c h a p t e r 19 electric potential energy and the electric potential
TRANSCRIPT
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C H A P T E R 19Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential
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19.4 Equipotential Surfaces
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An equipotential surface is a Surface on which the Electric Potential is the
same everywhere.
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Equipotential Lines of Two Unlike Charges
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Equipotential Surfaces Between Two Charged Parallel
Plates
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19.5: Capacitor
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Capacitance,C of a Capacitor
Capacitor, also known as a condenser is a device where electrical charge can be stored.
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Capacitance,C of a Capacitor
Capacitor, also known as a condenser is a device where electrical charge can be stored.
Capacitors are important components in radio and television circuits, automobile ignition systems, computer hardware and keyboard, defibrillators, and electronic flash units.
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Capacitance,C of a Capacitor
.V
qC
Capacitor, also known as a condenser is a device where electrical charge can be stored.
Capacitors are important components in radio and television circuits, automobile ignition systems, computer hardware and keyboard, defibrillators, and electronic flash units.
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Capacitance,C of a Capacitor
The SI unit of capacitance is farad, after Michael Faraday.
1 farad = 1 C/V. The farad is a large unit.
In practice microfarad (μF = 10-6F) and picofarad (pF = 10-12F) are used.
Capacitor, also known as a condenser is a device where electrical charge can be stored.
Capacitors are important components in radio and television circuits, automobile ignition systems, computer hardware and keyboard, defibrillators, and electronic flash units.
.V
qC
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Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor
.0 d
AC
Κ =dielectric of dielectric constant,
ε0 = 8.85 10-12 C2/N.m2, is the permittivity of free space.
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Dielectric Constants of some materials at 200C
Material Dielectric Constant, κ
Vacuum 1.0000
Air 1.00054
Teflon 2.1
Paper (royal gray) 3.3
Pyrex Glass 6
Hard rubber 2.8
Mica 7
Water 80.4
Ceramic, strontium titanate 230
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Energy Stored in a Capacitor
.2
1qVEnergy
.2
1
2
1
2
1 22
C
qCVqVEnergy
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Applications of Capacitors
• RAM chips
• Computer keyboard
• Electronic flash in a camera
• Defibrillator
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Random-access Memory (RAM) Chips.
A single RAM chip often contains millions of transistor–capacitor units. The address line is used by the computer to locate a particular transistor–capacitor combination, and the data line carries the data to be stored. A pulse on the address line turns on the transistor switch. With the switch turned on, a pulse coming in on the data line can cause the capacitor to charge. A charged capacitor means that a “one” has been stored, while an uncharged capacitor means that a “zero” has been stored.
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A Computer Keyboard
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An Electronic Flash Attachment for a Camera
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Defibrillator
A defibrillator uses the electrical energy stored in a capacitor to deliver a controlled electric current that can restore normal heart rhythm in a heart attack victim.
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Conduction of Electrical Signals in
Neurons
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“resting” and “non-resting” neuron
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An action potential
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Electrocardiography (EKG)
The potential differences generated by heart muscle activity provide the basis for electrocardiography.
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Electroencephalography (EEG)
An electroencephalography is used to characterize brain behavior.
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Electroretinography (ERG)
The electrical characteristics of the retina of the eye lead to the potential differences measured in electroretinography.