C N I D A R I A THOSE PESKY

ANIMALS WITH

STINGING CELLS!!!

CNIDARIA MEANS “STINGING CELL”

BASIC ORGANISM TYPES

HYDRA

JELLYFISH

SEA

ANEMONE

CORAL

cnidaria intro – 1:48

1. RADIAL SYMMETRY

MOUTH IN CENTER OF

BODY SURROUNDED

BY TENTACLES

PROVIDES FOOD &

PROTECTION FROM

ALL SIDES

TENTACLES MOUTH

2. ONE OPENING SYSTEM FOOD ENTERS THE

MOUTH & IS DIGESTED

IN THE STOMACH

WASTES ARE EXCRETED

THROUGH THE MOUTH

WASTES,

GAMETES

OUT

REPRODUCTIVE CELLS

(SPERM/EGG) (GAMETES)

ARE RELEASED FROM THE

MOUTH

FOOD IN

STINGING CELLS

CALLED CNIDOCYTES

COVER TENTACLES

FOR PROTECTION & TO

CAPTURE PREY

CNIDARIANS ARE

PASSIVE CARNIVORES

3. TENTACLES WITH

STINGING CELLS

catching food – 2:12

4. TWO TISSUE LAYERS

1. EPIDERMIS –

OUTER LAYER

2. GASTRODERMIS –

STOMACH CAVITY

MESOGLEA – JELLY-LIKE

MATERIAL BETWEEN TISSUE

LAYERS

ABUNDANT IN JELLYFISH

TO HELP THEM FLOAT

5. NERVE NET

NERVES COVER THE

BODY BUT CAN NOT

TELL THE

DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN BODY

PARTS.

THERE IS NO BRAIN

POLYP CHARACTERISTICS

1. LOCOMOTION - STATIONARY

2. TENTACLES – EXTEND UPWARD

3. MOUTH – ON TOP OF BODY

4. MESOGLEA – VERY LITTLE

5. PEDAL DISK – USED FOR

ATTACHMENT

6. EXAMPLES – HYDRA, CORAL,

SEA ANEMONES

RINGED ANEMONE

RMJA

RETRACTED ANEMONE

RMJA

sea anemone fight – 1:22

MEDUSA CHARACTERISTICS

1. LOCOMOTION – MOBILE/FLOAT

2. TENTACLES – HANG DOWN

3. MOUTH – UNDERNEATH BODY

4. MESOGLEA – HELPS IT TO FLOAT

5. STATOCYSTS – SPECIAL CELLS

FOR BALANCE

6. EXAMPLES – JELLYFISH

5. ORAL ARMS – TO HOLD PREY

MOON JELLYFISH

SEA WASP – BOX JELLYFISH

RMJA

jellyfish video – 4:38

FEEDING BEHAVIOR

2. CNIDOCYTES – COVER THE TENTACLES,

(stinging cells) THEY CONTAIN NEMATOCYCSTS

3. NEMATOCYSTS - STINGING THREADS

1. TENTACLES - ARM-LIKE EXTENSIONS

AROUND THE MOUTH

2. CNIDOCYTE

4. TRIGGER

1. TENTACLES

3. NEMATOCYST

4. TRIGGER - RELEASE THE NEMATOCYST

WHEN TOUCHED

FORMATION OF CORAL REEFS

CORAL REEFS ARE BUILT BY MILLIONS OF CORAL

POLYPS OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS

EACH POLYP CREATES A “CUP” OF CALCIUM

CARBONATE TO LIVE IN

CORALS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING, THIS

PROCESS HELPS COLONIES TO GROW

OLD SKELETONS

“CUPS”

POLYPS ARE

CONNECTED

FORMATION OF CORAL REEFS

CORALS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY ONCE A YEAR BY

RELEASING SEX CELLS INTO THE WATER.

THIS HELPS TO ESTABLISH NEW COLONIES

CORAL SPAWNING – 2:55

HARD CORALS

REEF BUILDERS –

USE CALCIUM FOR SKELETON

EACH SPECIES HAS A UNIQUE

COLONY & CUP DESIGN

EXAMPLES:

BRAIN,

ELKHORN,

STAR

BRANCHING CORAL POLYPS

RMBO

LACE CORAL

RMBO

BRANCHING CORAL - night

RMBO

BRANCHING CORAL - day

RMBO

BOULDER CORAL - night

RMBO

BOULDER CORAL - day

RMBO

BOULDER CORAL POLYPS

RMBO

ROSE CORAL

RMBO

LETTUCE CORAL

RMJA

FLOWER CORAL w/ ARROW CRAB

RMJA

ORANGE CUP CORAL

RMJA

SOFT CORALS SECRETE CALCIUM SPICULES IN A FLEXIBLE

SUBSTANCE CALLED GORGONIN

EX: SEA FANS, SEA WHIPS

GIANT SEA WHIP DAN

RMBO

SEA PLUME

RMBO

PURPLE SEA FANS

RMBO

DEEP-SEA FAN

RMBO

FIRE CORALS & HYDRAS

NOT TRUE CORALS

THEY ARE HYDRA WHICH CREATE

A HARD STRUCTURE

FIRE CORAL STINGS RESULT IN EXTREME

IRRITATION ON SKIN

RMJA RMJA

FIRE CORAL

RMPR

FERN HYDROID

RMPR

HERMIT CRAB WITH HYDRA

TUBULERIA HYDROIDS

RMNY

PORTUGUESE MAN OF WAR

ACTUALLY A COLONY

OF 4 TYPES OF POLYPS

1. create the float.

2. make the tentacles.

3. digests the food.

4. perform reproduction.

SYMBIOTIC

RELATIONSHIPS

EACH ORGANISM HELPS THE OTHER TO

SURVIVE, LIKE BEST FRIENDS.

1. SEA ANEMONE & SMALL FISH OR SHRIMP

BENEFIT FOR FISH OR SHRIMP:

BENEFIT FOR THE ANEMONE:

GET PROTECTION & FOOD SCRAPS

PREY IS ATTRACTED TO OTHER ANIMAL

INCREASING CHANCE OF FOOD

2. JELLYFISH & SMALL FISH

SAME RELATIONSHIP

AS ABOVE

FISH AND SHRIMP CLEAN

THE TENTACLES

Large jelly with “medusa

fish”

ANEMONE w/cleaner shrimp

RMBO

SEA ANEMONE & HERMIT CRABS

BENEFIT FOR ANEMONE - MOBILITY & EXTRA FOOD FROM CRAB

BENEFIT FOR HERMIT CRAB - PROTECTION & CAMOUFLAGE

HERMIT CRAB WITH ANEMONES

symbiosis – 3:16

CORALS EXPEL THE ALGAE

FROM THEIR BODIES & TURN WHITE

(ALGAE GAVE THEM COLOR). THEY WILL

STARVE & DIE WITHOUT THE ALGAE.

4. CORAL & ZOOXANTHELLAE ALGAE

ALGAE CELLS LIVE IN THE TISSUES OF

THESE ANIMALS.

THEY PRODUCE FOOD (GLUCOSE)

FOR THE CORAL

THE CORAL PROVIDES A HOME

CORAL BLEACHING

Coral Bleaching video – click once to play

COMB JELLIES PHYLUM CTENOPHORA

DO NOT HAVE STINGING

CELLS USE CILIA TO

FILTER WATER

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS:

TENTACLES ARE STICKY

TO CATCH FOOD

MOST CREATE LIGHT THROUGH

BIOLUMINESCENCE

COMB JELLY

COMB JELLY

Up Close & Personal

with a

Sea

Anemone

TENTACLES –

capture prey & carry

food to the mouth

MOUTH RING –

expands & contracts

to open & close

around different food

SEPTA – walls which

secrete enzymes &

absorb nutrients

PEDAL DISK –

muscular tissue for

attachment to surface ACONTIA –

filaments used for

defense & digestion

GONADS – produce

sperm & egg cells for

sexual reproduction

BODY WALL –

has muscles for

contraction &

expansion

STOMACH –

cavity where

digestion occurs