members belonging to Conservative party(e) No deputies and all staff members belonging to conservative parties.

Ans. (a)

40.In recommendations to the board of trustees a tuition increase of $500 per year, the president of the university said "There were no student demonstrations over the previous increases of $300 last year and $200 the year before". If the president's statement is accurate then which of the following can be validly inferred from the information given:I. Most students in previous years felt that the increases were justified because of increased operating costs.II. Student apathy was responsible for the failure of students to protest the previous tuition increases.III. Students are not likely to demonstrate over new tuition increases.

(a) I only(b) II only(c) I or II but not both(d) I, II and III(e) None

Ans. (a)

41. The office staff of XYZ corporation presently consists of three bookeepers--A, B, C and 5 secretaries D, E, F, G, H. The management is planning to open a new office in another city using 2 bookeepers and 3 secretaries of the present staff . To do so they plan to seperate certain individuals who don't function well together. The following guidelines were established to set up the new office

I. Bookeepers A and C are constantly finding fault with one another and should not be sent together to the new office as a teamII. C and E function well alone but not as a team , they should be seperatedIII. D and G have not been on speaking terms and shouldn't go togetherIV Since D and F have been competing for promotion they shouldn't be a team

1.If A is to be moved as one of the bookeepers,which of the following cannot be a possible working unit.

A.ABDEHB.ABDGH

C.ABEFHD.ABEGH

Ans.B

2.If C and F are moved to the new office,how many combinations are possible

A.1B.2C.3D.4

Ans.A

3.If C is sent to the new office,which member of the staff cannot go with C

A.BB.DC.FD.G

Ans.B

4.Under the guidelines developed,which of the following must go to the new office

A.BB.DC.ED.G

Ans.A

5.If D goes to the new office,which of the following is/are true

I.C cannot goII.A cannot goIII.H must also go

A.I onlyB.II onlyC.I and II onlyD.I and III only

Ans.D

42.After months of talent searching for an administrative assistant to the president of the college the field of applicants has been narrowed down to 5--A, B, C, D, E .It was announced that the finalist would be chosen after a series of all-day group personal interviews were held.The examining committee agreed upon the following procedure

I.The interviews will be held once a weekII.3 candidates will appear at any all-day interview sessionIII.Each candidate will appear at least onceIV.If it becomes necessary to call applicants for additonal interviews, no more 1 such applicant should be asked to appear the next weekV.Because of a detail in the written applications,it was agreed that whenever candidate B appears, A should also be present.VI.Because of travel difficulties it was agreed that C will appear for only 1 interview.

1.At the first interview the following candidates appear A,B,D.Which of the follwing combinations can be called for the interview to be held next week.

A.BCDB.CDEC.ABED.ABC

Ans.B

2.Which of the following is a possible sequence of combinations for interviews in 2 successive weeks

A.ABC;BDEB.ABD;ABEC.ADE;ABCD.BDE;ACD

Ans.C

3.If A ,B and D appear for the interview and D is called for additional interview the following week,which 2 candidates may be asked to appear with D?

I. AII BIII.CIV.E

A.I and IIB.I and III only C.II and III onlyD.III and IV only

Ans.D

4.Which of the following correctly state(s) the procedure followed by the search committee

I.After the second interview all applicants have appeared at least onceII.The committee sees each applicant a second timeIII.If a third session,it is possible for all applicants to appear at least twice

A.I onlyB.II onlyC.III onlyD.Both I and II

Ans.A

43. A certain city is served by subway lines A,B and C and numbers 1 2 and 3When it snows , morning service on B is delayedWhen it rains or snows , service on A, 2 and 3 are delayed both in the morning and afternoon When temp. falls below 30 degrees farenheit afternoon service is cancelled in either the A line or the 3 line,but not both.When the temperature rises over 90 degrees farenheit, the afternoon service is cancelled in either the line C or the3 line but not both.When the service on the A line is delayed or cancelled, service on the C line which connects the A line, is delayed.When service on the 3 line is cancelled, service on the B line which connects the 3 line is delayed.

Q1. On Jan 10th, with the temperature at 15 degree farenheit, it snows all day. On how many lines will service be affected, including both morning and afternoon.

(A) 2(B) 3(C) 4(D) 5

Ans. D

Q2. On Aug 15th with the temperature at 97 degrees farenheit it begins to rain at 1 PM. What is the minimum number of lines on which service will be affected?

(A) 2(B) 3

(C) 4(D) 5

Ans. C

Q3. On which of the following occasions would service be on the greatest number of lines disrupted.

(A) A snowy afternoon with the temperature at 45 degree farenheit(B) A snowy morning with the temperature at 45 degree farenheit(C) A rainy afternoon with the temperature at 45 degree farenheit(D) A rainy afternoon with the temperature at 95 degree farenheit

Ans. B

44. In a certain society, there are two marriage groups, red and brown. No marriage is permitted within a group. On marriage, males become part of their wives groups; women remain in their own group. Children belong to the same group as their parents. Widowers and divorced males revert to the group of their birth. Marriage to more than one person at the same time and marriage to a direct descendant are forbidden

Q1. A brown female could have had

I. A grandfather born RedII. A grandmother born RedIII Two grandfathers born Brown

(A) I only(B) III only(C) I, II and III(D) I and II only

Ans. D

Q2. A male born into the brown group may have

(A) An uncle in either group(B) A brown daughter(C) A brown son(D) A son-in-law born into red group

Ans. A

Q3. Which of the following is not permitted under the rules as stated.

(A) A brown male marrying his father's sister(B) A red female marrying her mother's brother(C) A widower marrying his wife's sister(D) A widow marrying her divorced daughter's ex-husband

Ans. B

Q4. If widowers and divorced males retained their group they had upon marrying which of the following would be permissible ( Assume that no previous marriage occurred)

(A) A woman marrying her dead sister's husband(B) A woman marrying her divorced daughter's ex-husband(C) A widower marrying his brother's daughter(D) A woman marrying her mother's brother who is a widower.

Ans. D

Q5. I. All G's are H'sII. All G's are J's or K'sIII All J's and K's are G'sIV All L's are K'sV All N's are M'sVI No M's are G's

45. There are six steps that lead from the first to the second floor. No two people can be on the same stepMr. A is two steps below Mr. CMr. B is a step next to Mr. DOnly one step is vacant ( No one standing on that step )Denote the first step by step 1 and second step by step 2 etc.

1. If Mr. A is on the first step, Which of the following is true? (a) Mr. B is on the second step(b) Mr. C is on the fourth step.(c) A person Mr. E, could be on the third step(d) Mr. D is on higher step than Mr. C.

Ans: (d)

2. If Mr. E was on the third step & Mr. B was on a higher step than Mr. E which step must be vacant (a) step 1 (b) step 2 (c) step 4 (d) step 5(e) step 6

Ans: (a)

3. If Mr. B was on step 1, which step could A be on? (a) 2&e only(b) 3&5 only (c) 3&4 only (d) 4&5 only (e) 2&4 only

Ans: (c)

4. If there were two steps between the step that A was standing and the step that B was standing on, and A was on a higher step than D , A must be on step

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6

Ans: (c)

5. Which of the following is false

i. B&D can be both on odd-numbered steps in one configurationii. In a particular configuration A and C must either both an odd numbered steps or both an even-numbered stepsiii. A person E can be on a step next to the vacant step.

(a) i only (b) ii only (c) iii only(d) both i and iii

Ans: (c)

46. Six swimmers A, B, C, D, E, F compete in a race. The outcome is as follows. i. B does not win.ii. Only two swimmers separate E & Diii. A is behind D & Eiv. B is ahead of E , with one swimmer interveningv. F is a head of D

1. Who stood fifth in the race ?(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

Ans: (e)

2. How many swimmers seperate A and F ?(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) cannot be determined

Ans: (d)

3. The swimmer between C & E is(a) none (b) F (c) D (d) B (e) A

Ans: (a)

4. If the end of the race, swimmer D is disqualified by the Judges then swimmer B finishes in which place (a) 1(b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5

Ans: (b)

47. Five houses lettered A,B,C,D, & E are built in a row next to each other. The houses are lined up in the order A,B,C,D, & E. Each of the five houses has a colored chimney. The roof and chimney of each housemust be painted as follows.i. The roof must be painted either green,red ,or yellow.ii. The chimney must be painted either white, black, or red.iii. No house may have the same color chimney as the color of roof.iv. No house may use any of the same colors that the every next house uses.v. House E has a green roof.vi. House B has a red roof and a black chimney

1. Which of the following is true ? (a) At least two houses have black chimney.(b) At least two houses have red roofs.(c) At least two houses have white chimneys(d) At least two houses have green roofs(e) At least two houses have yellow roofs

Ans: (c)

2. Which must be false ? (a) House A has a yellow roof (b) House A & C have different color chimney(c) House D has a black chimney

(d) House E has a white chimney(e) House B&D have the same color roof.

Ans: (b)

3. If house C has a yellow roof. Which must be true. (a) House E has a white chimney(b) House E has a black chimney(c) House E has a red chimney(d) House D has a red chimney(e) House C has a black chimney

Ans: (a)

4. Which possible combinations of roof & chimney can house I. A red roof 7 a black chimneyII. A yellow roof & a red chimneyIII. A yellow roof & a black chimney

(a) I only (b) II only (c) III only (d) I & II only (e) I&II&III

Ans: (e)

48. Find x+2y(i). x+y=10(ii). 2x+4y=20

Ans: (b)

49. Is angle BAC is a right angle (i) AB=2BC(2) BC=1.5AC

Ans: (e)

50. Is x greater than y(i) x=2k(ii) k=2y

Ans: (e)

PART – 3

Aptitude QuestionsSolve the following and check with the answers given at the end.

1. It was calculated that 75 men could complete a piece of work in 20 days.

When work was scheduled to commence, it was found necessary to send 25 men

to another project. How much longer will it take to complete the work?

2. A student divided a number by 2/3 when he required to multiply by 3/2. Calculate the percentage of error in his result.

3. A dishonest shopkeeper professes to sell pulses at the cost price, but he uses a

false weight of 950gm. for a kg. His gain is …%. 4. A software engineer has the capability of thinking 100 lines of code in five

minutes and can type 100 lines of code in 10 minutes. He takes a break for five minutes after every ten minutes. How many lines of codes will he complete typing after an hour?

5. A man was engaged on a job for 30 days on the condition that he would get a

wage of Rs. 10 for the day he works, but he have to pay a fine of Rs. 2 for each day of his absence. If he gets Rs. 216 at the end, he was absent for work for ... days.

6. A contractor agreeing to finish a work in 150 days, employed 75 men each

working 8 hours daily. After 90 days, only 2/7 of the work was completed. Increasing the number of men by ________ each working now for 10 hours daily, the work can be completed in time.

7. what is a percent of b divided by b percent of a? (a) a (b) b (c) 1 (d)

10 (d) 100 8. A man bought a horse and a cart. If he sold the horse at 10 % loss and the cart

at 20 % gain, he would not lose anything; but if he sold the horse at 5% loss and

the cart at 5% gain, he would lose Rs. 10 in the bargain. The amount paid by him was Rs._______ for the horse and Rs.________ for the cart.

9. A tennis marker is trying to put together a team of four players for a tennis

tournament out of seven available. males - a, b and c; females – m, n, o and p. All players are of equal ability and there must be at least two males in the team. For a team of four, all players must be able to play with each other under the following restrictions:

b should not play with m, c should not play with p, and a should not play with o. Which of the following statements must be false?

1. b and p cannot be selected together2. c and o cannot be selected together3. c and n cannot be selected together. 10-12. The following figure depicts three views of a cube. Based on this, answer questions 10-12.

6 5 2 3 2

4 1 22 3

6 10. The number on the face opposite to the face carrying 1 is _______ . 11. The number on the faces adjacent to the face marked 5 are _______ . 12. Which of the following pairs does not correctly give the numbers on the

opposite faces. (1) 6,5 (2) 4,1 (3) 1,3 (4)

4,2 13. Five farmers have 7, 9, 11, 13 & 14 apple trees, respectively in their orchards.

Last year, each of them discovered that every tree in their own orchard bore exactly the same number of apples. Further, if the third farmer gives one apple to the first, and the fifth gives three to each of the second and the fourth, they would

all have exactly the same number of apples. What were the yields per tree in the orchards of the third and fourth farmers?

14. Five boys were climbing a hill. J was following H. R was just ahead of G. K

was between G & H. They were climbing up in a column. Who was the second? 15-18 John is undecided which of the four novels to buy. He is considering a spy

thriller, a Murder mystery, a Gothic romance and a science fiction novel. The books are written by Rothko, Gorky, Burchfield and Hopper, not necessary in that order, and published by Heron, Piegon, Blueja and sparrow, not necessary in that order.

(1) The book by Rothko is published by Sparrow.(2) The Spy thriller is published by Heron.

(3) The science fiction novel is by Burchfield and is not published by Blueja.(4)The Gothic romance is by Hopper.

15. Pigeon publishes ____________.

16. The novel by Gorky ________________.

17. John purchases books by the authors whose names come first and third in

alphabetical order. He does not buy the books ______. 18. On the basis of the first paragraph and statement (2), (3) and (4) only, it is

possible to deduce that1. Rothko wrote the murder mystery or the spy thriller2. Sparrow published the murder mystery or the spy thriller3. The book by Burchfield is published by Sparrow.

19. If a light flashes every 6 seconds, how many times will it flash in ¾ of an hour? 20. If point P is on line segment AB, then which of the following is always true? (1) AP = PB (2) AP > PB (3) PB > AP (4) AB > AP (5) AB > AP + PB 21. All men are vertebrates. Some mammals are vertebrates. Which of the

following conclusions drawn from the above statement is correct.All men are mammalsAll mammals are menSome vertebrates are mammals.None

22. Which of the following statements drawn from the given statements are correct? Given:

All watches sold in that shop are of high standard. Some of the HMT watches are sold in that shop.a) All watches of high standard were manufactured by HMT.b) Some of the HMT watches are of high standard.c) None of the HMT watches is of high standard.d) Some of the HMT watches of high standard are sold in that shop.

23-27.

1. Ashland is north of East Liverpool and west of Coshocton.2. Bowling green is north of Ashland and west of Fredericktown.3. Dover is south and east of Ashland.4. East Liverpool is north of Fredericktown and east of Dover.5. Fredericktown is north of Dover and west of Ashland.6. Coshocton is south of Fredericktown and west of Dover.

23. Which of the towns mentioned is furthest of the north – west (a) Ashland (b) Bowling green (c) Coshocton

(d) East Liverpool (e) Fredericktown 24. Which of the following must be both north and east of Fredericktown? (a) Ashland (b) Coshocton (c) East Liverpool I a only II b only III c only IV a & b V a & c 25. Which of the following towns must be situated both south and west of at least

one other town?A. Ashland onlyB. Ashland and FredericktownC. Dover and FredericktownD. Dover, Coshocton and FredericktownE. Coshocton, Dover and East Liverpool.

26. Which of the following statements, if true, would make the information in the

numbered statements more specific?(a) Coshocton is north of Dover.(b) East Liverpool is north of Dover(c) Ashland is east of Bowling green.(d) Coshocton is east of Fredericktown(e) Bowling green is north of Fredericktown

27. Which of the numbered statements gives information that can be deduced

from one or more of the other statements? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D)

4 (E) 6

28. Eight friends Harsha, Fakis, Balaji, Eswar, Dhinesh, Chandra, Geetha, and

Ahmed are sitting in a circle facing the center. Balaji is sitting between Geetha and Dhinesh. Harsha is third to the left of Balaji and second to the right of Ahmed. Chandra is sitting between Ahmed and Geetha and Balaji and Eshwar are not sitting opposite to each other. Who is third to the left of Dhinesh?

29. If every alternative letter starting from B of the English alphabet is written in

small letter, rest all are written in capital letters, how the month “ September” be written.

(1) SeptEMbEr (2) SEpTeMBEr (3) SeptembeR (4) SepteMber (5) None of the above.

30. The length of the side of a square is represented by x+2. The length of the

side of an equilateral triangle is 2x. If the square and the equilateral triangle have equal perimeter, then the value of x is _______.

31. It takes Mr. Karthik y hours to complete typing a manuscript. After 2 hours,

he was called away. What fractional part of the assignment was left incomplete? 32. Which of the following is larger than 3/5? (1) ½ (2) 39/50 (3) 7/25 (4)

3/10 (5) 59/100 33. The number that does not have a reciprocal is ____________.

34. There are 3 persons Sudhir, Arvind, and Gauri. Sudhir lent cars to Arvind and Gauri as many as they had already. After some time Arvind gave as many cars to Sudhir and Gauri as many as they have. After sometime Gauri did the same thing. At the end of this transaction each one of them had 24. Find the cars each originally had.

35. A man bought a horse and a cart. If he sold the horse at 10 % loss and the cart

at 20 % gain, he would not lose anything; but if he sold the horse at 5% loss and the cart at 5% gain, he would lose Rs. 10 in the bargain. The amount paid by him was Rs._______ for the horse and Rs.________ for the cart.

Answers: 1. Answer:

30 days. Explanation: Before:

One day work = 1 / 20 One man’s one day work = 1 / ( 20 * 75)Now:

No. Of workers = 50 One day work = 50 * 1 / ( 20 * 75)

The total no. of days required to complete the work = (75 * 20) / 50 = 30 2. Answer:

0 % Explanation:

Since 3x / 2 = x / (2 / 3) 3. Answer:

5.3 % Explanation: He sells 950 grams of pulses and gains 50 grams.

If he sells 100 grams of pulses then he will gain (50 / 950) *100 = 5.26 4. Answer:

250 lines of codes 5. Answer:

7 daysExplanation:

The equation portraying the given problem is: 10 * x – 2 * (30 – x) = 216 where x is the number of working days. Solving this we get x = 23 Number of days he was absent was 7 (30-23) days. 6. Answer:

150 men.Explanation:

One day’s work = 2 / (7 * 90) One hour’s work = 2 / (7 * 90 * 8) One man’s work = 2 / (7 * 90 * 8 * 75)

The remaining work (5/7) has to be completed within 60 days, because the total number of days allotted for the project is 150 days.

So we get the equation (2 * 10 * x * 60) / (7 * 90 * 8 * 75) = 5/7 where x is the

number of men working after the 90th day. We get x = 225 Since we have 75 men already, it is enough to add only 150 men. 7. Answer:

(c) 1Explanation: a percent of b : (a/100) * b b percent of a : (b/100) * a a percent of b divided by b percent of a : ((a / 100 )*b) / (b/100) * a )) = 1

8. Answer:

Cost price of horse = Rs. 400 & the cost price of cart = 200.Explanation:-

Let x be the cost price of the horse and y be the cost price of the cart. In the first sale there is no loss or profit. (i.e.) The loss obtained is equal to the

gain. Therefore (10/100) * x = (20/100) * y X = 2 * y -----------------(1) In the second sale, he lost Rs. 10. (i.e.) The loss is greater than the profit by Rs.

10. Therefore (5 / 100) * x = (5 / 100) * y + 10 -------(2) Substituting (1) in (2) we get

(10 / 100) * y = (5 / 100) * y + 10 (5 / 100) * y = 10 y = 200 From (1) 2 * 200 = x = 400

9. Answer:3.

Explanation: Since inclusion of any male player will reject a female from the team. Since there should be four member in the team and only three males are available, the girl, n should included in the team always irrespective of others selection.

10. Answer:

5 11. Answer:

1,2,3 & 4 12. Answer:

B 13. Answer:

11 & 9 apples per tree. Explanation:

Let a, b, c, d & e be the total number of apples bored per year in A, B, C, D & E ‘s orchard. Given that a + 1 = b + 3 = c – 1 = d + 3 = e – 6 But the question is to find the number of apples bored per tree in C and D ‘s orchard. If is enough to consider c – 1 = d + 3. Since the number of trees in C’s orchard is 11 and that of D’s orchard is 13. Let x and y be the number of apples bored per tree in C & d ‘s orchard respectively. Therefore 11 x – 1 = 13 y + 3By trial and error method, we get the value for x and y as 11 and 9

14. Answer:G.

Explanation: The order in which they are climbing is R – G – K – H – J 15 – 18

Answer: Novel Name Author Publisher Spy thriller Rathko Heron Murder mystery Gorky Piegon Gothic romance Burchfield Blueja Science fiction Hopper Sparrow Explanation: Given Novel Name Author Publisher Spy thriller Rathko Heron Murder mystery Gorky Piegon Gothic romance Burchfield Blueja Science fiction Hopper Sparrow

Since Blueja doesn’t publish the novel by Burchfield and Heron publishes the novel spy thriller, Piegon publishes the novel by Burchfield.

Since Hopper writes Gothic romance and Heron publishes the novel spy thriller, Blueja publishes the novel by Hopper.

Since Heron publishes the novel spy thriller and Heron publishes the novel by Gorky, Gorky writes Spy thriller and Rathko writes Murder mystery.

19. Answer:

451 times.Explanation:

There are 60 minutes in an hour. In ¾ of an hour there are (60 * ¾) minutes = 45 minutes.

In ¾ of an hour there are (60 * 45) seconds = 2700 seconds. Light flashed for every 6 seconds.

In 2700 seconds 2700/6 = 450 times.The count start after the first flash, the light will flashes 451 times in ¾ of an hour.

20. Answer:

(4) Explanation: P A B Since p is a point on the line segment AB, AB > AP 21. Answer: (c) 22. Answer: (b) & (d). Ahmed23 - 27.Answer:

Fakis Chandra28. Answer: Fakis

Explanation: Harsha Geetha

Eswar Balaji

Dhinesh

29. Answer:(5).

Explanation: Since every alternative letter starting from B of the English alphabet is written in small letter, the letters written in small letter are b, d, f... In the first two answers the letter E is written in both small & capital letters, so they are not the correct answers. But in third and fourth answers the letter is written in small letter instead capital letter, so they are not the answers.

30. Answer:

x = 4Explanation:

Since the side of the square is x + 2, its perimeter = 4 (x + 2) = 4x + 8Since the side of the equilateral triangle is 2x, its perimeter = 3 * 2x = 6xAlso, the perimeters of both are equal. (i.e.) 4x + 8 = 6x (i.e.) 2x = 8 x = 4.

31. Answer:

(y – 2) / y.Explanation: To type a manuscript karthik took y hours. Therefore his speed in typing = 1/y. He was called away after 2 hours of typing. Therefore the work completed = 1/y * 2. Therefore the remaining work to be completed = 1 – 2/y. (i.e.) work to be completed = (y-2)/y

32. Answer: (2)

33. Answer:

1 Explanation:

One is the only number exists without reciprocal because the reciprocal of one is one itself.

34. Answer:

Sudhir had 39 cars, Arvind had 21 cars and Gauri had 12 cars. Explanation:

Sudhir Arvind Gauri

Finally 24 24 24

Before Gauri’s transaction 12 12 48 Before Arvind’s transaction 6 42 24 Before Sudhir’ s transaction 39 21 12 35. Answer:

Cost price of horse: Rs. 400 &Cost price of cart: Rs. 200

Explanation: Let x be the cost of horse & y be the cost of the cart. 10 % of loss in selling horse = 20 % of gain in selling the cart

Therefore (10 / 100) * x = (20 * 100) * y x = 2y -----------(1)

5 % of loss in selling the horse is 10 more than the 5 % gain in selling the cart. Therefore (5 / 100) * x - 10 = (5 / 100) * y 5x - 1000 = 5y Substituting (1) 10y - 1000 = 5y 5y = 1000 y = 200 x = 400 from (1)

Exercise 2.1For the following, find the next term in the series 1. 6, 24, 60,120, 210 a) 336 b) 366 c) 330 d) 660 Answer : a) 336 Explanation : The series is 1.2.3, 2.3.4, 3.4.5, 4.5.6, 5.6.7, ..... ( '.' means product) 2. 1, 5, 13, 25 Answer : 41 Explanation : The series is of the form 0^2+1^2, 1^2+2^2,... 3. 0, 5, 8, 17 Answer : 24 Explanation : 1^2-1, 2^2+1, 3^2-1, 4^2+1, 5^2-1 4. 1, 8, 9, 64, 25 (Hint : Every successive terms are related) Answer : 216 Explanation : 1^2, 2^3, 3^2, 4^3, 5^2, 6^3 5. 8,24,12,36,18,54 Answer : 27 6. 71,76,69,74,67,72 Answer : 67 7. 5,9,16,29,54 Answer : 103

Explanation : 5*2-1=9; 9*2-2=16; 16*2-3=29; 29*2-4=54; 54*2-5=103 8. 1,2,4,10,16,40,64 (Successive terms are related) Answer : 200 Explanation : The series is powers of 2 (2^0,2^1,..). All digits are less than 8. Every second number is in octal number system. 128 should follow 64. 128 base 10 = 200 base 8. Exercise 2.2 Find the odd man out. 1. 3,5,7,12,13,17,19 Answer : 12 Explanation : All but 12 are odd numbers 2. 2,5,10,17,26,37,50,64 Answer : 64 Explanation : 2+3=5; 5+5=10; 10+7=17; 17+9=26; 26+11=37; 37+13=50; 50+15=65; 3. 105,85,60,30,0,-45,-90 Answer : 0 Explanation : 105-20=85; 85-25=60; 60-30=30; 30-35=-5; -5-40=-45; -45-45=-90; Exercise 3Solve the following. 1. What is the number of zeros at the end of the product of the numbers from 1 to 100? Answer : 1272. A fast typist can type some matter in 2 hours and a slow typist can type the same in 3 hours. If both type combinely, in how much time will they finish? Answer : 1 hr 12 min Explanation : The fast typist's work done in 1 hr = 1/2 The slow typist's work done in 1 hr = 1/3 If they work combinely, work done in 1 hr = 1/2+1/3 = 5/6

So, the work will be completed in 6/5 hours. i.e., 1+1/5 hours = 1hr 12 min 3. Gavaskar's average in his first 50 innings was 50. After the 51st innings, his average was 51. How many runs did he score in his 51st innings. (supposing that he lost his wicket in his 51st innings) Answer : 101 Explanation : Total score after 50 innings = 50*50 = 2500 Total score after 51 innings = 51*51 = 2601 So, runs made in the 51st innings = 2601-2500 = 101

If he had not lost his wicket in his 51st innings, he would have scored an unbeaten 50 in his 51st innings. 4. Out of 80 coins, one is counterfeit. What is the minimum number of weighings needed to find out the counterfeit coin? Answer : 4 5. What can you conclude from the statement : All green are blue, all blue are red. ?

(i) some blue are green(ii) some red are green (iii) some green are not red (iv) all red are blue

(a) i or ii but not both(b) i & ii only (c) iii or iv but not both (d) iii & iv

Answer : (b) 6. A rectangular plate with length 8 inches, breadth 11 inches and thickness 2 inches is available. What is the length of the circular rod with diameter 8 inches and equal to the volume of the rectangular plate? Answer : 3.5 inches Explanation : Volume of the circular rod (cylinder) = Volume of the rectangular plate (22/7)*4*4*h = 8*11*2 h = 7/2 = 3.5 7. What is the sum of all numbers between 100 and 1000 which are divisible by 14 ? Answer : 35392 Explanation : The number closest to 100 which is greater than 100 and divisible by 14 is 112, which is the first term of the series which has to be summed. The number closest to 1000 which is less than 1000 and divisible by 14 is 994, which is the last term of the series. 112 + 126 + .... + 994 = 14(8+9+ ... + 71) = 35392 8. If s(a) denotes square root of a, find the value of s(12+s(12+s(12+ ...... upto infinity. Answer : 4 Explanation : Let x = s(12+s(12+s(12+..... We can write x = s(12+x). i.e., x^2 = 12 + x. Solving this quadratic equation, we get x = -3 or x=4. Sum cannot be -ve and hence sum = 4. 9. A cylindrical container has a radius of eight inches with a height of three inches. Compute how many inches should be added to either the radius or height to give the same increase in volume?

Answer : 16/3 inches Explanation : Let x be the amount of increase. The volume will increase by the same amount if the radius increased or the height is increased.

So, the effect on increasing height is equal to the effect on increasing the radius. i.e., (22/7)*8*8*(3+x) = (22/7)*(8+x)*(8+x)*3 Solving the quadratic equation we get the x = 0 or 16/3. The possible increase would be by 16/3 inches. 10. With just six weights and a balance scale, you can weigh any unit number of kgs from 1 to 364. What could be the six weights? Answer : 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243 (All powers of 3) 11. Diophantus passed one sixth of his life in childhood, one twelfth in youth, and one seventh more as a bachelor; five years after his marriage a son was born who died four years before his father at half his final age. How old is Diophantus? Answer : 84 years Explanation : x/6 + x/12 + x/7 + 5 + x/2 + 4 = x 12 . If time at this moment is 9 P.M., what will be the time 23999999992 hours later? Answer : 1 P.M. Explanation : 24 billion hours later, it would be 9 P.M. and 8 hours before that it would be 1 P.M. 13. How big will an angle of one and a half degree look through a glass that magnifies things three times? Answer : 1 1/2 degrees Explanation : The magnifying glass cannot increase the magnitude of an angle. 14. Divide 45 into four parts such that when 2 is added to the first part, 2 is subtracted from the second part, 2 is multiplied by the third part and the fourth part is divided by two, all result in the same number. Answer: 8, 12, 5, 20 Explanation: a + b + c + d =45; a+2 = b-2 = 2c = d/2; a=b-4; c = (b-2)/2; d = 2(b-2); b-4 + b + (b-2)/2 + 2(b-2) = 45; 15. I drove 60 km at 30 kmph and then an additional 60 km at 50 kmph. Compute my average speed over my 120 km. Answer : 37 1/2 Explanation : Time reqd for the first 60 km = 120 min.; Time reqd for the second 60 km = 72 min.; Total time reqd = 192 min Avg speed = (60*120)/192 = 37 1/2 Questions 16 and 17 are based on the following : Five executives of European Corporation hold a Conference in Rome Mr. A converses in Spanish & Italian

Mr. B, a spaniard, knows English also Mr. C knows English and belongs to Italy Mr. D converses in French and Spanish Mr. E , a native of Italy knows French 16. Which of the following can act as interpreter if Mr. C & Mr. D wish to converse a) only Mr. A b) Only Mr. B c) Mr. A & Mr. B d) Any of the other three Answer : d) Any of the other three. Explanation : From the data given, we can infer the following. A knows Spanish, Italian B knows Spanish, English C knows Italian, English D knows Spanish, French E knows Italian, French

To act as an interpreter between C and D, a person has to know one of the combinations Italian&Spanish, Italian&French, English&Spanish, English&French

A, B, and E know atleast one of the combinations. 17. If a 6th executive is brought in, to be understood by maximum number of original five he should be fluent in a) English & French b) Italian & Spanish c) English & French d) French & Italian Answer : b) Italian & Spanish Explanation : No of executives who know i) English is 2 ii) Spanish is 3 iii) Italian is 3 iv) French is 2

Italian & Spanish are spoken by the maximum no of executives. So, if the 6th executive is fluent in Italian & Spanish, he can communicate with all the original five because everybody knows either Spanish or Italian.

18. What is the sum of the first 25 natural odd numbers?Answer : 625Explanation : The sum of the first n natural odd nos is square(n).

1+3 = 4 = square(2) 1+3+5 = 9 = square(3)

19. The sum of any seven consecutive numbers is divisible bya) 2 b) 7 c) 3 d) 11

Exercise 3Try the following.

1. There are seventy clerks working in a company, of which 30 are females. Also, 30

clerks are married; 24 clerks are above 25 years of age; 19 married clerks are above 25 years, of which 7 are males; 12 males are above 25 years of age; and 15 males are married. How many bachelor girls are there and how many of these are above 25?

2. A man sailed off from the North Pole. After covering 2,000 miles in one direction

he turned West, sailed 2,000 miles, turned North and sailed ahead another 2,000 miles till he met his friend. How far was he from the North Pole and in what direction?

3. Here is a series of comments on the ages of three persons J, R, S by themselves. S : The difference between R's age and mine is three years. J : R is the youngest. R : Either I am 24 years old or J 25 or S 26. J : All are above 24 years of age. S : I am the eldest if and only if R is not the youngest. R : S is elder to me. J : I am the eldest. R : S is not 27 years old. S : The sum of my age and J's is two more than twice R's age.

One of the three had been telling a lie throughout whereas others had spoken the truth. Determine the ages of S,J,R.

4. In a group of five people, what is the probability of finding two persons with the same month of birth?

5. A father and his son go out for a 'walk-and-run' every morning around a track

formed by an equilateral triangle. The father's walking speed is 2 mph and his running speed is 5 mph. The son's walking and running speeds are twice that of his father. Both start together from one apex of the triangle, the son going clockwise and the father anti-clockwise. Initially the father runs and the son walks for a certain period of time. Thereafter, as soon as the father starts walking, the son starts running. Both complete the course in 45 minutes. For how long does the father run? Where do the two cross each other?

6. The Director of Medical Services was on his annual visit to the ENT Hospital.

While going through the out patients' records he came across the following data for a particular day : " Ear consultations 45; Nose 50; Throat 70; Ear and Nose 30; Nose and Throat 20; Ear and Throat 30; Ear, Nose and Throat 10; Total patients 100." Then he came to the conclusion that the records were bogus. Was he right?

7. Amongst Ram, Sham and Gobind are a doctor, a lawyer and a police officer. They

are married to Radha, Gita and Sita (not in order). Each of the wives have a

profession. Gobind's wife is an artist. Ram is not married to Gita. The lawyer's wife is a teacher. Radha is married to the police officer. Sita is an expert cook. Who's who?

8. What should come next?

1, 2, 4, 10, 16, 40, 64,

Questions 9-12 are based on the following :Three adults – Roberto, Sarah and Vicky – will be traveling in a van with five children – Freddy, Hillary, Jonathan, Lupe, and Marta. The van has a driver’s seat and one passenger seat in the front, and two benches behind the front seats, one beach behind the other. Each bench has room for exactly three people. Everyone must sit in a seat or on a bench, and seating is subject to the following restrictions: An adult must sit on each bench.

Either Roberto or Sarah must sit in the driver’s seat. Jonathan must sit immediately beside Marta.

9. Of the following, who can sit in the front passenger seat ?

(a) Jonathan (b) Lupe (c) Roberto (d) Sarah (e) Vicky

10. Which of the following groups of three can sit together on a bench?(a) Freddy, Jonathan and Marta (b) Freddy, Jonathan and Vicky(c) Freddy, Sarah and Vicky (d) Hillary, Lupe and Sarah(e) Lupe, Marta and Roberto

11. If Freddy sits immediately beside Vicky, which of the following cannot be true ?

a. Jonathan sits immediately beside Sarahb. Lupe sits immediately beside Vickyc. Hillary sits in the front passenger seatd. Freddy sits on the same bench as Hillarye. Hillary sits on the same bench as Roberto

12. If Sarah sits on a bench that is behind where Jonathan is sitting, which of the following must be true ?

a. Hillary sits in a seat or on a bench that is in front of where Marta is sittingb. Lupe sits in a seat or on a bench that is in front of where Freddy is sittingc. Freddy sits on the same bench as Hillaryd. Lupe sits on the same bench as Sarahe. Marta sits on the same bench as Vicky

13. Make six squares of the same size using twelve match-sticks. (Hint : You will need an adhesive to arrange the required figure)

14. A farmer has two rectangular fields. The larger field has twice the length and 4 times the width of the smaller field. If the smaller field has area K, then the are of the larger field is greater than the area of the smaller field by what amount?(a) 6K (b) 8K (c) 12K (d) 7K

15. Nine equal circles are enclosed in a square whose area is 36sq units. Find the area of each circle.

16. There are 9 cards. Arrange them in a 3*3 matrix. Cards are of 4 colors.

They are red, yellow, blue, green. Conditions for arrangement: one red card must be in first row or second row. 2 green cards should be in 3 rd column. Yellow cards must be in the 3 corners only. Two blue cards must be in the 2nd row. At least one green card in each row.

17. Is z less than w? z and w are real numbers.

(I) z2 = 25(II) w = 9

To answer the question,a) Either I or II is sufficientb) Both I and II are sufficient but neither of them is alone sufficientc) I & II are sufficientd) Both are not sufficient

18. A speaks truth 70% of the time; B speaks truth 80% of the time. What is

the probability that both are contradicting each other?

19. In a family 7 children don't eat spinach, 6 don't eat carrot, 5 don't eat beans, 4 don't eat spinach & carrots, 3 don't eat carrot & beans, 2 don't eat beans & spinach. One doesn't eat all 3. Find the no. of children.

20. Anna, Bena, Catherina and Diana are at their monthly business meeting.

Their occupations are author, biologist, chemist and doctor, but not necessarily in that order. Diana just told the neighbour, who is a biologist that Catherina was on her way with doughnuts. Anna is sitting across from the doctor and next to the chemist. The doctor was thinking that Bena was a good name for parent's to choose, but didn't say anything. What is each person's occupation?

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