c. 1000-500 bc. phoenicia “purple people” c. 800 bc grows out of fallen sumeria cities byblos...
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c. 1000-500 BC
Phoenicia “Purple People” c. 800 BCGrows out of fallen SumeriaCities Byblos and TyreTrading sea powerResources
Sea portsDye shellsTimberNo farm land
Colonies in N. Africa and EuropeCathageCadize, Spain
Developed alphabet and spread through trade
Assyrian Empire 750-620 BCFills Hittites power vacuum
King Tiglath-pilaser IIIDominate by fear and military powerDivide into districts ruled by governors
Too small to mount successful rebellionKings claimed to speak with nature
Unstable when environmental problems occurLose legitimacy
King Tiglath-Pilaser III
Assyrian EmpireKing’s harem compete for sons’ influenceAssyria conquers Babylon
Last bastion of Sumerian powerOften rebelled against Assyria
Rebellions put down with massacres and mass deportations Approximately ½ million
Assyrian Empire falls c.620 BC under Ashurbanipal
Ashurbanipal
Babylonia 605-562 BCMoves from city-state to imperial powerNebuchadnezzar
Conquers JudahDestroys Solomon’s Temple
Competed with Egypt for remnants of Assyrian Empire
Stalemate that eventually led to fall of Babylon
Siege of Jerusalem
C. 1000-900 BC Greek city-states fill vacuum left by Mycenea
Begin ship building and Mediterranean trading
Population expands due to iron plowMigrations from Europe
Begins colonizing to solve over populationAll over MediterraneanPick up, refine, and spread Phoenician
alphabet Spread Greek ideas and architecture
Greek societyMyths about Greece
Founded democracyReally only Athens
Even then only male citizens No women (child rearing and no public presence) No slaves (40% of population)
PurityActually indebted to AsiaEgypt, Lydia, Ionian islands
Pericles
ThraceBetween Greece and TurkeyBuilt small trading centerHeight at 429 BC
EtruscansEarly ItalyIron mines in Elba (island)Women had more freedom
Leave houseDine with men
AsiaZhou expansion over reach ability to ruleEarthquakes and economic downfall lead to “lost
mandate”Barbarians from North force Zhou out of ancestral
landBeginning of “Warring States” period
IndiaBrand new civilization in Ganges Valley 1000BC
Detailed in UpishandsMore modern Hinduism = Upishands and Vedas
No known connection to Harappa
Island south of IndiaBuilt on dry plateau
Advanced hydraulic technology
Little knownGeographic isolationRapid degradation due to climateLack of navigable harbors and consistent winds
Dorset cultureFar north around Hudson BayExpand due to blubber lamps
More beyond forestsBarbed harpoons
Poverty Point culture (after site in Louisiana) Traded along Mississippi, Tennessee, and Red
RiversCopper, jewelry, and fine tools
Built large earth mounds for ceremonyOhio ValleyTucson Valley
Nubia gains independence from EgyptCentered in Napata and MeroeOfficial language changed to native tongue
Hard iron forging begins in NigerBantu language spreads southSlave trade begins
Across Sahara to MediterraneanAcross Indian Ocean at horn of Africa