c hapter 12 s ection 1 f orces. it was named after sir isaac newton (the guy under the apple tree)...
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Chapter 12
Section 1
Forces
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It was named after Sir Isaac Newton (the guy under the apple tree) – who explained how force, mass, and acceleration are related.
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If the object is not moving, it will continue to not move.If the object IS moving, it will continue to move at the same speed and in
the same direction.
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This acceleration can be a change in speed, in direction, or both.
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Without friction, everything would be slippery. (even more slippery than a sheet of ice)
Note that “touching” each other includes solid objects that are directly touching one another as well as objects moving through a liquid or gas.
There are 4 main types of friction:
static friction, sliding friction, rolling friction, and fluid friction
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* Always opposes your push
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* Because sliding friction is less than static friction, less force is needed to keep an object moving than to start it moving
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NOTE: rolling friction does not actually exist – this is one of those things textbook authors
make up in a misguided attempt to help you.
* Rolling friction is much less than static and sliding friction – which is why wheels are so useful for moving heavy objects.
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* Air resistance is fluid friction acting on an object moving through the air. (So the faster you drive, the more air resistance there is.)
* Fluid friction increases as the speed of the object moving through it increases. (So the
faster you stir, the greater the friction is.)
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We can decrease our terminal velocity by increasing the (upward force of) air resistance by increasing our surface area.• This is what a skydiver’s parachute does.
• Cats and flying squirrels spread all four legs out to increase their surface area – which increases their air resistance – to decrease their terminal velocity.
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(air resistance and gravity)