c entre for t ime u se r esearch overview of the multinational time use study kimberly fisher...
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Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Overview of the
Multinational Time Use
StudyKimberly FisherCentre for Time Use ResearchInternational Association for
Time Use [email protected]
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Why Archive Diaries?• Rich data, long shelf life
• Civic exchange – make most of participants´ time / tax funding by reuse• Many lessons improving data learned from archiving• People better understand value of diaries if see uses – more use, more response
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
What is MTUS?• Most comprehensive
harmonised time use data• Cross-time, 1960s to 2010s• Cross-national – 21 (soon
24) countries: (Europe, North America, Africa, & soon Asia)• Created by Jonathan Gershuny in 1980s, still expanding
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Added Value in MTUS• Harmonised activity,
location, mode of transport, demographic • Full-diary processing, making full use of:
• narrative quality of diaries• all code information
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Full Use of Diary8:00-8:30 indoor cleaning + talk to childhome8:30-8:40 walk8:40-9:10 train9:10-9:15 walk9:15-13:30 paid work main job office13:30-14:30 restaurantother14:30-14:45 walk14:45-15:00 chat to friend other15:00-17:30 university
lab courseother
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Lessons from MTUS
• Many problems MTUS corrects possible now due to technological advances• Important to build narrative quality of diaries into coding process
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Added Value in MTUS
• Full-diary processing, increases use of diaries from people with impairments or low-levels of education• Weights remove low-quality diaries
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Low-Quality Diaries• missing 91+ minutes
• many gaps & give up patterns
• missing age, sex, day• < 7 episodes• missing 2+ domains
• sleep or rest• eat or drink• personal care• travel or exercise
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
• Some diaries defined as low-quality in MTUS included in previously published research• Some diaries excluded in previously published research on account of missing too much time counted as good quality diaries in MTUS
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
MTUS Activity Categories
• Originally ad hoc collection of 41 acts for best fit to UK data for a number of surveys (AV)• New 69 categories condense HETUS, while retaining some coss-domain features of AV (work at home, eat out in cafe)• More codes for domestic production than for paid work
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
MTUS Activity Lessons• Concentrate on what
people do most days• Add detail to broad domains
• degree of physical activity• exposure• whether using ICTs• alone or with others• resource use during activity• whether generates income• happiness and utility
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
MTUS Activity Lessons• Structured code
allowing respondent input better than hundreds of categories or highly restricted and fixed categories• Respondent input picks up detail like informal voluntary assistance to others
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Summary Versions
• Each row case represents 1 diary• Summary time main activity only• All background variables• Version 5.53
• All diaries in the survey• 41 category time use variables
• Version 5.8• Separate adult (age 18+) & child files• 41 (AV) and 69 (Main) category time use variables• Total minutes with spouse / partner
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Episode Version• Identifiers, diary variables, age, sex only – used to extract variables to match into summary files• Main activity (AV 41 and Main 69)• Secondary activity (69 categories)• Location (Inside/outside, where)• Mode of transport• Whether ICTs used• 0/1 markers for alone, with child, with spouse, with other adult• Separate adult (18+) and child files (<18)
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Episode Coverage• Austria 1992 (2008-09 coming)• Australia 1974 (1987, 1992, 1997, 2006 coming)• Finland (1979, 1987, 1999 coming)• France 1998-99 (1966, 1974-75, 1986, 2009-10 coming)• Israel 1991-92• Netherlands 1975, 1980, 2000, 2005 (1985, 1990, 1995 coming)• Spain 2002-03 (2009-10 coming)• UK 1974-75, 1995, 2000-01, 2005 (1961, 1983-87 coming)• USA 1965-66, 1975-76, 1985, 1992-95, 2003-09
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Other Countries
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Uses of MTUS• Adult care (valuation, time cost, who performs care but does not identify as a carer)
• Child care (valuation, trends, participation of fathers, balance of physical/interactive care)
• Education (patterns of homework, parental involvement in children’s education)
• Environment (transport modes, time at home/inside in heat or cold)
• Leisure (trends, physical activity, quality)
• Paid work (hours of work, scheduling)
• Sleep (hours per week, deprivation, trends)
• Unpaid work (women’s total economic contribution, hours, trends, sharing in households)
• Volunteering (valuation, trends)
• Work-life Balance
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
New Uses of MTUS
• Training, to build time use research capacity in developing countries• Counter-factual research using limited enjoyment data – estimating how people in a country might feel if they adopted the daily patterns of people in other countries• Understanding how changing daily activity patterns may relate to changes in stress levels and health
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Wind-Down on Work Daysselecting for completed work days
Paid work 1+ hours
Asleep or activities that follow sleep
Asleep or activities that precede sleep
0 – 1 variable for no wind down, 1 means
- No free time on work day- Last episode of paid work after last episode of free time
% of diarists in the USA with no free time or paid work after last episode of free time on a completed work cycle diary day
10.58.4
6.86.9
3.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1965-66 1975-76 1985 1992-94 2003
Centre for
Time
Use
Research
www.timeuse.org
Multinational Time Use
Studywww.timeuse.org/
mtus
International Association for Time Use Research - IATUR- e-mail list with time use information- Electronic International Journal eIJTUR- annual conferences
-1-3 August 2011 Oxford, UK- September 2012 Tokyo Japan- September 2013 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil