c bo 9780511611773 a 011

I N D E X E S

Index of names

Abel. K.. 24Aebischer, P.,Alcala. P de. 6Aldrcte, B., 5, 14Alessio. G.. 107, 139Alfonso X, king of Castille and Leon, 3Algeo, A., 122Algeo, J., 122Anderson, J. M.. 37. 108Anglade, J., 65Anttila, R., 37Arlotto, A., 37Ascoli, G. I., 14Avitus, Alcimus, 65

Bailly, A., 28, 36Baist. G., 34, 51Baldinger. K., 52, 92Barbier. P., 50Barnhart, R. K., 109, 112Bartoli. M., 84-5Baltisti.C, 107, 139Bedier. J., 138Behrens, W., 52Benfey, T., 21Benveniste. E., 38, 95. 96. 98. 125Berneker, E., 56Bertoldi. V., 39, 92Bindseil, H. E., 12Bloch, O., 29, 105Bloch, R. H , 3Blondheim, D. S.. 30. 100Bloomfield, L., 38, 42, 101, 109Bloom field. M , 41Boas, F . 41Bolza, G. B , 32Bonaparte, Prince Louis-Lucien, 45

Bonfante, G., 84-5Bopp, F.. 9-10, 110. 140Bouton, C. P., 123Brachet, A., 11, 27-8.48Breal, M.. 10, 27, 28, 34, 35-6, 98Breuer, H , 47. 138Browne. W. R., 45Bruch, J., 81, 127Brugmann, K., 98Bruneau, C , 128Brunei, E.. 123Brunot, F., 128Buck, C. D.. 140Buhler, C , 33Burchfield, R. W., 108Burrow, T., 101, 108Bynon, T , 37

Cabrera, R.. 14, 32Caix, N., 106Calvet, L.-J., 123Candrea-Hecht. J. A., 46, 86Canello, U. A.. 28, 48Carter. C M . . 120-2Castro. A.. 52. 114, 115Cayley. C. B., 12Chambon. J.-P.. 106Chiappelli, F., 129Chiappini. F., 128Cihac. A. de, 46Clark, M. E., 122Clifford. P. M., 107Coelho, F. A., 14Cohen, M., 95-6Cornu. J.. 47, 163Corominas. J., 50, 102, 115, 116, 140-2,

143. 160

209

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Indexes

Coromines see CorominasCortelazzo, M., 107Covarrubias (H)orozco, Sebastian de, 5, 6,

14. 160Creore, J. A., 108Cuervo, R. J , 46Cueto, L. A. de. 160Curtius, E. R., 3Curtius, G., 18-19

Darmesteter. A.. 28-9, 30, 34, 51Darwin, C , 18Dauzat. A., 37, 102, 112, 119, 124Densusianu, O..46, 52, 86Devic. L. M., 27.46Devoto, G., 102, 107, 129Diez, F., 9. 10-11. 52, 56, 61, 110, 140Donalithius, C., 17Dozy, R. P. A., 46, 47Dubois, J., 102, 112Duden, K., 112, 133Duro, A.. 102, 107, 128

Eastwick, E. B., 10Ebel. H., 17Edgerton, W. F , 140Edgren, A. H., 21Edmont, E., 58Eggcr, E., 27Eguilaz y Yanguas, L. de. 27, 46Eilers. W., 113Emeneau, M. B., 101, 108Engelmann, W. H., 46Ernout, A. ix, 29, 50. 91, 96, 97, 162

Falk, H.,94Farinelli, A.. 78Feist, S., I l lFick, A., 18, 35Fillmore. C. J., 108Flechia, G., 106Foerster, W., 47, 138Folena, G.. 129Ford, J. D. M.,47, 138Forstemann, E., 19-20Fortunatov, F., 53Foulet. L., 47. 138Foy, W., 54Friedrichsen. G. W. S., 108Frings, T., 74-7Funk, C. E., 103

Gabelcntz, G. von der, 12. 13, 33Gamillscheg, E., 39, 50, 80. 81, 102, 105.

116, 127Garcia de Diego, V., 52, 114, 140, 160Gardiner, A. H . 33, 36

Gauchat, L.. 58, 80Gauthiot, R., 98Ghinassi, G., 130Giese, W., 160Gillieron, J., 33, 39, 58-9, 61, 71-2, 74.

79-80, 86Gobineau, J. A., comte de, 14Goddard, Y , 100Goetze. A., 142-3Gonzalez-Llubera, I., 107Gotze, A , 56Goyvaerts, D. L., 37Graff, E. G.. 10Grammont. M., 30Grandgagnage, C , 56Gray, L. H , 38Grebe, P., 134Green, J. N., 107Grimm, J., 7, 8. 10. 36. 43, 110, 112. 140Grimm, W , 43. 112Grober. G., 24, 51, 56, 65, 77Guarnerio, P. E., 86Guiraud, P., 120, 123-7, 132

Haeckel. E. H , 18Hall, Jr. R. A., 85. 106Hamp, E. P.. 37, 110Hanssen, F., 42, 137Harris, M., 108Hatzfeld, A . 29Heinimann, S., 87Heinrich von Veldeke, 76Henriquez Urena, P., 78Henson, J., 122Herzog, E., 52, 73Hesseling, D. C , 90Hiersche, R . I l lHildebrandt, R., I l lHockett.C. F., 38Hofler, M.. 47Hofmann, J. B.. 56, 102, 124Hofstra, T , 114Hoijer, H., 38Horning, A., 65Hotzenkocherle. R.. 94Hubschmann, H.. 54Hubschmid, J., 92, 118Humboldt, W. von, 12, 13-14

lordan. 1, 72, 107, 123Isidorus, bishop of Seville. 3Ivic, M.. 37

Jaberg, K., 39, 79, 86, 87-8. 129, 137Jakobson, R., 13, 125Jespersen, O., 101. 125Johanson, K J.. 53

210


Index of authors

Jokl. N., 92Joseph, B. D., 122Jud, J.. 44, 77, 79. 86-7, 92, 93, 129, 137.

140Justus, C. F., 37

Kahane, H., 89, 110, 117Kahane, R , 89. 90, 110, 117Kalepky, T.. 33Karg-Gasterstadt, E.. 76Klaeber, F. F., 47Klein, E., 103Kloeke, G. C , 94Kluge. F.,22, 46-7,48,56, 112Knoop, U., I l lKbrting, G., 52, 114Krahe, H., 56Kretschmer, P., 54, 94Kronasser, H., I l lKuhn. A., 15, 53

Lang, H. R., 163Langdon,M, 37Lapesa, R., 128Lehmann, W. P., 37, 111Leihener, E., 75Leite de Vasconcelos, J., 163Lejeune, M., 96, 99Lenz, R., 41Lepschy, G. C , 37Leroy, M., 37Leskien, A., 17Leumann, M , 98Levi, E., 106Lidade Malkiel, M. R , 78Littre, E., 26-7, 28, 46Lloyd, A. L . I l lLokotsch, K , 27Lommatzsch, E., 105Luft, W., 54Lutz, F., 48

Mahn, K. A. F., 14-15, 35Malkiel. Y., 37, 114Malmberg, B . 37Manno, G., 128Martineau, R., 44-5Matisoff, J. A., 109Matzel, K.. I l lMayans y Siscar, G., 5Mayer, K., 26Mayrhofer, M., 110, 113Meid, W., I l lMeier, H., 42. 52. 114, 115Meillet. A., ix, 29, 33, 50, 91, 95-8, 123,

140, 162Meister, R.. 54

Menage, G., 5, 6, 16Menendez Pidal, R.. 47. 51, 52. 83, 85,

92, 101, 113, 114, 138Meringer, R., 26. 60, 61-2, 98Meunier. L.-F., 28, 65Meyer, L.. 17Meyer-Lubke. W., 23, 50, 52, 56, 59, 60,

61. 62, 65. 69, 73. 80, 84. 85, 93-4,99, 102, 110. 114, 116, 117, 137, 140,154

Michaelis de Vasconcelos, C , 28, 34, 48,51,78, 163

Migliorini, B., 102, 107, 119. 120, 127-33Mikkola. J..61Miller. R. A., 142Mitterand, H.. 102, 112Mitzka. W.,56, 112Mongin, J . 86Monlau, P. F., 14,31, 117Morel-Fatio, A , 11Much. R.. 60-1, 62Miiller. B , 98, 106Muller. M., 21. 41Murko, M., 61,62Murray. J. A. H., 45

Nebrija. E. A. de, 5Neu, E., IllNiedermann, 98Noydens, B. R., 14

Olivieri, D., 107Onions. C. T., 102, 108Orr, J., 33, 72,79, 107, 123Orion, H , 33Osthoff, H , 22

Palmer, E., 38Panzini, A. , 127-8Paris, G.. 11, 28, 30Pattison, D. G., 107Paul, H., 22, 23, 25, 33, 38, 134, 140Pedersen, H , 53Peile, J., 21Pellis, U., 84Persson, P., 98Pezzi, D., 17Pfister, M.,39, 43, 82, 106, 139Pharies, D. A., 51Pianigiani, O., 106Piel, J. M., 117Pisani, V., 38-9, 106Plautus, 65Pogatscher, F., 62Polander-Suolahti, H , 94Posner, R., 107, 123Postgate, J. P., 44

211


Indexes

Pott, A. F., 12-14, 34, 35Preobrazenskij, A. G., 4Price, G., 37Puhvel, J., 110Puscariu, S.. 46, 52, 62

Ouadri. B., 93-5

Radin, P., 38Rajna, P., 77Ramisch, J., 75Rask, R. C.,7Read, W. A.. 100Rey, A., 124Rheinfelder. H , 78Richardson, H. B., 138Richter, O. 54Rieu, C..45Robert, P., 124Robins, R. H., 37Rohlfs, G., 117, 137, 140, 163Rolandi. U., 128Roques, M., 39Rosal, F. del, 160Ruiz, J., 138, 141

Sachs. G., 101Sainean, L., 125Salvioni, C 52, 62Sanchez, T. A., 6Sapir, E., 38,42, 100, 109Saussure. F. de, 20, 33. 38. 55, 107Scheler, A., 27. 56, 124Schiaffini, A., 128Schirmer, A., 56, 134Schleicher. A., 17-18. 29, 36. 73, 140Schmidt. J., 17, 53^»Schmitt, R., 113Schuchardt, H., 24-6, 30, 34. 59. 63-74,

80, 99, 154, 170Schulze. W., 98Schwarz, E., 94Sebeok. T. A., 37Seebold, E., 39Sherwin, R. T . 103Shipley. J .T . , 103Sievers, E.. 76Silveira. J. da, 160Singer. S., 94Skeat. W. W.. 31-2,45Solmsen, F., 98Sommer. F., 98Spiro, S..90Spitzer, L., 80, 81, 100, 115. 127, 130, 160Springer, O., I l lStaaff. E . 83Steiger. A.. 90

Steinmeyer, E. von, 76Steinthal, H.. 3, 14, 33.37Stevens, J . 30Stewart. G. R., 103Stokes, W., 54Sturtevant, E. H., 37, 42, 100-1, 140Subak, J.,52Sweet, H.. 32,33.45Symphosius, 65

Tagliavini, C , 90, 129Tappolet, E., 58, 59, 81, 83, 87Techmer, F. H. H.. 15Tedesco, P., 142Tekavcic, P.. 137Terlingen. J. H , 90Terracini, B. A., 130Thomas, A.. 22, 29-30, 51, 65, 73, 99Thumb, A., 54Tietze, A., 89-90Tilander. G., 100Tobler, A., 105Trautmann, R , 98Trier. J., 94Trubacev, O. N., 105

Ullman, S., 107

Valkhoff, M . 90Valmar. Marquis of, 163Vasmer, M., 90, 105Vendryes. J., 38, 140Verner, K., 21Vidos, B. E., 90Vidossi, G., 84Virgil. 65Virgilius, Grammaticus, 65

Wagner. M. L.. 61, 86, 117, 140Walde, A., 56, 102, 124Walsh. T. J., 158Wartburg, W. von. 29, 43, 50, 76-7, 80-2,

90. 105, 129. 147Watkins. C , 32. 110Weekley. E., 33. 36Wenker, G., 75Whitney, W. D., 20-1, 109Windisch. E., 18Winter, C . 60Wood. F. A.. 94-5, 101, 109Wrede, F.. 75Wrenn, C. L., 47Wright, R.. 107Wundt. W., 33

Zaccaria, E., 90Zambaldi. F . 65. 106

212


Index of concepts

Zamboni, A., 39. 106Zauner, A., 13. 59Zimmer. H.. 54Zink, G.. 123Zinsli. P.. 95Zolli, P., 107Zupitza, E . 53

Index of concepts

adoptions, culturally conditioneddeliberate, 22

Aegean territories, 144affixation, 131 see also prefixation;

suffixationAfrican, South and Central, 13Albanian, 53. 54Alpine words, 118Alpino-Lombard, 92American English, 121-2, 144analogy, 97

versus sound laws. 22, 23Anatolian, 110, 118

Ancient, 100Anglo-French. 32, 45anthologies, with appended etymological

bric-a-brac, 47anthropology, and etymology, 60anthroponymy. 13, 28, 35, 42, 83, 113antique etymologies, 3antonymy. 149Arabic, 6, 11.46, 144

Egyptian, Italianisms in, 90Aragonese, 115Aramaic. 46archaeology, links with etymology, 26archaisms. 97areal characterization

of Indo-Iranian, 97of Latin and Celtic. 97

areal distribution, 84-5Argentinian Spanish, 140Armenian, 10

Old, 54. 98articles

on etymology, 44development of, 51-7historique du probleme approach. 55-7.

170Aryan (Proto-Indo-European), 31. 32, 45Auseinandersetzung technique, 65-6Austria. 34Avestan, 10, 12

Balkan-Romance. 64, 84Basque. 13, 25. 35. 67. 106, 118. 144

Belgium, 26Berber, 25. 118. 144borrowings, 6, 22, 31, 133 see also lexical

diffusionBreton, 91. 106British Isles see United Kingdom

Canada, British. 100Caribbean languages, 100cartographic approach, 58, 59, 74case histories, etymological, 14-15, 19Catalan, 102, 141

Arabisms in, 90Old, 141

Celtic, 6, 10, 12, 19, 91, 97, 118celtomania, 6Central Europe. 41-2. 95. 99-100, 112-13, 133charters, 83Chinese, 142chromonyms, 126Churwalsch (Grisons' dialect. Western

Rhaeto-Romance). 64classical education, 117-18coinage, 28colloquial mistakes', 119comparative linguistics, 3, 34compounding, 28, 131

tautological and advocative, 126concordance of dialect forms. 80-2contamination. 163. 169conversational formulas. 144core vocabulary, 22correctness of spelling and grammar. 133-4costumes, local, 68cross-linguistic research, 144

conditioning factors, 147-9cultural considerations. 1. 99customs, local. 68

Dalmatian. 84Darwinism, 18, 29data collection, 146-9Denmark, 7derivation, 115-17derivational morphemes, included in

etymological studies. 115-16diachronic lexicology. 96. 99

and etymology, blurring of boundary,diachronic linguistics see historical

linguisticsdiachronic phonology, 45diachronic semasiology see lexical

semanticsdiachrony, 135dialect geography, x. 34, 58-9, 80. 84. 87.

112-13impact on etymology. 72-7

213


Indexes

dialect glossaries, 30, 82dialect maps, 113dialectology, and etymology, 30, 128dictionaries, 4

of standard languages, etymologicalinformation in, 134, 167-8

of word origins, in Language Xexpounded in Language Y, 105-6

dictionaries see also etymologicaldictionaries

didactics, 57documentation, 58-9, 112

growth of, 78-9, 80-2and time level factor, 91

doublets, 27, 31,48Dravidian, 101, 108Dutch, 31, 46, 144

Gallicisms in, 90

Eastern Europe, 'etymology' designatingmorphology and inflection, 4

Eastern Romance, 84economic considerations, and publishing,

effect on etymology, 42-3Egyptian, Old, 13, 24, 33English, 30, 31, 32, 33, 47-8, 91, 102, 103,

108, 116, 139, 144Middle, 90, 116Old, 32. 90

erosion, 113erotic words, 124, 125ethnography, and etymology, 26, 60Etruscan, 78etymological counterdictionary', 114-15etymological dictionaries, 2, 34, 168, 170

assessments in journals, 52comparative, 145fate after wars, 43as a genre, 101-4link with lexical thesaurus, 147merge with dialectological material, 43merge with historical dictionary, 43origins of, 4scale and selection of marginal

elements of lexis, 138-9shared responsibilities, 29standard layout, 14status in early twentieth century, 44

etymological glossaries, and philology, 47,48

etymological inquiryamateurishness, pre-1800, 7dilettanti, 103leisurely and circumstantially conducted,

63-71trouvaille or windfall, 73

etymological legends, from Antiquity, 13

etymological miniatures, 18-19, 29-30, 70,128

etymological researchchanging network of alliances, 136hypotheses of reconstructibility, 91-2legitimacy and perfectibility of modern

analysis, 143Meillet-school approach, 95-9status of in mid-nineteenth century, 16

etymological riddles, 78, 103, 122, 169•etymologies obscures', 124, 125, 127etymologists

pioneering, use of rival hypotheses fromearlier treatises, 6

'pure'(1500-1800). 5separatist, 12-14talents of, 85-7, 130

etymologizingdevelopment of the art or science of,

58-9from modern speech to prehistoric

languages, 118-19innovations in, 71introductions to the art of, 106methodically assembled recording, 82methodological stages, 169witty approach to, 79, 103

etymologyabsence of theory, 135, 146, 164as an identificational discipline, 2, 85attitudes to its role in linguistic practice,

16-21, 107-8bracketed with lexicology, 107and collateral interests, 113concern with residual problems, 54crisis of self-contradiction, xi, 167development as a genuinely historical

discipline, 29for etymology's sake, 30exclusion from serious linguistic

pursuits, 55in the first half of the twentieth century,

41-104guides to, bibliography. 38-9integrative approach, (with

historico-comparative grammar), 8,9-12

loss of esteem for traditions, 135-6multidimensional, 60-3multiple causation, 67, 125-6, 136-7in the nineteenth century, 1-39prestige in academic linguistics, 103proposed hypothesis, 149-64proposed modern method of data

collection, 147-9reasons for contemporary loss of status.

214


Index of concepts

in the second half of the twentiethcentury, 105-65

a semi-autonomous discipline, 88separatist approach, 12-14status in academic environments, second

half of the twentieth century, 134-5structural, 125-6styles of research, first half of the

twentieth century, 95suggestions for rejuvenation, 143-65transmuted into an academic discipline,

16use of term, 1, 96

avoidance of use of term, 142, 168Whitney's endorsement of, 20see also 'false etymology"; folk

etymology; 'popular etymology"Eurafrican, 118Europe. 15(KM800, etymological

scholarship 4-6 see also CentralEurope; Eastern Europe

exotica, etymological vocabulary of, 27expressivity', 169

'false etymology', 20false regression (or restoration), 59, 79fieldwork, 30, 79Finnish, 114Finno-Ugric, 99folk etymology, 19-20, 55, 59. 72, 79folklore, and etymology, 35, 36, 60, 68foreignisms, dictionaries of, 90France, 34, 42, 123-7

historical linguistics, 26-30Franco-Provencal, 118French, 11, 27, 28, 46, 50, 51. 56. 64, 80,

102, 105. 126, 130, 133. 146Castilianisms in, 6Italianisms in, 6, 90Middle, 124Old, 90-1, 106, 115. 123, 124. 125

French-Swiss, 64

Gallo-Romance. 80, 105Northern, 144

Gascon, 59. 118general linguistics. 33, 55, 147general philology see general linguisticsgenetic explanation in etymology, and

cross-temporal concordances inphilology. 57

'geographico-linguistic' inquiries, 14German. 19. 47. 48. 76. 105, 106, 112,

114. 134Danubian dialect, 76, 144Latinisms in dialects of Rhine and

Danube valleys, 76

Old High, 76, 134Old Low, 31Rhenish dialect, 76, 144Standard, 76

German scholarship, zenith of, 41-2Germanic, 8, 10, 11, 12, 61, 67, 94Germanicist research, 94-5Germany. 34, 114-15

birth of historico-comparative linguistics,7-8

folk etymology, 19-20post-war, 110-12rise of Neo-grammarians, 21

glossaries, 17, 138emergence of, 4modern language for words of oriental

extraction, 46to literary texts. 101see also etymological glossaries

glotto-diachrony, 134glottologists, Italian, 84. 92Gothic, 10, 12, 54, 134Graeco-Latin, 11graphic illustrations see pictorial

representationGreek. 2, 10, 12, 18-19, 28, 35, 36, 50, 54,

61. 67, 96. 106. 117, 118, 119, 131Byzantine variety, 110Middle, 89Modern. 89, 90

Grisons dialect (WesternRhaeto-Romance), 64

grouping of words, for etymologicalresearch, 142-3

gypsy language, 14

Hebrew, 6, 46Hellenisms. 146Hispano-Basque, 118Hispano-Romance, 59, 84

Arabisms in, 140historical grammar, bonds with etymology.

8. 96-7historical linguistics

bibliography, 37establishmentarian, 24status of, 103

historico-comparative linguisticsbirth of. 7-12and etymology. 9-12

Historische Wortforschung', 111history, influence of discipline on

etymology, 2Hittite. 110. 142-3, 168homonymy.31. 33, 113

avoidance of, 72, 79. 146, 149homophony, threat of, 59, 97

215


Indexes

humour, effects of, 146Hungarian, 67hydronymy, 35, 91, 113

Iberian, 118Ibero-Romance see Hispano-RomanceIcelandic, 31iconography, 34identification formula, 85individual word studies, 112, 132individualism, in etymological research,

63-74Indo-European, 9-10, 17-18, 21, 24, 26,

31-2, 85, 91-2, 96, 97, 103, 106, 110,143

Indo-Hittite hypothesis (Sturtevant), 100-1Indo-Iranian, 97inflection, 7inflectional morphemes, included in

etymological studies, 115-16interjections, 144interview techniques, 79Iranian, 118

Old, 95Irish, 54. 91

Old, 54isoglosses, 75Italian, 11, 16, 64, 89. 102, 106, 107, 128,

130, 137, 139Anglicisms in, 132Hispanisms in, 90North, 133Old, 129South-Central dialects, 25

Italianisms. 90, 146Italo-Romance, 117Italy, 106-7. 127-33

Japanese, 13Javanese. 13journals see periodicalsJudaeo-French, Old, 30, 100Junggrammatiker see Neogrammarians

kinship terms, 58, 83, 126Kullurgeograph (Frings), 75

language families, 91-2Latin, 2, 5, 10, 12, 28, 36, 42, 50, 54, 56,

59, 64, 67, 78, 91, 96, 97, 102, 106.110, 115, 117, 118, 119, 131, 145, 146

Folk, 144Medieval, 24Vulgar, 24, 141

Latinity, circum-Adriatic, 84'lexical archaeology', xlexical diffusion. 3, 133, 169

contact-through-conflict, 114study of maritime zones, 114

lexical diffusion see also borrowings; loans;migration of words

lexical losses, 97record from languages of Antiquity and

early Middle Ages, 145and substitution, 112-13

lexical semantics, 13, 28, 34, 60, 94, 112see also sematology or semasiology

lexicography. 22, 43, 82, 102lexicology, 17, 27, 34, 43, 59, 60, 72

bracketed with etymology, 107, 109and grammar, 28and material civilization. 113pure. 68

linguistic atlases, 89linguistic science, 7, 41linguistics, histories of, bibliography, 37linguists, advanced and the layman, 103literary research

and etymology, 3, 76, 77-8loosening of bonds with etymology, 138medieval literature, and etymology, 11,

83Lithuanian, 10, 12, 17. 36loan words, 42Lombard, 62Luso-Romance. 84

magic, and etymology of personal names,1

Manx, 91material civilization

and etymology, 25, 60-3and lexicology, 113

maurofilia, 6medieval Europe, mysticism and

etymology, 1-2microtoponymy, 91, 133migration of words, 2-3, 25, 89-90missionaries, 5monographs

etymological, 34, 44, 145, 167, 170development of, 63-72

morphology, 7-8and the Neogrammarians, 21-2relationship with etymology, 115-17,

162-3mysticism, and etymology, 1-2mythology, and etymology, 35, 36

Near East. 113Ancient, 100

neo-etymology, 119-23Neogrammarians, 7, 21-4, 136

and etymology, 21-4, 170

216


Index of concepts

reaction to, 24-6Neolinguistic school, 74, 84-5neologisms, 127, 130, 132

etymological study of, 117-19scientific, 139

'new etymology', 74-7, 87Nordic, 83Norse, Old, 134North America, 109notes, etymological, 44, 48-50, 54noun, concentration on the, x, 112, 113numerology, 13, 86, 88

ancient, 99Indo-European, 96, 97-8

obscurity, degrees of, 91-2Occitan, 29, 118. 125

palaeo-Hellenisms in, 90Oceanic languages, 96onomasiology, 13. 34, 59-60, 87, 92-5, 112

and dialect geography, 92-3use of term, 13. 59see also semasiology, synonymies

onomastic studies, 13, 33Oriental languages, 21, 110origins of languages, 5oronyms, 91, 113Osco-Umbrian, 92

Palaeo-Indo-European, 53, 99, 109Palaeo-Slavic, 10parables, 1-2periodicals

(1840s), 15-16and neo-etymology, 119-23status of etymology in, xi, 167

periodization. in search for word origins,90-1

Persian, 10. 12, 45. 46, 54Middle, 98Old, 13, 28, 36, 54

personal names see anthroponymsphilology

cross-temporal concordances, andgenetic explanation in etymology, 57

and etymological glossaries, 47, 48phonologies, miniature historical, 5, 6phonology

contrastive synchronic, 45diachronic, effect on etymology, 8-9and the Neo-grammarians, 21

phonosymbolism, 13, 81. 88, 125-6, 146,149, 169

phytonymy, 80, 92pictorial representations, x, 25, 60-3, 68,

79, 121pitch contour, of interjections and

conversational formulas, 144place names see toponymypolitical change, and etymology, 41-3polysemy. 2'popular etymology', 20, 33Portuguese. 11, 46, 71

Arabisms in, 90post-Renaissance etymology, 6-7prefixation. 115-16, 131. 139'prefixoids', 131proper names, ix. 1, 33, 113

changes in later life. 1for children, 1and etymology, 13. 35migration of, with fashion, 89popular studies of, 43shifts to common nouns, 127study of, and etymology, 36-7

Proto-Germanic, 134Proto-Indo-European, 53, 134proto-language, 17Provencal, 11

Old, 6, 125psycho-linguistic inquiry, 26publishing

expenses of, 137-8restrictions on etymological research,

145status of etymology in, xi, 42-3

puns, 146'pure' etymology, 5, 14, 140

Quellenforschung, 11questionnaires, use in data collection, 58

reconstruction of lexical forms, 24, 91-2recurrent meaning, 92-5reduplicative formations, 149Reliklwoner (residual Romance words), 92Renaissance etymology, 6reviews of etymological articles in

periodicals (mid nineteenth century),15-16

Rhaeto-Romance dialects, 92Western, 64

rhetoric, 57Romance, 22-3, 24, 25, 28. 35, 42. 50, 56,

58,59, 67,83,85, 88,91,99, 110, 114Romance comparative etymology, forms

rather than meanings, 22-3Romance scholarship, 63-73. 88-9, 116-17

United States, 110Romanian, 11. 46, 52, 62, 67, 84, 99Romano-Germanic symbiosis, 77Romaunsch, 62Russia, 4, 106

pre-Revolutionary, 4

217


Indexes

Russian, 4, 105, 144

Sanskrit, 10, 12, 21, 53, 101, 106, 110Sardic, 25, 71, 117, 118

Old, 86Saxon, 75Scandinavian, 31Schlimmbesserungen (unintentional

changes for the worse), 56scientific terms, 119semantic adaptation, 133semantic rapprochement, 97semantics, 124 see also lexical semanticssemasiology, use of term, 59 see also

lexical semantics; onomasiologysemiology see semanticsSemitic, 96, 109Serbo-Croatian, Neo-Hellenisms in, 90settlements, history of, and

word-and-name-history, 113-14Sicilian, Arabisms in, 90Sino-Tibetan, 109slang words, 119Slavic. 10, 12, 19, 56, 67, 142Slavonic, Old, 10Slovene, 62sociolinguistics, debt to dialect geography,

74Sogdian, 95, 98sound laws, 12, 148

versus analogy, 22, 23sound symbolism see phonosymbolismsource languages, outside Graeco-Roman,

6South American, 143Spanish. 6, 11, 30, 31. 46, 51, 71, 106,

113, 114, 116, 137, 141, 143, 146Arabisms in, 90Italianisms in, 6, 90Old, 143Southern, 144

standardization. 133-4structural etymology, 125-6

systematic analysis of primitives, 143-4stylistics, 57subjectivity, 54-5, 136suffixation, 70-1, 116-17, 131superstitions, 68Switzerland, 34symbolism, 1-2synchrony. 132, 135synonymies, 34, 57-9 see also

onomasiologysynonymy, 149

cross-linguistic. 93-4, 149

taboo, social, 150, 169

Tartar, 144Teutonic see Germanicthesaurus, and etymological dictionary, 43,

147Thuringian. 17, 36toponymy, 13, 27, 31, 35, 42, 45, 83, 91,

92, 113Turkish, 46, 89, 110. 144

Anatolian. 118Italianisms in, 90

Turkish-Caucasian, 118

United Kingdom, 30-3, 107-8United States, 42. 100-1, 109-10, 120-3Upper Garonne valley dialect, 140Urschopfung (spontaneous creation) of

words, 23. 25

Vedic, 21Vietnamese, 106vocabularies, 4Volkseiymologie, 19'Volkstum und Kultur' perspective, 68

V/anderwoner 89 see also migration ofwords

Welsh, 91West Germanic, 8word biographies, ix, 25, 29, 129-30, 169

ethnoglottal selection, 45-6related to literary text or genre, 46, 47,

77-8restricted by social class, 46, 47as separate individual inquiries, 45-6single form-class, 46specialized topics, 46, 47

word families, 139etymologically bracketed, 23or word clans (Wortsippen), 61-2

word histories, 9, 27, 34, 66anecdotal, 43and areal distribution, 80prehistory and stratification, 83

word indexes, 130, 137word origins, 133

dictionaries of, 105-6periodization, 90-1scholarly inquiry into, 43-4

word-and-name-history, and history ofsettlements, 113-14

word-formation, 28bracketed with historical grammar,

116-17Romance, 131

word-order, 107Woner und Sachen school, x, 26, 33, 34,

60-3, 84, 165

218


Latin and other bases

Zend see Avestanzoonymy, 13, 81, 87, 113

Index of words

Latin and other bases

aequdre (Lat), 152, 164aesumare (Lat.), 154, 163aestumare (Lat.), 77, 154, 163, 164affldre (Lat.). 85amita (Lat.), 83amygdala (Gk.), 83-antia (Lat), 121aperire (Lat), 95, 98-arius (Lat), 83autumare (Lat.), 77, 154avunculus (Lat), 83

'Parxar (Sogdian), 98bassus (Lat.), 158BAST- (Gk., Germanic), 61bastdzem (Gk), 61bellus (Lat), 84'bonakia (Lat), 121bottom (Eng.), 122bucca (Lat.), 59

casa (Lat). 136cerno (Lat), 96cilium (Lat), 59cisterna (Lat), 73clocca (Lat), 68, 69cochlea (Lat), 68, 69'combonia (Celtic?), 161concerno (Lat), 97concrelus (Lat.), 97'conuortia (Lat), 159convolutus (Lat), 161cor (Lat.), 59, 152cresco (Lat), 96crumena (Lat), 93cubitus (Lat), 59cuneu (Lat), 156cusculium (Lat), 69

dare (Lat), 44'-dere (Lat), 44dlcere (Lat), 95, 98dikeln (Gk), 8discus (Lat), 8diskos (Gk), 8

est opus (Lat.), 87

ferrum (Lat), 7

'ficatum (Lat.), 151firmdre (Lat.), 7formosus (Lat.), 84fungidus (Lat), 65

genkulumlgenuculum (Lat), 59gingiua (Lat), 59glis (Lat.), 93grammatica (Lat.), 132

Hispdniscus (Lat), 83Hispanus (Lat), 83

-ia (Lat), 159idn(u)a (Lat.), 151tecur (Lat.), 28. 151-2, 164•(i)eniia (Lat.), 121ilex (Lat.), 73indicare (Lat), 98interficere (Lat), 158

iudex (Lat), 98

jelek (Turkish), 68

'kosja (onomatopoeic), 94

longinquus ( L a t ) , 98

mactare (Lat), 156malakia (Gk), 121malakos (Gk), 121malefdlius (Lat), 64mat (Arabic), 156maxilla (Lat), 59•mo- (Lat), 97mola (Lat), 59molere (Lat), 62musculus (Lat), 69'muslidus (Lat), 65

nasus (Lat), 59nat- (Lat), 153, 163nature (Lat.), 153natus (Lat.), 152necdre (Lat), 158nitela (Lat), 93, 94nurus (Lat), 153, 164

occidere (Lat), 158operire (Lat), 95, 98opus est (Lat), 87•ora (Lat.), 83

paries (Lat), 98pectus (Lat.), 59pendeo (Lat), 62pendo (Lat), 62

219


Indexes

perdo (Lat.). 162. 163persona (Lat.), 78pinsere (Lat.), 62pons (Lat), 62pronus (Lat), 94propinquus (Lat.), 95, 98protos (Gk.), 96, 99

rapum (Lat), 94re- (Lat), 116, 155rubidus (Lat), 65ruga (Lat.), 83ruscidus (Lat), 65ruscum (Lat), 65'ruspidus (Lat), 65rusium (Lat.), 65

'sabius (Lat), 64sabucus (Lat.), 83salus (Lat.), 95, 98saluus (Lat.), 98sambucus (Lat), 83sanus (Lat) . 98sapere (Lat), 64-5"sapere (Lat), 64sapidus (Lat), 64, 65-6sapiens (Lat), 64'sapius (Lat), 64sari (Lat), 65skiurus (Lat.), 94'skurius (Lat), 94sollus (Lat), 98sonare (Lat ), 78spargo (Lat), 162, 163spe'ndo (Gk), 62spondeo (Lat), 62

thia (Lat.), 83thius (Lat.), 83-to- (Gk.), 97'tomjan (Germanic), 77'torquidus (Lat), 65turba (Lat.), 69lurbare (Lat.), 26. 64, 68, 69, 70, 71tutare (Lat), 158tutus (Lat.), 158

uenter (Lat.), 59uerto (Lat.). 159. 163uiuerra (Lat.), 93uorto (Lat), 159, 163

Vauxhall (Eng.), 133veruculum (Lat.), 7vihara (Sanskrit). 98

Romance and other outcomes

abaixar (Port.), 158abbassare ( I t ) , 158abeille (FT.). 58, 72acezar (Sp), 143achar (Port). 85aeromobile ( I t ) , 131allende (Sp.), 143alter (Fr.). 57, 102alrededor (Sp.), 143amatar (Old Sp), 157amatar (Port). 158, 164amatar (Sp), 156ammattire (It.), 157ammazzare ( I t ) , 157Amparo (Sp), 1aquende (Sp), 143archi- (Eng.), 139arci- ( I t ) , 131arpado (Classical Sp). 78asesinar (Sp.), 159, 164aune (Fr.), 86avec (Fr) , 102avette (Fr.), 58aveugle (Fr.), 144avuec (Old Fr ) . 102

baisser (Fr) . 158(a)baixar (Port.), 158bajar (Sp), 158barba (North I t . ) , 85barocco (I t .) , 133baxar (Old S p ) , 158beaulbelle ( F r ) , 84belka (Russian), 93bellaco (Sp), 143bello (It.), 84berceau (Fr) , 160, 161bobo (Sp), 144Bodensee (Germ), 19bonanza (Amer. Eng), 121bostezar (Sp), 143Braue (Germ), 62brezo (Old Sp), 160-1brizo (Old Sp.), 160-1Briicke (Germ), 62bum (Eng), 122-burg (Germ), 19

calvo (Sp.), 143cansar (Sp./Port.), 23cansare (It.), 22caracoi (Sp), 143carattere (It.), 132casa (Florentine), 136casa (Port.), 136

220



casa (Sp.). 136charmelcharmer ( F r ) , 132checkmate (Eng.), 156chez (Fr) , 136-7chiquer (Fr) , 126Churwalsch (Orison's dialect. Western

Rhaeto-Romance), 64ciego (Sp.), 143cteus (Old Fr ) , 144com (Fr.). 156cojo (Sp.), 143colmar (Sp), 93colmena (Sp), 93colmo (Sp), 93combleza (Sp.), 159-62, 163comblueca (Old Sp), 160, 161comblueco (Old Sp), 161comborca (Old Port), 159-60combrueca (Old Sp), 159, 163Consuelo (Sp), 1cor (Port), 152coracon (Old Sp./Old Port), 152cormena (Sp). 93corvo (Sp), 144cuer (Old Sp), 152curio (Sp), 156

-dam (m) (Germ), 19de- (French), 116desco ( I t ) , 8desk (Eng.). 8disc (Old Eng), 8discus (Eng.), 8dish (Eng), 8dish (Middle Eng), 8disk (Eng.), 8Do/orej (Sp), 1Dotty (Russian), 89

ecureuil (Fr) , 94Eichkatzchen (Germ), 93embadurnar (Sp), 143-en (Eng), 115-16en- (Eng), 115-16escarmiento (Sp), 143esquirol (Aragonese), 94essette (Fr.). 72eslovoir (Old Fr ) , 87extra- (Eng), 139

/a//ar (Old Sp) , 85farxar (Middle Persian), 98fascinolfascinare (I t .) , 133fashionable (in Russian), 89fermare ( I t ) , 7fermer (Fr.), 7/erro//io(Port), 7

/7ao> (Sp). 144foie (Fr.). 151formoso (Port.), 84frumos (Romanian), 84

garra (Sp.). 143gilet (Fr.), 68gim(ant)- (Hittite), 143glamour (Eng.), 132Graubundner (Grisons dialect. Western

Rhaeto-Romance), 64grimoire (Fr), 132guisanle (Sp), 143

haise (Fr.), 77hallar (Sp.), 85hameSha(nt)- (Hittite), 143Hees (Germ), 77Heister (Germ), 77hermoso (Sp.), 84hetre (Fr.), 77higado (Sp.), 151hueco (Sp), 143hyper- (Eng), 139

•ico- ( I t ) , 131iguaria (Port), 151-2. 164incanto ( I t ) , 133infra- (Eng.), 139inter- (Eng), 139m/ra- (Eng), 139iper- (It.), 131tfpan/- (Hittite), 143-ma- ( I t ) , 131-istico- ( I t ) , 131

janela (Port), 151joroba (Sp), 143

*a.(a/a (Arabic), 158kat:ala (Arabic), 158Kitty (Russian), 89Klotz (Germ), 62

lelo (Sp.), 144lerdo (Sp.), 144liu (Chinese), 142lukat- (Hittite). 143

madrono (Sp), 73malia ( I t ) , 133manco (Sp), 144marrano (Sp), 78masse (Fr) , 157massue (Fr.), 157matador (Sp), 156malar (Sp./Port), 156-9, 163

221


Indexes

malto ( I t ) , 157mauvais (Fr) , 64maza (Sp), 157mazo (Sp.), 157mazza (It.), 157mazzo (It.), 157memo (Sp), 144mensonge (Fr.), 87menlira (Sp), 87menzogna (It.), 87mouche a miel (Fr) ,mudo (Sp), 144

58

Nadal (Port), 152nadar (Sp), 153Nael (Old Fr ) , 153naglb (Slavic), 142narc (Amer. Eng.), 121nark (Eng.), 122narky (Eng.), 122Natale ( I t ) , 152Na(ti)vidad (Sp.), 152, 164/VeW(Old Fr.), 153negarse (Sp.), 158nekut- (Hittite), 143Noel(¥r.), 152-3, 163nouer (Fr) , 153mwra (Sp), 153nuez (Sp), 153nuotare ( I t ) , 153, 163

occire (Old Fr ) , 158okay (Amer. Eng), 144oltra- (It.), 131oltre- (It.), 131-ons (French), 116orondo (Sp), 143

parson (Eng.), 78paiata (Sp), 78perder (Port), 162-3perder (Sp), 162personne ( F r ) , 78pessoa (Port), 78*pllbn^ (Slavic), 142poutre (Fr) , 86praeter- (Eng.), 139pre- (Eng), 139proto- (Eng.), 139pulsen (Germ), 70

Rachel (Heb), 1radiodiffusione ( I t ) , 131re- (French), 116recoin (Fr) , 156rematar (Sp.), 156rencdn (Sp), 155

rincon (Sp.), 154-6, 164Rozdeslvo (Russian), 152rue (Fr.), 83

sabe (Ladin = Central Rhaeto-Romance),64

sabi (Catalan), 64sabi (Ladin = Central Rhaeto-Romance),

64sabi (Old Provencal and modern Occitan),

64sabio (Sp. and Port), 64sabiu (Sardic), 64sage (Fr) , 64sage (Old Provencal and modern Occitan),

64saggio (Tuscan and Neapolitan), 64saive (Old Fr ) , 64sapio (Tuscan and Neapolitan), 64saudade (Port.), 78savi (Catalan), 64savi (Old Provencal and modern Occitan),

64savi (Piedmontese and Lombard), 64savio (Tuscan and Neapolitan), 64savio (Veneto), 64Schalk (Germ). 62scipidu (Sardic), 65se noyer (Fr) , 158iiwat- (Hittite), 143snark (Eng.), 122snarky (Eng. /Amer. Eng), 121-2soidade (Port), 78sonso (Sp.), 144sopra- (It.), 131sor- (It.), 131sordo (Sp), 144sotto- (It.), 131sourd (Fr) , 144sovra- (It.), 131squirrel (Eng.), 92-4stra- ( I t ) , 131sub- (It.), 131subier- (Eng), 139super- (Eng), 139super- ( I t ) , 131supra- (Eng.), 139

taquer (Fr) , 125-6tia (Sp), 83tio (Sp.), 83liquer (Fr.), 125-6rise (Old High German), 8iisk (Old Saxon), 8tomar (Sp./Port.) 77, 154, 164lomate (Sp.), 78tonto (Sp.), 144

222



toquer (Fr.), 125-6 uccidere (It.), 158Ira- (Eng), 139trans- (Eng.), 139 voksdl (Russian), 133tripular (Sp.), 143irobar (Provencal). 67 ( H i ( t j t , 4 3

Irou (Fr.), 71rrowver (Fr.), 25, 57, 64, 67, 68, 71, 102

;„ / i o yeeua (Sp), 152frovare ( I t ) , 68 ' s.. ) , ' c . 1CT/rOwer (Old Fr ) , 67 J ^ 1 1 ( O l d SP »' 1 5 2

rruwar (Rhaeto-Romance), 68/u?r (Fr.), 158, 164 zamfo (Sp.), 144me»o (Sp), 144 zena(nl)- (Hittite), 143

z»'a(It.). 83•u (French), 116 zio (It.), 83uber- (Germ), 131 zonzo (Sp), 144

223


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