by:stacy godfrey, amy ladenberger, santiago beltran, kelly nelson and pimsuda prathankiat

By:Stacy Godfrey, Amy Ladenberger, Santiago Beltran, Kelly Nelson and Pimsuda Prathankiat

2

Objectives

Obtain general knowledge of RFID Recognize types and components of

RFID Understand various applications Discuss companies use of RFID in case

studies Determine why RFID is important to

managers and the future Realize the benefits and limitations of

RFID technologies

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What is RFID??

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)—describes technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects.

RFID tags can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person, for the purpose of identification using radio waves. RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/16/49 Viewed March 30, 2008

http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/16/49

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Parts to the RFID System There are three parts to a RFID system:

1. Antenna Provides a means of communication and energy to

communicate with RFID tag RFID tag passes through field of the antenna and the RFID

tag detects the activation signal from the antenna causing the RFID tag to transmit the information on the microchip to the transceiver.

Permanently affixed to a surface or handheld

2. Transceiver Has a decoder to interpret the data

3. RFID Tag (Transporter) Programmed with information

“How RFID Works,” http://www.technology.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=2 Viewed March 31, 2008

http://www.technology.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=2

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RFID vs. Bar Codes How is RFID different from Bar Codes?

Tag does not need to be on the surface of the object because they do not need a direct line of sight, tags can be embedded or hidden.

Tags are applicable in harsh environments, such as outdoors, around chemicals, moisture and high temperatures.

RFID tags can be read at a rate of forty or more tags per second; Bar Codes usually take half a second or more per bar code.

RFID tags can be read at distances up to 300 feet; Bar Codes no more than 15 feet.

RFID Tags can be re-programmed; Bar Codes do not have the read/write capability“Advantages of RFID Versus Barcodes,” http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=60 Viewed March 31, 2008

Hont, Susy d. “The Cutting Edge of RFID Technology and Applications for Manufacturing and Distribution,” www.ti.com/rfid/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf Viewed March 15, 2008

http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=60

http://www.ti.com/rfid/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf



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RFID vs. Bar CodesManual Process Bar Code RFID

Data Accuracy Least Accurate Most Accurate More Accurate

Data Collection Time/Labor

Most Time/Labor Some Time/Labor Least Time/Labor

Data Input Time/Labor

Most Time/Labor Some Time/Labor Least Time/Labor

Equipment Costs (tags, readers/scanners)

N/A Some More

Ability to Track Assets Out of Line of Sight

No No Yes

Amount of Data Storage on Tag

N/A Less More

Ability to Exchange Information Two Ways

No No Yes

Ability to Reprogram Tags

N/A No Yes

“How RFID Technology Can Enhance your Asset Management Program” www.infor.com-80-content-whitepapers-rfideam.pdf-?ok=yes.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.

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How RFID Works

“How RFID Works,” http://www.aeanet.org/GovernmentAffairs/gais_HowRFID_Works.asp

http://www.aeanet.org/GovernmentAffairs/gais_HowRFID_Works.asp

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History 1940-1950

First work exploring RFID by Harry Stockman Followed advances in radio & radar

1950-1960 Era of exploration, laboratory experiments

1960-1970 First and most widespread commercial use

Electronic article surveillance, Sensormatic

1970-1980 Explosion of RFID development work

Animal and vehicle tracking, factory automation

Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.

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History

1980-1990 Commercial implementation enters

mainstream Transportation, personnel access, & animals

1990-2000 Emergence of Standards Becomes part of everyday life

Electronic highway tolling system

2000- Exciting times await in the advancement of

RFIDLandt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.

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Passive Tags

CostCost Less Expensive--Few Less Expensive--Few Cent to a Few DollarsCent to a Few Dollars

SizeSize SmallerSmaller

PowerPower ReaderReader

MaintenanceMaintenance NoneNone

Read DistanceRead Distance A few feetA few feet

LifeLife Up to 20 yearsUp to 20 years

MemoryMemory Around 16KAround 16K

Have no internal power supply,

Power supplied by the reader


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Active Tags

CostCost More expensive--often More expensive--often $20 or more$20 or more

SizeSize LargerLarger

PowerPower Provided by BatteryProvided by Battery

MaintenanceMaintenance Replacement RequiredReplacement Required

Read DistanceRead Distance Up to 100s of feetUp to 100s of feet

LifeLife Depends on battery lifeDepends on battery life

MemoryMemory As high as 512KAs high as 512K

Have their own internal power source,

Can have a replaceable battery


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Frequencies

Low Frequency (LF) 125 KHz or 134KHz Shorter read-range and

read-rate Less sensitive to

interference High Frequency (HF)

13.56 MHz Greater read-range &

higher read-speed than LF

Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) 860 to 930 MHz Same cost as HF Faster Data Transfer Limited read ability

Microwave 2.45GHz or 5.8GHz Highest data read

speed Most expensive Limited read range (3ft)

ScanSource. “RFID Frequencies.” www.scansource.com/Europe/upload/RFID_Frequencies.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.

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Tag Attachments

Embedded Usually aimed for permanent or long-term

implantation, such as animal traceability Attached

Designed to be attached on the surface of identified objects with permanent, semi-permanent or temporary attachment means

Injected Designed to have little contact or no contact with

identified objects and can be easily removed Digested

Eastman Kodak has filed two patent applications for monitoring ingestion of medicine

http://www.rfid-asia.info/2006/12/rfid-tag-attachments.htm, viewed March 13, 2008.

http://www.rfid-asia.info/2006/12/rfid-tag-attachments.htm

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Types of Readers

Agile An agile reader is one that can read tags

operating at different frequencies or using different methods of communication between the tags and readers.

Intelligent has the ability not just to run different protocols,

but also to filter data and even run applications Dumb

a simple device that might read only one type of tag using one frequency and one protocol

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/75, views March 13, 2008.RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/76, viewed March 13, 2008.



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Access control and identification Cards for access to secure

areas. Not only verifies identity but checks if certain requirements to enter have been met.

Wristbands to provide access to unattended buildings.

Wristbands at hotels and resorts acting as a key and as coupons to access services

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008

http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf

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Tracking people and objects

Children in theme parks Protection of expensive objects Cemeteries and morgues. Personnel activities inside a facility Inmates identification and tracking

Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy for .Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14

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Ticketing

Trains, subways, buses, concerts, amusement parks, fitness facilities, ski resorts.

Reduces counterfeit RFID tickets used in the

Soccer World Cup in Germany in 2006. 4.8 millions Tickets sold with no counterfeiting problems.

The Beijing Olympics in 2008 will have RFID tickets.



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Sports and Health Racecar tracking “ChampionChip” for time tracking Ski Lifts hands free access Golf balls


19

Libraries

From barcodes to RFID tags.

Faster and automatic checkout and return.

Faster inventory process.

Reduces workplace injuries.

No more security strips for books.

Singh, J., Brar N., and Fong C., “The state of RFID Applications in libraries”, Information technology and libraries, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp 24-33

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Production Line Control and Monitoring Car Body

Production: Flow of information along the assembly line for process verification.

Identify vehicles through assembly line prior to the execution of a given assembly task.

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25


Production Line Control and Monitoring

Parts replenishment in work stations.

Real time progress of production process.

Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25


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Distribution and transportation Receiving and check-in Put away and replenishment Order Filling Shipping Product and asset tracking

Angeles, Rebecca, “RFID technologies: Supply-Chain applications and implementation issues”, Information Systems Management, Vol.22, Iss. 1, 2005, pp 51-66

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Vehicle Identification

Fleet management Access to parking

lots Railway industry Electronic toll

collection Lift truck and guided

vehicle identification Gasoline dispensing

Smith, Alan, “Exploring Radio Frequency identification technology and its impacts on business systems”, Information management &Computer security, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2005, pp. 16-25

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Ports

Container security Container

identification and location

Activity tracking Yard Management

www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/resources/PortTech.pdf, viewed April 6, 2008www.speakingeye.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=401359&Ntype=2, viewed April 6, 2008.

http://www.speakingeye.com/index.php?lay=show&ac=article&Id=401359&Ntype=2

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Baggage handling

Replace bar code stick labels with RFID inlay stick labels.

Many tags can be read at one time.

Read-write capability is used to record information along the way as the bag makes its way through the handling system.



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Health Care and pharmaceutical industry

Surgical equipment

Drug Pedigree Blood banks Patient tracking

Li S., Visich J., Khumawala B., and Zhang C., “RFID technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies”, Sensor Review, Vol.26, Iss. 3, 2006, pp 193-205http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008


27

Animal Identification

Livestock tracking Data critical for

the safety of food supply

Can also be used on pets.

Ear tags, injectable tags, RFID tattoos



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Animal Identification – Somark Innovations ID system based on ink tattoos with

chipless RFID functionality. Each tattoo has a different pattern that

translates into a number when scanned.

3 patents and 14 pending patents More than a hundred potential clients in

several countries.

www.somarkinnovations.com, viewed March 24, 2008

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Other Applications

Shopping Contactless

payment Contactless

checkout

Museums and art galleries

Wyld, David, “RFID 101: The next thing for management”, Management Research News, Vol. 29, Iss. 4, pp 154Srivastava, Lara, “Radio Frequency Identification: ubiquity for humanity”, Info: The Journal of policy, regulation and strategy for .Telecommunications, information, and media, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, pp 4-14

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Case Studies

Wal-Mart Healthcare Service Industry in Taiwan RFID-based Sushi Management Kaufhof Department Stores and Gerry

Weber International Florida State University Filing System

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Wal-Mart 1,900,000 employees, $344.0 billion in revenue 1,000 Discount Stores, 2,300 Supercenters

nationwide RFID Compliance Mandate (2003) has economic

strategic implications 600 Suppliers are currently RFID-enabled Goal: Drive sales of suppliers by keeping product

on shelf for consumers to buy RFID Trial shows cut product stock-outs by 30% RFID Trial shows 62% increase in efficiency

Songini, Marc L., “Procter & Gamble: Wal-Mart RFID Effort Effective” Computerworld, Feb 26, 2007, p 14.NYJobSource.com, viewed 03/31/08

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Wal-Mart Case Study

8 Test Stores8 Test Stores 8 Control Stores8 Control Stores

May-October 2007May-October 2007 May-October 2007May-October 2007

Chosen from 1000 RFID-enabled Chosen from 1000 RFID-enabled storesstores

No RFID capabilitiesNo RFID capabilities

98% of items tagged (At Case level)98% of items tagged (At Case level) No tagsNo tags

Auto PI system Auto PI system (Perpetual Inventory-(Perpetual Inventory-goods on-hand, count is usually goods on-hand, count is usually inaccurate due to over or inaccurate due to over or underestimates)underestimates)

No PI system No PI system (Manual count)(Manual count)

Outcome Outcome PI inaccuracy decline by 13%PI inaccuracy decline by 13%

Decrease in manual adjustments form Decrease in manual adjustments form 3.4 to 2.0 per week3.4 to 2.0 per week

Decrease cost and increase efficiencyDecrease cost and increase efficiency

Average 65% wrong in inventory Average 65% wrong in inventory accuracyaccuracy

xfgdHardgrave, B. “Does RFID Improve Inventory Accuracy? A Preliminary Analysis” University of Arkansas, Information Technology Research Institute, March 2008.

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Healthcare in Taiwan 5 Hospitals, all early adopters Reasons for Adoption

Track paths of infection Improve treatment quality and pt satisfaction Track patients and workers and hospital waste Redesign of hospital SOP to increase patient safety

Outcomes Drastic changes in business processes and organization

personnel Assessment of applications from both strategic and operational

viewpoints-strategic systems improve customer service, operational system improve efficiency of process

Best Practices Consider stakeholders outside organization boundaries Refine operational processes Integrate new technology into existing business systems Extend business boundaries and scope

Tzeng, S., Chen, W., and Pai, F. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J. Production Economics, June 2007, pp 601-613.

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Commonalities of RFID Applications

Taipei Taipei Medical Medical University University HospitalHospital

Taipei Taipei Municipal Municipal Wan Fang Wan Fang HospitalHospital

En Chu King En Chu King HospitalHospital

Show Show Chawn Chawn Memorial Memorial HospitalHospital

Koo Koo Foundation Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Sun Yat-Sen Cancer CenterCancer Center

Hospital SizeHospital Size $500 million $500 million budget to budget to increase increase efficiencyefficiency

740 sick beds 740 sick beds totaltotal

Regional Regional Teaching Teaching Hospital with Hospital with 501 beds501 beds

Regional Regional Hospital with Hospital with 717 beds717 beds

352 beds, 352 beds, ambulatory, in-ambulatory, in-patient, and day-patient, and day-care unitscare units

ProjectProject Location-based Location-based serviceservice

RFID system for RFID system for ER patients ER patients observation/observation/

Passive tags Passive tags

RFID intelligent RFID intelligent healthcare healthcare platform/platform/

Active and Active and passive tagspassive tags

Intelligent Intelligent digital health digital health network/network/

Active tagsActive tags

Specialized Specialized healthcare systemhealthcare system

Reasons for Reasons for AdoptionAdoption

Track paths of Track paths of infection infection sources sources

Improve Improve treatment treatment quality and quality and patient patient satisfactionsatisfaction

Help hospital Help hospital redesign SOP redesign SOP to provide to provide protection for protection for patientspatients

Monitor Monitor patient T, patient T, access access control of control of workers, workers, wastewaste

Track spread of Track spread of infection and infection and prevent outbreaksprevent outbreaks

Date of Date of AdoptionAdoption

10/200310/2003 01/200401/2004 01/200401/2004 10/200310/2003 10/200310/2003

ImplementationImplementation Corporate with Corporate with NTUNTU

In HouseIn House Corporate with Corporate with HPHP

OutsourceOutsource OutsourceOutsource

Outcome Outcome SuccessSuccess Some success: Some success: Low usage in Low usage in ERER

Some success: Some success: no wireless use no wireless use in surgery roomin surgery room

SuccessSuccess SuccessSuccess

Tzeng et al. “Evaluating the business value of RFID: Evidence from five case studies” Int. J. Production Economics, June 2007, p 605.

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RFID-Based Sushi Management

Blue C Sushi: small chain of restaurants in Seattle deliver food to customers along conveyor belt; $1,750,000 annual revenue

Reason for Adoption Concerns for the quality and safety of food Understand consumer buying habits

Implementation: Microsoft Server technology combined with RFID tags and scanners to monitor time and contents of plates while tracking consumer purchases

Outcome Improved customer service Immediate replenishment of food Simplified billing procedure and improved efficiencyNgai, E., Suk, F., Lo, S. “Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a

conveyor-belt sushi restaurant” Int. J. Production Economics, February 2006, pp 630-645. “Sushi Restaurant Enhances Quality Control, Customer Service with RFID” Microsoft BizTalk Server Customer Solution Case Study.

36

RFID in Fashion Industry

5-month joint project Jul-Nov/2003 between retailer (Kaufhof Department Stores-134 stores, €3.8 billion in sales) and supplier (Gerry Weber International- 1,700 employees, €400 million in sales)

Reason for Adoption: Styles, price, packaging, shelf life (fashion) Multi-tiered supply chain (Manufacturer, Distributors, Retailers) Anti-theft systems

Outcome: beneficial for both retailer and supplier exceeding RFID costs Savings in time and labor costs (10 times faster in quality control, 4 times faster

management of inventory) Allowed for partners to try new services with supply chain partners and

consumers As of 2006, 70% use at palette-level Increased data quality New possibilities in service offerings

Lessons learned RFID is extremely reliable and accurate, but may need to be altered at

times Recognizing Management and IT challenges determine success Competitive advantage gained when RFID data is used

Loebbecke, Claudia, and Palmer, Jonathan W. ”RFID in the Fashion Industry: Kaufhof Department Stores AG and Gerry WeberInternational AG, Fashion Manufacturer” MIS Quarterly Executive June 2006 pp 69-79.

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Florida State University Filing System

41,000 students, $193 million in external grants (2007)

First educational institution to adopt 3M’s RFID 2-Part Tracking system

Reason for Adoption: Missing files disrupted work Approximately 3500 project files and $182,000 in

research grants Compliance guidelines existed for federal state grants

System up and running in two days, one for installation, one for training of staff

Recovered $25,000 investment in less than 1year

Cost approximately $233,000 in looking for files before system was implemented and now is around $145,000-62% improvement

O’Connor, Mary Catherine. “RFID Brings Order to Chaotic Office” RFID Journal June 12, 2006. www.fsu.edu/about, viewed 03/31/08

http://www.fsu.edu/about

38

Other Examples Major Industries

Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals Asset Tracking Manufacturing and Logistics Postal and Courier Services Retail Military Air and Passenger Transportation Agriculture Inventory Systems (Boeing 787 Dreamliner)

Textile Industry (Griva) Film materials Chemical Products Industry (Dow Chemical

Company) Credit Cards and Identification Cards (Visa,

Mastercard PayPass, US Passports)

Lost Pets Burial/Identification of the dead Cattle Tracking and Identification (Somark’s RFID

Ink, Canadian Cattle Identification Agency)

www.PFFC-ONLINE.com. Bevan, James M. “Paper, Film and Foil Converter” RFID Labels. Vol 82, Issue 8. pp 33-35.,

http://www.pffc-online.com/

39

Why general managers should care about RFID Improved productivity and Cost

Avoidance Checkout becomes a faster process as stacks of books can be checked out with one scan of a reader without opening or handling the books.

Decrease cycle time and Taking costs out.Unlike traditional barcode scanning, RFID is not a serial process, so the business can perform identical tasks more quickly.

RFID Business Benefit. http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, view 03/20/08

http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm

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Why general managers should care about RFID Reduce Rework

As RFID scanning has a greater first time pass accuracy this reduces the number of errors that are generated and retries needed.

Reduce business risk and control of assetsRFID tagging enables better audit and asset control. The ability to track and trace items better means assets can be located more easily. Regulatory compliance can be achieved more effectively. RFID Business Benefit

RFID Business Benefit.http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm, last viewed

03/20/08.

http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm

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Why general managers should care about RFID

Improved utilization of resourceInformation obtained by RFID scanning can be used to improve planning. Processes can be improved, time can be saved, assets can be utilized better.

RFID Business Benefit

http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.html, viewed 03/20/08.

Increase revenuesBy eliminating uncertainty companies will suffer less “out of stock” situations and obtain greater item availability, reducing lost sales and increasing choice leading to more sales.

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Why general managers should care about RFID

Exception managementThe contribution information captured by RFID offers to IT applications will allow managers in companies to be alerted when compensatory business decisions need to be taken.

RFID Business Benefit http://www.rfidc.com/docs/introductiontorfid_business.htm ,

Viewed 03/20/08.

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Problems with RFID

Technical problem with RFID Problem with RFID standard.

RFID has been used in different ways by different manufacturers. The frequencies used for RFID in the USA are currently incompatible with those of Europe or Japan. This can cause problems for companies.

Moreover, consumer have problems with RFID standard. For example, Exxon Mobil’s SpeedPass system is a proprietary RFID system; if another company wanted to use the convenient SpeedPass, they have to pay to access it. If every company had their own SpeedPass system, a consumer would need to carry many different devices with them.

Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20 , viewed 3/26/2008.

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Problems with RFID

RFID systems can be easily disrupted Since RFID systems make use of the

electromagnetic spectrum, they are relatively easy to jam using energy at the right frequency. This problem could be disastrous in business where RFID is increasingly used, like hospitals or in the military in the field.

Problems with RFID.

http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20 , viewed 3/26/2008.

45

Problems with RFID

RFID reader collision Reader collision occurs when the signals

from two or more reader overlap. The tag is unable to respond to simultaneous queries.

RFID tag collisiontag collision occurs when many tags are

present in a small area; but since the read time is very fast, it is easier for vendors to develop systems that ensure that tags respond one at a time.

Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20 , viewed 3/26/2008.

46

Problems with RFID

Cancer riskVeterinary and toxicology studies spanning the last ten years surfaced indicating that RFID chips induced malignant tumors in laboratory animals. However, there are some controversies. VeriChip Corp. maintains that the chips are completely safe and that they were unaware of the studies.

Radio-frequency identification. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFID, viewed 3/26/2008.

Logo of the anti-RFID campaign by German privacy group FoeBuD

47

Problems with RFIDSecurity and privacy problems with RFID

Loss of privacy

How would you like it if, one day your realized your underwear was reporting on your whereabouts? Tag can be read at a distance, it become possible to gather

sensitive data about individual without consent. For example, an RFID tag can be read after the item leaves the supply chain, this allows anyone to see the contents of your purse as pocket as you walk down the street.

Problems with RFID. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?ArtNum=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

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Security and privacy problems with RFID

RFID tags with unique serial numbers could be linked to an individual credit card number.

At present, each individual item has its own number. When the item is scanned for purchase and is paid for, the RFID tag number for a particular item can be associated with a credit card number.

Problems with RFID. http://www technovelgy.com/ct/Technology-Article.asp?Atrium=20, viewed 3/26/2008.

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Future of RFID

RFID will replace barcode. RFID is a great tool for the supply chain and companies wishing to better track their products and inventory. As a result, it will definitely become a requirement for all suppliers to use RFID tags when the tag become affordable.

RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger.

http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.

RFID’s price will reducesWith mass production, their price eventually reduces to perhaps a cent.

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Future of RFID

RFID chips are no bigger than grains of sand.

Future of RFID. http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.

51

Future of RFID Every item in house will eventually come from the store with a tiny, almost invisible RFID tag attached.

http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed 03/31/08.

Example.

Medical alert bracelet : It's a Medical Alert Bracelet which keeps the person wearing it informed about their online medical history and gets in touch with assistance in case of any emergency.

52

Future of RFID Every item in house will eventually come from the store with a tiny, almost invisible RFID tag attached.

http://www.rfid-weblog.com, viewed 03/31/08.

Example.

Lady Bag : it uses RFID tags to keep a track on items

inside it and icons pertaining to missing items appear

on the LED screen on the outside of the bag. It even

gives a hint of our emotional side with emoticons

displaying whether you are happy, sad, angry or

nervous.

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Future of RFID

Most of the retailers and restaurants will use RFID to track condition of goods.Ex. Retailers install sensors with RFID tags in order to monitor food temperature during foods’ shipment to prevent spoilage or The store can identify individual foods that are going to spoil.

RFID: Radio Frequency identification a look into the future

http://www.ils.unc.edu/~cbarthol/inls187/Future%20Forecast/futureforecast.htm

viewed 03/26/08.

Pintokona which is a restaurant in Japan is putting RFID technology to use in order to ensure that only the most fresh fish is served to its esteemed customers.

North America is expected to have a market share of $2.7 billion, compared to $2.0 billion for EMEA and a combined share of $1.4 billion from Asia Pacific and the rest of the world making up the remainder of the total RFID market in 2010.

North America to lead RFID market : http://www.rfid-weblog.com/archives/north_america_to_lead_rfid_market.html, viewed April 10 , 2008

54

The RFID software, hardware and services market size in 2010

( Worldwide)

$26 Billion RFID Industry by 2015:http://www.rfid-weblog.com/50226711/26_billion_rfid_industry_by_2015.php, viewed April 10 2008RFID market to reach $7.26Bn in 2008 New RFID Market Analysis: http://www.idtechex.com/products/en/articles/00000169.asp , view April 10,2008American barcode and RFID q&A: http://www.abrfid.com/rfid/articles/questions-answers.aspx, viewed April 10,2008 55

History of RFID spending and expectation

56

Future of RFID

Public perception Of RFID

RFID would probably seem less alien and intrusive since RFID Tags were tailored to different functions and industries.

RFID gets smaller and edible….and bigger

http://future.fifth.org/rfid/index.html, viewed 03/26/08.

Two data-points suggest that RFID may undergo from Renaissance to contemporary biological metaphors in the next few years.

I. Hitachi has announced development of what it's calling "RFID powder," RFID tags "measuring 0.05 x 0.05 mm" and 5 microns thick, "which they aim to begin marketing in 2 to 3 years

II. The second data-point is a patent filing by Kodak for an edible-- and more important, digestible-- RFID tag. (The patent describes it as a "System to monitor the ingestion of medicines")

57

Questions???

58

References Angeles, Rebecca, “RFID technologies: Supply-Chain applications and implementation

issues”, Information Systems Management, Vol.22, Iss. 1, 2005, pp 51-66

Bevan, James M. “Paper, Film and Foil Converter” RFID Labels. Vol 82, Issue 8. pp 33-35.

Hardgrave, B. “Does RFID Improve Inventory Accuracy? A Preliminary Analysis” University of Arkansas, Information Technology Research Institute, March 2008.


http://industrial-ebooks.com/EBOOK/RFIDCaseStudyBookBin95.pdf, viewed March 25, 2008

Landt, Jeremy. “Shrouds of Time: The History of RFID” The Association for Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technologies. Ver 1, 2001, pp1-11.

Li S., Visich J., Khumawala B., and Zhang C., “RFID technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies”, Sensor Review, Vol.26, Iss. 3, 2006, pp 193-205

Loebbecke, Claudia, and Palmer, Jonathan W. ”RFID in the Fashion Industry: Kaufhof Department Stores AG and Gerry Weber International AG, Fashion Manufacturer” MIS Quarterly Executive June 2006 pp 69-79.

Ngai, E., Suk, F., Lo, S. “Development of an RFID-based sushi management system: The case of a conveyor-belt sushi restaurant” Int. J. Production Economics, February 2006, pp 630-645.

O’Connor, Mary Catherine. “RFID Brings Order to Chaotic Office” RFID Journal June 12, 2006.

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/75, views March 13, 2008.

RFID Journal. http://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/19/76, viewed March 13, 2008.

ScanSource. “RFID Frequencies.” www.scansource.com/Europe/upload/RFID_Frequencies.pdf, viewed March 13, 2008.

References Shepard, Steven, Radio Frequency Identification, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.

Singh, J., Brar N., and Fong C., “The state of RFID Applications in libraries”, Information technology and libraries, Vol. 25, Iss. 1, pp 24-33

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Hont, Susy d. “The Cutting Edge of RFID Technology and Applications for Manufacturing and Distribution,” www.ti.com/rfid/docs/manuals/whtPapers/manuf_dist.pdf Viewed March 15, 2008.

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by:stacy godfrey, amy ladenberger, santiago beltran, kelly nelson and pimsuda prathankiat

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