c programming slide c03

Wednesday, April 12, 2023

PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)

C-PROGRAMMING SLIDE-3PREPARED BY:-

PRADEEP DWIVEDI(pur. B.TECH-IT)

FROM

HINDUSTAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE &TECHNOLOGY

MOB-+919027843806

[email protected]

1



C-3

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TOPIC:-Operator and expressionConditional or decisional construct.



OPERATOR

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An operator is a symbol that tells the computer to perform certain mathematical and logical manipulation.

In c we have three classes of operators.

Unary operator binary operator turnery operator

(single operand) (two operand) (three operand)



OPERATOR

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We have following type of operator1. Arithmetic operators2. Relational operators3. Logical operators4. Assignment operator5. Increment and decrement operator6. Conditional operator7. Bitwise operator8. Special operator.



ARITHMETIC OPERATOR

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OPERATOR MEANING

+ Addition (unary plus)

- Subtraction (unary minus)

* Multiplication

/ Division (quotient)

% Modulus (remainder)



ARITHMETIC OPERATOR

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Integer arithmetic:-Let a=14,b=4;Then a-b=10; a+b=18; a*b=56; a/b=3;(quotient) a%b=2(remainder)



ARITHMETIC OPERATOR

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Note:-when we have lesser numerator then the denominator that time in the case of division operator answer is always 0. and in case of remainder operator answer is same numerator.

6/7=0; -6/-7=0; 6%7=6; -6%-7=-6;Note:-during modulo division the sign of

result is always the sign of first operand (the divident)

-14%3=-2; -14%-3=-2; 14%-3=2;



ARITHMETIC OPERATOR

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Real arithmetic:- x=6.0/7.0=.05743; y=1.0/3.0=0.333333; z=-2.0/3.0=-0.666667Note:- the operator % can not be use real operands.Mixed mode arithmetic:-When one of the operand is real and the other is integer

the expression is called a mixed mode arithmetic expression.

If either of operand is of the real type than the only real operation is performed and the result is always a real number.

15/10.0=1.5;



PRECEDENCE OF ARITHMETIC OPERATOR

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Higher priority (*,/%)Lower priority (+,-)When we have more than one operator of

same priority that time the priority does not matter and associativity comes in picture. And it usually work left to right.



Prog5:-

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/* write a program to convert a temp farenhiet to celcius*/ #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int fa; float c; clrscr(); printf("Enter the farenhite value"); scanf("%d",&fa); c=(fa-32)*5.0/9.0; printf("celcius=%f",c); getch(); }



Prog6:-

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/*write a program to convert a given number of days into months and days*/

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int months,days; printf("Enter days\n"); scanf("%d",&days); months=days/30; days=days%30; printf("months=%d days=%d",months,days); getch(); }



RELATIONAL OPRATOR

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OPRATORS MEANINGS

< Is less than

<= Is less than or equal to

> Is greater than

>= Is greater than or equal to

== Is equal to

!= Is not equal to



RELATIONAL OPRATOR

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Eg:4.5<=10 (true)4.5<-10 (false)-35>=0 (false)10<7+5 (true)



RELATIONAL OPERATOR COMLEMENT

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ACTUAL ONE SIMPLIFIED ONE

!(x<y) X>=y

!(x>y) X<=y

!(x!=y) X==y

!(x<=y) X>y

!<x>=y) X<y

!(x==y) X!=y



LOGICAL OPERATOR

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We have three logical operatorsLogical AND(&&)Logical OR(!!)Logical NOT(!)In the case of and operator the answer will

be true if both condition’s are true. Otherwise the answer will always be false.

In the case of or operator the answer will be false if the both condition are false otherwise the answer will always be true.



NOTE

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Relative precedence of the relational and logical operands is as follows.

Highest ! > >= < <= == != &&Lowest !!It is important to remember this when we

use these operators is compound expressions.



ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR

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Assignment operator are use to assign the result of an expression to a variable.

We have seen the usual assignment operator ‘=‘ . In addition c has a set of ‘shorthand’ assignment operator of the form-

Is equivalent to- v= v op (exp);

V op =exp;



TABLE- SHORT HAND ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR

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STATEMENT WITH SIMPLE ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR

STAEMENT WITH SHORT HAND OPERTOR

a=a+1 a+=1

a=a-1 a-=1

a=a*(n+1) a*=n+1

a=a/(n+1) a/=n+1

a=a%b a%=b



CONDITIONAL/DECISIONAL CONSTRUCT

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When we want a selective execution of a program or want to make some decision that time we used conditional or decisional construct.

C supports following types of decisional construct:-

1. if statement2. switch statement3. conditional operator statement4. go to statement



THE IF STATEMENT

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The if statement may be implemented in different forms depending on the complexity of conditions to be tested.

the different forms are-i. simple if statement.ii. if…………..else statement.iii. nested if…….else statement.iv. else if ladder.



SIMPLE if STATEMENT

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SYNTAX:-if(test-expression)

{

statement-block;

}statement-x;



SIMPLE if STATEMENT(flow chart)

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THE if………else STATEMENT

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SYNTAX:-if(test-expression){true-block statement(s)}else{false-block statement(s)}statement-x;



THE if………else STATEMENT(flow chart)

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NEXTING OF if….else STATEMENTS

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SYNTAX:-

if(test condition-1)

{

if(test condition-2)

{

statement-1;

}

else

{

statement-2;

}

}

else

{

statement-3;

}

statement-x;



NEXTING OF if….else STATEMENTS(flow chart)

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THE else if LADDER

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Syntax:-If(condition-1)

statetement-1;else if(condition-2)

statement-2;else if(condition-3) statement-3;

else if(condition-n)statement-n;

elsedefault -statement;

statement-x;



THE else if LADDER(flow chart)

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SOME POINTS

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When we have only one condition to check that time we should use the if ……else construct.

but if we have multiple condition to check that time we can also use the if ….else but that form is known as nested if…else.

when we have the true condition that time if block will execute otherwise only else block will execute.

if we have only one statement inside the if or else the curly braces are optional otherwise mandatory.

if we don’t want that anything should be happen in false condition that time else is also optional.



Prog 7

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/*write a program to compare two number*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>main(){int a,b;clrscr();printf("Enter two number\n");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);if(a==b){printf("both numbers are equal");}else{printf("both numbers are not equal");}getch();return 0;}



Prog 8

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/*(use of else if ladder) write a prog to check the entered character is vowel or consonant*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){char chr;clrscr();printf("enter a character \n");scanf("%c",&chr);if(chr=='a')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='e')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='i')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='o')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);else if(chr=='u')printf("the vowel is: %c",chr);elseprintf("the consonant is: %c",chr);getch();}



Prog9

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/*write a program to check the member is voter or not*/#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int age;clrscr();printf("Enter the age of member");scanf("%d",&age);if(age<18)printf("member is not a voter");else printf("member is voter");getch();}



THE switch STATEMENT

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switch case is used when we have multiple condition to check.

the switch statement tests the value of a given variable(or expression) against a list of case values and when a match is found, a block of statements associated with that case is executed.

the syntax of switch statement is as shown in next page.




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switch(expression){case values-1:block-1;break;case value-2:block-2;break;default:default-block;break;}statement-x;




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the expression is an integer expression or characters.

value-1,value-2,……are constant or constant expressions and are known as case labels.

break is a keyword with the help of it we move out from the switch statement.

default is an optional case. when present , it will be executed if the value of the expression does not match with any of the case values. if not present, no action takes place if all matches fail and the control goes to the statement-x.



FLOW CHART-selection process of switch statement

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RULES FOR SWITCH STATEMENT

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the switch expression must be an integral type.case labels must be unique. no two labels can have

the same value.case labels must end with colon.the break statement transfers the control out of the

switch statement.the default label is optional . if present , it will be

executed when the expression does not find a matching case labels.

there can be at most one default label.the default may be placed anywhere but usually

placed at the end.it is permitted to nest switch statement.



prog10

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/*write a program by using switch case to make a calculator*/

#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a,b,c,option;clrscr();printf("Enter two numbers\n");scanf("%d%d",&a,&b);printf("Enter the option which do you

wants\n");printf("1.Addition\n");printf("2.subtraction\n");printf("3.multiplication\n");printf("4.division\n");scanf("%d",&option);switch(option)

/*write a program by using switch case to make a calculator*/

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int a,b,c,option; clrscr(); printf("Enter two numbers\n"); scanf("%d%d",&a,&b); printf("Enter the option which do

you wants\n"); printf("1.Addition\n"); printf("2.subtraction\n"); printf("3.multiplication\n"); printf("4.division\n"); scanf("%d",&option); switch(option)



TURNARY OPERATORY

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This is also termed as conditional operator or

The ?:operator.SYNTAX:-

The conditional expression is evaluated first. If the result is non-zero, expression is evaluated and is returned as the value of conditional expression.

Otherwise, expression2 is evaluated and its value is returned.

conditional expression ? expression1:expression2



prog11

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#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int num1,num2,max;clrscr();printf("please insert the value of num1 and num2\n");scanf("%d%d",&num1,&num2);max=(num1>num2)?num1:num2;printf("the maximum number is: %d",max);getch();}



UNARY OPERATOR

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To work on single operand.1. Increment operator(++)2. Decrement operator(--) Unary operator can be represented on

following ways:-i. Postfix increment (m++)ii. Prefix increment (++m)iii. Post fix decrement (m--)iv. Prefix decrement (--m)



UNARY OPERATOR

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Postfix:- If we use postfix increment or decrement

that time we first assign or print the value and then increment the value.

Prefix:-In prefix increment or decrement we first

increment or decrement the value and then assign or print the value.

Note:-The precedence and associatively of ++

and -- operators are the same as those of unary + and unary -



prog12

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/* Demo for unary operators */#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void main(){int a,b;clrscr();a=10;b=a++;printf("the value of a and b: %d %d",a,b);getch();}


PRADEEP DWIVEDI (pur.B.TECH-IT)44

THANK YOU

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