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TRANSCRIPT
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(July 19(9) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK RVICE
(Type all entries - complete applicable sections)
STREET AND NUMBER:
lSTATE:
North
Vance FOR NPS USE ONL Y
ENTRY NUMBER DATE
West side of Satterwhite Point Road, 5 .. 6 miles northwest of U .. S .. 1 CITY OR TOWN:
Henderson (Second Congre ssional Distric t The Hon 0 L ,) Ho Feun tain STATE
North Carolina
CATEGORY (Check One)
0 Di slri ct [XI Bui Iding 0 0 Site 0 Structure ex
0 Object 0
CODE COUNTY:
Vance
OWNERSHIP
Public Public Acqui sition:
Private o In Process
Both o Being Considered
ST ATUS
.KJ Occupied
o Unoccupied
o Preservation work
in progress
PRESEN T USE (Check One or More as Appropriate)
o Agricultural
o Commercia I
1
0 Educational
o Entertainment
~4"OWNER OFPROPERTV OWNER'S NAME:
o Government o Pork
o Industrial (2g Pri vote Res idence
o Military o Religious
o Museum o Scientific
Lieutenant Colonel Henry E White STREET AND NUMBER:
Satterwhite Point Road CI TY OR TOWN: STATE:
LJ Transportation
o Other (Specify)
North
ACCESSIBLE
TO THE PUBLIC
Yes:
lXl Restricted
o Unrestricted I o No by
oin truent fnlY
o Comments
CODE
n
I-_V~an:..:· :..=.c-=e--=C:..:o:..:un=.:....;t:Al-~C=-o=-u=r=-t-=h=--ou=s-=-e _____________________ ------1 § ~ i STREET AND NUMBER: ,(;) ~I
I CD "\
~C-I-T-Y-:-~-n-Td-Oe-w-~-s-o-n--------------------------------------rII~S~TN~A~~~:~t-h--·C--a-r-O-l-i-n--a---------.. ".'j, .. -,., ... ,,~~ .. :.3,.-,O,.7,-.,:.:.~,:.E""'.-.":.'.'."~""".'II i'fT1!--"
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ITITLE OF SURVEY:
I I ~ i
I Xl .,,1
D ATE 0 F SU R V E Y: --------~--·---O---F-e-d-e-ra-I---L·-_J-S-t-a-te-----=O=--:C-o-u-n-ty-----=O=--L-o·-c-a:-I --'-r-t ~ , ~ i :bEPOSI'IORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: C: Z:
:s:: 1) i I CD I U"
I fTll c ~~~~~~~~~.=-----------------------------------------------~ Xl I mU" STREET AND NUMBER:
-----------------.-C-O-D-E---1 , /' /' r-<~ CITY OR TOWN: ISTATE: r-::-L--__________ --.--_....L ____ . ___ ~_I I~ I
'--... ~
ION
Ilenl [J Good
(Checl< One)
[:Xl Altered
o Fair
(Check One)
[] Deteriorated o Ruins o Unexposed
(Check One)
n Maved [Xl Original Site
a handsome plantation house approached by a boxwood walk, a slight rise in a broad yard dotted wi th great treeso The house
condition and is surrounded by well-tended rolling farmland® house consists of two sections, side by side, each two stories
a gable roof running parallel to the front (east) facade The older (north) structure is somewhat lower (about 18 feet to the
the south section, which three bays wide and about 25 t to the eaves The exterior finish of Ashland is consistent throughout both sections The house is covered with beaded weatherboardso Each window has a plain sill and is flanked by symmetrically molded pilasters wi th a pulvinated center strip. 0 ,These support an entablature that breaks out over the pilasters and has a narrower pulvinated band across the friezeo Similar frames occur on the doors as well Narrow paneled corner posts define each facade, and the molded cornice is augmented by dentilso The windows at the first level contain nine-over-nine sash; those at the second, six-over-nine; the single gable windows contain four-over-four® The windows of the northe section are noticeably smaller than those of the southern section®
The main doorway, in the north bay of the three-bay south section, is sheltered by an academic pedimented Tuscan entrance porch, with the columns grouped in two pairso The double door, framed by sidelights and a transom, has a long faceted panel on each leaf® The rear facade has two porches: one is centrally placed on the north section; the other is in the north bay of the south section, corresponding to the front porch.. Each has a gable roof supported by pairs of Tuscan posts on pedestals, connected by a balustrade with slender square balusters between rounded rails The doors are
m m
n like the main entrance, but the south one has only sidelights; the north one ~
is unlighted. Two single shoulder chimneys of brick laid in Flemish bond rise at each endo Both ends have two bays, but the windo\vs on thel10rth I 0
flank the symmetrically placed chirrmeys; on the sout~ ~h~ <?hirrrr:eys ~~e to. 1 z the rear of center and the windows are placed to the front'and I be'tween them ..
The interior of Ashland reflects the changes made by its mid-nineteenth century owners, which all but conceal the earlier fabric of the older sectio .. The plan of the north section has four rooms on the east (front) are a stair hall and parlor, and on the west, a small unheated room'behind the hall and the present dining room behind the parlor The stair hall (now reached from the main hall of the new section) and the parlor feature symmetrically molded architraves with roundel corner blocks The rear rooms
~
have three-part molded architraves® All rooms have flush-sheathed dadoes beneath various kinds of chair rails The doors in the front two rooms and I at the rear entrance have two long panels, but those in the rear rooms have I six raised panels The parlor mantel has pairs of engaged tapered colonnett~s, square in section, supporting paneled end blockso A symmetrically molded architrave with plain corner blocks frames the fire opening beneath a frieze with a plain center tablet. The dining room mantel has symmetrically molded pilasters and a flat molded band across the frieze I
I
The stair rises in tiO short flights at the east end of the hall. The i lower part of the wall and the soffit are flush-sheathed, and the closed s~rtng
finished with a wide molded band .. Newel and posts, square in section wi~ I
F urm 10·3000 (July 1969)
(Number 1'111 on tries)
7
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAL PARK SERVICE
(Continuation Sheet)
STATE
North COUNTY
FOR NPS USE ONLY -.------4
ENTRY NUMBER DATE
molded caps, and turned balusters support a heavy molded handrail Beneath the second flight is a closet entered through a small six-panel door The plan of, the second floor is essentially like that of the first The architraves are simple molded ones, framing doors wi th four or six raised panels Very narrow molded chair rails and baseboards define the flush-sheathed dadoo The two mantels have reeded architraves with corner blocks below flat-paneled friezes and plain shelves In the attic and basement are remnants indicating a possib e eighteenth century construction date a few sections of flat-paneled wainscot, a batten door with strap hinges and wooden lock, and rosehead nails
The newer section of the house is executed on a much grander scale, and the trim, with both Greek Revival and unusually heavy Federal elements, is correspondingly robust~ The hall runs along the north side and to the south are a large front room and two much smaller rear ones The most striking room in the house is the wide hall, which is divided by an elaborate transverse arch supported on heavy pan~led pilasters Acanthus and a beaded astragal outline the arcbi vol to The flush-sheathed dado is bounded by a very heavy molded chair rail and baseboardo The molded cornice is quite wide~ The door frames are symmetrically molded with a pulvinated center strip; the corner blocks have faceted panelso The wide doors have seven flat panels: three Ion upper vertical panels, a single horizontal one, and three shorter ones beneath They are fitted with carpenter lockso In the front hall ceiling is a large, handsome medallion with a recessed center featuring egg-and-dart and acanthus bands The rear hall is dominated by the impressive stair0 The first flight begins just behind the transverse arch with two treads an"a three winders befor rising in a straight run along the south wall A long landing spans the breadth of the hall, and another straight run along the north wall ascends to the second floore The wainscot of the hall continues up the stairo Slender balusters, square in section, and a turned newel and posts support a rounded handrail 0 Wave-pattern brackets adorn the treads; the fascia of the landing is ornamented by a continuous band of the same designo
The large front first-floor room, said to have been a ballr.oom, measures about 21 by 25 feeto Symmetrically molded architraves with roundel corner blocks frame the large windows and flat panels beneath The walls are plaster d between a heavy molded baseboard and an elaborate cornice featuring modillions egg-and-dart, and scroll pattern moldingso The ceiling medallion is like that in the hall but the center element is of radiating acanthuS0 The large, plain mantel is of veined black marble~ The south rear room contains a wooden Greek Revival mantel with symmetrically molded pilasters beneath Greek key corner blocks 0 The plan of the second floor is similar, and the finish is simpler, wi th six--panel doors whose flat panels have been painted wi th graining to simulate raised oneso The mantel in the front room resembles that in the parlor of the older section@
GPO 921·724
LU
LU
pt::r,IOD (Check Olle or More CUi Approprin/e)
o Pre·Columbion i
o 15th Century
[] 16th Century
o 17th Century
SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known)
AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate)
Abor iginol
o Prehistoric
o Historic
0 Agriculture
~ Architecture
0 Art'
0 Commerce
0 Communicati ons
0 Conservation
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
0 Educali on
0 Engineering
0 Industry
0 Invention
0 Landscape
Archi lecture
0 Literoture
O. Military
o Music
RCl 18th Century
QCI 19th Century
ext Political
o Religion/Phi-
losophy
o Science
o Sculpture
o Socia I/Humon-
itariall
o Theater
l~ Transportation
o 20th Century
o Urban Planning
o Other (Specifv)
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when nearby Williamsboro (now a nearly deserted village) was a lively social and political center, the Nutbush Creek area of Granville eounty (now in Vance) was occupied by some of North Carolina's wealthiest and more influential men Notable among them was judge and colonizer Richard Henderson, who owned the Ashland tracto Ashland, one of the most impressive and best-maintained of the plantation houses in the area, is Vance County1s most widely known showplace and landmar~o
The present Ashland is considered by some to incorporate the house of Samuel Henderson, who moved to North Carolina from Virginia shortly after 1740 0 His petition for 100 acres of land in Edgecombe County in 1744 l~cords his early presence there According to one historian, Henderson was appointed one of the first justices of the county court when in 1746 new county of Granville was formed out of Edge'combe Colonial records include him in "a list of Gentlemen in the Commission of the Peace for
.. Gr9JnQ)-1~ County, July 6th 1756, II which means he was at this time in the post of justice of the peaceo Ashland is thought to have passed from ,$q.IpU\3J., i He,J:;lde :r:s9n tg I his son Richardco
Richard Henderson was born in 1735 in Virginia but grew up at his father's home in the Nutbush area of Granville County (now Vance County)o Although there were only meagre opportunities for education he prepared himself for a legal career and after a formidable grilling occasioned by his lack of formal training was admitted to the bar at an early age In 1768, Royal Governor William Tryon appointed him associate justice of the superior court, then the highest court in the colonyo Richard Henderson is best known as the organizer of what was to be an independent colony called Transylvaniaco The famous scout, Daniel Boone, explored land for between the Kentucky and Cumberland rivers In 1774 he formed a land company and bought a tract of more than twenty million acres from the Cherokeeso Henderson established several settlements, but his grand de was thwarte d when Virginia and North Carolina claime d the land
In his capacity as crown judge of the superior court Henderson ran afoul of mili tant farmers who called themselves "Regulators" 'and who felt justice was being denied them in the courts His letter to Governor Tryon
September: 29th 1770" de scribe s his encounter and hm,; he a.r:d be made a ::cck
fori" 10< 3000 {July 19(9)
(Number nil enirles)
80
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIOl'lAL PARK SERVICE
(Continuation Sheet)
ST 11, TE
North Carolina COUNTY
Vance FOR t>lPS USE ONLY
-.------1 EN TR Y NUMBER DATE
judge for the sport and entertainment of those abandoned wretches" Not long afterwards an entry in colonial records preserves the testimony of Thomas Henderson, a brother, that "on the night of the Wednesday following being the l~_ th instant a house which was lately the dwelling house of said Richard Henderson was set on to and consume do "It lmown that Richard Henderso died in 1785 at his home on Nutbush Creek, so it can be concluded that after his house was burned, probably by "Regulators, II Henderson rebuilt what may hav been the original Ashlando
Richard Henderson's will, proved in 1785, divided his vast holdings among his childreno He devised his home tract to a son, John 1@ Henderson@ This property was bought in 1800 by his guardian and kinsman Archibald Henderson of Salisbury, a lawyer of great talent and note It is unclear whether the "home tract" refer:red to represents Ashland or another house in which Richard Henderson may have livedo Another plantation Richard owned, willed to his daughter Fanny, more nearly. fits the location of the present Ashland This latter tract is probably that listed in 1832 tax list as 882 acres on Nutbush Creek belonging to Archibald E III Henderson "of Nu tbush" (a nephew of Archibald of Salisbury and frequently confused with him) Ashland was purchased in 1901 from the executors of Mrs. Ell> Heo Scales (a daughter of Archibald E. Henderson who had inherited it) by Adolphus Eo White It is now the property of his son, Lieutenant Colonel Henry White.
GPO 921·724
, sto
County Records, County Courthouse Oxford, North of the Register of Deeds (Subgroups Deeds, Wills)o
County Records, State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh, Carolina (Subgroups Deeds, Wills)
COlli1ty Records, Vance County Courthouse, Henderson, North Carolina, of the Register of Deeds (Subgroups Deeds, Wills) Records, State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh,
Carolina Dee Wills 0
Degrees Minutes Seconds
STATE:
STATE:
STATE:
Uni t Staff
and His
Street
As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na
tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law
89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion
in the National Register and certify that it has been
evaluated according to the criteria and procedu res set
forth by the National Park Service. The recommended
leve 1 of signifiea nce of this nomina tion is:
National -)1J I /,State 0 Local (K)
(J[j 1:j-/-1F)/V~~ Name f1:
R .. Go J neS
Title Director, State Department of Archives and History
Date 5 Sep tember 1972
, " 22 16
STATE
North
I hereby certify that this property is included in the
National Register.
Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation
Date
ATTEST:
Keeper of The National Register
Date ____ ~~ __ ~~ ________________________ _
m m
:z
c n
I::Olm 10,3000 (July 1969)
(Number all entries)
9
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARI< SEF~VICE
(Continuation Sheet)
STATE
North Carolina COUNTY
Vance FOR NPS USE ONLY
-.-------1 ENTRY NUMBER DATE
Henderson, Archibald. 1941
The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago,
Malone Dumas New York,
Clark, Walter, Stewart,
ed", 1943
Charles Scribner's Sons,
MID I and J. Gil
GPO 921.724
50
',"'~~-~' ~ i,,+ : \~ o '
~ \ ,b o Q"
,- 111>
I Ii>
i '" 1380
Ashland Satterwhi te Point Road Henderson, North Carolina
State Highway COmmission Map of Vance County Scale: Iff: 1 mile Date Janua~ 1968
Latitude Longi tude
J
I i
degrees minutes seconds degrees minutes seconds
36 25 47 78 22 16
j /') : 1369
" )
'360
< r::;
l
~ '\J- \ ~ \ 1369
