COMPREHENSIVE

ENGLISH FOR 2nd BAC

GUIDE TO

Written & Designed by

Chahid Elhocine

“A small booklet designed to help

2nd baccalaureate students to

prepare for the national exam”

E N G L I S H V O C A B U L A R Y

Education Formal Education: Learning through a program at school where the student gets degree and takes exams. (=High school)

Non-formal Education: Learning through a program without taking any

exams or degrees. (=Literacy classes)

Informal Education: Learning from life experiences, work and family.

The knowledge and skills that

we learn from schools, society

and family.

Culture Cultural Values: Respect, Tolerance, Altruism, Solidarity, Hospitality, Equality, Justice, Coexistence.

Cultural Issues: Bigotry, Injustice, inequality, Culture shock, Globalisation, Violence, Racism, Stereotypes.

A set of values, traditions and

beliefs related to a specific

society.

Youth Gifts of Youth : Talent, Audacity, Vigour, Courage, Creativity,

Adventure, Ambition, Passion, Vitality, Energy, Enthusiam, Experience. A state of being a young person

caracterized by gifts and talents

Women Powers of Women: Emancipation, Freedom, Motherhood, Beauty, Affection, Love, Patience, Literacy, Confidence, Enthusiasm.

Issues of Women : Discrimination, Violence, Harassement, Neglect,

Illiteracy, Stereotypes, Inequality.

A social gender that plays an

powerful role in society.

Technology Technologies : Robots, Computers, Laptops, Mobile phones, Drones, Vehicules, Gadgets, Camera, Printer, Satellite.

Objectives : Industry, Research, Experiments Productivity,

Entertainment, Health care, Information and communication.

The application of scientific

knowledge for practical

purposes, like engeneering and industry.

Humour Humorist : a person who makes people laugh.

Joke : A short story that cause laughter.

Laughter : The reaction or result of humour.

Prank : To play a trick on someone.

Caricatures : Funny Cartoonic drawings .

The ability to make people

laugh through comedy, jokes,

pranks and caricatures.

Citizenship Citizens’ Rights: To live, To have a job, To have health care, To be safe,

To travel, To study, To practice leisures, To express opinion.

Citizens’ Duties : To obey the law, To pay taxes, To vote, To be tolerant, To respect the environment, To join community service.

A set of rights and duties

that a person has toward his

own community.

Brain drain Push Factors : Unemployment, Low education, Low salary, Poverty, inequality, Pollution, Lack of research, Lack of equipments.

Pull Factors : Employment, Better education, High income, Intellectual

freedom, Clean environment, Research facilities.

The immigration of experts and

skilled people to developed

countries in order to search for a better future.

Sustainable Development Social Development : Gender equality, Social justice, Better education,

Poverty elimination, Health care.

Environmental Development : Renewable energy, Nature preservation,

Recycling waste, Forestry, Biodiversity.

Economic Development: Equal opportunities, Fair distribution, Money investment, Micro-credits, Financial support.

An action plan tha aims at

achieving a better and

sustainable future for all

generations.

Inernational Organisations International Organisations : UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, FAO,

WTO, ICRC, TI, AI, OXFAM, MSF, Greenpeace.

Global Missions: Peace making, Financial support, Sustainable development, Health care, Regulations and diplomacy, Partnerships.

An organisation with global

membership or presence.

Stu

dy S

kil

ls

Word Collocations A combination of words that are commonly used together. Mobile phone / School subject / High school / Mother tongue

Compound Adjectives Adjectives that are made up of 2 words separated by a hyphen (-)

Five-star / Well-known / Old-fashioned / Open-minded / Short-sighted

Prefix & Suffix Prefix = Changes the Meaning Impossible / Unhappy / Discomfort

Suffix = Changes the Form Powerful / Communication / Happiness

L A N G U A G E F U N C T I O N S

R

eq

uest

Making request Accepting Refusing

Can you please…? Would you mind…? I’d appreciate it if you could…

May I use your…?

Sure Of course No problem

With pleasure

No, I can’t I am so sorry I am afraid I can’t

Negative

Request is to ask someone for a favour politely = طلب

Ap

olo

gy

Making aplogy Accepting Rejecting

I apologize for... I am so sorry for... Pardon me / Excuse me

Please, accept my apologies Please, forgive me

That's Ok/all right. Never mind / Don’t worry No harm done

It doesn't matter. Forget about it.

No way Not a chance I can’t forgive you

Fix it now Clean your mess!

Apology is to tell others that you are sorry about a regretful act. = إعتذار

Co

mp

lain

t Making complaint Accepting Declining

I have a complaint. I want to complain about.

Sorry to say this, but … I'm angry about...

I am terribly sorry. I apologise

Please, accept my apology. Sorry, it will not happen again.

It’s not my fault. Fix it

I am afraid there is nothing I can do.

Complaint is to express dissatisfaction about a certain service or behabiour. = شكاية

Cla

rifi

cati

on

Checking understanding Lack of understanding Asking for clarification Giving clarification

Do you understand?

Are you following? Is that clear?

Did you get it?

I did not understand

I am not following It’s not clear

I don’t get it

Can you explain?

Can you repeat? Can you be more

explicit?

Let me explain again

In other words… It is to say…

It means…

Clarification is To elaborate an idea and explain it using more examples. = توضيح

Op

inio

n

Asking for opinion Giving opinion Agreement Disagreement

What do you think?

What’s your opinion? How do you feel about..? Do you believe that ..?

In my opinion

For me In my point of view To my mind

I agree

That’s right I think so I share your idea

I disagree

That’s wrong I don’t think so Bad idea

Opinion is a personal point of view that can be agreed or disagreed. = رأي

Ad

vic

e

Asking for Advice Giving Advice Accepting Rejecting

Why don’t you …? What is your advice?

What should I do?

How about…?

You should / ought to I advise you to…

If I were you, I would..

You had better…

Nice idea Great advice!

Thanks for the advice.

Of course, why not!

Bad idea Sorry, that’s not

working

I already tried that

Advice is a useful information that we give someone to help him solve a problem. = نصيحة

New

s

Responding to Good news = أخبار سارة Responding to Bad news = أخبار سيئة

Great news / wonderful news! Wow! That amazing Nice! You deserve it.

Congratulations! I’m happy / glad to hear that.

Really? I can’t believe that!

Oh, dear! Poor you! That’s terrible news.

My goodness! I’m sorry to hear that.

I know how you must be feeling.

Good news result in a feeling of happiness whereas Bad news result in a feeling of Sadness.

Certainty = نــقيـي Uncertainty = كــش Regret = نــدم

I'm sure / certain I’m positive that...

Absolutely / Certainly I have no doubt about…

It’s obvious / clear that… I strongly believe that….

I'm not sure / not certain I have my own doubts.

I can't tell you for sure. I suppose / I doubt it

It’s probably / It’s likely I’m in two minds about …

I wish If only

It’s a pity What a pity

I deeply regret I am regretful

Certainty is being completely

confident or sure about something.

Uncertainty is when nothing

is decided or sure about.

Regret is a feeling of criticism

and disappointment about past.

E N G L I S H R E A D I N G

Homeless Children

In Morocco, a huge number of children are homeless. Thousands

of young girls from poor families are sent to work as maids in cities.

However, they are often ill-treated and exploited; which makes them

run away and live in the streets. Also, many young boys leave their

houses due to family problems and poverty. Some of them work hard

to earn some money and others survive by begging from rich people.

Street children live a difficult life; very often full of danger. Moroccan

associations like “Bayti” make considerable efforts to reintegrate these

homeless children into families and schools. Hassan is one of many

children who suffered difficult circumstances in the street.

Hassan left his home and school at the age of 12 to live on the street.

After his mother died, his father married another woman who did not like

Hassan to stay with them. Hassan’s stepmother was abominable. She

always made his father beat and insult him. Hassan knew that the street

was not a better place to live in, but he could not suffer from his father

beating him everyday. Nobody gave a hand to Hassan; he worked as a

porter in wholesale markets and sometimes he gained little money from

helping passengers at the train station where he met a generous old man.

The old man kindly took Hassan to “Bayti”. Hassan is very glad now

because he will no longer suffer homelessness.

Title : Homelessd children

Size of text : Medium

Number of paragraphs : 2

Guidelines : No guidelines

Bold words : They / She

Source : No source

Pictures : 2 pictures

Captions : Bayti

Surveying تطلاع |ـــإس

Look at size of the text, title, number

of paragraphs, guidelines, bold words,

source, pictures and captions. They

give you a clear idea about the text.

Relate all of this to your background

knowledge.

Co

mp

reh

en

sio

n Q

uest

ion

s | هم

لف :A. Skim through the text and choose the right answer ا

1. All children in Morocco live in the streets. 2. Homeless children in Morocco live a miserable life.

3. Street children gain their livelihood by begging.

Skimming ريعة |ـــسقـراءة

Read the text quickly in order to get a

general idea | تحديد الفكرة العبمت

B. Decide if these Statements are True or False? Justify! 1. Homeless children live happily in the streets.

2. Hassan left his home when he was young

C. Answer these Questions based on the text: 1. What does Bayti do for homeless children?

2. Why did Hassan leave his house?

D. Find the Synonyms of: 1. Conditions: ___________ 2. Despicable : ___________

E. Find the Reference of: 1. They : _______________ 2. She : _______________

Scanning قــراءة مــتــأنية|

Read again and slowly to look for

specific information. This includes;

1. True/False | أسئلت التعليل

2. Wh Questions | أسئلت مببشرة

3. Word Synonym مرادفبث |

4. Word Reference | الإحبلت النصيت

What : ماذا Who : : Why أين : Where متى : When من : How much لماذا : How long كم عدد ما المدة

E N G L I S H G R A M M A R

Verb Patterns = أنماط الفعل

Infinitive

(To + Verb)

Infinitive comes after verbs like : Agree – Want – Expect – Plan

Afford Manage Attemt – Fail - Learn – Promise – Need – Hope – Offer – Ask Prepare – Choose – Decide – Refuse – Pretend

Begin – Continue

Like – Love – Try Start – Prefer – Stop

Hate – Forget

Remember Gerund

(Verb + ing)

Gerund comes after verbs like : Admit – Avoid – Consider – Enjoy Finish – Mind - Regret – Suggest – Remember – Keep – Postpone

Recommend – Appreciate – Give up – Spend

Verb Tenses = ة الأفعالنأزم

Past perfect I had revised my lessons before I slept.

Subject + had + V3 (Past Participle)

An action that finished before another action or a specific time in the past.

Future perfect By December, I will have married.

Subject + will have + V3 (Past Participle)

An action that will be finished before a future deadline.

Conditional II If I had enough money, I would buy a car.

If + S + Simple past, S + would + Verb

Imaginary situations about the present

= Unreal present

Conditional III If I had revised well, I would have passed If + S + Past Perfect , S + would have + V3

Imaginary situations about the Past = Regret and criticism

Mo

dals

=

ل

عاأف

صةاقن

Present Modals Perfect Modals

You must study hard. Subject + Modal + Verb

It might have rained last night Subject + Modal + Have + V3

Present Modals are auxiliaries that express functions in the present or future. ( Must)

Perfect Modals express functions about past situations. ( Must have)

Modal auxiliaries can’t stand alone. They need a verb to complete their meaning. They are used to express functions like: Obligation, Certainty, Advice, Possibility, Ability, Request, Prohibition…

Modals : Will, Would, Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Have to, Need to, Shall, Should, Ought to

Phrasal verbs = الأفعال المركبة

Transitive = فعل متعدي Intransitive = فعل لازم Separable = مفصول Inseparable = ثابت

John put on the jacket My uncle passed away Adam Turn the TV on I came across a man

Phrasal verbs are often used in speaking to make language easy to understand. They usually need object.

Form = Verb + Particle (Particle = Preposition: Down - In - On - Off - For - Up - Away)

Passive voice = المبني للمجهول

Passive voice is used to focus on the verb and

the object of the sentence, not the subject.

Subject Ali played football Object

Simple past Be V3 Past participle

Object Football was played by Ali Subject

Reported Speech = الخطاب المنقول

Statements He said “I am happy today” He said that he was happy that day.

She said “I will send an email” She that she would send an email.

Questions Wh Qs She asked “Where do you live?” She asked me where I lived.

Yes/No Qs He asked “Do you speak French?” He asked me if I spoke French.

Imperatives He said “You must get out!” He ordered me to get out.

She said “You should visit a doctor” She advised me to visit a doctor.

Relative Pronouns = المتصلةالضمائر

Who/Whom Which Whose When Where Why

People Animals & Objects Possession Time Place Reason

Relative pronouns are used to introduce people, animals, objects, time, place and reason in the sentence.

They are used to introduce relative clauses; “Ahmed is the man who stole my money”

Present Wish = أمنية Past Regret = ندم

I wish I had a lot of money

I wish / If only + Subject + Simple Past

If only I had revised well for the exam

I wish / If only + Subject + Past Perfect (had+V3)

Wish is an imaginary situation about the Present. Regret is an imaginary situation about the Past.

E N G L I S H W R I T I N G

Pra

gra

ph

I love English for many reasons. First, it is fun and easy to

learn. Second, it helps me to understand movies and songs.

Third, it allows me to communicate with people from around

the world. Therefore, I think English is the best language.

Topic Sentence تهلال |ـإس

Supporting ideas يل | ـتفص

Concluding Sentence تتام | ـإخ

Email | بريد إلتكــروني Formal Letter | رســالت إداريــت From: …………..……..@............

To: …………..……..@............

Subject: …………..…………..

Dear…………...,

I’m sending this email to tell you about ……....…

……………………………………….………... ……..…………………………………..…………

Finally, I hope …………………..……………

See you soon,

First Name

[Sender’s Address] …………….

[Date] …………….

[Recipient’s Address] …………….

Dear Mr/Mrs …………., (or Dear Sir/Madame)

I am writing this letter to talk about ………....…

……………………..….….…………..…….… ……..……………………………………………..

I hope you can give my letter full consideration.

Yours sincerely (or faithfully),

Full Name

Descriptive Paragraph وصـــفية | فــقرة Narrative Paragraph | فــقرة ســـرديت

“Name” is my best friend. Physically, he looks

………....… and ……..….…. He has a …………..

hair and ………..…… face with …………….. eyes He usually wears …………… with some …………

My friend “Name” has a lot of personal qualities such as …………………….. Finally, I think he is a

good and respectful person.

Last weekend, I spent a beautiful time with my

friends. To begin with, we ………………………

and …………..….... Next, we………..…………. It was a sunny day, so we went ….….………....

and ……………… Later on, we ………………..

and …………….... . Therefore, it was a great day

that I enjoyed a lot.

Report | تقــرير نــشاط Film review | مــراجعت فيــلم [Title] ……..…………………….…

On (Date) there was a seminar in (Place) about

(Topic). The event was organized by (Organizers).

Nearly (%) people attended, including (Participants).

There were many activities like presentations,

workshops and discussion.

The event focused on three mains ideas. First, ……. …………. Second,……..…… Third, …………….

To conclude, I think that the seminar was fruitful and informative, because ………………….……..…....

[Title] ……..…………………….…

“Movie” is an (Nationality) film which is

directed by (Director) in (Year). The film is about

(Duration) minutes of a (Genre) The main actors are

(Names Of Actors).

The story of the film talks about …………..…….

.............................................................................

.............................................................................

To sum up, I think that the movie was very

………, and what I enjoyed most is ……….....…

Expository Essay | نـــص إخــباري Argumentative Essay | نـــص حجـــاجي [Title] ……..……………….…

“Topic” is one of the biggest problems that our

society suffers from. This problem has different causes

that lead to negative effects. There are many causes for this problem ……...…

.………………..…………….…..................……..

This problem can also have negative effects …..…

.………………..…………….…..................……..

To sum up, I think that ………….....................

[Title] ……..……………….…

Today, “Topic” has become a debatable topic.

“Thesis”. Despite its benefits, there are some risks.

There are many reasons why “Topic” is useful. ……………………………………………………

In contrast, “Topic” can have many drawbacks. ………………………..........................................

All in all, there is too much controversy about

“Topic”. I personally think that …………………..

Lin

kin

g w

ord

s Addition + Contrast ≠ Cause Effect Purpose Conclusion Order

Moreover In addition

Furthermore

Besides

What’s more

In contrast But - Yet

however

Nevertheless

otherwise

Because Due to

because of

Caused by

For - Since

So - Thus As a result

consequently

therefore

that’s why

To for

In order to

so as to

so that

In brief Finally

To conclude

To sum up

All in all

First Next

Last

Then

Later on

Good Luck

Thank You!