By :Vina

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THE PROPERTIES OF SUBTANCES

THE PROPERTIES OF SUBTANCES

SUBJECT MATTER

CONSEPT MAP

VIDEO

QUESTION

Consept mapThe properties of

subtances

Physical properti

Chemical properti

pH ReactivitySubtance’s form

Melting point / frozen point

Boiling point

Solubility Density Hardness Elasticity

Temperature

PressureReaction with Oxygen

Reaction with water

solid Liquid

gas

A. Physical properties

Physical properties are the properties of a substance that can be observed,measured or tested by our sense. Such us

color size form odor taste boiling point melting point solubility pliancy hardness heat and electric conductivities

• 1.Subtance’s form 1 Solid Solid Substance Molecule characteristic

- attractive force pulls herculean - its formation is neighboring each other - its position is neighboring - can't mobile be free

example:table,stone,ices hunk 2 Liquid

liquid subtance Molecule characteristic - attractive force pulls not just after strong - its formation is irregular - its position is gap slightly - move places ambulatory free example: water,oil

3. gases Substance Molecule characteristic Gases

- attractive force pulls weeny - its formation so disordered - its position is each other is far from - move really free example: C0 2 ,0 2 , nitrogen

2. Melting point

• Look at picture!

• What happen to an ice if the temperature around it is raising?

• The temperature whwn a subtance changes its form from solid to liquid is called “melting point”

• Ice will melt in 00 C.• Add some other subtances like fruit juice, salt or sugar

on water, it can reduce its melting point.

What makes a subtance melt??

• Solid subtance has a very strong interparticle bond. When the temperature of a solid subtance is raising. Its particles can move faster. Such condition makes the solid subtances changes into liquid (melt)

The melting point of some subtances

No Subtance Melting point(00 )

1 Nitrogen Gas -210

2 Oksygen Gas -218

3 Carbondioxide (CO2)

-78

4 Alcohol -117

5 water 0

6 Iron 1535

7 Sodium chlorida 804

3. Boiling point

What happen

when water

boilsk??

the particles of the water will vibrate faster so that it has enough energy to cut the interparticle bond. If the water has enough heat, then it will produce

water bubbles and the form of the water will change into gas. The phenomenon whwn the liquid is

changing into gas is boiling . The temperature when water is changing its form

into gas is called boiling point.

Liquid subtance can also change its form into gas on the temperature below its boiling point

Boiling point of some subtances

No Subtance Boiling point(00 )

1 Water 1002 Sodium chloride 1413

3 Iron 2750

4 Oxigen -183

5 Alcohol 78

6 Aceton 56

7 Nitrogen -196

8 Aluminium 2467

9 Acetic acid 118

4. Frozen point

• The changing form of a subtance from liquid into solid is called”frozen”

• The water will be frozen on 00 C.

• The temperature when a liquid subtance is starting to freeze is called “beku”

5.Soluting

Soluting

Have you ever made an iced tea? Iced tea is a solution. That

solution is compose by solute and solvent.the appearance of sweet taste shows that the sugar has been dissolved on the water. In a sugar solution, the sugar is the solute and the water is the solvent

6. Solubility• If we put one spoonful of salt on water,

then the salt will be dissolved on the water.• What is going to happen if we add salt

over and over again on water? There will be time when the salt cannot be dissolved again. So we can say that the solution is saturated,

• So solubility declares the maximum amount of the solute tat can be dissolved on some solvents in certain temperature.

Factors which influence the solubility of the subtance

• 1) Temperature• If the solubility of a solid subtance is increasing whwn the

temperature is raised, then the solubility of a solution is lessen because of the raising of the temperature

• Ex: changing temperature about solubility oxigen gas on water very feeling by fish.

• 2) Pressure• Commonly the changing of the pressure doesn’t give any

influence to the solubility of solid subtance or liquid subtance.• However, pressure has a big influence to the solubility of the

gas subtance on liquid. If there is more pressure given top the gas the solubility of the gas on liquid solution.

example:• carbondioxside gas in carbonated drink.• Why carbonated out burbbles when we opened its

can/bottle?• Those bunnle were come from the carbondioxside

gas inside of the drink. The CO2• Gas had been gived to the drink in such a high pressure.

When we oppened the can or the bottle in a normal air pressure, then it will produce bubbles and hissing sound.

7. DensityDensity: mass (gram)pervolume (cm3 or mL ) of a

subtance. Formula Withd= density (gr/ml)m=mass (gr)V =volume(mL)

d=m/v

Density of some subtances

With the density concept, we can estimate the kinds of subtances which are floating and drowning on water. Subtance with higher density level will be drown, whereas subtances with lower density level will be floated.

No subtances Density (gr/cm3 )

1 gold 19,3

2 zinc 7,10

3 water 1,00

4 Acetid acid 1,05

5 air 1,29 x 10-4

8. Hardness

• Hardnessis the ability of the subtance to resist the scratch made by other thing. The hardness is determined by the ability of the subtance to scratch other things. Harder subtances will scratch solter subtances.ex:intan appeal gold

9. Elasticity

• ElasticityThe elasticity of a

substance is the ability of the subtance to go back to its original form/ size after being distantly spaced/pressedex:rubber spring, sponge, etc

B. Chemical properties

• Chemical propertiy of a subtance is ralated to the reaction of the subtance to other subtance in producing a new subtance.

• Example of chemical properties are: a. Acidity(pH)

score pH < 7 acidity characteristicscore pH = 7 neutral characteristicscore pH > 7 bases characteristic

• b.ReactivityReactivity is the tendency of a

subtance to react chemically. A subtance is reactive if it :

- reacts spontaneously with water -reacts spontaneously with oxygen on the air in a normal condition (250C, at atmosphere pressure)

The chemical characteristics of some subtances

NO subtance Chemical characteristic

1 Iron corroded

2 Carbon Can be burnt(reacts with oxigen produced carbondioxide)

3 Cyanide acid Poisonous for humans

4 Neon Inert (doesn’t react with anything)

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