C2H6

ethane C3H6Opropanal

SO2

sulfur dioxide

CO2

Carbon dioxide NH3

ammoniaCCl4

Carbon tetrachloride

H2OWater C3H9N

Propan-1-amine

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry• Chemistry of carbon compounds• First carbon compounds studied came from living

organisms ∴Organic• Approx 90% of all compounds are organic• Other compounds are referred to as inorganic• Over 10 million compounds have been identified

o About 1000 new ones are identified each day!

• What are some properties of Organic Compounds?

CarbonCarbon• Can create 4 bonds with other atoms• It is capable of forming long chains

• It can create ring structures

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons often contain long chainsof C-C bonds

Naming Organic Naming Organic compoundscompounds

No. of carbon atoms

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Prefix Meth Eth Prop But Pent Hex Hept Oct

AlkanesAlkanesNo. Carbons in Chain Molecular Formula Name

1 CH4 Methane

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Naming Organic Naming Organic MoleculesMolecules

1. Identify the longest chain of carbons. This

determines the parent name

2. Identify suffix (ending) based on family

3. Number the main chain and determine position of

any attached groups

4. Name the attached groups using a prefix

5. Designate where the group is attached to the parent

chain

6. Alphabetize the groups, combine like groups, and

assemble.

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

CH H

H

C

H

H

C

H

C HH

H

C

H

CH H

CH H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

CH H

H

C

H

H

C

H

C HH

H

C

H

CH H

CH H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

6 Ethyl 3,5 Dimethyl Nonane

C13H28

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Longest C Chain = 9 Nonane

2 Methyl Side Chains at 3 and 5 positions 3,5 Dimethyl

Ethyl Side Chain at 6 position 6 Ethyl

NAMENAME

Draw some simple Draw some simple AlkanesAlkanes

• 2-methylpentane

• 3-ethylhexane

• 2,2-dimethylbutane

• 2,3-dimethylbutane

Physical Properties of Physical Properties of AlkanesAlkanes

• Non polar compounds• Insoluble in water• Less dense than water and so will float on

top of the water• Dissolve in organic solvents (eg dry

cleaning fluid) and in each other (eg Petrol is a mixture of alkanes)

Alkanes show regular increases in bp and mp as molecular weight increases down the homologous series.

WHY??

Cycloalkanes CCycloalkanes CnnHH2n2n

Naming CycloalkanesNaming Cycloalkanes• Name the alkane based on the number of carbons

in the ring