c ell a nalysis · pk-ca724-xxx-hts* *each kit version is available with four different fluorescent...
TRANSCRIPT
Cell AnAlysis
Tools for Functional Cellular Research & Drug Discovery
Your PromoCell brand for biomedical research.
Cell AnAlysis2
Content
Cell Health & ViabilityCell Viability & Proliferation Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Cell Cycle & Senescence Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Cytotoxicity Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Cell Staining & Fluorescent LabelingLive/Dead Cell Staining Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cell Staining Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fluorescent Labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Intracellular Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Drug Discovery / ADMEADME Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Liver Metabolism and Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Liver Function Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Renal Clearance & Function Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Drug/Metabolite Transporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Inhibitor/Drug Screening Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Oxidative Stress & Cell DamageGlutathione Metabolism Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Other Anti-Oxidant/Anti-Aging Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Nitrite & Nitric Oxide Metabolism Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Oxidase/Peroxidase Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11DNA Damage Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Additional Assays for Studying Cell Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Aging & EpigeneticsAnti-Aging Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Epigenetics Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Cell MetabolismCarbohydrate & Energy Metabolism Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Carbohydrate/Glucose Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Glycolysis Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) Pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Lactate Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Cellular Energy Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Lipid & Lipoprotein/Cholesterol Metabolism Assays . . . . . . . . . 14Lipid/Phospholipid Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Triglyceride & Fatty Acid Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Lipoprotein & Cholesterol Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Lipogenesis, Lipolysis & Adipogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Alcohol/Glycerol Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Additional Assays for Metabolic Diseases Research . . . . . . . . . . 15Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Human Primary Cell Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3D Cell Culture
3D Cell Culture Matrices & Scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3D Cell Culture Viability Assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3D Cell Culture Harvesting Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cell Model Systems Angiogenesis Assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Cell Migration/Chemotaxis & Cell Invasion Assays . . . . . . . . . . 19
Phagocytosis & Cell SignalingPhagocytosis Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Cell Signaling Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ApoptosisAnnexin V Detection Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Caspase Detection & Activity Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Anoikis Assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Cathepsin, Calpain & Granzyme B Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Apoptotic and Necrotic Cell Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Protein Kinase Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Apoptotic Cell Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Apoptosis Inducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Glutathione Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Additional Tools for Apoptosis Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Cell Fractionation/Protein ExtractionCell Fractionation & Protein Extraction Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Cell AnAlysis 3
Cell HealtH & Viability
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Fluorometric Cell Viability Kit I (Resazurin)
500 assays2500 assays10000 assays
PK-CA707-30025-0PK-CA707-30025-1PK-CA707-30025-2
Fluorometric Cell Viability Kit II (Calcein)
1000 assays PK-CA707-30026
Colorimetric Cell Viability Kit I (WST-8)
100 assays500 assays2500 assays
PK-CA705-CK04-100PK-CA705-CK04
PK-CA705-CK04-2500
Colorimetric Cell Viability Kit II (WST-1)
500 assays2500 assays
PK-CA577-K304-500PK-CA577-K304-2500
Colorimetric Cell Viability Kit III (XTT)
200 assays1000 assays
PK-CA20-300-200PK-CA20-300-1000
Colorimetric Cell Viability Kit IV (MTT)
200 assays1000 assays
PK-CA707-30006-200PK-CA707-30006
Bioluminescent Cell Viability Kit I (ATP)
200 assays1000 assays
PK-CA577-K254-200PK-CA577-K254-1000
Bioluminescent Cell Viability Kit II (ADP/ATP)
200 assays PK-CA577-K255
Cell Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K543
Cell Proliferation/Cytotoxicity Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K307
3D Cell Culture Viability Assay Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K948
Cell Proliferation Kit I (CFSE) 10 x 50 µg PK-CA707-30050
Cell Proliferation Kit II (BrdU) 200 assays PK-CA577-K306-200
Cell Proliferation Assay Kit III (EdU); with variants for FM, FC, and HTS assays
50 assays100 assays100 assays200 assays
PK-CA724-XXX-FC-50* PK-CA724-XXX-FC-100*
PK-CA724-XXX-FM* PK-CA724-XXX-HTS*
*Each kit version is available with four different fluorescent labels (XXX = 488, 555, 594, or 647) to enable good compatibility and flexibility with other labeling/staining approaches . FM = fluorescence microscopy; FC = flow cytometry; HTS = multiwell plate reader compatible . For more information, please visit our website .
Cell Viability & Proliferation Assays
PromoCell supplies a range of Cell Viability and Proliferation Assays for conveniently, sensitively and reliably determining cell vitality/cell health . In combination with our Cytotoxicity Assays, they are very useful for studying the influence of chemical and physical effectors on cell metabolism, growth and survival, e .g . in basic cellular analysis but also for identifying and developing new therapeutic agents/drugs .
Products Colorimetric Viability Assays: MTT, XTT, WST-1, WST-8 Fluorometric Viability Assays: Calcein-AM & Resazurin Bioluminescent Viability Assays: ATP & ADP/ATP Colorimetric Proliferation Assays: BrdU Fluorometric Proliferation Assays: CFSE, EdU, Nuclear Dye
Applications Cell viability/proliferation and toxicity studies Cell number determination
Features Non-radioactive, highly sensitive and robust cell-based assays Detection and quantification using a spectrophotometer,
fluorometer, luminometer, or flow cytometry Most assays are appropriate for various multiwell formats and
automation and suited for multiplexing options
Cell Cycle & Senescence Assays
The PromoCell Senescence Detection Kits have been designed to detect a specific senescence marker (SA-ß-Gal activity) either histo-chemically in cultured cells and tissue sections (Senescence Detection
Kit I) or fluorometrically in adherent and suspension cells by a simple one-step protocol using flow cytometry (Senescence Detection Kit II) . The specific marker is only present in senescent cells and not found in presenescent, quiescent, or immortal cells . PromoCell‘s Cell Cycle Analysis Kit provides a quick and easy met-hod to detect the number of cells present in a specific stage of the cell cycle . The kit uses a nuclear dye, which binds to nucleic acids in the cell and produces a fluorescent signal proportional to the cellular DNA content . The percentages of cells in different phases of the cell cycle (G0/G1, S, and G2/M) can be quantified by flow cytometry .
Applications
Histochemical detection of senescent cells Cell senescence, cell cycle and oncology studies Screening compounds that affect cell growth and division
Features
High sensitivity and specificity Easy and convenient to use Reproducible determination by flow cytometry or
histochemical methods
For more information, please visit our website .
WST-8slightly yellow
WST-8 Formazanorange dye
1-Methoxy PMS
Dehydrogenase
NADH, NADPH
NAD, NADP
Viable cell
Assay mechanism of WST-8 conversion by dehydrogenases in viable cells . Unlike to MTT and MTS for example, WST-8 is converted extracellularly and does not compromise cell health even after an incubation time of 24-48 hours . Moreover, substrate and formazan end product can be simply removed and cells used for other assays (multiplexing options) .
Senescence Detection Kit I 250 assays PK-CA577-K320
Senescence Detection Kit II 100 assays PK-CA577-K991
Cell Cycle Analysis Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K920
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Cell AnAlysis4
Cell HealtH & Viability
LDH Cytotoxicity Kit I (fluormetric) 500 assays PK-CA577-K314
LDH Cytotoxicity Kit II (colormetric) 500 assays PK-CA577-K313
AK Cytotoxicity Kit (bioluminometric)
500 assays PK-CA577-K312
Crystal Violet Cytotoxicity Assay Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K329
Neutral Red Cytotoxicity Assay Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K447
Cell Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K543
Cell Proliferation/Cytotoxicity Kit 1000 assays PK-CA577-K307
Sulforhodamine B Cytotoxicity Assay Kit
1000 assays PK-CA577-K943
ACP Cytotoxicity Assay Kit 500 assays PK-CA577-K937
Autophagy/Cytotoxicity Dual Staining Kit
50 assays PK-CA577-K449
Lysosomal Cytotoxicity Dual Staining Kit
50 assays PK-CA577-K458
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Cytotoxicity Assays PromoCell provides a selection of assa ys for colorimetric, fluorometric or bio luminescent determination of cytotoxic effects caused e .g . by compounds tested as drug candidates . The assays are sen sitive, simp-le, reliable and fast, and are suitable for high-throughput screening in a mul tiwell format .The assays take different approaches (metabolic and non-metabo-lic markers) to determine the amount/ratio of viable and dead cells in a population . In combination with our Cell Viability & Prolife-
ration Assays as well as our Live/Dead Cell Staining & Apoptosis
Assays (see pages pages 3, 4 and 20-24), they provide reliable, quantitative results that are important for assessing changes in cellular viability as a result of internal or external effectors influencing cell health .
Products LDH Cytotoxicity Kit I (fluorometric) Cell Proliferation/Cytotoxicity Kit II (fluorometric)
AK Cytotoxicity Kit (bioluminometric)
LDH Cytotoxicity Kit II (colorimetric) Crystal Violet Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (colorimetric) Neutral Red Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (colorimetric) Sulforhodamine B Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (colorimetric) Cell Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (colorimetric) ACP Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (colorimetric)
Autophagy/Cytotoxicity Dual Staining Kit (fluorometric) Lysosomal Cytotoxicity Dual Staining Kit (fluorometric)
Modes of different cytotoxicity/viability assay mechanisms .
Applications Detection of cytotoxic effects and compounds Determination of cell viability and cell death Chemosensitivity testing Drug toxicity testing and toxicology screening
Acid Phosphatase (ACP)- Lysosomal activity
Neutral Red- Lysosomal activity- Membrane permeability
LDH, AK- Membrane permeability
Sulforhodamine B, CFSE- Cell proliferation- Total protein synthesis rate
Crystal Violet, Fluorescent Nuclear Dye, EdU- Cell proliferation- DNA
MTT, XTT, WST, Resazurin- General mitochondrial metabolism- Respiratory toxicity
Glucose- General physiological cell state- Glucose consumption
Calcein-AM- Active cytosolic esterases
For more information, please visit our website .
LDHLDH
LDH
LDH
LDH
LDH
LDHLDH
LDH LDH
LDHLDH
Pyruvate Lactate
NADH NAD+
Formazan/Resorufin
WST/Resazurin
Electronmediator
DamagedCell
Principle of the LDH Cytotoxicity Assay .
Features Highly sensitive, robust cell-based assays Detection and quantification using photometer, fluorometer or
luminometer (plate reader assays), or flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope/cell counter (staining kits) Compatible with multiwell formats and automation, and suited
for multiplexing options Suited for adherent and suspension cell cultures
Cell AnAlysis 5
Cell Staining & FluoreSCent labeling
Cell Staining Reagents
PromoCell provides a wide range of high-quality fluorescent dyes and kits for staining different cell organelles and structures as well as for determining cellular processes: Nucleus Stains; e .g . 7-AAD, AO, DAPI, PI, Hoechst 33342 &
Hoechst 33258, DMAO, Ethidium Homodimer, EB, PMA Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Stains;
e .g . MitoBlue, MitoGreen, MitoRed, TMRE, TMRM, NAO, DASPEI, DODC, JC-1, Rhodamine 123, DiOC6(3) Viable, Necrotic & Apoptotic Stains; e .g . Calcein AM,
BCECF AM, CFSE, Hoechst, DMAO, Annexin V-conjugates Cytoplasmic Membrane Staining Kits & Dyes; e .g . DiA, DiB,
Blue, Green, Orange & Red Membrane Staining Kits Lipid Stains; e .g . Lipid Staining Kit (Oil Red O), FatRed, Nile Red Lipophilic Carbocyanine Dyes; e .g . DiD, Dil, DiO, DiOC, DiR,
DiSC2(5), DODC Phospholipid Membrane Probes; e .g . DHPE conjugated to biotin,
fluorescein, NBD, rhodamine, Texas Red & TRITC Nerve Terminal Staining Kits (green & red-fluorescent staining) Nerve Terminal Probes & Related Reagents; e .g . SynapseGreen &
SynapseRed, SGC3 & SCG5, AM1-43, AM2-10, AM3-25, AM4-65, HM1-43 as well as a-bungarotoxin-conjugates Membrane Potential Sensitive Dyes; e .g . Di-2-ANEPEQ, Di-8 &
Di-12-ANEPPQ, Di-4 & Di-8-ANEPPS, RH237, RH414, RH421, DiBAC4(3), DiOC, DiLC, DiSC Cytosolic Tracers & Related Products; e .g . Calcein AM, 6-TAMRA,
Biocytin-Hydrazide, Biotin-4-Fluorescein, Biotin-Rhodamine 110, DPX, Hydroxystilbimadine, Lucifer Yellow PromoFluor-Phalloidin Conjugates; available with almost all
PromoFluor dyes as well as Rhodamine-110, Sulforhodamine-101 & biotin For more information, please visit our website .
Applications Staining of viable and dead cells Detection of cellular structures and processes
Features High quality at very competitive prices Suited e .g . for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry
Fluorescent cell labeling of multiple cell com-ponents . For example, labeling of cytoskele-ton using PromoFluor Phalloidin-conjugates .
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Live/Dead Cell Staining Assays
PromoCell supplies several fluorometric staining kits for easy, sensiti-ve determination of cell viability/vitality and cytotoxicity using flow cytometry, microscopy, or microwell plate formats . Our Live/Dead Fixable Staining Kits permit discrimination between live and dead cells using extremely stable dyes that allow the cells to be fixed and permeabilized without loss of fluorescence or dye trans-fer between cells .
Applications Monitoring and counting of viable and dead cells Cytotoxicity studies
Features Simultaneous monitoring of viable and dead cells High stability and fluorescence intensities Cell-based assays with fast and convenient protocols Detection and quantification by fluorescence microscopy, flow
cytometry and fluorescence-compatible cell counters Excitation and emission spectra are compatible with
common excitation sources and filter sets
Live/Dead Cell Staining Kit I (CFSE/7-AAD)
500 assays PK-CA577-K315
Live/Dead Cell Staining Kit II (Calcein-AM/EthD-III)
300 –1000 assays PK-CA707-30002
Live/Dead Fixable Staining Kits 200 assays PK-CA707-3200X*
Cell Death Assay Kit (MPTP) 100 assays PK-CA577-K239
Bacteria Live/Dead Staining Kit 100–1000 assays PK-CA707-30027
Autophagy/Cytotoxicity Dual Staining Kit
50 assays PK-CA577-K449
Lysosomal Cytotoxicity Dual Staining Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K458
Apoptotic/Necrotic Cells Detection Kit 50 assays PK-CA707-30017
Apoptotic/Necrotic/Healthy Cells Detection Kit
50 assays PK-CA707-30018
*Eight kits (X = 2 – 9) with different excitation/emission maxima are available (350/448 nm, 405/452 nm, 405/545 nm, 488/515 nm, 568/583 nm, 594/614 nm, 640/662 nm, 750/777 nm) . For more information, please visit our website .
Note: Live and dead (necrotic) cell stains as well as stains for apoptotic cells are also available separately (see next section) .
Differentiating between live and dead cells . Double staining of viable (green) and dead (red) cells using the PromoCell Live/Dead Cell Staining Kit II .
Cell AnAlysis6
Cell Staining & FluoreSCent labeling
Fluorescent Labeling
PromoCell also carries a wide range of Reactive Fluorescent Dyes for labeling of proteins/peptides, antibodies and nucleic acids . They exhibit excellent fluorescence intensity, high water-solubility and very good stability .
Our PromoFluor Dyes are available in different modifications (NHS es-ters, maleimides, carboxylic acids and amino-modified), as components of ready-to-use Protein/Antibody or DNA/RNA Labeling Kits and as Fluorescent Conjugates with biotin, phalloidin and dUTPs/UTPs .
Our NIR dyes are next-generation long-wavelength dyes featuring im-portant advantages over conventional visible light dyes, such as enhan-ced sensitivity, higher signal-to-noise ratios and strong tissue penetration .
PromoCell‘s specifically designed LSS Dyes have an exceptional large Stokes shift, which inhibits quenching and makes them ideally suited for multicolor labeling and fluorescence microscopy/flow cytometry applications .
For more information, please visit our website .
Name Max . absorption [nm] Max . emission [nm]
PromoFluor 350P 338 436
PromoFluor 405 400 420
PromoFluor 415 418 467
PromoFluor-488P 490 516
PromoFluor 505 505 530
PromoFluor 532 539 561
PromoFluor 546 551 572
PromoFluor 555P 557 571
PromoFluor 568 580 598
PromoFluor 594 594 615
PromoFluor 633P 635 658
PromoFluor 647P 654 672
Near Infrared (NIR) Dyes
PromoFluor 670 673 694
PromoFluor 680 690 709
PromoFluor 700P 706 731
PromoFluor 750 748 772
PromoFluor 770 769 796
PromoFluor 780 783 800
PromoFluor 840 844 -
PromoFluor 865 863 896
Intracellular Indicators
In the recent past, many different fluorescent indicators have been developed for measuring intracellular ion concentrations, allowing us to visualize signaling events within a cell in real time and space . Fluorescent calcium indicators are important intracellular signaling molecules and of particular interest because of the essential role of calcium ions in various cellular processes such as contraction, synap-tic plasticity, secretion, immunity, development, differentiation, and gene activation .Other indicators for pH and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) determi-nation as well as for zinc, iron, magnesium, heavy metal and chloride ion detection are also available .
Currently available intracellular indicators: Fluorescent & Luminescent Calcium Indicators; e .g . Fura-2,
Fluo-3, Fluo-4, Indo-1, Rhod-2, Rhod-590 Non-fluorescent Calcium Chelators; e .g . Bapta AM, DMNP-EDTA Zinc & Magnesium Indicators; e .g . Furaptra AM, Zinquin Heavy Metal Ion Indicators; e .g . TPEN pH Indicators; e .g . 5-CFDA, BCECF, 6-FAM, Flubida-2 Chloride Ion Indicators; e .g . MQAE, SPQ ROS Indicators; e .g . H2DCFDA (H2-DCF)
Applications Studying intracellular signaling pathways Monitoring signal transduction Neuroscience and cardiovascular research
Features High quality at very competitive prices Thoroughly tested and highly sensitive
For more information and order numbers/prices, please visit our website .
Name Max . absorption [nm] Max . emission [nm]
PromoFluor 350LSS 349 610
PromoFluor 370LSS 368 473
PromoFluor 375LSS 376 543
PromoFluor 380LSS 381 510
PromoFluor 395LSS 396 572
PromoFluor 488LSS 485 560
PromoFluor 500LSS 500 630
PromoFluor 510LSS 509 590
PromoFluor 514LSS 515 650
PromoFluor 520LSS 520 664
Our PromoFluor dyes span the whole visible and near-infrared light
spectrum . They are excellent alternatives to many commonly used fluorophores such as FITC, TRITC, Alexa Fluor® or Cy® .
We supply two groups of PromoFluor LSS dyes that can be excited
by one light source each, but show different emission maxima .
Cell AnAlysis 7
Drug DiSCoVery / aDMe
ADME Assays Distinct cell-based and enzymatic assays must be used to evaluate the ADME-Tox properties of compounds (bioavailability and toxicity of drug candidates) early in the drug discovery process to meet regulatory requirements and to ensure suitability for further developmental steps, while other assays are used to study the efficacy of a drug candidate for curing a particular malfunction .PromoCell provides a wide choice of products/assays that are essential in drug screening/development and testing .
Products
Liver Metabolism & Clearance Assays Liver Function Marker Assays Renal Clearance & Function Marker Assays Drug/Metabolite Transporter Assays
ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism & Excretion of drugs .
Liver Metabolism and Clearance
The liver is the main site of metabolism clearance . Most drugs are cleared there by CYP proteins that cause Phase I biotransformation reactions . The most common mechanism underlying drug-drug inter-actions is the inhibition of cytochrome P450 activities . Of the family of CYP proteins, CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 and CYP4 are the most import-ant in terms of drug biotranformations .
Applications
Measurement of CYP450 and CYP450 Reductase activity in mammalian samples Screening for inhibitors of CYP450 enzymes
Features
Highly sensitive and reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient and fast assays Suited for high-throughput colorimetric or fluorometric
measurement using a multiwell plate reader format Activity assays are applicable to biological samples such as
liver tissue and microsomes, cultured cells, serum and plasma
drug (or xenobiotics)
transporters
transporters
free drug
protein bound drug
excreted drug and metabolites
unchanged drug or metabolites
free drug + protein bound drug
free drug
carrier/protein
free drug
metabolites
enzyme
tissue/organ
liverkidney
circulation Absorption
Metabolism
Dis
trib
utio
nEl
imin
atio
n
PromoCell’s Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Activity Assay Kits permit rap-id, convenient and sensitive fluorometric measurement of native or recombinant CYP activity in biological samples such as liver micro-somes and tissue or hepatic cells with a high signal-to-background ratio and little interference from autofluorescence .
Our Cytochrome P450 Reductase (CPR) Activity Assay Kit accurately and sensitively measures CPR activity in biological samples such as liver microsomes and tissue or hepatic cells using an aborbance mul-tiwell plate reader .
PromoCell’s Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Screening Kits permit rapid screening of drugs and other new chemical entities (NCEs) for com-pound-CYP interaction in a reliable, high-throughput assay . The kits include a yeast microsomal preparation of human CYP and CPR en-zymes, and the assays use a non-fluorescent CYP substrate that is converted into a highly fluorescent metabolite, thus ensuring a high signal-to-background ratio with little interference from autofluores-cence .
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) that catalyze oxidative deamination of a large number of biogenic and xenobiotic monoamines are, in addition to the CYP450 enzymes, the most important Phase I bio-transformation enzymes . MAO assays are therefore a common tool used in drug development, and MAOs are also targeted by a number of inhibitor drug candidates . PromoCell’s Monoamine Oxidase Activity Assay Kit provides a sensi-tive fluorometric assay for separately detecting both total monoamine oxidase activity and MAO-A and MAO-B isoenzyme activity in vari-ous biologicals samples such as tissues, serum and plasma .Our MAO-A and MAO-B Inhibitor Screening Kits provide a rapid, simple, sensitive and reliable fluorometric test that is suitable for high-throughput screening of MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors .
Uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are responsible for the vast majority of Phase II biotransformation reactions . PromoCell’s UGT Activity Assay/Ligand Screening Kit permits fast measurement of native or recombinant UGT activity in biological samples such as liver tissue and microsomes or cultured hepatic cells, and can also be used to assess the effects of drugs and other novel compounds on UGT activity .
Other CYPs
CYP1A2
CYP2C*
CYP2D6
CYP3A4
Contributions of specific P450s to drug metabolism .*Multiple subfamily members exist
Cell AnAlysis8
Drug DiSCoVery / aDMe
Cytochrome P450 Reductase (CPR) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K700
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Activity Assay Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K701
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Inhibitor Screening Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K702
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Activity Assay Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K703
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Inhibitor Screening Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K704
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K848
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K849
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K893
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K894
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K895
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K896
Aromatase (CYP19A) Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K983
Aromatase (CYP19A) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K984
Monoamine Oxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K795
Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K796
Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K797
UGT Activity Assay / Ligand Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K692
Microsome Isolation Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K249
For more information and an up-to-date list of kits for drug screening/ testing, please visit our website .
More cell metabolism assays as well as kits for drug screening and testing and for determining cell viability and proliferation, (drug) cytotoxicity/toxicology and necrosis/apoptosis can be found on pages 3 – 5 and 20 – 24 and at our website .
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Liver Function Markers
Liver function tests measure various liver enzymes and other nonen-zymatic proteins and metabolites of liver metabolism . They provide useful information about liver dysfunction/disorders and damages, and are often used in clinical practice as well as for developing thera-peutics and monitoring of medications . The hepatic function markers include albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and hepatic steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) .PromoCell‘s kits for determining these liver markers contain highly sensitive, convenient and high-throughput adaptable assays for co-lorimetric or fluorometric measurement using multiwell plate readers .
Applications
Measurement of clinically relevant liver markers Screening for inhibitors with therapeutic potential
Features
Highly sensitive colorimetric or fluorometric measurement using a multiwell plate reader format Ready-to-use, convenient and fast high-throughput assays Usable on a range of biological samples such as cell and tissue
extracts, cell culture supernatant, plasma, and serum
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K784
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K785
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit I 500 assays PK-CA577-K412
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit II 500 assays PK-CA577-K422
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K753
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K752
Bilirubin (Total & Direct) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K553
Albumin Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K554
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
500 assays PK-CA577-K726
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit I (fluorometric)
500 assays PK-CA577-K730
Lactate Dehydrogenase A Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K492
Hepatic Steatosis Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K584
NAFLD Detection Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K489
Renal Clearance & Function Markers
There are three main sites in the body where drugs are cleared: the kidneys, liver and lungs . Of these, the kidneys play the most import-ant role in excreting products . Consequently, the clearance of many drugs is considered to be equal to the renal excretion ability, i .e . the rate at which the kidneys can clear substances (e .g . drug metabolites) from the blood .
Microsomal preparations are an affordable and convenient in vitro system for assessing Phase I biotransformation reactions, since they contain all of the xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP isozymes and mem-brane-bound flavoenzymes required for the multicomponent P450 enzyme system to function . Microsomes isolated from liver tissue are therefore used extensively in pharmaceutical research and environ-mental science to study how drugs, organic pollutants and other xe-nobiotic compounds are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme superfamily .PromoCell’s Microsome Isolation Kit makes it possible to extract active microsomes in about an hour without the need for ultracen-trifugation or sucrose gradient fractionation . The kit includes enough reagents for simple and convenient procedures, isolating microsomes from about 25 grams of tissue or cultured cells .
Cell AnAlysis 9
Drug DiSCoVery / aDMe
Drug/Metabolite Transporters
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, Multidrug Resistance Protein 1, MDR1) is an ABC transporter that strongly affects the oral absorption, tissue distri-bution and excretion of many drugs . Overexpression of P-gp makes tumor cells resistant to a range of chemically and pharmacologically distinct chemotherapeutic drugs . Our MDR1/P-gp Ligand Screening Kit is designed for rapidly scree-ning test compounds for modulating efflux transporter activity in MDR1-expressing cells . This highly sensitive, fluorometric assay has a simple no-wash protocol and is adaptable for high throughput .
Applications
Detection and quantification of pharmacologically relevant transporter activity Screening test compounds for modulation of efflux transporter
activity
Features
Highly sensitive and reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient and fast assays Suited for high-throughput fluorometric measurement using
multiwell plate reader format
Creatinine is produced and excreted at a constant rate . Blood creatini-ne is therefore commonly used to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and creatinine clearance is a common means of standar-dizing the excretion of other compounds (e .g . drugs that are primarily excreted via urine) .Inulin clearance is an alternative method for determin ing the filtering capacity of the glomeruli .
Renal excretion/clearance significantly contributes to the overall elimination of a drug .
Applications
Detecting/quantifying pharmacologically relevant renal markers Determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Standardizing excretion of other substances/drug metabolites
Features
Highly sensitive and reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient and fast high-throughput assays Colorimetric or fluorometric measurement using a multiwell plate
reader format Applicable to a range of different biological samples such as cell
and tissue extracts, plasma, serum, and urine
The PromoCell Creatinine Assay Kit provides an accurate, convenient colorimetric and fluorometric method of measuring creatinine con-centrations in various biological fluids such as serum, urine and CSF .
PromoCell’s Inulin Assay Kit permits highly sensitive determination of inulin in biological fluids such as serum, utilizing an enzymatic mecha-nism that creates fluorescence whose brightness is proportional to the amount of inulin present in the sample .
Our Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Assay Kit provides a simp-le, sensitive, and high-throughput adaptable assay for detecting al-bumin, creatinine and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio, with a wide detection range .
Renal function markers play an important role e .g . in diagnosis and monitoring of renal disfunctions or diseases that are often also asso-ciated with other common disorders (e .g . diabetes or hypertension) .PromoCell provides a range of convenient and high-throughput adaptable colorimetric and fluorometric assays for determining β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), Urea, Uric Acid, and Albumin/Albuminuria in different biological samples .
Conjugated drug (unchanged)
Urine
Conjugated metabolite
Kidney
Conjugated drug(unchanged)
Conjugated metabolite
Urine
InhibitorDrug
P-glycoprotein
ATPATP
ADPADP
For more information, please visit our website .
MDR1/P-gp Ligand Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K507
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K551
Inulin Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K737
Creatinine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K625
β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K733
Urea Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K375
Uric Acid Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K608
Albumin/Albuminuria Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K550
Principle of P-gp/MDR1 transporter inhibition .
Cell AnAlysis10
Drug DiSCoVery / aDMe
Inhibitor/Drug Screening Assays High-throughput screening is an efficient way to rapidly identify pro-mising new compounds that have potential as therapeutic drugs . PromoCell supplies a wide range of assays developed for a sensitive, convenient and reliable screening of inhibitors for enzymatic reactions of distinct metabolic processes that play a crucial role in many disease patterns such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity as well as cardiovascu-lar, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative disorders .
Applications
Rapid, high-throughput screening for inhibitors/ligands of pharmacologically relevant targets Studying/characterizing potential drug candidates
Features
Highly sensitive, reproducible and accurate measurement Ready-to-use, convenient and fast high-throughput assays Colorimetric or fluorometric measurement using a multiwell plate
reader format
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Other Pharmacologically Relevant Screening Assays
ACE1 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K228
ACE2 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K310
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K197
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA1) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K993
AHCY Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K326
Arginase I (ARG1) Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K567
CETP Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K594
Collagenase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K833
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K548
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K547
Cystathionine β Synthase Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K695
DPP4 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K780
Enolase-alpha Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K526
Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K480
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K225
a-Glucosidase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K938
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K440
HMG-CoA Reductase Activity/Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K588
Human Hexokinase (HK) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K713
IDH1 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K493
IMPDH Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K495
Lactate Dehydrogenase A Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K492
5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K980
Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K474
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Inhibitor Screening Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K746
Neprilysin Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K996
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K208
PAF Acetylhydrolase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K766
Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K989
PLTP Inhibitor Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K605
PPARγ Ligand Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K437
Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K840
Renin Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K799
β-Secretase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K720
TACE Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K366
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K535
Transglutaminase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K508
Tyrosinase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K575
Product Name Size Catalog Number
HDAC, Sirtuin & pCAF Inhibitor Screening Kits see also page 12
HDAC-3 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K363
HDAC-6 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K465
HDAC-8 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K368
SIRT1 Inhibitor/Activator Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K325
SIRT2 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K322
SIRT6 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K323
pCAF Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K345
Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Inhibitor Screening Kits
MMP-1 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K794
MMP-3 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K793
MMP-9 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K844
MMP-14 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K846
Caspase Drug Screening Kits see page 22
Calpain, Cathepsin & Granzyme B Inhibitor Screening Kits see page 23
Liver Metabolism/ADME Screening Kits see also page 8
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) Inhibitor Screening Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K702
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Inhibitor Screening Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K704
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K849
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K894
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K896
MDR1/P-gp Ligand Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K507
UGT Activity Assay/Ligand Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K692
Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K796
Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K797
Aromatase (CYP19A) Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K984
An up-to-date list of pharmacologically relevant enzyme inhibitor/drug screening assays can be found at our website .
Cell AnAlysis 11
oxiDatiVe StreSS & Cell DaMage
Countless physical and chemical factors are known to induce dis-tinct cellular stresses that can manifest in a cell population in a variety of ways . Oxidative stress for example, is often defined as an imbalance of pro- and antioxidants that can lead to da-mage of cellular lipids, proteins and DNA . This stress is known to affect various cellular func tions including gene transcription, cell proliferation and differentia tion . It also plays an essential role in aging processes and can lead to various disorders and diseases .
OxidativeStress
Inflammation
Illness/Diseases
Kidney transplantGlomerular nephritis
DermatitisAgingPsoriasis
AngioplastieKeshan disease
TraumaStrokeParkinson‘s diseaseAlzheimer‘s diseaseNeurotoxinAsthma
Hyperoxidation
RadiationAgingCancerDiabetesSepsis
VasospasmAtheriosclerosis
Degenerative retinal damage/Macular degeneration Cataract
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Glutathione Metabolism Assays
Glutathione Detection Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K261
Glutathione Detection Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K251
Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Assay Kit I 100 assays PK-CA577-K464
Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Assay Kit II 100 assays PK-CA577-K740
Intracellular Glutathione (GSH) Detection Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K504
GST Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K263
GST Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K260
Glutathione Reductase Activity Kit 200 assays PK-CA577-K761
Other Anti-Oxidant/Anti-Aging Assays
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K274
Antioxidant (FRAP) Assay Kit 200 assays PK-CA577-K515
Ascorbic Acid Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K661
SOD Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K335
Catalase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K773
Thioredoxin Reductase (Trx) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K763
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K535
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K784
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K785
6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K540
Aconitase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K716
Tyrosinase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K575
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Assays
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Detection Assay Kit
100 assays 250 assays
PK-CA577-K936-1 PK-CA577-K936
Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit 200 assays PK-CA577-K265
Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide Detection Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K204
H2DCFDA (H2-DCF, DCF) 100 mg PK-CA707-10058
Nitrite & Nitric Oxide Metabolism Assays
Nitrite Assay Kit 200 assays PK-CA577-K544
Nitric Oxide Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 2 x 96 assays PK-CA577-K262
Nitric Oxide Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 2 x 96 assays PK-CA577-K252
Nitric Oxide HTS Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K979
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K205
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K206
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K208
Intracellular Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Detection Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K207
Oxidase/Peroxidase Assays
Monoamine Oxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K795
Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K796
Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K797
Glucose Oxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K788
Lysyl Oxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K928
Xanthine Oxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K710
Xanthine/Hypoxanthine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K685
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Activity Assay Kit I 100 assays PK-CA577-K744
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Activity Assay Kit II 100 assays PK-CA577-K745
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Inhibitor Screening Kit
200 assays PK-CA577-K746
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Peroxidation Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K747
PromoCell offers a selection of kits for convenient analysis of cellular stress including DNA damage, oxidative stress and changes of the redox/energy state, which permit the analysis of mutagenic, carcino-genic and toxic effects on cells as well as cellular processes such as homeostasis, inflammation and the immune response .
Applications Measurement of oxidative stress parameters Studies of cellular redox balance - determination of oxidant (free
radicals, reactive oxygen species/ROS, peroxides) and antioxidant (e .g . GSH, SOD) levels Screening for pharmacologically relevant inhibitors/drug
candidates e .g . for treatment of cancer or other common diseases
Features Highly sensitive and reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient assays Suited for high-throughput applications
Oxidative stress plays a key role in many common diseases .
Cell AnAlysis12
aging & epigenetiCS
Epigenetics Assays Epigenetics, which also has an impact on aging processes, is common-ly defined as heritable gene expression/phenotype changes that are stable but potentially reversible and do not involve alterations of the DNA sequence .A significant portion in epigenetics research focuses on DNA methyla-tion and chromatin remodeling/histone modifications, and PromoCell provides a range of assays for analyzing these processes .
Product Name Size Catalog Number
HDAC Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K339
HDAC-3 Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K343
HDAC-6 Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K466
HDAC-8 Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K348
HDAC-3 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K363
HDAC-6 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K465
HDAC-8 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K368
Sirtuin Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K324
SIRT1 Inhibitor/Activator Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K325
SIRT2 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K322
SIRT6 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K323
HAT Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K332
HAT Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K334
HAT Activity Assay Kit III (fluorometric, HS) 100 assays PK-CA577-K336
pCAF Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K345
Cytidine Deaminase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K451
AHCY Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K326
5’-Nucleotidase (CD73) Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K992
Product Name Size Catalog Number
DNA Damage Assays
DNA Damage Detection Kit 25 assays PK-CA577-K253
Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K739
Peroxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K772
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K762
Additional Assays for Studying Cell Stress
Total Polyamine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K475
Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K840
p53 Transcription Factor Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K923
Inosine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K712
Arginase Activity Assay Kit 500 assays PK-CA577-K755
Arginase I (ARG1) Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K567
Diamine Oxidase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K496
Cystathionine β Synthase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K998
Cystathionine β Synthase Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K695
Cysteine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K558
Sialic Acid (NANA) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K566
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K999
Gene Silencing Gene Expression
HAT
HDAC
HyperacetylationApoptosis
Inhibitors
Studying HDAC and HAT activity balance . Histone acetylation and deacetylation play important roles in the modulation of chromatin con-densation and transcriptional regulation . It is mainly regulated by the functional interplay between histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) .
For more information and an up-to-date list of assays, please visit our website .
Anti-Aging AssaysThe process we call aging is presumably induced by multiple, pro-bably synergistically acting factors - such as free radicals/ROS, UV rays, pollutants, metabolic disorders and cellular waste products - that cause damages to the structure and functions of molecules, cells, or-gans, etc . (e .g . oxidative stress, glycation, telomere shortening, side reactions, DNA mutations/methylations, and impaired degradation of abnormal, oxidatively modified proteins due to declined protea-some activity) . This progressive, accumulating damage leads to the development of pathological, degenerative disorders such as Alzhei-mer’s or Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, macular degeneration and ultimately to death . UV radiation, for example, causes photoaging, which is involved in the processes leading to wrinkle formation, skin decoloration etc . UV light is one of the factors that can trigger biochemical processes that in turn generate ROS/free radicals and activate metalloproteinase enzymes (MMPs/collagenases and gelatinases) with a subsequent breakdown of skin collagens and decline in collagen biosynthesis as well as glycation leading to Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGEs) .
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Proteasome Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K245
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K929
See page 11 for Anti-Oxidant/Anti-Aging assays and page 16 for Collagen, Collage-nase/Gelatinase and other MMP assays (e .g . MMP-1 & MMP-9) .
Nowadays, cellular stress/damage, aging biology and epigenetics are emerging as one of the most compelling areas of biomedical research .PromoCell provides a number of assays for a reliable analysis of cellular processes that are important in oxidative stress, aging and epigenetics - and are involved in many common diseases .
Applications
Evaluation of aging and epigenetic processes Studying and treating disorders related to aging
Features
Highly sensitive and reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient assays adaptable for high throughput
For studying general and specific aging processes, we supply - besides a variety of assays for determining cell viability/proliferation, senescence (see page 3), cytotoxicity and cell death/apoptosis (see pages 3-5 and 20-24), as well as cellular/oxidative stress (see the preceding page) and epi genetics (see above) - also some assays for analyzing protein degra-dation (e .g . col lagenase/MMP-1 and gelatinase/MMP-9) and glycation .
Cell AnAlysis 13
Cell MetaboliSM
Normal Cell Cancer Cell
Glucose
Pyruvate
O2
ATPLactate
Mitochondria
TCA cycle+
OXPHOS
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvate
O2
Lactate
Mitochondria
Glycolysis ATP
TCA cycle+
OXPHOS
Altered energy metabolism in cancer . Normal cell/energy metabolism is reprogrammed by tumor cells to increase biosynthetic capabilities and promote proliferation: both glycolysis (see graphic) and glutaminolysis are strongly enhanced .
Carbohydrate & Energy Metabolism Assays Cells require energy in the form of ATP to support biological processes including cell growth, division and differentiation, as well as many physiological activities . It is therefore essential to study processes that, like glycolysis and glutaminolysis, are involved in energy metabolism not only to explain cell functions, but also in order to diagnose, monitor and treat some human diseases (e .g . cancer and diabetes) . PromoCell supplies an interesting choice of assays for analyzing im-portant metabolic pathways .
Applications
Studies of cell/energy metabolism (e .g . cancer metabolism) Screening for pharmacologically relevant inhibitors/drug
candidates e .g . for treating cancer, diabetes or other common disease patterns
Features
Highly sensitive, reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient assays Suited for colorimetric or fluorometric high-throughput applications
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycolysis & TCA Pathway
Carbohydrates play an essential role in the catabolic and metabo-lic pathways of living organisms - for storing energy for the myriad biochemical processes in cells and as a source for synthesizing new biomolecules .Glucose, being an ubiquitous energy source, plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolisms, homeostasis and - consequently - many disor-ders . In an aerobic process called glycolysis, glucose is degraded to pyruvate, which enters the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle for eventu-ally producing ATP (oxidative phosphorylation pathway) . Cancer cells, for example, exhibit increased glucose uptake and gly-colysis to support their high proliferation rate .
Glutamine/Glutamate Metabolism
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in blood and muscles and is largely utilized for energy generation and as a precursor for new bio-molecules . It is known that cancer cells can reprogram glucose meta-
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Carbohydrate/Glucose Metabolism
Glucose Assay Kit I (colorimetric/fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K606
Glucose Assay Kit II (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K686
Glucose Assay Kit III (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K688
Glucose/Sucrose Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K616
Glucose Uptake Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K676
Glucose Uptake Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K666
Glucose Uptake Assay Kit III (FC/FM) 50 assays PK-CA577-K682
Glucose Uptake Assay Kit IV (fluorometric, HS) 100 assays PK-CA577-K924
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K757
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
100 assays PK-CA577-K751
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K225
Galactose & Lactose Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K617
Maltose & Glucose Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K618
Fructose Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K619
Glycogen Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K646
1,5-Anhydroglucitol Uptake Assay Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K684
2-Phosphoglycerate Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K778
Phosphoglucomutase Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K774
Phosphoglucomutase Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K770
Phosphoglucose Isomerase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K775
Glucokinase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K969
D-Sorbitol Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K631
6-Phosphogluconic Acid (6-PGA) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K217
Total Carbohydrate Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K645
Glycolysis Pathway
GAPDH Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K680
Hexokinase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K789
Hexokinase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K769
Human Hexokinase (HK) Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K713
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K776
Enolase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K691
Enolase-alpha Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K526
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate (DHAP) Fluorometric Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K673
Glucose-1-Phosphate Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K697
Glucose-6-Phosphate Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K657
Glucose-6-Phosphate Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K687
bolism for aerobic glycolysis using glutamine as an additional energy source and building block for increasing proliferation . Glutamine is converted to glutamate, which is involved in the energy-producing TCA cycle but is also critical for maintaining redox homeostasis and protecting cells from oxidative stress by producing glutathione (GSH) .
Lactate Metabolism
When the supply of oxygen is insufficient, lactate is produced to provide the required energy/ATP via an anaerobic metabolic pathway . Lactate can also be implicated in the development and growth of cancer, both by providing additional energy for cell growth and poliferation and by helping to create an acidic environment that is conducive to the spread of cancer cells .
Cell AnAlysis14
Cell MetaboliSM
Rough illustration of lipid metabolism pathways .
Citrate
VLDL
Secretion
Lipid droplet
TriglycerideTriglyceridesynthesis
De novolipogenesis
Glucose
Mitochondrion
CD36
Fatty acid
ObesityInsulin resistanceHigh-fat diet
Dietaryfatty acids
Adiposetissue
Lipolysis
The lipid metabolism is associated with the carbohydrate metabolism, since products of glucose (such as acetyl-CoA) can be converted into lipids . A diet rich in sugar, in conjunction with other factors such as high fat intake and low energy consumption due to physical inactivity, results in a marked accumulation of body fat called obesity .
There is now general agreement that obesity increases the risk of diabetes as well as various cardiovascular disorders such as high blood pressure and coronary heart disease .
For studying the complex metabolism of lipids, PromoCell supplies a wide range of cell-based and enzymatic assays .
Applications Studies of lipid metabolism and transport Screening for pharmacologically relevant inhibitors/drugs e .g . for
treatment of obesity and cardiovascular diseases
Features Highly sensitive and reproducible detection/measurement Ready-to-use, convenient assays Suited for colorimetric or fluorometric high-throughput
applications
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Lipid/Phospholipid Metabolism
Lipid Extraction Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K216
Lipid Staining Kit 24 ml PK-CA577-K580
Lipid-Green Lipid Droplet Stain 125 µl PK-CA707-70065
Lipid-Red Lipid Droplet Stain 125 µl PK-CA707-70069
FatRed 1 mg PK-CA712-0001
PAF Acetylhydrolase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K765
PAF Acetylhydrolase Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K766
Phosphatidylcholine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K576
Phospholipid Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K351
Global Phospholipid Synthesis Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K717
Phospholipase D (PLD) Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K725
PLTP Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K593
PLTP Inhibitor Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K605
Cardiolipin Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K944
Phosphatidylglycerol Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K488
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Fructose-6-Phosphate Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K689
Pyruvate Kinase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K709
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K679
Pyruvate Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K609
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K365
Phosphoglycerate Kinase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K194
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA) Pathway
Citrate Synthase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K318
Aconitase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K716
Glutamine/Glutamate Metabolism
Glutamate Assays Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K629
Glutamate Assays Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K413
Glutamine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K556
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K729
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K738
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K440
Lactate Metabolism
L-Lactate Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K627
L-Lactate Assay Kit II (color ./fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K607
L-Lactate Assay Kit III (fluorometric, HS*) 100 assays PK-CA577-K638
D-Lactate Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K667
D-Lactate Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K668
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit I 500 assays PK-CA577-K726
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit II 500 assays PK-CA577-K730
Lactate Dehydrogenase A Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K492
Cellular Energy Storage
NAD/NADH Quantitation Kit (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K337
NADP/NADPH Quantitation Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K347
NADH Quantitation Kit (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K338
ATP Quantitation Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K354
ADP Quantitation Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K355
Bioluminescent Cell Viability Kit I (ATP) 200 assays1000 assays
PK-CA577-K254-200PK-CA577-K254-1000
Bioluminescent Cell Viability Kit II (ADP/ATP) 200 assays PK-CA577-K255
*HS: High SensitivityFor more information and an up-to-date list of assays, please visit our website .
Lipid & Lipoprotein/Cholesterol Metabolism Assays
The lipid metabolism comprises the synthesis and degradation of li-pids in cells . Fats are ingested as food (mainly as triglycerides and cholesterols) or synthesized by adipocytes or hepatocytes from carbo-hydrate precursors to serve as an energy source in a process called lipogenesis . Lipid metabolism also involves oxidizing fatty acids to either generate energy from storage fat in a process called lipolysis or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules . Due to the hydrophobic nature of lipids, special proteins known as lipo-proteins are required to transport them from where they are synthesi-zed in the liver and intestine to peripheral tissues where they are utili-zed (e .g . membrane phospholipids) or stored as fat (→ lipid droplets) .
Cell AnAlysis 15
Cell MetaboliSM
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K561
Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K474
Phosphatidylethanolamine Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K499
Phosphatidic Acid Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K748
Total Phospholipid Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K537
Glycerol-3-Phosphate (G3P) Assay Kit I 100 assays PK-CA577-K641
Glycerol-3-Phosphate (G3P) Assay Kit II 100 assays PK-CA577-K196
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K640
Triglyceride & Fatty Acid Metabolism
Free Fatty Acid Quantification Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K612
Fatty Acid Uptake Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K408
Triglyceride Quantification Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K622
Triglyceride (TG) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K614
Lipoprotein & Cholesterol Metabolism
Cholesterol Efflux Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K582
Cholesterol Detection Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K587
Total Cholesterol & Cholesteryl Ester Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K603
HDL Uptake Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K586
LDL Uptake Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K436
HDL & LDL/VLDL Quantification Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K613
HMG-CoA Reductase Activity/Inhibitor Screening Kit
100 assays PK-CA577-K588
CETP Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K594
CETP Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K595
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K721
Alkaline Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K987
Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K598
Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit I 100 assays PK-CA577-K599
Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit II 100 assays PK-CA577-K574
Sphingomyelin Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K600
Total Bile Acids (TBA) Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K209
Lipogenesis, Lipolysis & Adipogenesis
Lipolysis Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K577
Lipolysis Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K578
Lipolysis Assay Kit III (color ./fluorometric) For 5 g tissue PK-CA577-K581
Adipogenesis Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K610
Preadipocyte Isolation Kit 1 Kit PK-CA577-K583
3T3-L1 Differentiation Kit 1 Mix for 100 ml PK-CA577-K579
Acetoacetate Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K650
Lipase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K722
Lipase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K724
β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) Assay Kit I 100 assays PK-CA577-K632
β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) Assay Kit II 100 assays PK-CA577-K651
PPARγ Ligand Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K437
Alcohol/Glycerol Detection
Glycerol Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K977
Free Glycerol Assay Kit I (color ./fluorometric) 100 assays PK-CA577-K630
Free Glycerol Assay Kit II (fluorometric, HS) 100 assays PK-CA577-K643
Ethanol Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K620
An up-to-date list of cell metabolism assays can be found at our website .
Additional Assays for Metabolic Diseases Research
PromoCell provides a range of assays that are useful for studying metabolic pathways that are involved in the development and pro-gression of certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disorders .
Cancer
Because cancer is still a leading cause of death worldwide, there continues to be a great medical need for cancer therapies . Researchers around the globe are trying to
develop new ways of fighting this terrible disease . Modern molecular biology offers numerous ways of analyzing the behavior and properties of cancer cells . An understanding of the bio-chemical pathways that promote cancer cell growth and mestastasis allows scientists to identify novel drug targets, among other things . Particularly with high-throughput assays, scientists can screen large substance libraries for new active substances that specifically target cancer cells . See also: Cancer Metabolism Assays (Glucose, Glycolysis, Glutamine/
Glutamate & Lactate Assays; page 13) Oxidative Stress Assays (page 11) Epigenetics Assays (e .g . HAT & HDAC Assays; page 12) Liver Function Marker Assays (page 8) Cell Signaling & Protein Kinase Assays (pages 20 and 25) Cancer Stem Cell Inhibitors (www .promocell .com/cancer)
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term used to describe disorders that affect the heart (cardio) and/or the body’s system of blood vessels (vascular) . CVDs are the
leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting from both chronic conditions and acute events such as coronary artery disorders (e .g . myocardial infarctions or heart attack, angina etc .), arrhythmia, stroke, congenital heart defects and renal/vascular disorders . CVD includes damage to the heart and blood vessels that can eventually narrow arteries as a result of plaque buildup and obstruct blood flow (atherosclerosis) . The many risk factors for CVD include age, diet, lifestyle changes, genetic predispositions and a family history of hypertension, diabetes and/or obesity .
New cell-based and biochemical assays have provided researchers with insights on how cardiac diseases develop . This could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for hypertension, stroke and coronary heart disease, among other things .See also: Lipid & Liporotein/Cholesterol Metabolism Assays (page 14)
Cell AnAlysis16
Cell MetaboliSM
Diabetes
Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems of the 21st century and one of the most common noncommu-nicable diseases globally .
Diabetes refers to a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders as-sociated with high blood sugar levels, which develop either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes), or the body cannot effectively use the supplied insulin (type 2 diabetes) . Long-term hyperglycemia causes serious damage to many of the body’s systems, eventually resulting in heart attacks, strokes, blind-ness, kidney failure, or lower-limb amputation . Such adverse effects involve a complex pathology that includes many cellular and subcel-lular changes . Research is crucial, and scientists are working to devel-op novel methods for preventing and treating this pandemic disease .See also: Carbohydrate/Glucose Metabolism Assays (page 13)
Obesity
Obesity has also become a worldwide epidemic . Like many of the diseases that it significantly promotes (e .g . diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis and cancer), it con-
stitutes a major health challenge for the industrialized world .Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of adipose tis-sue (body fat) and develops when energy intake, principally stored as triglycerides, exceeds energy expenditure .Thus, studying the pathways of lipid metabolism as well as other en-zymatic reactions involved in the development of obesity is a chance to find effective therapies . See also: Lipid & Liporotein/Cholesterol Metabolism Assays (page 14)
List of currently available assays for studying disease-related cell met-abolic processes, also including neurometabolic (e .g . Alzheimer’ and Parkinson’s disease), inflammatory/autoimmune (e .g . arthritis, MS) and respiratory (e .g . asthma, COPD) disorders . For an up-to-date list, please visit our website
Other Assays for Studying Metabolic Disorders
Sarcosine Assay Kit C 100 assays PK-CA577-K636
DNAse I Activity Assay Kit C 100 assays PK-CA577-K429
Aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K523
Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K534
IDH1 Inhibitor Screening Kit C 100 assays PK-CA577-K493
β-Glucuronidase Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K514
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Mutant) Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K985
Urokinase Activity Assay Kit C 100 assays PK-CA577-K728
Urokinase Inhibitor Screening Kit C 100 assays PK-CA577-K727
Actin Polymerization/ Depolymerization Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K457
Phosphoglycerate Dehydroge-nase (PHGDH) Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K569
Methyltransferase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K986
Methyltransferase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K521
Proteasome Activity Assay Kit C 100 assays PK-CA577-K245
Cytidine Deaminase Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K451
Dihydrofolate Reductase Activity Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K246
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit I
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K731
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit II
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K741
Ethanolamine Kinase (ETNK) Activity Assay Kit
C 100 assays PK-CA577-K498
Epoxide Hydrolase Activity Assay Kit
C, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K477
Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K480
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) Activity Assay Kit
C, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K829
DPP4 Activity Assay Kit C, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K779
DPP4 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K780
Creatine Kinase (CK) Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K777
Alkaline Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K987
Acid Sphingomyelinase Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K598
Total Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K927
ACE1 Assay Kit C, CVD, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K227
ACE1 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, CVD, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K228
ACE2 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, CVD, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K310
Plasma Kallikrein Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K997
Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, CVD, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K989
ECE-1 Activity Assay Kit C, CVD, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K536
D-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K559
Citrate Synthase Activity Assay Kit
C, CVD, O 100 assays PK-CA577-K318
Product Name Research Field Size Catalog Number
Collagen/Collagenases/MMPs
Total Collagen Assay Kit C, CVD, D, RD 100 assays PK-CA577-K406
Soluble Collagen Assay Kit C, CVD, D, RD 100 assays PK-CA577-K532
Collagenase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K792
Collagenase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K490
Collagenase Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K833
Gelatinase Activity Assay Kit C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K444
MMP-1 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K794
MMP-3 Activity Assay Kit C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K783
MMP-3 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K793
MMP-9 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K844
MMP-14 Inhibitor Screening Kit C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K846
Product Name Research Field Size Catalog Number
Cell AnAlysis 17
Cell MetaboliSM
Neprilysin Activity Assay Kit C, CVD, D, R 100 assays PK-CA577-K487
Neprilysin Inhibitor Screening Kit C, CVD, D, R 100 assays PK-CA577-K996
Universal Kinase Activity Assay Kit
C, D, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K212
Glyoxalase II Activity Assay Kit C, D, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K460
Cyclooxygenase (COX) Activity Assay Kit
C, D, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K549
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, D, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K548
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, D, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K547
N’-Nicotinamide Metyl- transferase (NNMT) Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, D, O, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K822
5’-Nucleotidase (CD73) Activity Assay Kit
C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K992
Fucose (FucAz) Modified Glycoprotein Assay Kit
C, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K592
TACE Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, IP/TR, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K366
IMPDH Inhibitor Screening Kit C, I/II 100 assays PK-CA577-K495
AHCY Inhibitor Screening Kit C, I/II 100 assays PK-CA577-K326
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Activity Assay Kit
C, I/II 100 assays PK-CA577-K972
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, I/II 100 assays PK-CA577-K976
Transglutaminase Activity Assay Kit
C, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K571
Transglutaminase Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K508
Glycine Assay Kit C, N 100 assays PK-CA577-K589
5-Lipoxygenase Activity Assay Kit
C, RD, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K978
5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor Screening Kit
C, RD, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K980
α-L-Fucosidase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
C, RD, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K224
α-L-Fucosidase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
C, RD, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K542
Renin Activity Assay Kit CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K800
Renin Inhibitor Screening Kit CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K799
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay Kit
CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K516
Thrombin Activity Assay Kit CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K373
Homocysteine Assay Kit CVD 100 assays PK-CA577-K531
Taurine Assay Kit CVD, D 100 assays PK-CA577-K988
Fructosamine Assay Kit D 100 assays PK-CA577-K450
a-Glucosidase Activity Assay Kit I (colorimetric)
D 100 assays PK-CA577-K690
a-Glucosidase Activity Assay Kit II (fluorometric)
D 100 assays PK-CA577-K187
a-Glucosidase Inhibitor Screening Kit
D 100 assays PK-CA577-K938
Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Activity Assay Kit
D 100 assays PK-CA577-K935
Adenosine Assay Kit CVD, IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K327
Pyrophosphate (PPi) Assay Kit
IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K568
Uricase Activity Assay Kit IP/TR 100 assays PK-CA577-K734
Phospho-p38 MAPK Translocation Assay Kit
IP/TR, D, RD 100 assays PK-CA577-K965
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Activity Assay Kit
I/II 100 assays PK-CA577-K328
Adenosine Deaminase (ADA1) Inhibitor Screening Kit
I/II 100 assays PK-CA577-K993
NAFLD Detection Kit L 100 assays PK-CA577-K489
Ammonia Assay Kit L 100 assays PK-CA577-K370
Tyrosine Aminotransferase Activity Assay Kit
L, R 100 assays PK-CA577-K486
Alanine Assay Kit N 100 assays PK-CA577-K652
Aspartate Assay Kit N 100 assays PK-CA577-K552
Choline/Acetylcholine Quan-tification Kit
N 100 assays PK-CA577-K615
DL-Serine Assay Kit N 100 assays PK-CA577-K743
Total D-Amino Acid Assay Kit N 100 assays PK-CA577-K445
Acetylcholinesterase Activity Assay Kit
N 100 assays PK-CA577-K764
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Screening Kit
N 100 assays PK-CA577-K197
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Activity Assay Kit
N 100 assays PK-CA577-K679
β-Secretase Assay Kit N 100 assays PK-CA577-K360
β-Secretase Inhibitor Screening Kit
N 100 assays PK-CA577-K720
Product Name Research Field Size Catalog Number Product Name Research Field Size Catalog Number
An up-to-date list of assays for studying cellular processes invo ved in many wide-spread diseases can be found at our website .C = Cancer Research/Tumor BiologyCVD = Cardiovascular DiseasesD = DiabetesI/II = Immunology/Innate ImmunityIP/TR = Inflammatory Processes/Disorders & Tissue RegenerationL = Liver DisordersN = Neurobiology/Neurological DisordersO = ObesityR = Renal DisordersRD = Respiratory Disorders
Human Primary Cell Culture
PromoCell supplies a variety of primary human cells (including various endothelial, epithelial, skeletal & smooth muscle, stem and blood cells as well as preadipocytes, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts and melanocytes) and corresponding op-timized growth and differentiation media that are useful for cancer, cardiovascular, diabetes and obesity research and for studying other common disease patterns (e .g . respiratory and dermatological disorders) .For more information, please visit our website .
Human primary cells as physiologically relevant models for disease research . PromoCell primary cells are available from a wide variety of tis-sues and organs, from healthy and diseased donors . All of our cells are available either cryopreserved or proliferating . Optimized media for robust growth performance are available for each cell type .
Cell AnAlysis18
3D Cell Culture
There is a growing evidence that three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, in contrast to the 2D culture system, represent more ac-curately the actual physiological in vivo microenvironment where cells reside in tissues and are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in a 3D fashion . Thus, they provide a more adequate model of in vivo physiological conditions and are more reflective of in vivo cellular responses with regard to many cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression .Artificially created 3D cell culture environments improve the func-tionality, differentiation and viability of cells . By mimicking the in
vivo responses, 3D matrices and scaffolds provide a physiologically relevant screening platform for many cell types including cancer and stem cells in developmental morphogenesis, pharmacology, drug me-tabolism and drug toxicity studies .
3D Cell Culture Matrices & Scaffolds
Applications
Drug testing and toxicity screening Tumor and other disease models Spheroid formation and organogenesis models Developmental morphogenesis and stem cell research
Features
Allow formation of multilayer 3D models and long-term culture maintenance BME matrix is growth factor-reduced and endotoxin-free Alginate-Hydrogel is a highly defined matrix free of unknown/
unwanted animal components and thus ideally suited for studying compounds such as drug candidates or inhibitors/stimulators High-throughput-adaptable, standardized 3D Scaffold Kit
based on chemically defined Alginate-Hydrogel matrix
3D Cell Culture Matrix Kit (BME) 100 assays PK-CA577-K518
BME 3D Cell Culture Matrix 5 ml PK-CA577-K518-5
3D Cell Culture Matrix Kit (Alginate Hydrogel)
100 assays PK-CA577-K517
Alginate Hydrogel 3D Cell Culture Matrix
5 ml PK-CA577-K517-5
3D Cell Culture Matrix Kit (Duo-Matrix)
100 assays PK-CA577-K519
Duo-Matrix 3D Cell Culture Matrix 5 ml PK-CA577-K519-5
Laminin Matrix Solution (mouse) 4 x 1 vial PK-CA577-K914-4
Collagen I Matrix Solution (rat) 5 ml PK-CA577-K916-5
Collagen IV Matrix Solution (mouse)
5 ml PK-CA577-K918-5
Fibronectin Matrix Solution (human, 1 mg/ml)
500 µl PK-CA577-K925-05
3D Cell Culture Scaffold Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K990
3D Cell Culture Harvesting Kit 100 samples PK-CA577-K982
3D Cell Culture Viability Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K948
Product Name Size Catalog Number
For more information, please visit our website .
3D Cell Culture Viability Assay
Applications
Testing for cell viability and cytotoxicity using 2D or 3D cell cultures
Features
Very sensitive and reliable fluorometric assay developed for 3D cell cultures Matrix and spheroid dissociations from 3D cell culture increases
sensitivity and quality of results Fast, easy-to-use and adaptable for high throughput
Note: More assays to determine cell viability/proliferation and cytotoxicity/cell death can be found on pages 3-5 .
3D Cell Culture Harvesting Kit
Applications
Isolating cells and/or cell aggregates from 3D cell cultures for downstream biological analysis Simplified non-enzymatic isolation of cells and spheroids from
different matrices
Features
Optimized and standardized saline-based solution for gentle, non-enzymatic cell harvesting Excellent cell recovery rates No adverse effects (e .g . on cell’s surface and viability) frequently
observed with protease-based dissociation methods High cell viability rate for subsequent biochemical, protein and
cell-based analysis
Three-dimensional growth of cancer cells .
Cell AnAlysis 19
Cell MoDel SySteMS
Cell Migration/Chemotaxis & Cell Invasion Assays Cell migration is a highly integrated, multi-step process in which motile cells move in a directed fashion to specific locations un der the influence of a chemoattractant gradient in response to stimulatory or inhibitory compounds . This is simulated in our transwell as says in which cells migrate from the upper to the lower compartment of a Boyden chamber through a semi-permeable membrane .Cell invasion resembles cell migration except that cells do more than simply migrate . They also actively move through the extracellular matrix and invade neighboring tissues in a process that involves ECM degradation and proteolysis; this is simulated in our Boyden cham-ber-based assays, in which the upper surface of the semi-permeable membrane is coated with a uniform layer consisting of different ma-trices (see table below) .
Applications
Monitoring cell migration/invasion in response to biochemical stimuli to study e .g . cell signaling pathways Screening, studying, or characterizing compounds (e .g . drug
candidates) that influence cell migration/invasion
Features
Simple, reproducible and high-throughput-adaptable fluoro- metric assays suited for adherent and suspension cells Kits provide ready-to-use Boyden chambers with semiporous
membranes (available with three different pore sizes) and different matrix coatings (invasion assays) as well as Staining Dye Concentrates and Migration/Invasion Inducers
Cell migration/invasion plays an important role in various cel lular pro-cesses such as angiogenesis, embryonic development, and the immune response . Changes in these processes can thus lead to a number of pa-thologies including vascular diseases, tumor forma tion and metastasis, atherosclerosis, and arthritis .Consequently, in vitro Cell Model Systems have become increasingly important for studying different cellular processes and for creating and refining cellular models for implementing innovative therapeutic solu-tions (e .g . in cancer and inflammation research) .
Angiogenesis Assay Angiogenesis is the process of forming new capillaries from pre-exis-ting blood vessels . It is required for growth and development, wound healing, and for mation/growth of malignant tumors (as well as meta-stasis) . It involves endothelial cell (EC) differentiation, proliferation, and migration and is regulated by different endo thelium-specific molecules including members of the VEGF and angiopoietin families . Synthetic compounds that may inhibit the generation of new vascu-late networks from pre-existing vas culature and thus impede tumor growth may be useful as therapeutic anti-angiogenesis drugs .
Monitoring of tube formation using the Angiogenesis Assay Kit with HUVECs and VEGF-165 (all products from PromoCell) .
Applications
Screening for angiogenesis inhibitors and stimulators Study of angiogenesis-related signal transduction
Features
Simple method (multiwell plate tube formation assay) for assessing angiogenesis in vitro in less than 18 hours Monitoring by light and/or fluorescence microscopy Kit includes growth factor-reduced, endotoxin-free BME matrix as
well as a Staining Dye and an Inhibitor Control
Tumor angiogenesis . In order to grow and spread, a small localized tumor induces angiogenesis by secreting various proteins/growth factors (e .g . VEGF) . Newly formed blood vessels provide a better supply with nutrients, oxygen and growth factors .
Cell Migration/Chemotaxis Assays (3 different pore sizes; no coating)
8 µm, 24-/ 96-well
5 µm, 24-/ 96-well
3 µm, 24-/ 96-well
12 /96 assays
12 /96 assays
12 /96 assays
PK-CA577-K909 /-K906
PK-CA577-K910 /-K907
PK-CA577-K911 /-K908
Cell Invasion Assays (pore size: 8 µm; 5 different coatings)
BME, 24-/ 96-well
laminin, 24-/ 96-well
collagen I, 24-/ 96-well
collagen IV, 24-/ 96-well
fibronectin, 24-/ 96-well
12 /96 assays
12 /96 assays
12 /96 assays
12 /96 assays
12 /96 assays
PK-CA577-K913 /-K912
PK-CA577-K915 /-K914
PK-CA577-K917 /-K916
PK-CA577-K919 /-K918
PK-CA577-K925
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Angiogenesis Assay Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K905
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Note: Growth factor-reduced, endotoxin-free BME (angiogenesis assay) as well as Collagen I, Collagen IV, Laminin and Fibronectin matrices (invasion assays) are also available separately (see order box of the previous section) .
Tumor cell invasion and metastasis . In the early stages of metastasis, migrating/invading tumor cells degrade the basement membrane, cross the extracellular matrix, and pass through connective tissue, eventually invading blood or lymph vessels (intravasation) . Secondary tumors may then form in other tissues, which is the main cause of cancer mortality .
Primary Tumor
Blood vessel
Secondary Tumor
Cell AnAlysis20
pHagoCytoSiS & Cell Signaling
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Total Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K927
cAMP Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K371
cGMP Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K372
Universal Kinase Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K212
For more information, please visit our website .
Cell Signaling Assays
Examining cell signaling pathways is crucial for understanding many cellu-lar processes . Because signaling systems control and co ordinate all aspects of cellular function, they are naturally key targets for drug discovery .Cell-to-cell signaling involves transmission of a signal from a sending cell to a receiving cell . Cells typically communicate by sending chemi-cal signals via a chain of chemical messengers . An arriving intercellular (between cells) signal is then converted into an intracellular (within the cell) signal that triggers a cellular response such as gene expres-sion, which can in turn induce other processes such as cell prolifera-tion/division, cell differentiation and apoptosis . These signaling cascades involve numerous proteins and secondary messengers that propagate an extracellular signal inside a cell . They are typically induced when a variety of extracellular ligands (e .g . cyto-kines, growth factors or hormones) bind to corresponding receptors in the cell membrane . G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most important family of such integral membrane proteins . They influence cellular levels of cAMP and cGMP, important secondary messengers that activate protein kinases A and G (PKA, PKG), which in turn phos-phorylate a number of other proteins including metabolic enzymes and transcription factors .cAMP/cGMP regulate many physiological processes (e .g . neuronal, glandular, and cardiovascular) as well as immune mechanisms, the nervous system, cell growth and differentiation . Some hormones and chemicals are known to activate cyclic AMP and GMP and raise their intracellular levels .The PromoCell cAMP and cGMP Activity Assay Kits are competitive immunoassays for quantitative colorimetric determination of cAMP and cGMP levels in various biological samples .Our Universal Kinase Activity Assay is based on the fluorescence detection of ADP generated by kinase activity and can be read kineti- cally or in an endpoint mode .
Phosphodiesterases are important enzymes involved in a variety of biological functions that include regulating secondary messenger mo-lecules such as cAMP/cGMP . In addition to their key roles in signal transduction, some PDE isoforms are also therapeutic targets in car-diovascular and cancer research .Our PDE Activity Assay Kit is a fluorometric plate-based assay for kine-tic measurement of total phosphodiesterase activity .
Applications
Quantitative determination of cAMP/cGMP levels Measurement of total phosphodiesterase activity Screening/studying kinase inhibitors
Features
Fast, simple and highly sensitive assays Suited for high-throughput applications
Phagocytosis Assays
Phagocytosis in mammals is an important frontline de fense mecha-nism against invading pathogens . It is also essential for ongoing removal of moribund cells, tissue remodeling, and acquisition of nu-trients for some cells . Phagocytosis is a specific form of endocytosis in which a living cell (called phagocyte) engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome . Maturing phago-somes transform to phagolysosomes which destroy the particle (e .g . a pathogen) with enzymes and toxic peroxides .
Phagocytosis Assay Kit (Green E. coli) 100 assays PK-CA577-K963
Phagocytosis Assay Kit (Red E. coli) 100 assays PK-CA577-K964
Phagocytosis Assay Kit (Green Zymosan) 100 assays PK-CA577-K397
Phagocytosis Assay Kit (Red Zymosan) 100 assays PK-CA577-K398
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled E . coli cells by macro-phages using the PromoCell Phagocytosis Assay Kit .
PromoCell’s Phagocytosis Assay Kits utilize prelabeled (red or green-fluorescent) E. coli or Zymosan particles as a tool for rapid and accurate detection and quantification of in vitro phagocytosis .
Applications
In vitro detection of phagocytosis Screening activators and/or inhibitors of phagocytosis and Toll-
Like Receptor (TLR) ligands Studying phagocytotic processes important in e .g . cancer,
inflammation and infectious diseases
Features
Fast, simple and convenient fluorometric assays Robust, reliable and sensitive screening systems Detection using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry or a
multiwell plate fluorescence reader
Phagocytosis plays an important role in the defense and immune system of humans and animals . Phagocytotic cells such as macro-phages not only remove pathogens (e .g . bacteria and viruses), but also ingest intact tumor cells .
Receptors
Lysosome
Phagosome
Phagolysosomes
Pathogens
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Soluble debris
CD47
SIRPα
Cancer Cell
Non-phagocytic macrophage
Pathogens
Phag
ocyt
osis
Phagocytic macrophage
Cancer Cell
Phag
ocyt
osis
CD47 antibody
Cell AnAlysis 21
apoptoSiS
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a sophisticated process involv-ing an intricate series of biochemical events . It is induced either by an intrinsic pathway in which the cell kills itself because it senses cell stress (e .g . DNA damage or metabolic disorders) or by an extrinsic pathway that is activated by signals from other cells . Specific cell death signals are transmitted by different biomolecules such as caspases, which trig-ger an apoptotic cascade . This process culminates in multiple events such as degradation of cellular proteins and chromosomal DNA, mito-chondrial disruption, and changes in plasma membrane integrity .Apoptosis plays an important role in development, aging and homeo-stasis and is required for many fundamental physiological functions and cellular processes (e .g . removal of aged, damaged, infected or mu-tated/cancerous cells, redundant immune cells and embryonic tissue) . Impaired/deregulated apoptosis is involved in a variety of diseases (for example, the ability of tumor cells to elude programmed death is a hallmark of most cancer types) .
Annexin V Detection Assays In the early stages of apoptosis, cells lose their phospholipid membrane asymmetry and expose phosphatidylserine (PS) on the exterior plasma membrane . Annexin V has a high affinity for PS and is therefore very useful for identifying apoptotic cells . PromoCell supplies annexin V conjugated to biotin or various fluorophores as well as tagged with EGFP .
Applications Convenient screening for apoptotic cells Differentiating apoptotic and necrotic cells
Features High fluorescence intensity and sensitivity Many different labels and tags available - biotin conjugate also
allows colorimetric detection Evaluation by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy or using a
fluorescence-based cell analyzer - adaptable to high throughput Suited for adherent and suspension cell cultures
Note: In addition to our complete Annexin V Detection Kits, we also supply a range of individual Annexin V reagents . For more infor-mation, please visit our website .
*XXX stands for the package size: 25, 100, or 400 assays .
Annexin V-Biotin Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K109-XXX*
Annexin V-Cy3 Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K102-XXX*
Annexin V-Cy3 Detection KitPlus 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K202-XXX*
Annexin V-Cy5 Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K103-XXX*
Annexin V-EGFP Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K104-XXX*
Annexin V-FITC Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K101-XXX*
Annexin V-FITC Detection KitPlus 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K201-XXX*
Annexin V-PE Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K128-XXX*
Annexin V-PE Detection KitPlus 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K203-XXX*
Annexin V-PE-Cy5 Detection Kit 25, 100, 400 assays PK-CA577-K129-XXX*
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Caspase Detection & Activity Assays
Caspases, a family of cysteine aspartic acid proteases, are im-portant factors in the progression of apoptosis and can be acti-vated by various deleterious and physiologic stimuli such as cy-tochrome c release due to mitochondrial membrane disruption, DNA damage, ER stress or other inducers such as TNF-alpha and FasL . Caspases are normally present in the cell as inactive pro- enzymes . During apoptosis, they are activated by proteolysis and trigger a proteolytic cascade that results in the cleavage of certain proteins, most of which are essential to the cell‘s viability .
Applications Screening for apoptotic cells Caspase detection and quantification of caspase activity
Features High sensitivity and specificity Fast, simple protocols Absorbance, excitation and emission spectra are compatible with
common absorbance/fluorescence reader specifications Caspase Staining Kits suited for adherent or suspension cells and
detection by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy or using a fluorescence-based cell analyzer Caspase Assay Kits suited for cell lysates and enzyme activity
quantification using a photometer/fluorometer or absorbance/ fluorescence multiwell plate readers
Caspase Staining Kits
The fluorometric Caspase Staining Kits are ideal tools for detecting activated caspases in situ in living cells . The kits utilize potent caspase inhibitors conjugated to FITC or rhodamine as fluorescent markers that can easily pass through the cell membrane to bind specifically to active caspases in apoptotic cells .
Green Multi-Caspase Staining Kitt 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K180-25PK-CA577-K180-100
Green Caspase-2 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K182-25PK-CA577-K182-100
Green Caspase-3 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K183-25PK-CA577-K183-100
Green Caspase-8 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K188-25PK-CA577-K188-100
Green Caspase-9 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K189-25PK-CA577-K189-100
Green Caspase-12 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K172-25PK-CA577-K172-100
Red Multi-Caspase Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K190-25PK-CA577-K190-100
Red Caspase-3 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K193-25PK-CA577-K193-100
Red Caspase-8 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K198-25PK-CA577-K198-100
Red Caspase-9 Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K199-25PK-CA577-K199-100
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Cell AnAlysis22
apoptoSiS
Caspase Screening Kits (FC) & Drug Screening Kits
The PromoCell Caspase Screening Kit (FC) provides a convenient means of detecting the activation of caspases by flow cytometry in living cells using a fluorescently labeled general caspase substrate .The PromoCell Caspase Drug Screening Kits have been designed for effective in vitro screening for caspase inhibitors using a sensitive fluorometric assay adaptable to high throughput .
Note: In addition to the complete caspase kits, PromoCell also provides a variety of purified active recombinant caspases and pro- caspases from humans, mice, and rats, as well as caspase substrates, inhibitors, and antibodies .
Caspase-1 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K151-100
Caspase-2 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K152-100
Caspase-3 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K153-100
Caspase-4 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K154-100
Caspase-5 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K155-100
Caspase-6 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K156-100
Caspase-7 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K157-100
Caspase-8 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K158-100
Caspase-9 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K159-100
Caspase-10 Drug Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K160-100
Caspase Screening Kit (FC) 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K200-25PK-CA577-K200-100
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Anoikis Assay Anoikis is a form of cellular apoptosis that is induced when cells de-tach from the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) with loss of the normal cell-matrix interactions . Anoikis is a hallmark of cancer, and cancer cells have exploited different strategies to acquire anoikis resi-stance that is essential for successful metastasis .PromoCell provides an easy-to-use, sensitive assay to measure an-oikis in viable cells (e .g . metastatic cell lines) . The ready-to-use kit includes all required reagents and a proprietary coated chamber that mimics anoikis conditions .
Applications Measuring cell anoikis in response to distinct stimuli Screening, studying, and characterizing compounds that
influence/induce anoikis
Features Simple, highly sensitive fluorometric method adaptable to high
throughput Results are obtained using a fluorescence plate reader .
Anoikis Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-694
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Caspase Activity Assay Kits
The Caspase Fluorometric and Colorimetric Assay Kits are intended for convenient, sensitive quantification of various caspase activities in cell lysates . The kits utilize synthetic peptides, which mimic the optimal substrate for different caspases and are labeled either with a fluorophore or a chromophore . Because each active caspase can cleave multiple substrates to release its fluorophores/chromophores, the amplified sensitivity makes these kits ideal for quantitative measure-ments using microwell plate readers .
Caspase-1 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K110-XXX*
Caspase-2 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K116-XXX*
Caspase-3 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K105-XXX*
Caspase-4 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K126-XXX*
Caspase-5 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K122-XXX*
Caspase-6 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K114-XXX*
Caspase-8 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K112-XXX*
Caspase-9 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K118-XXX*
Caspase-10 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K124-XXX*
Caspase-12 Fluorometric Assay Kit 25, 100 assays PK-CA577-K139-XXX*
Caspase-1 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K111-XXX*
Caspase-2 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K117-XXX*
Caspase-3 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K106-XXX*
Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K127-XXX*
Caspase-5 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K123-XXX*
Caspase-6 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K115-XXX*
Caspase-8 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K113-XXX*
Caspase-9 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K119-XXX*
Caspase-10 Colorimetric Assay Kit 25, 100, 200, 400 assays
PK-CA577-K125-XXX*
Caspase-3 Fluorometric & Colorimetric Assay Kit
25 assays100 assays
PK-CA707-30008-1PK-CA707-30008-2
Caspase-3 Fluorometric & Colorimetric Assay Kit (HTS)
1 ml10 ml100 ml
PK-CA707-30009-1PK-CA707-30009-2PK-CA707-30009-3
Caspase-8 Fluorometric & Colorimetric Assay Kit
25 assays100 assays
PK-CA707-30011-1PK-CA707-30011-2
Caspase-8 Fluorometric & Colorimetric Assay Kit (HTS)
1 ml10 ml100 ml
PK-CA707-30012-1PK-CA707-30012-2PK-CA707-30012-3
Caspase-3 Immunoassay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K163
Caspase-7 Immunoassay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K167
Product Name Size Catalog Number
*XXX stands for the respective package size: 25, 100, 200 or 400 assays .
Cell AnAlysis 23
apoptoSiS
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Assays
Mitochondria play an essential role in activating apoptosis in mam-malian cells, for example, causing the release of caspase activators (such as cytochrome c), changes in electron transport, loss of mito-chondrial transmembrane potential, altered cellular oxidation-reduc-tion, or participation of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins .
Applications Screening for apoptotic cells Analysis of apoptotic signal cascades
Features Fast, easy and highly sensitive Suited for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry with
cultured cells (Mitochondrial Staining and Cell Death Assay Kits) or in a Western blotting setup with cell lysates (Cytochrome c
Detection Kit)
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Staining Kit
Disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential is one of the earliest intracellular events that occurs when apoptosis is induced . The Mitochondrial Apoptosis Staining Kit provides a sensitive and simple, fluorescence-based in vitro assay for detecting mitochond-rial changes in apoptosis while distinguishing between healthy and apoptotic cells . The assay utilizes MitoStain, a novel cationic dye that fluoresces differently in healthy and apoptotic cells .
Cytochrome c Apoptosis Detection Kit
Cytochrome c, which occurs between the inner and outer mitochon-drial membranes, plays an important role in apoptosis . An apoptotic stimulus triggers the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol . The Cytochrome c Apoptosis Detection Kit uses Western blotting as an easy and effective means for detecting cytochrome c translocation from mitochondria into the cytosol during apoptosis .
Cell Death Assay Kit (MPTP)
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a nonspe-cific channel formed by components of the inner and outer mito-chondrial membranes, and is thought to be involved in the release of mitochondrial components such as cytochrome c during cell death and apoptosis .The Cell Death Assay Kit (MPTP) provides a direct method of detec-ting cell death by measuring MPTP opening rather than relying only on mitochondrial membrane potential .
Mitochondrial Apoptosis Staining Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K250-25PK-CA577-K250-100
Cytochrome c Apoptosis Detection Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K257
Cell Death Assay Kit (MPTP) 100 assays PK-CA577-K239
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Cathepsin, Calpain & Granzyme B Assays
Apoptosis can be mediated by mechanisms other than the caspase-mediated cleavage cascade, e .g ., via proteolytic enzymes such as lysosomal cathepsin proteases .
Applications Screening for apoptotic cells Quantitation of enzyme activity Identifying and characterizing enzyme inhibitors
Features Sensitive, non-radioactive method for screening for
Cathepsin, Calpain and Granzyme B activities Fast, easy procedures Enzyme activity in cell lysates can be quantified in an
automated high-throughput setup using multiwell formats
Cathepsin, Calpain & Granzyme B Activity Assay Kits
The Activity Assay Kits are based on fluorometric or colorimetric detection of various Cathepsins, Calpain, and Granzyme B in cell lysates or other biological samples . They utilize synthetic peptide substrates with the preferred recognition sequences for each enzyme coupled to a fluorophore or chromophore . After enzymatic cleavage, the free fluorophores and chromophores can be quantified using a fluorometer/photometer or microwell plate reader . The assay kits in-clude controls and are easy to perform, highly sensitive and reliable .
Cathepsin, Calpain & Granzyme B Inhibitor Screening Kits
The fluorometric Inhibitor Screening Kits include active enzymes and synthetic peptide substrates with the preferred recogni-tion sequences for each enzyme coupled to a fluorophore . The active enzyme cleaves the synthetic substrate and releases the fluorescent group, which can then be measured using a fluorometer/fluore scence plate reader . In the presence of potent inhibitors, the cleavage of the substrate is impeded and the relative efficacy of the test inhibitors are compared to positive control inhibitors included in the kits .
Cathepsin B Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K140
Cathepsin D Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K143
Cathepsin E Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K165
Cathepsin G Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K146
Cathepsin H Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K145
Cathepsin K Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K141
Cathepsin L Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K142
Cathepsin S Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K144
Cathepsin B Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K147
Cathepsin D Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K148
Cathepsin E Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K166
Cathepsin G Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K162
Cathepsin H Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K164
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Cell AnAlysis24
apoptoSiS
Apoptotic and Necrotic Cell Detection Apoptosis and necrosis, the two principal processes that lead to cell death, show several distinct differences . By means of specifically de-veloped fluorescent dyes, apoptotic cells can be reliably differentiated from necrotic and intact, healthy cells .
The Apoptotic/Necrotic Cells Detection Kit enables convenient quan-tification of apoptotic (green fluorescence) and necrotic (red fluore-scence) cells within the same cell population by flow cytometry, fluore-scence microscopy, or using a fluorescence-based cell analyzer .The Apoptotic/Necrotic/Healthy Cells Detection Kit additionally permits the detection and quantification of healthy, intact cells (blue fluorescence) .
Applications Identify and quantify apoptotic, necrotic and healthy cells in the
same population Toxicity screening
Features Simultaneous, highly sensitive detection of apoptotic, necrotic
and healthy cells in a single assay Fast, convenient one-step procedure - assays completed within
15 minutes Excitation and emission spectra are compatible with common
excitation sources and filter sets Detection by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry Suited for adherent and suspension cells
Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit I 50 assays PK-CA577-K120
Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit Iplus 50 assays PK-CA577-K130
Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit II 50 assays PK-CA577-K170
DNA Fragmentation Detection Kit I (BrdU) 60 assays PK-CA577-K401
DNA Fragmentation Detection Kit II (BrdU) 60 assays PK-CA577-K404
DNA Fragmentation Detection Kit III (F-dUTP) 50 assays PK-CA577-K402
DNA Fragmentation Detection Kit IV (IHC) 50 assays PK-CA577-K403
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Apoptotic/Necrotic Cells Detection Kit 50 assays PK-CA707-30017
Apoptotic/Necrotic/Healthy Cells Detection Kit
50 assays PK-CA707-30018
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation
Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation is a key sign of apoptosis in mammalian cells . PromoCell supplies different kits for detecting apoptotic DNA fragmentation in mammalian cells and tissues using fast, simple assay methods .
Applications Detecting apoptotically fragmented nucleosomal DNA Qualitative screening for apoptotic cells in mammalian cell
cultures and tissues
Features Rapid, convenient detection of apoptotic cells Detection of apoptosis at single cell level using the TUNEL-based
assays Compatible with standard lab equipment
With the Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit I, DNA preparation takes less than 90 minutes . Then the DNA fragments can be easily visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis . The kit allows the efficient recovery of small DNA fragments ensuring high sensitivity . A kit ver-sion (plus) containing a highly senstive DNA stain is also available .The Apoptotic DNA Ladder Detection Kit II allows highly selective isolation of apoptotic DNA ladders from tissues and cells with an apoptotic cell population of as little as 5% . The kit specifically extracts laddered DNA, not genomic DNA .
Our highly sensitive DNA Fragmentation Detection Kits are based on the TUNEL method and detect apoptotic DNA strand breaks in cell populations, tissue sections, and fixed cell preps using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or immunohistochemistry (IHC) . We provide green and red-fluorescent versions of a TUNEL assay based on BrdU incorporation (Kits I & II) as well as a version where fluorescein-dUTP (F-dUTP) is incorporated at the free 3’-hydroxyl ends of the fragmented DNA (Kit III) . This kit (as well as the colori-metric DNA Fragmentation Detection Kit IV) is also suited for tissue sections and fixed cell preparations .
Differentiating between apoptotic, necrotic and viable cells . HeLa cells stained with An nexin V-FITC (green), EthD-III (red) and Hoechst 33342 (blue) included in PromoCell´s Apop totic/Necrotic/Healthy Cells Detection Kit .
Cathepsin K Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K150
Cathepsin L Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K161
Cathepsin S Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K149
Calpain Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K240
Calpain-1 Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K244
Granzyme B Activity Assay Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K168
Granzyme B Inhibitor Screening Kit 100 assays PK-CA577-K169
Product Name Size Catalog Number
For a detailed list of all individual reagents such as active enzymes, substrates and inhibitors, please visit our website www .promocell .com .
Cell AnAlysis 25
apoptoSiS
Protein Kinase Assays
The activation of protein kinases, such as JNK and Akt (protein kinase B), plays an important role in apoptosis and other physiological and patho logical processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer . We therefore also provide a novel system for fast, convenient, and accurate measurement of JNK and Akt activities in cell lysates .
Applications
Fast and easy screening for apoptotic cells Sensitive kinase activity detection/screening
Features Highly sensitive and reproducible Fast, easy and adaptable for high throughput Compatible with common spectrophotometers/fluorometers and
multiwell plate readers
JNK Activity Detection Kit 40 assays PK-CA577-K431
Akt Activity Detection Kit 40 assays PK-CA577-K435
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Apoptotic Cell Isolation
The PromoCell Apoptotic Cell Isolation Kit provides a simple and ef-ficient means of isolating apoptotic cells or removing dead cells from cell culture or tissue preparations using Annexin V-coated magnetic beads (MagBeads) .
Applications Isolation of apoptotic cells Removal of dead cells from culture
Features Fast, simple, and efficient cell isolation/separation
Apoptotic Cell Isolation Kit 30 isolationss PK-CA577-K258
Magnetic Separator (reusable) 1 piece PK-CA577-K1999-1
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Apoptosis Inducers
Applications Induction of apoptotic processes Ideally suited for use with diverse apoptosis detection systems
Features High quality and stability Ready to use
Apoptosis Inducer Set 1 kit PK-CA577-K121-5
Apoptosis activator 2 2 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2784-5PK-CA577-2784-25
24(S)-Hydroxycholesterol 1 mg PK-CA577-2411-1
Actinomycin D (10 mM) 50 µl PK-CA577-1036-50
Actinomycin D 5 mg50 mg
PK-CA577-1036-5MGPK-CA577-1036-50MG
Anisomycin 10 mg PK-CA577-1549-10
AT-101 5 mg 25 mg
PK-CA577-2380-5 PK-CA577-2380-25
BAX Activator, BAM7 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2451-5PK-CA577-2451-25
Berberine Chloride 100 mg500 mg
PK-CA577-1830-100PK-CA577-1830-500
Betulinic acid 25 mg100 mg
PK-CA577-1552-25PK-CA577-1552-100
Bioymifi 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-9424-5PK-CA577-9424-25
Birinapant 1 mg5 mg
PK-CA577-2597-1PK-CA577-2597-5
Brefeldin A 5 mg50 mg
PK-CA577-1560-5PK-CA577-1560-50
BV6 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-B1332-5PK-CA577-B1332-25
C2 Ceramide 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2390-5PK-CA577-2390-25
Camptothecin 50 mg500 mg
PK-CA577-1039-50MGPK-CA577-1039-500MG
Camptothecin (2 mM) 1 ml PK-CA577-1039-1
Carboplatin 100 mg PK-CA577-1553-100
Colchicine 1 g PK-CA577-1519
Cycloheximide 1 g PK-CA577-1041-1G
Cycloheximide (100 mM) 1 ml PK-CA577-1041-1
Cyclosporine A 100 mg1 g
PK-CA577-1522-100PK-CA577-1522-1G
Cytochalasin D 1 mg5 mg
PK-CA577-B1176-1PK-CA577-B1176-5
Daunorubicin .HCl 10 mg50 mg
PK-CA577-1524-10PK-CA577-1524-50
Dexamethasone 1 g10 g
PK-CA577-1042-1GPK-CA577-1042-10G
Dexamethasone (10 mM) 1 ml PK-CA577-1042-1
Doxorubicin .HCl 5 mg PK-CA577-1527-5
DMXAA 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2804-5PK-CA577-2804-25
Embelin 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-B1600-5PK-CA577-B1600-25
Etoposide 25 mg250 mg
PK-CA577-1043-25MGPK-CA577-1043-250MG
Etoposide (10 mM) 100 µl PK-CA577-1043-100
F16 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-B1038-5PK-CA577-B1038-25
Product Name Size Catalog Number
PromoCell offers a select choice of high quality apoptosis inducers in ready-to-use form . Some of them are also available in a convenient set . The apoptosis inducers are well-characterized and effective for disrupting mitochondrial transmembrane potential and activating caspases as well as inducing phosphatidyl-serine (PS) exposure, DNA fragmentation, and other apoptotic characteristics .
Cell AnAlysis26
apoptoSiS & Cell FraCtionation/protein extraCtion
Forskolin 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-1531-5PK-CA577-1531-25
Gambogic acid 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2785-5PK-CA577-2785-25
GDC-0152 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-B1602-5PK-CA577-B1602-25
Genistein 10 mg100 mg
PK-CA577-1533-10PK-CA577-1533-100
Ionomycin (calcium salt) 1 mg5 mg
PK-CA577-1566-1PK-CA577-1566-5
Ionomycin (free acid) 1 mg5 mg
PK-CA577-1565-1PK-CA577-1565-5
JNJ-26854165 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2479-5PK-CA577-2479-25
Kaempferol 50 mg250 mg
PK-CA577-2523-50PK-CA577-2523-250
LCL161 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-B1601-5PK-CA577-B1601-25
LY573636 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2297-5PK-CA577-2297-25
Mifepristone 50 mg PK-CA577-1561-50
Mitomycin C 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2713-5PK-CA577-2713-25
Okadaic acid 25 µg PK-CA577-1543-25
Phorbol-12-myristate 13-ace-tate (PMA)
5 mg PK-CA577-1544-5
Phytosphingosine 50 mg250 mg
PK-CA577-2426-50PK-CA577-2426-250
Rapamycin 5 mg50 mg
PK-CA577-1568-5PK-CA577-1568-50
Raptinal 10 mg50 mg
PK-CA577-9626-10PK-CA577-9626-50
Rosiglitazone 5 mg100 mg
PK-CA577-1559-5PK-CA577-1559-100
Staurosporine 100 µg1 mg
PK-CA577-1048-010PK-CA577-1048-1
Tamoxifen citrate 1 g PK-CA577-1551
Thapsigargin 1 mg PK-CA577-1558-1
Tyrphostin AG 1295 5 mg PK-CA577-1571-5
Tyrphostin AG 490 5 mg PK-CA577-1570-5
VK3-OCH3 5 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-2694-5PK-CA577-2694-25
XAV939 1 mg PK-CA577-1727-1
Y-27632 1 mg25 mg
PK-CA577-1596-1PK-CA577-1596-25
Product Name Size Catalog Number Additional Tools for Apoptosis Research
PromoCell also supplies a wide range of anti bodies and ELISAs as well as recombinant proteins/peptides (e .g . enzymes, cyto-kines and growth factors) for apoptosis research . For details, please visit our website .
Cell Fractionation & Protein Extraction Kits
PromoCell provides a range of cell fractionation and protein ex-traction kits . The isolated proteins and separated cellular fractions are suitable for many downstream applications such as 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein immunoblotting, gel-shift assays, enzyme ac-tivity assays, reporter assays, and more .
Applications
Cellular protein extraction from mammalian cells Integral membrane protein extraction Cell surface protein isolation Preparation of highly enriched cellular fractions from mammalian
cells
Features Improved, convenient and efficient cell fractionation and
protein extraction Proteins and cell fractions can be used for many downstream
applications
For more information, please visit our website .
Mammalian Whole Cell Protein Extraction Kit
500 assays PK-CA577-K269
Membrane Protein Extraction Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K268
Cell Surface Protein Isolation Kit 10 assays PK-CA577-K295
Nuclear/Cytosol Fractionation Kit 25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K266-25PK-CA577-K266-100
Mitochondria/ Cytosol Fractionation Kit
25 assays100 assays
PK-CA577-K256-25PK-CA577-K256-100
Cytosol/ Particulate Fractionation Kit
50 assays PK-CA577-K267
Complete Cell Fractionation Kit 50 assays PK-CA577-K270
Mitochondria Isolation Kit (tissue & cultured cells)
50 assays PK-CA577-K288
Protease Inhibitor Cocktail 1 Vial PK-MB577-K271
Product Name Size Catalog Number
Please find an up-to-date list of available apoptosis inducers at our website .
Glutathione Assays
Glutathione (GSH) is one of the key antioxidants in cells - and it also plays a critical role in apoptosis . Diminished glutathione (GSH) levels occur in the early stages of apoptosis and are an early hallmark of apoptotic cell death .PromoCell supplies a range of fluorometric and colorimetric kits for detecting changes in glutathione levels during the course of apoptosis and other pathological processes .See page 11 for more information .
Cell AnAlysis 27
reSearCH areaS
Cancer Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
3D Cell Culture Matrices & Kits; see page 18
Angiogenesis, Cell Migration & Invasion Assays; see page 19
Cancer Cell Metabolism Assays; see page 13
Oxidative Stress Assays; see page 11
Cell Signaling & Protein Kinase Assays; see pages 20 and 25
Cancer Drug Research Assays; see page 16
Cancer Stem Cell Inhibitors/Anti-Cancer Agents; please visit our website
Antibodies & ELISAs for Cancer Research; please visit our website
Cytokines & Growth Factors for Cancer Research; please visit our website
Cancer Cell Culture Media (for primary cancer cells, cancer cell lines, tumorspheres); please visit our website
Cardiovascular Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
3D Cell Culture Matrices & Kits; see page 18
Glucose/Carbohydrate Metabolism Assays; see page 13
Lipid & Lipoprotein/Cholesterol Metabolism Assays; see page 14
Intracellular Signaling (fluorescent calcium indicators); see page 5
Cardiovascular Drug Research Assays; see page 16
Antibodies & ELISAs for Cardiovascular Research; please visit our website
Cytokines & Growth Factors for Cardiovascular Research; please visit our website
Human Primary Cells (e .g . cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, aortic & coronary artery endothelial cells) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Diabetes Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
Glucose/Carbohydrate Metabolism Assays; see page 13
Oxidative Stress & Cell Signaling Assays; see pages 11 and 20
Diabetes Drug Research Assays; see page 16
Antibodies & ELISAs for Diabetes Research; please visit our website
Cytokines & Growth Factors for Diabetes Research; please visit our website
Human Primary Cells (e .g . endothelial cells, renal epithelial cells, preadipocytes) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Immunology, Inflammation & Innate Immunity Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
Cell Migration & Phagocytosis Assays; see pages 19 and 20
Oxidative Stress Assays; see page 11
Cell Signaling & Protein Kinase Assays; see pages 20 and 25
Immunology/Inflammation Drug Research Assays; see page 16
Antibodies & ELISAs for Immunology/Inflammation Research; please visit our website
Cytokines & Growth Factors for Immunology/Inflammation; please visit our website
Human Primary Cells (e .g . macrophages, monocytes, PBMCs) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Obesity Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
Lipid & Lipoprotein/Cholesterol Metabolism Assays; see page 14
Obesity Drug Research Assays; see page 16
Antibodies & ELISAs for Obesity Research; please visit our website
Cytokines & Growth Factors for Obesity Research; please visit our website
Human Primary Cells (e .g . preadipocytes) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Respiratory Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
Oxidative Stress Assays; see page 11
Cell Invasion & Migration Assays; see page 19
Human Primary Cells (e .g . airway epithelial cells, bronchial & tracheal smooth muscle cells, pulmonary fibroblasts & pulmonary smooth muscle cells) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Dermatological Research Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
3D Cell Culture Matrices & Kits; see page 18
Cell Cycle & Senescence Assays; see page 3
Oxidative Stress & Aging Assays; see pages 11-12
Drug Screening Assays (e .g . tyrosinase inhibitor screening); see page 10
Human Primary Cells (e .g . keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts & dermal microvascular endothelial cells) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine Cell Health Assays (cell viability/proliferation, cytotoxicity & cell death/
apoptosis); see pages 3 – 5 and 21 – 25
3D Cell Culture Matrices & Kits; see page 18
Cell Staining Reagents; see page 4
Transfection of Stem Cells (MATra); please visit our website
Stem Cell Fate Regulators; please visit our website
Antibodies & ELISAs for Stem Cell Research; please visit our website
Cytokines & Growth Factors for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine; please visit our website
Human Primary Cells (mesenchymal stem cells, pericytes, hPSCs, osteoblasts, chondrocytes) & appropriate Growth Media; please visit our website
Related Products:
Cell Transfection Reagents PromoFectin (large range of primary cells and cell lines)
PromoFectin-HUVEC (primary endothelial cells and cell lines)
PromoFectin-Hepatocyte (primary hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines)
PromoFectin-Macrophage (primary macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells and the corresponding cell lines)
PromoFectin-siRNA & PromoFectin-mRNA
PromoFectin-CRISPR (for genome editing experiments)
Magnet Assisted Transfection (MATra; large range of primary cells and cell lines, adherent & suspension cells, DNA & siRNA transfection)
Reporter Assay Kits (Renilla & Firefly Luciferase, beta-Galactosidase, GFP) and numerous individual reporter assay reagents
For more information, please visit our website .
PromoCell GmbH
Sickingenstr. 63/6569126 HeidelbergGermany
Email: [email protected]
USA/CanadaPhone: 1 – 866 – 251 – 2860 (toll free)Fax: 1 – 866 – 827 – 9219 (toll free)
DeutschlandTelefon: 0800 – 776 66 23 (gebührenfrei)Fax: 0800 – 100 83 06 (gebührenfrei)
FranceTéléphone: 0800 – 90 93 32 (ligne verte)Téléfax: 0800 – 90 27 36 (ligne verte)
United KingdomPhone: 0800 – 96 03 33 (toll free)Fax: 0800 – 169 85 54 (toll free)
Other CountriesPhone: +49 6221 – 649 34 0Fax: +49 6221 – 649 34 40
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