CATHOLICS AND PROTESTANTS

COUNCIL OF TRENT

The Catholic Church realized it needed to make some changes.

The Council of Trent was a group of bishops who met throughout 1545-1563 to discuss different reforms.

1. Stopped selling indulgences2. Gave priests and bishops rules to follow3. Set up a seminary to train new priests

SPANISH INQUISITION

A religious court set out to find and punish those guilty of heresy- beliefs that opposed Church teaching Executed 2,000 Spaniards

Arts still flourished in Spain

Cervantes wrote Don Quixote; tale of a comical knight and his servant

THE SPANISH ARMADA England became very

powerful under Queen Elizabeth I

Spain was the leading Catholic power under Philip II They supported each other

until: The English helped the Dutch

attack Spain for freedom Spain retaliated sending the

Spanish Armada

SPANISH ARMADA A huge fleet of ships was sent

to England England was prepared to break

their formations English had smaller, faster ships Spain had big ships with many

guns

The English were able to bring a retreat from the Spanish by funneling the Spanish through the English Channel.

Spain was still powerful, but it was noted that England could defeat them…. now they are rivals.

Queen Elizabeth I

FRENCH CONFLICT

France was mostly Catholic, but there were some Protestants- known as the Huguenots

King of France died and his 10 year old son became king- Charles

His mother- Catherine de’Medici- ruled on his behalf

Catherine tried to appease both sides (Catholic and Protestants)

FRENCH CIVIL WAR

Catherine tried to keep the peace, but she then allowed Catholic nobles to kill the leading Huguenots in Paris in 1572

Catholics formed mobs and killed many Protestants and burned their homes

Many Protestants fled France, but those who stayed behind were led by a Huguenot prince- Henry of Navarre of the Bourbon Family He was in line for the throne of France

HENRY OF NAVARRE Henry of Navarre became

King Henry IV of France in 1589

He wanted to restore peace, so he converted to Catholicism.

1598 he issued the Edict of Nantes which made Catholicism the official religion of France, but Huguenots could worship freely.

THIRTY YEARS’ WAR

Most violent religious war during the Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire.

Protestant nobles rebelled in Bohemia against their Catholic king

The German Protestants protested, too- then it spread all across the empire.

Lasted from 1618-1648

Sweden and Denmark supported the Protestants (sent troops)

Spain and the Holy Roman Empire supported the Catholics

France wanting to gain power helped the Protestants

Turned into a war over religion, territory, wealth, and power

Germans suffered tremendously

The Holy Roman Emperor asked for peace

A peace treaty was signed- Peace of Westphalia

War weakened Spain and the HRE; made France stronger