bythesameauthor

Hitler’sNuclearWeapons

(LeoCooper,1992)

Hirschfeld–TheStoryofaU-

boatNCO1935–1945

(LeoCooper,1997)

FIPS–LegendaryU-Boat

Commander,1915–1918

(astranslator–LeoCooper,

1999)

FirstpublishedinGreatBritain

in2002by

LEOCOOPER

animprintofPen&Sword

Books

47ChurchStreet,

Barnsley,SouthYorkshireS70

2AS

Copyright©2002Geoffrey

Brooks

ISBN0850528968

eISBN9781783379330

ACIPrecordforthisbookis

availablefromtheBritish

Library

Typesetin10/12ptTimesby

PhoenixTypesetting,Ilkley,

WestYorkshire

PrintedinEnglandby

CPIUK

Dedication

Idedicatethisbooktothe

memoryofLtCharles

Taylor

USN,

Senior

QualifiedFlightInstructor,

Squadron

79M,

Fort

Lauderdalewho,together

withthethirteenmenof

TBMAvengeroverwater

navigationaltrainingflight

19,diedontheeveningof

5December1945asthe

result

of

entering

an

anomalousgravityfield

nearGreatStirrupCay,

Bahamasatabout3:15that

afternoon.

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1Vergeltungswaffen:V-1

toV-4

2

TheAryan

Physics

Doctrine

3Heisenberg’sPioneering

Paper

4Plutonium,Paraffinand

Moderators

5TheOpenRoadtothe

AtomBomb

6

Uraniumbombe:

The

GermanPostOfficeTakes

Over

7V-4:TheDoomsday

Bomb

8TheDecisionnottoDrop

theGermanBomb

9BrighterthanaThousand

Suns-forTwoSeconds

10TheSandsofTimeRun

Out

11TheFirstandLast

VoyageoftheGerman

SubmarineU-234

12“IntheInterestsof

National

Defense

or

ForeignPolicy…”

13TheManhattanProject

14GravityII

15The“FooFighter”

16

German

Flying

CrescentsandDiscs

17TheVrilReich

Appendix

Notes

Acknowledgements

Iacknowledgeadebtof

gratitude

to

nuclear

physicists

Pat

Flannen,

whosespeculationabout

Heisenberg’sexperiments

atLeipziginspiredthis

book

initially,

and

NorbertoLahuerta,forhis

unstinting

help

with

research

and

scientific

opinionintoallaspectsof

bothV-4projects.

Iaddaspecialnoteof

appreciationtoBrigadier

Wilson,BarbaraBramall

andTomHartmanfortheir

helpandpatienceincoping

with

many

late

but

unavoidableadditionsand

deletions,andtoPen&

Swordforhavingthe

couragetopublishabook

ofthiskind.

Introduction

Followingthelandings

inFrancein1944,the

CombinedChiefsofStaff

set

up

a

number

of

military-civilian

teams,

termed

the

Joint

Intelligence

Objectives

Committee,tofollowthe

invadingAlliedarmiesinto

Germanywithaviewto

seizing

all

Hitler’s

military,

scientific

and

industrialsecretsforearly

useagainstJapan.The

teamsworkedagainstthe

clocktoobtainthemost

vitalinformationbeforeit

wasdestroyed.Theresult

wasthebiggestcollectof

captured

enemy

war

secretseverassembled.

OneWashingtonofficial

calledit“thegreatest

singlesourceofthistype

ofmaterialintheworld,

the

first

orderly

exploitationofanentire

country’s

brain-power”.

TheOfficeofTechnical

Services,theWashington

government

agency

originallyformedtohandle

thecollection,reported

thattensofthousandsof

tons

of

material

was

involved.Itwasestimated

thatoveramillionseparate

itemshadtobehandled

and

they

most

likely

representedpracticallyall

thescientific,militaryand

industrialsecretsofNazi

Germany.

InA

Brief

History

of

Air

Force

ScientificandTechnical

Intelligence,publishedby

NAIC,theNationalAir

IntelligenceCentre,itwas

recordedthatin1946at

WrightFieldalone,three

hundredpeopleprocessed

over

1500

tons

of

documents,adding10,000

newtechnicaltermstothe

English

language.

The

technicalknowledgefrom

these

documents

revolutionized

American

industry.

Inthesummerof1944,at

aboutthetimetheJIOC

wassetinmotion,the

GermanHighCommand

begantocontemplatethe

eventualityofdefeatandin

Septemberthatyeara

General

Plan

was

elaborated

to

evacuate

Nazis,ThirdReichcapital

and

highly

advanced

technicalandscientific

knowledge

to

places

selectedbyHitlerhimself,

ofwhichArgentinawasthe

principaldestination.The

strategistoftheGeneral

PlanwasHitler’spersonal

ADC,MartinBormann.

Theso-called“RatRun”to

Argentinawasoperated

throughtheconsulatesof

thatcountryinItalyand

Romeandfacilitatedthe

escapeofwantedwar

criminals.ButtheRatRun,

knowntotheGermans

under

the

codename

Regentroepfchen

(raindrop),wasafronting

operation

concealing

a

muchvasterprogramme

aimedatretainingfor

Nazism

in

exile

its

financial

wealth,

the

scientific,politicaland

militaryeliteoftheThird

Reichandcertainhyper-

secret

specialized

knowledge.Thislatterwas

ofalevelaboveand

beyondthemillionorso

secret

inventions

and

patentstobeabandonedto

theAllies.Code-named

AktionWiking,thissection

oftheoverallplanwas

beguninSeptember1944

byMaximilianErthwith

theassistanceofPhilip

Bouhler(headofHitler’s

privateoffice)andthe

GauleiterofLowerSilesia,

KarlHanke.

The

Nazis

were

particularly

anxious

to

protect

documents

containing

the

highest

classificationsofsecret

knowledge

designated

Geheime

Reichssache

relatingtothedevelopment

of

arms,

aircraft

and

submarines.

The

most

importantofallthese,files

relatingtoasuperaviation

fuelandadvancedaircraft,

wentbylong-rangeJunkers

Ju390transportaircraft

directlytoArgentina.

Fromthepointofviewof

theUSGovernment,the

260

tons

of

strategic

material

aboard

the

German

U-boatU-234

escortedintoPortsmouth

Navy

Yard,

New

Hampshire,on19May

1945issoabsurdlysecret

thatthefactthatitis

classifiedastopsecretisa

secret,

as

are

the

documentspertainingtoDr

HeinzSchlickeandthe

natureoftheassistancehe

affordedtheManhattan

Projectinthethreemonths

afterhiscapture.Themost

secretitemofcargoaboard

U-234remainstheeighty

smallcasesofuranium

powderwhichhavenever

appearedonanyUSN

UnloadingManifestand

whichwillhavebeenthe

fissile

material

for

a

rudimentary

atomic

explosive.Butasfarasthe

GermanHighcommand

wasconcerned,thevoyage

ofthisU-boatwithits

extraordinarycargoofwar

materialsandpassengers

didnotratesohighlyasto

fallwithintheambitofthe

General

Plan

of

Evacuation.

Inthe1950stwocrewmen

of

the

former

pocket

battleshipAdmiralGraf

Spee

Rudolf

Walter

Dettelmann

andAlfred

Schultz,

interned

in

Argentina,

swore

statements

to

an

Argentiniancommissionof

enquirytotheeffectthat

on28and29July1945

theycarriedoutnaval

dutiesinconnectionwith

the

arrival

on

the

PatagoniancoastoftwoU-

boatsofanallegedsix

which

escaped

from

Europeloadedwithgold

bullionandpassengers.

Extensivesonarsweeps

alongtheinshorecoastof

PatagoniainMarch2002

haveresultedinacontact

which,

pending

visual

confirmation,

will

probablybeaU-boat

believedscuttledinthese

coordinatesinJuly1945.

Asitisneitherofthose

mentionedbythetwoGraf

Speecrewmen,itisclear

thattheGeneralPlanwas

putintoeffect.

Aleftistcorrespondentof

aleadingNeuquendaily

newspaper

active

in

exposing

Nazi

war

criminalsintheBariloche

areaofArgentinaandwho

prefersanonymityforthat

reasonhasstatedinwriting

thatheinspectedofficial

documentsconfirmingthat

theGermananti-gravity

experimentsSS-E-IVand

SS-U-13,togetherwiththe

notoriousBelldescribed

elsewhereinthisvolume,

arrivedaboardaJunkersJu

390long-rangetransport

aircraftwhichflewnon-

stop

from

Norway

to

Gualeguayaerodromein

Entre

Rios

province,

Argentina,atthewar’s

end1.Iftrue,thismightbeseenbysomeassuggestive

thattheSSanti-gravity

aircraftprojectwasthe

post-warutmostpriority

fortheNationalSocialist

scientificelite.

Justafewdaysafterthe

Nagasaki

bombing

in

August

1945

the

US

authoritiesinterrogateda

Germanflakrocketexpert

whomtheynamedonlyas

Zinsser,atrainedobserver

ofaerialexplosions.The

interviewdocumenthasa

high

reliability

rating.

During

the

interview

Zinsserdescribedcertain

characteristicsofanA-

bombtestheclaimedto

have

observed

over

Germanyin1944whichhe

couldnotpossiblyhave

knownaboutunlesshehad

actuallywitnessedsuchan

explosion.

A

nuclear

weaponsphysicistwhose

opinionIsoughtthought

thatasmall,possiblyone-

kiloton,devicewasbeing

described,althoughthe

signstolookforwere

buriedinthetextand

wouldeludethecasual,

unscientificreaderofthe

documentsuchasmyself.

Thatisthereasonwhyits

significance

has

been

overlookeduntilnow.

Unlikelyasitmayseem,

therefore,on11October

1944,offRügenIslandin

thewesternBaltic,German

scientists

successfully

obtainedasmallatomic

reactionfrom,forwantof

abetterdescription,a

rudimentarybombwithina

leadjackettosuppress

fallout.Inaletterfrom

RobertOppenheimerto

JamesB.Conantdated30

November1942itwas

statedthatintheopinionof

GeneralGroves,headof

theManhattanProject,a

successfulbombwasone

“whichhada50%chance

ofexceedinga1,000-ton

TNTequivalent”and,as

theGermandeviceseems

tohavefallenwithinthis

specification,

Hitler’s

scientistswontheracefor

theatombomb.

TheV-4iswhatcatches

theimagination.Itwas

describedbyHitleras

beingaweapon“ofsuch

potent

effect

that

all

human

life

would

be

exterminated

within

a

radiusofthreetofour

kilometresofthepointof

impact”.Thisterminology

coulddescribeequallywell

anatomicweapon,a250kg

bombofsarinnervegasor

evenradiologicalmaterial.

TheloosenessofHitler’s

descriptionwasintendedto

misleadhisguestattable,

Marshal

Antonescu

of

Rumania,astothenature

of

this

“weapon

of

frightfulness”andhowit

wastobedeployed,facts

which

have

correspondinglyremained

amysteryeversince.

Theresearcher’sproblem

is

that

in

the

most

importantareasofhistory,

particularlytheSecond

World

War,

many

governmentsintendthat

thetruthofcertainaffairs

istobesuppressedfor

ever.Thismaybedonefor

avarietyofreasons,both

honourableandnot.Thus,

deepinnationalarchives

thepaperswhichcontain

thetruehistorywillliein

darknessfordecadesand

perhapsneverseethelight

ofday.

Agedservantsofthe

formerThirdReichin

GermanyandAustriaoften

have

useful

files

and

documentswhichtheyare

fearfultodiscloselesttheir

Statepensionsandthoseof

theirdependantsshould

becomeforfeitonsome

unfortunate“technicality”.

Afileofcorrespondence

between

an

Austrian

Gauleiter

and

Hitler

pertainingtothesuccessful

development

of

an

efficientimplosionfuse

capableofdetonatinga

plutoniumbombis,tomy

certain

knowledge,in

Sicherheit,whichmeansin

thecustodyofalawyer

untilthedeathofthe

rightfulholder,whenitis

tobereleasedtoanamed

researcherforpublication.

Evenmoretobedeplored

isthesaleofmicrofilmed

documentsfromallegedly

classifiedUSarchives.In

tworeferencesinthisbook

thesourcedocumentdoes

notappeartohavebeen

madeavailabletothe

publicbutwas“brokered

through

a

licensee”.

Exactly

what

the

machinery

is

for

this

operationremainsobscure.

Theauthorofoneofthe

booksconcernedhasgiven

hiswordofhonourthat

such

a

microfilmed

documentinhispossession

readsashesaysitdoes,

andIhavenoreasonto

doubt

him.

“Many

researchersandphysicists

wouldgiveanarmfora

glimpseofthisdocument,”

hewrites.Thatmaybeso,

butwhatsortofhistoryis

builtonsuchafoundation?

Allthisofficialsecrecy

hasledtothecreationof

lobbies.Oneofthem

believespassionatelyinan

SSatombombbuiltin

somedeepcatacombinthe

TyrolorHarzMountains.

Another

thinks

that

ProfessorHeisenbergmust

have

been

behind

everything.Anopposing

lobbyistiedtorevealed

documentation

which

dictates

that

National

SocialistGermanynotonly

hadnoatombombproject

andnonuclearreactor,but

couldnotpossiblyhave

hadoneevenifthey

wantedbecausetheirbest

scientists

had

all

emigrated.

Infact,giventheright

implosionfuse,acoupleof

rudimentary

zeroenergy

nuclearreactorsinan

undergroundfactorybeside

theDanube,twoyearsand

a

chemical

separation

plant,

a

low-grade

plutoniumbombwouldnot

have

been

beyond

Germany’scapabilitiesin

theSecondWorldWar,

andfromSeptember1941

theyknewit.Simplyto

dismissasaflightoffancy

the

V-4

explosive

mentionedbyHitler,as

academicsandhistorians

havedoneoverthelast

half-century,seemstoo

easyasolution.Ihaveyet

toseeanythingwhich

convincesmethatThird

Reichscientistsdeveloped

afull-sizeatombomb,as

manyGermansinsist,but

theWagnerianmonstrosity

belowHaigerlochchurch,

thecavewithitschainof

danglinguraniumcubes

aboveawellofheavy

waterinthegloom,is

Germanhumouratitsbest.

Manysuspectthatthe

standardhistorywehave

beenfedisbogusandthat

theThirdReichmusthave

comeupwithsomething

betterthanthisabject,

dismalfailure.

Re-examiningwiththe

assistanceoftwonuclear

physicistsallthewartime

Germannucleardocuments

inthehopeofdiscovering

some

inconsistency,

suspicionsoonfellon

certainexperimentalwork

atLeipzigperformedby

ProfessorHeisenberg.It

was

pointed

out

that,

whetherheknewitornot,

whathewasdoingwas

moreusefulfieldworkfor

making

a

bomb

than

designing

a

nuclear

reactor.Ifintendedasthe

warheadinaV-2rocketit

wasingenious.

Recentlyreleasedofficial

documentsallowusto

deducethatinApril1945

thesubmarineU-234sailed

forTokyodirectwith

enoughtreateduraniumfor

two

of

these

small,

laboratory-built

atom

bombs,

a

scientific

passengerwhospecialized

infusetechnology,anda

largequantityofheavy

water,essentialingredients

inthemanufactureof

Heisenberg’sbomb.Thus

atlastwemayhavethe

solutiontothemystery

surroundingthisGerman

submarine.

ThepathoftheV-4

project,whichwasnotone

weaponbuttwo,isso

tortuousthatitshould

comeasnosurprisetofind

itoccupyingthegreater

partofthisbook.However,

thethemeofthevolumeis

theGermanV-weaponsof

theSecondWorldWar.

Becausetheyaresowell

known,theV-1andV-2

arementionedprimarily

withreferencetotheir

intendeduseinthelastfive

monthsofthewar.TheV-3

HighPressurePumpwas

usedoperationallybythe

Germans

to

bombard

LuxemburgCityduringthe

BattleoftheArdennesand

meritsattentionforthat

reason.

TheMotorstoppmittel,

Feuerkugel,

known

popularly

as

theFoo-

Fighter,andtheotherside

ofthesamecoin,the

Kugelblitzwereallexotic

ideasconnectedwiththe

SSelectro-magneticanti-

gravity

project.

Some

claimthattheconcept

originated

in

the

workshopsofsomeother

world’sairforce.Official

documents

prove

the

existenceofallthree

developments,butfifty-

five

years

afterwards,

beyond

a

grudging

admissionthattheirairmen

werenothallucinatingwith

respecttothefoo-fighter,

theauthoritieshavestill

revealed

nothing

about

howthemachinesworked.

Initiallyaircrewabstained

fromreportingwhatthey

hadseenforfearofbeing

groundedandhospitalized

for

psychiatric

examination.Certainlyon

theevidenceitisstrange

howtheGermans,whose

warships’radarneededa

vaststeelmattresstwelve

yardssquareattheforetop,

canhavemadesuchgiant

strides

in

propulsion,

aerodynamicsandradarin

afewmonthsthatthey

were

able

to

menace

enemybomberformations

at

10,000

feet

with

luminous

aerobatic

basketballs

capable

of

makingover400knots.It

issaidthattheseaerial

vehicles,ifonecancall

them

that,

had

been

developedby–andone

hopes

that

they

were

developedby–cleverSS

scientists

at

Wiener

Neustadt.Theyseemedto

beaningeniousthough

harmless

anti-aircraft

device.

Thepurposeofbuilding

suchvehiclessocloseto

thecessationofhostilities,

particularlyinviewofthe

unholyallianceofAllied

Governmentswithformer

German

military

and

politicalleaderstoconceal

theirexistenceeversince,

givesrisetotheconviction

that

we

should

not

altogether

discount

the

possibilityofaconnection

betweenthelossofthewar

byHitlerandtheupsurge

inUFOsightingsfrom

1947onwards,thetheme

oftheclosingchapterof

thisbook.Thereisno

evidenceforaGerman

flyingsaucerexcepting

claimsmadebyGerman

aeronautical

engineers

postwarthattheyhad

workedonthedesignor

constructionoftheproject.

Nevertheless,in1947the

USAF

was

absolutely

certainthatflyingsaucers

existed,

flew

in

our

airspace

and

they

suspectedaGermanorigin

forthem.ForthatreasonI

have

considered

it

worthwhiletoexaminethe

evidenceandtoforma

hypothesis

for

their

creation

in

line

with

National

Socialist

ideology.

Mentionmustbemadeof

theofficerentrustedwith

runningtheV-weapons

projectfromitsinception.

Probably

the

most

extraordinary

and

enigmaticfigureamong

the

latter-day

Nazi

hierarchy,SS-GeneralDr

(Ing)HansKammler(b.

Stettin26.8.1901)wasa

greycareermanwhohad

seennofightingatthe

front.As

engineer

in

chargeofBuildingand

Construction

Works

at

WVHA,

the

SS-Chief

Economic

and

AdministrativeOffice,in

1942Kammlerhadhad

responsibility

for

the

planninganddesignofa

numberofdeathcampsand

hadpersonallysupervised

theconstructionofthe

Auschwitzsatellitecamp

atBirkenau.

On7July1943,atFHQ

Rastenburg,

Hitler

informed

Wernher

von

BraunandOberstDr(Ing)

WalterDornberger,senior

rocketscientistsatthe

Peenemünde

research

establishment,thattheV-2

projecthadbeengiventhe

highestpriorityrating.On

22Julyofthatyear,after

thedestructionbybombing

oftherocketcomponent

plantatFriedrichshafen,

theSShadbegunlooking

foranundergroundfactory

andhadfoundasuitable

location

at

Niedersachswerfen

near

NordhausenintheHarz

Mountains,

the

largest

subterraneanfactoryinthe

world.2

On17Augustalarge

forceofBritishaircraft

bombedPeenemünde.The

materialdamagewasnot

extensiveandmorethan80

percentofthebombsfell

onopenlandandinthe

nearbywoods.Eventhe

effective

patterns

had

damaged

mostly

non-

industrial

or

easily

repairable

facilities.

Dornbergerreviewedthe

damageatfirstlightand

concludedthatthesite

wouldbeoperationalagain

withinsixweeks,butthe

following

day

Kaltenbrunner,headofSS

SecurityPolice,arrivedin

ordertoenquirepersonally

intoanallegedsecurity

leak.

The

intervention

providedHimmlerwiththe

opportunitytoapproach

Hitlerwithaconvincing

argumentfortransferring

the

entire

V-weapons

projectfromtheArmyto

theSS.Thesatisfactory

continuation

of

the

programme

could

be

guaranteedonlybyplacing

itunderSSsupervision,he

argued,ensuringsecrecy

by

using

concentration

campinmatesforthework

force.Hitlerconcurred.On

1September1943Hans

Kammlerwaspromotedto

SS-Gruppenführer

and

appointed

Special

CommissionerfortheV-2

project.Herecruited2000

engineersanddrew15,000

concentration

camp

inmatesfromBuchenwald

andNatzweiler3fortheconversionworkatthe

formerWifofactorynow

renamedNordhausen

CentralWorksandalsoSS-

Mittelwerk,thelatterby

reasonofitsgeographical

positionatthecentreof

Germany.

Duringthefirstweekof

March1944Kammlerwas

givenoverallresponsibility

for

Underground

Constructionsandnowhad

175,000

concentration

campinmatesunderhis

control.AnSSSpecial

StaffknownasBaubüroDr

HansKammlerbecame

directly

answerable

to

Himmlernotonlyforthe

production,

completion,

storageandsupplyofV-

weaponarmamentsbut

alsoforbuildinganumber

ofmassiveunderground

weaponsfactoriesthesize

ofasmallmetropolissuch

asQuarzatMelk,Austria,

andZementIandIIat

Ebensee.

On

8

August

1944

Himmler

appointed

Kammler

as

General

PlenipotentiaryforV-2

AssemblyandC-in-CV-2

Operations,

which

had

previouslybeenunderthe

jurisdictionofLXVArmy

Corps.

HisLehr-und

Versuchsbatterie444got

offtoaninauspiciousstart

whenthefirsttwoV-2

rocketsofthecampaign

aimedatParison6

September

both

failed

through

fuel

blockage.

Aftershiftinglocationbut

withthesametarget,a

successful

launch

was

achievedon8September.

ThesamedayArtillery

Detachment485obtaineda

hitatChiswick,London,

fromtheHague.From

August1944untilthe

conclusionoftheArdennes

Offensive,inadditionto

theV-1andV-2,Kammler

oversawtheoperational

deploymentoftheV-3

HighPressurePumpand

waspresenttoobservethe

firstroundsbeingfiredon

LuxemburgCityon30

December1944.

On

26

January

1945

Kammler

was

made

commandinggeneralofthe

5th

Flak

Division

at

Rotterdam,

a

very

remarkable

appointment

foramanwithnobattle

experience,andon14

Februaryhetookover

ArmyKorpszbV(zbV=for

specialpurposes).On31

Januaryhecamestraight

fromtheV-3installationat

Lampadentoorganizethe

placingoftwodetachments

ofhisDivision’sflakon

theeasternbanksofthe

Rhine.

All

this

was

satisfactorilyaccomplished

bylateFebruaryandin

earlyMarchKammlerwas

confirmed

as

General

PlenipotentiarytoHaltthe

Terror

Bombing.

This

meantthathewasnow

responsibletotheFührer

directlyforallanti-aircraft

measures,whichwould

have

included

the

supremelysecretversions,

aswellastheconventional

anti-aircraft

rockets

producedatPeenemünde,

Wasserfall,

Hs

117

Schmetterling,

Enzian,

Taifunandtheremote-

controlledHs298andX-4

Ruhrstahl.Itappearsthat

hehadhadpowersas

plenipotentiarybeforehis

appointment,sinceon6

February1945hehad

signed

the

order

to

discontinue

work

on

SchmetterlingandEnzian.

In

either

February

or

March1945,oratanyrate

bythetimeKammlerhad

achievedtherankofSS-

Obergruppenführer

and

GeneralderSS,hewas

givencompletejurisdiction

fortheturbo-jetfighter.

Anotherobjectivewhich

doesnotseemsowell-

documented

involved

transferringDrDornberger

andhisworkstaffin

Februaryofthatyearfrom

SchwedtontheOderto

Bad

Sachsa

where

Dornerbergerwastobe

responsible

for

the

developmentandtestingof

“anti-aircraft

measures”

andforthatpurposewasto

setup“DevelopmentTeam

Mittelbau”

under

Dr

AlfredBuch,ascientist.

Kammlerorderedalarge

numberoffirmstobeco-

optedtoconcentrateon

“specialequipment”.

AtthebeginningofApril

1945,forthedefenceofthe

central

Harz,

Kammler

cobbled

together

an

infantry

corps

from

retreatingArmyunitsand

V-1/V-2

firing

commandos.Healsomade

adeterminedattemptto

swell

SS

numbers

at

Niedersachswerfen

by

recruiting

Mittelwerk

techniciansandengineers

butthisdoesnotseemto

havebeentoosuccessful.

Inanycase,500orsoof

thesepersonnel,themajor

part

of

the

former

Peenemünde

team,

had

beenorderedbyKammler

to

relocate

in

the

Garmisch-Partenkirchen

areaofsouthernGermany,

andmostofthemmadethe

six-dayjourneybythe

specialtrainsardonically

known

as

the

“Vergeltungs-Express”.

DrWernhervonBraun

wastoldbyKammlerthat

he,Kammler,hadbeen

madeHeadoftheFighter

PlaneStaffand“hadto

reporttoanotherplace”.

On7April1945Kammler

was

seen

leaving

Mittelwerktowardsthe

western

Harz

with

a

sectionofhisGeneralStaff

and,apartfromacableto

Himmler,sentfroma

villagecalledDeggendorf,

confirminghiscontinuing

loyaltytoHitlertendays

later,thatwasthelast

heardofanyofthem.

Kammlerknewvirtually

everythingabouttheV-

Weapons

operational

programme.

His

whereaboutsafterearly

April1945areunknown.

Therearereportsofhis

deathinactiondefending

theCzechFrontagainstthe

SovietArmy,andthelatter

gave

short

shrift

to

capturedSSmen.Arecent

book

by

Nick

Cook4

proposesthatKammler

negotiated

a

deal

for

himselfwiththeUnited

Statesinexchangefor

Germany’s

anti-gravity

technology.Whatevidence

thereissuggeststhatthis

was

not

the

case.

Bormann’s1944General

PlanofEvacuationwas

drawnuptosafeguardthe

more

advanced

technological

knowledge

byhavingpeoplelike

Kammlerbroughtoutof

Europe

before

the

capitulation.Onemustnot

losesightofthefactthatat

theendofthewarthere

wasahugeinfluxofReich

money

and

scientific

personnelintoArgentina

andChile,wheredeep

below

ground

perhaps

some

of

the

more

important

work

was

continued.MrCook’sline

ofargumentisbasedonthe

documentcirculatedbythe

Polish

author

Igor

Witkowski.Thisbulletin

definitelystatesthatthe

equipment

at

FHQ

Waldenburgwasevacuated

inAprilandMay1945,

probably

to

South

America,

by

SS-

ObergruppenführerJakob

Sporrenberg.

ItwouldbeinSouth

Americathatthedesigner-

builderofAuschwitzand

otherdeathcampsmight

havefeltmorecomfortable

forhisownpeaceofmind

thaninrelyingonadeal

withtheUnitedStates.One

wouldalsothinkitsafeto

assumethatiftheUSAF

hadbeenabletomakehead

or

tail

of

German

antigravity,theywouldnot

havebotheredwiththe

sameoldrocketpropulsion

methodsatCapeKennedy

threedecadesafterwards.

Anunderlyingthreadof

argumenttowardstheend

ofthisvolumerunsalong

thelinesthatfarmorelay

behindNationalSocialism

than

a

mad

racialist

warlordwantingtoconquer

theworldfornogood

reason.Conceivablythis

willnotfindmuchofa

welcomeamongstthose

whosevision,beingfixed

onpurelymaterialcauses,

allowsnopossibilityofa

supra-physicalimpetusin

history.Thedetermination

of

the

world

not

to

understandHitlerorsee

the

manifest

signs

is

somethingwhichperhaps

onlyanauthorwhohas

spent

countless

hours

poringovermassesof

documentscanappreciate.

The

facts

do

bear

investigation.

Atthebeginningof1934,

whenRudolfHesssworein

theentireNSDAPtoHitler

in

a

mass

spectacle

bringing

millions

of

Germans

to

the

microphones,hesaidto

them:

“Bythisoathweagain

bindourlivestoaman

throughwhom–thisis

ourbelief–superior

forcesactinfulfilment

ofDestiny.”5

WhateverHessmeantby

thiswehaveneverbeen

abletodiscover,butit

mighthavebeenthereason

whyhespentallhislife

after1941imprisonedin

solitaryconfinement.The

former

Gauleiter

of

Danzig,

Hermann

Rauschningrecalled6thatintheearlyyearsofthe

regimeduringthecourse

ofhisdiscussionswith

Hitler(whomhedescribed

astheMasterEnchanter

andHighPriestofthe

Religious

Mysteries

of

Nazism),

Hitler

spoke

openlyabouthisinnermost

ideas–aprogrammetobe

kept

secret

from

the

masses.

Rauschning

continued:

“One

cannot

help

thinkingofhimasa

medium.Formostofthe

time

mediums

are

ordinary,

insignificant

people.Suddenlythey

areendowedwithwhat

seemstobesupernatural

powerswhichsetthem

apartfromtherestof

humanity.Thesepowers

aresomethingthatis

outside

their

true

personality–visitors,as

itwere,fromanother

planet.Themediumis

possessed.

Once

the

crisisispast,theyfall

back

again

into

mediocrity.Itwasinthis

way,beyondanydoubt,

thatHitlerwaspossessed

by

forces

outside

himself.”

DuringMussolini’svisit

toMunichinSeptember

1937thegreatpsychologist

C.J.Jungobservedthat,

comparedtotheDuce,

“Hitler

presents

the

appearanceofarobot.

Onewouldhavesaida

double,inwhoseinterior

the

man

Hitler

was

hidingasanappendix,

carefulnottointerfere

withthemechanism.”

Jung’sfinalconclusionof

Hitlerwasthat:

“He

belongs

in

the

category

of

authentic

wizards.Hisbodydoes

notsuggeststrength.He

hasinhiseyesthe

expressionofaprophet.

His

power

is

not

absolutelypolitical,itis

magical.Hitlerlistens

andobeys.Thetrue

leaderisalwaysonewho

iswellled.Theideais

confirmedbytheword

Mahdi,

the

Islamic

Messiah,

which

translatesto‘Hewhois

wellled’.”

Whatmanwouldhave

wanted

such

a

responsibilityfoistedupon

him?Theextraordinary

allegationbeingmadehere

isthatAdolfHitlerandthe

Führer

were

different

entities

inhabiting

the

samebody.

What

strikes

one

particularlyinthiscontext

isHitler’sintuitionvis-à-

visthemotivesofStalin

andtheSovietUnion.Itis

notnecessarytoenlargeon

this

subject.

What

is

requiredisfortheBritish

authoritiestodeclassifyall

thepapersrelatingtothe

interrogationsofRudolf

Hessfortheperiod1941–

1942.

Itis,ofcourse,notthe

intentionoftheforegoing

tojustifyNaziatrocitiesor

theHolocaust.Butwe

prefertorelyonthe

assertionsofGovernments

andacademichistorians

who,labouringinthe

realmofeffects,cannotin

thenatureofthingsadmit

belief

in

cosmic

intelligences,

let

alone

theiractingforchange

throughleaderslikeAdolf

Hitler.Thereisadangerin

that,andtheconcluding

chapteraccentuatescertain

factswhichshouldmake

thetruesituationincapable

ofbeingmisunderstood.

GeoffreyBrooks

Uruguay,March,2002

CHAPTER1

Vergeltungswaffen:

V-1toV-4

INATALKwith

MarshallAntonescuof

RumaniaatFührerHQ

Wolfsschanzeon5August

1944Hitlerspokeoffour

V-Weapons

which

Germany

was

in

the

processofintroducinginto

theconflict.Thesourceof

thisinformationisHenry

Picker7whobetween1942

and1944wasMartin

Bormann’s

ADC

and

stenographer.

The

German

noun

Vergeltunghasadictionary

meaningof‘retribution’,

‘retaliation’or‘reprisal’,

butitsNationalSocialist

meaningwasbroader,for

theconceptofretaliation

as

such

merely

contemplatesthetakingof

revenge.

InthecaseoftheUnited

Kingdom,forexample,this

wouldsimplyimplytaking

measurestoinflictmore

damageonBritishcities

than

the

RAF

and

Americanairraidshad

inflictedonGermancities,

amilitarilypurposeless

enterprise.Itwasbyno

meanstheobjectoftheV-

weaponsprogrammeto

exchange

‘rubble

for

rubble’:Vergeltungmeant

theuseofretaliationto

terrorize

the

enemy’s

civilianpopulationasa

politicaltooltocoerce

their

Government

into

seekinganarmistice.It

wasnotintendedtopunish

Londoners,therefore,but

to

extract

Britain’s

agreement

to

withdraw

fromthewarandtoexpel

fromhersoiltheAmerican

presencethere.

TheV-1

ThefirstofHitler’sV-

WeaponswastheFieseler

Fi103unpilotedflying

bomb.Itwaslaunched

eitherfromashortramp

underitsownjetpoweror

fromalow-flyingHeinkel

bomber.Thewarheadwas

1tonneofhighexplosive.

Itsmaximumspeedwas

650kmsperhourandits

range370kms.Atthenose

wasasmalllogconsisting

ofapropellorconnectedto

arevolutioncounterpreset

withthenumberofturnsof

thepropellorimpartedata

particularspeedandheight

in

reaching

a

known

distance.Assoonasthe

presetrevolutionswere

reached,thecountercut

outtheengineandthe

bombthendropped.The

weapon

was

grossly

inaccurate

and

indiscriminate.Londonand

southern

England

were

alwaysitsintendedtarget

but

in

May

1943

preliminary

discussions

wereheldonthefeasibility

offiringtheV-1froma

submarinesuchasthe

large

Type

XIV

replenishment

U-boat.

AfterFieldMarshalMilch

had

expressed

his

scepticismtheideaof

usingtheflyingbomb

againstNewYorkwas

shelved.8

The

bombardment

of

Londonbeganonthe

morningof13June1944.

TendayslaterGoebbels

explained

the

intended

effectofthecampaign:

“Ofcourse,a1000-tonne

raid

has

a

different

effect.Buttheeffectof

the

German

bombardmentliesinits

persistency.

It’s

like

toothache.Finallyyou

havetodowhatyou

shouldhavedoneall

along.Yougotothe

dentist.TheV-weapons

bombardmentwillbe

continuedcomewhat

mayanditwillincrease

eachmonthuntilBritain

comestohersenses,that

istosay,untilthe

English

inner

circle

sweeps

aside

those

responsible

for

this

insaneBritishpolicyand

clearsthewayforan

understandingwithus.”9

Thisoutlooksummarizes

thephilosophybehindthe

V-weapons

campaign.

Ratherthanusetheweapon

againsttroopformations

on

the

various

fronts

rapidlycompressingthe

territory

remaining

in

Germanhands,theThird

Reichleadershipresolved

torelyentirelyonthe

psychologicaleffectofthe

terror

bombardment

of

LondonandtheHome

Countieswiththeobjective

offorcingtheBritish

Government

to

the

negotiating

table.

An

unspoken

hope

existed

that,ifthatwerenottobe

thecase,thenperhapsthe

BritishGovernmentmight

indesperationresortto

someactsoescalatingthe

slaughter

of

German

civiliansthatHitlercould

justifiablyrespondwithhis

ultimateweaponsofterror.

As

the

bombardment

entereditsthirdweekthe

intermittent

attacks

continueddayandnight,

imposingaseverestrain

psychologically

on

the

inhabitantsofLondon.The

flyingbombshadalready

killed

nearly

2,000

Londoners,althoughthis

wasnotalargecasualty

figurecomparedwithany

singlegreatraidona

Germancityatthattime.

By6July1944theV-1

provokedaresponse.Ina

MostSecretminute10totheChiefsofStaffonthat

day,Churchillwrote:

“Ifthebombardmentof

Londonreallybecomesa

serious

nuisance

and

greatrocketswithfar-

reachinganddevastating

effectfallonmany

centresofGovernment

andlabour,Ishouldbe

preparedtodoanything

thatwouldhittheenemy

inamurderousplace….

Itmaybeseveralweeks

orevenmonthsbeforeI

shallaskyoutodrench

Germanywithpoison

gas,andifwedoit,letus

doit100percent…”

TheJointPlanningStaff

consideredtheproposalbut

advisedthat“iftheAllies

initiatedchemicalwarfare,

the

Germans

would

immediatelyretaliateboth

inthefieldandagainstthe

UnitedKingdom.London

wouldbetheprimary

targetandcouldexpectto

beattackedbyflying

bombsfilledwithgasand

byupto120long-range

bomberscarryingchemical

payloads.”

In

the

circumstances,theJPSwas

notpreparedtorecommend

theuseofchemicalor

biologicalweapons.

Germanyhadhugestocks

of

battlefield

gases,

togetherwithnervegases

whichwereuniquetothe

ThirdReich,butagaswar

withtheBritishwasnot

whattheV-1campaign

wasintendedtoachieve.

TheLuftwaffecouldhave

launched

a

full-scale

surpriseattackatanytime

whenithappenedtosuit

theirpurposes.TheArmy

and

Luftwaffe

had

discussedatMünstergas

depotthepossibilityof

loading

the

V-1

with

phosgeneforuseinthe

eventofagaswarand

subsequentlyexperiments

witha1-tonnewarheadof

phosgene

were

found

satisfactory.Notestswere

carriedoutwiththeV-2

butapayloadof2½tonnes

ismentionedindocuments.

TheGermanshadattheir

disposalinthewestatleast

12,000tonnesofthenerve

gasTabunandvastlymore

ofthenervegasSarin,

whichisfourtimesmore

potent.

Most

of

this

materialwaskeptinsemi-

readinessin250-kgbombs.

ASarinbombofthissize

wasthoughtlikelyto

destroyalllifewithin

severalsquarekilometres

oftheexposurepoint.11

Overtheperiodfrom13

Juneto5September1944

10,632V-1flyingbombs

were

launched

from

NorthernFranceofwhich

5,602(52.7%)explodedin

theareaintended.Fighters

andAAbatteriesaccounted

for

3,230

projectiles,

collisions

with

barrage

balloonsbroughtdown231

and1015werefailures.

From16September1944

to14January1945about

1400V-1swerefiredfrom

theNorthSeacoastof

which301(21.5%)found

their

target

area

successfully.

DuringMarch1945a

successrateof47hits

(17%)wasachievedwith

the275flyingbombs

despatchedfromwestern

Holland.

Duringthedefenceofthe

Rhinein1944/194511,988

V-1s

were

fired

at

Antwerp,

Brussels

and

Liège.2448hitswere

obtained(20.4%).

InEnglandthefinaldeath

tollfromtheV-1wasput

at6,860deadand17,981

injured,Belgiumsuffered

4,152dead(3,470civilians

and682military).Inorder

tocountertheoffensive

Britaincommittedeight

fighter

squadrons,

480

barrageballoonsand438

AAgunsathome,while

40%oftheRAFbombing

effortwasdivertedto

destroyingthelaunching

ramps.

The

best

system

of

defenceinvolved(i)anti-

V1fighterpatrolsoverthe

Channel,(ii)massedAA

batteriesalongthecoast,

(iii)asecondlineof

fighterpatrolsbetweenthe

AAgunsandLondonand

(iv)adeepconcentration

ofbarrageballoonsatthe

approachestoLondon.The

defenceexpenditurewas

nearlyfourtimesgreater

thantheoperationalcostof

theoffensive.12

Themainproblemforthe

attackerswastoobtain

precise

information

regardingthefallofthe

projectiles,andattempts

weremadetoimprove

accuracybytheinstallation

ofaremotecontrolgear.

AtameetinginNovember

1944atReichsführer-SS

HQ

Höhenlychen,

Hauptsturmführer

Otto

Skorzeny

argued

energetically

for

the

immediateimplementation

oftheV-1projectagainst

New

York.13

Himmler

promisedtospeakonthe

matter

to

Hitler

and

Grossadmiral

Dönitz

remarked,“Iseeherea

newandbigchanceof

bringingaboutachangein

thecourseofthewar.”He

couldhardlyhavebeen

speakingofhalf-a-dozen

conventionalV-1flying

bombsandmusthave

meantusingthemwitha

poison

gas

payload.

AccordingtotheGerman

historianGellermann,in

February

1945,

after

decidingonthatcourseof

actionasareprisalfor

Dresden,Hitlerwastalked

outoftheideabyKeitel

andJodl.

TheAmericanswerewell

informed

of

these

proposalsthroughtheir

Enigma

decryption

operationandspiesand

wereconcernedthatevena

TypeVIIU-boatfitted

withahangaronthe

foredeckcouldcarryfour

V-1sandlaunchthemwith

impunitywithinafew

minutesatnightorinfog.

Theyneedapproachno

closerthan300kilometres

fromthecoast.

Itwasnotquitesosimple

asitseemed,however.By

theendof1944allType

XIVboatshadbeensunk

andtheUSoffshoreanti-

submarinedefenceswere

suchthattheKriegsmarine

consideredonlythenew

Type

XXIElektro-boote

capableofcarryingoutthe

operationwithaprospect

ofsurvivingit.Another

materialdrawbackwasthe

inaccuracyoftheV-1.It

wasnotremote-controlled

atthatstageandthis

factor,compoundedwith

thepitchandrollofthe

boatatlaunchwhilefiring

onacompassbearingata

city300kilometresaway,

madetheplannerswonder

ifthetargetcouldeverbe

hit.

Inordertoovercome

theseproblemsaremote

controlsystemwastried,a

version

of

the

ZSG

Radieschen,apassiveradar

whichwasfittedtotheBV

246

glider

bomb

and

homedinonenemyradar

andLorantransmitters.

This15kgtarget-seeker

wasfoundsuccessful.A

similarideawasineffect

fortheA9/10rocket.The

remaining

technical

problemstobesurmounted

weretherelativelypoor

quality

transmitters

availableandtheneedto

havesomebodyputtheset

inplaceandturnitonat

therighttimeatthetarget

end.Thismeantthata

numberofagentswould

havetobelandedinthe

UnitedStatesforthetask.

Aspecialversionofthe

sea-launched

V-1

was

readyforuseinNovember

194414,probablytheFi-103E,

but

the

OKL

development

contract

awardedtotheDeutsche

Forschungsanstalt

für

SegelflugfortheV-1

Radieschen,whichresulted

intheEwaldIIhoming

deviceandtheSauerkirsch

IIradioremotecontrol

system,didnotbearfruit

untilApril1945,bywhich

timehopesfortheV-1

campaignweredead.

TheV-2

TheV-2wastheA-4giant

rocket14metresinlength,

1.6metresatthewidest

pointofthefuselageand

3.5metresacrossthetail

assembly.Takeoffweight

was12tonnesincludinga

1-tonnewarheadinthe

nose.Therocketwas

transported

aboard

a

chassis

known

as

a

Meillerwagenwhichwas

towedbyaroadorrail

locomotive.Atthelaunch

pointitwasraisedupright

onthedetachablestarting

platformforfiring.The

fuel

was

a

grain

alcohol/liquid

oxygen

mixturewhichburnedfor

aboutaminutebeforethe

rocketfelltoearthina

ballistic

trajectory.

Maximumaltitudewas80

kilometresandtherange

wasupto305kilometres.

Duringpoweredflightthe

projectile

was

remote-

controlledfromtheground

orregulatedbyanonboard

gyro-compass.

TheimpactofanA-4was

equivalenttofifty100-ton

steamlocomotiveshitting

thegroundsimultaneously

at70mph.Evenwithoutits

warheadtherocketwould

excavateacraterthirtyfeet

deepand75feetin

diameter.

The

London

correspondentofaSwedish

nationaldailyreported:“I

havepersonallyseengreat

cratersmadebytheV-2.In

urban

areas

a

single

projectilecanruin600

houses.Itisnotthe

explosionorblastthatdoes

the

damage,

but

the

tremendous

earthquake

effect.”

Accuracy

was

poor,

however,andonly50%fell

within10kilometresofthe

aimingpoint.

TheV-2offensiveagainst

LondonopenedfromThe

Hagueon8September

1944,thefirstmissile

fallinginChiswick;the

lastfellon27March1945.

Thedespatchratebeganat

fourperdayandclimbed

totwenty-fiveunitsper

day.Of1269launches

against

England,

1115

rockets(87%)arrived.The

deathtollfromthesewas

2724persons.1739A-4

missileswerefiredatcities

inFrance,Belgiumand

Holland,

plus

ten

at

Remagen,ofwhich1265

(73%)

arrived,

causing

7000fatalities.

271(0.8%)rocketsofthe

totalfiredweredesignated

failures.15

WhereasGeneralDwight

Eisenhowerwasofthe

opinioninhismemoirs

thatiftheA-4hadbeen

operational

six

months

earlieritwouldhavemade

theinvasion“extremely

difficultifnotimpossible”,

ArmamentsMinisterSpeer

tooktheviewthat“the

enormousscientificand

technicaleffort,together

withthebottleneckcaused

inrawmaterialsandfuels,

preventedalargenumber

ofjetfightersbeingbuilt

instead”.

Intheautumnof1943

OttoLafferenz,adirector

of

theDeutsche

Arbeitsfront,suggestedto

Peenemünde

Weapons

TestingCentrethebuilding

ofanumberofsubmersible

containers,eachholdinga

V-2rocket.AU-boat

wouldtowthreeofthese

500-tonnebarges,each37

metresinlengthand5.5

metres

in

diameter,

underwatertothecoastof

theUnitedStatesand,

when

within

300

kilometresofthetarget,

floodtheballasttanksof

thebargetobringittoan

uprightpositionprojecting

about5metresabovethe

surface.Thiswouldallow

therockettobefiredfrom

agyroscopicallystabilized

platform.16

Trialswerecarriedout

withU-1063

and

apparently

similar

experiments

were

conductedlateratLake

ToplitzintheAustrian

Alpswhenmannedmidget

submarinespractisedfiring

rocketswhichresembled

small-scale

V-2s.17

A

Kriegsmarine

naval

experimental

station

(CPVA)waslocatedonthe

shore.

The

Lafferenz

projectwascodenamed

TeststandXIIandProjekt

Schwimmweste,andorders

forthebargeswereplaced

withStettinerVulkanwerft

andSchichauWerftElbing

inearlyDecember1944.

Ithadbeenfoundin

October194318thataU-boattowingasubmerged

bargehadtomaintainat

least4.1knotsthroughthe

wateratperiscopedepth,

forat3.9knotsthebarge

lostthedynamicforce

necessarytoholditunder.

Variousideasweretried

out

unsuccessfully

to

reduce

the

minimum

towingspeed.Asbattery-

propelled

U-boats

had

insufficientcapacityto

proceedsubmergedat4

knotsforanylengthof

time,anditwasalready

dangerousenoughin1944

tovoyageatnormalspeeds

withoutalsotowingthree

barges,theTypeXXI

Elektro-bootwaselected

fortheoperationwhich

involveda30-daytow

acrosstheAtlanticat12

knots.Thetimerequired

onthesurfaceforthe

operationdoesnotseemto

havebeendisclosed.

Whenthecampaignbegan

inearenest,scientistsat

Peenemündehadfoundout

thehardwaythata

successfullaunchoftheV-

2wasvirtuallyimpossible

fourdaysorsoafter

manufacture

and

a

procedureknownasheisse

Semmel(hotdumplings)

wasinforceonland

wherebyanyV-2tobe

used

operationally

was

firedwithinthreedaysof

manufacture.19ClearlyaV-2couldnotbefiredafter

thirtydaysinadamp

transatlanticbargeandso

theUSideawasshelved.In

early

December

1944

orderswereplacedwith

StettinerVulkanwerftand

SchichauWerftElbing.It

seemsself-evidentthat

theremusthavebeena

plantousethesebargesto

bringBritainunderV-2

firefromtheNorthSea.

In

1946,

the

Deputy

CommandingGeneralof

Army

Air

Force

Intelligence,

Lt-Gen

DonaldLeanderPutt,told

theSocietyofAeronautical

Engineers:“TheGermans

were

preparing

rocket

surprisesforthewhole

world

in

general

and

England

in

particular

whichwouldhave,itis

believed,

changed

the

courseofthewarifthe

invasion

had

been

postponedforsoshorta

timeashalfayear.”Putt

wasalsoquotedinanaside

ashavingstatedthat“the

GermanshadV-2swith

atomic

explosive

warheads”.Asurpriseisa

surprise

and

hitherto

ordinaryrocketwarfare

hadprovedunproductive.

TherangeoftheV-2was

200miles.Thecrucial

success

of

theAllied

progress

by

December

1944hadthereforebeento

drivetheGermanforcesin

Europebeyondthislimit.

The

objective

of

the

Ardennescampaignwas

the

Belgian

port

of

Antwerp,200milesfrom

London.Itwasservedbya

shortrailconnectionfrom

Germanyanditsrecapture

wasessentialforarenewed

V-2offensive.Furthermore

it

was

immediately

availableasaU-boatand

Lafferenzbargebase.The

A-9“wingedV-2”project

wasresurrectedin1944/45.

Germantestimoniesallege

thatatleastonesuccessful

testlaunchwasmadefrom

theHarzinMarch1945,

andinmassproductionthis

rocketcouldhavehit

London

from

central

Germany.

TheV-3

Fewcommentatorsseemto

beinanydoubtbutthatthe

V-3

was

the

“High

Pressure

Pump”

or

“England

Gun”.

Paul

BrickhillrecordedinThe

DamBusters:

“thegreatestnightmare

ofallwasthegreat

underworld

being

burrowedundera20-

foot-thickslabofferro-

concrete

near

Mimoyecques(between

CalaisandBoulogne).

Here

Hitler

was

preparinghisV-3.Little

hasbeentoldaboutthe

V-3,probablybecause

weneverfoundoutmuch

aboutit.TheV-3wasthe

mostsecretandsinister

ofall–long-rangeguns

withbarrels500feet

long!”

TheV-3wasprobably

based

on

the

1885

unsuccessful

ballistic

principleoftheAmericans

LymannandHaskelland

Baron

von

Pirquet’s

concept

of

sequential,

electrically

activated,

angledsidechambersto

provideadditionalvelocity

toashellduringits

passageofanimmensely

longtube.

In

mid-1942

August

Cönders,chiefengineerof

theRöchlingIronandSteel

Works,

Leipzig,

rediscoveredtheprinciple

while

reading

through

technicaldossierscaptured

bytheGermansinFrance

in1940.Heworkedoutan

improved

design

and

approached

Armaments

MinisterSpeerwiththe

idea.

Hitler

was

enthusiasticanddemanded

that

the

development

should

proceed

immediately.

Thedesignwasforagun

consistingofnumerous

lengths

of

smoothbore

metal

tubing

bolted

togethertoformabarrel

upto124metreslong.

Every3.65metresalongits

length

was

a

lateral

combustionchambersetat

from45°toarightangle.

The

shell

and

main

propellantwereloadedinto

ansFH18heavyfield

howitzerbreech.Whenthe

gun

was

fired,

the

projectile

would

be

impelled

forward

by

pressure

from

a

gas

cartridge,andonpassing

eachchamberittriggered

electrically

another

cartridgepositionedthere

which

gave

the

shell

furthervelocity.Thiswas

repeatedthroughoutits

transitofthebarrel.The

electricalactivationsolved

a

detonation

problem

whichhadbeencausedby

expandinggasesdetonating

the

auxiliary

chambers

beforethearrivalofthe

shell.Themuzzlevelocity

was

around

1500

metres/sec

which

was

significantlygreaterthan

thatofstandardartillery

andprovidedarangeof

about160kilometres.The

original10-inchcalibre

projectilewasovernine

feetinlengthandweighed

140kiloswitha25-kilo

warhead.Sixwingsopened

inflightforstability.

Twenty-five

guns

were

projectedwhichatfull

outputwouldhaveenabled

London,150kilometres

distant,tobesubjectedtoa

persistentrainofupto200

ten-inchcalibreshellsper

hour.Forthisreasonthe

project

was

nicknamed

fleissigesLieschen,Busy

Lizzie.

The

Heereswaffenamt,

or

GermanArmyWeapons

Office,contractedwith

firms

such

as

Skoda,

Krupp,

Röchling,

WitkowitzIronandSteel,

Faserstoff,Fürstenbergand

Bochumer

Verein

for

various

calibres

of

ammunition.Towardsmid-

194420,000shellswere

completed

or

under

production.

Evenbeforetheguntrials

hadbegun,workwas

startedinthelatesummer

of1943onavast,well

camouflagedunderground

gun

battery

to

house

twenty-fivebarrelsofthe

HPPontheChannelcoast

at

Mimoyecques.

The

barrelsweretobesunkin

shaftsata50°angle150

feetdownintotheground.

Aslavelabourforceof

10,000

persons

was

involved

in

the

construction

and

information

was

soon

passedtoLondonabouta

new

mammoth

“undergroundV-1site”.

Theinitialtestswere

carriedoutusingbarrel

lengthsbetween50and

130

metres,

first

at

Hillerslebenandthenfrom

arangeatMisdroynear

Peenemünde

at

the

beginningof1944.Various

permutationsofbarrelsand

chambers

were

tried

without

much

success.

Shellsweresuppliedby

numerousmanufacturers.

Intestsbetween21and23

March1944itwasfound

thatatmuzzlevelocities

above1100metres/secthe

tubesloststabilityand

developedmetalstresses.

General

Leeb

recommended

that

the

projectbestoppedfor

investigations.ByMay

1944thegunhadan

acceptablerangeof95

kilometres

and

experimentswerestepped

up

to

find

ways

of

increasingmuzzlevelocity.

Beforeanygunswere

delivered,

the

Mimoyecques

emplacement

was

destroyedon6July1944

byRAFaircraftusinga

12,000-pound

Tallboy

bomb.Thissignalledthe

endoftheprojectforthe

long-rangebombardment

ofLondonandputthe

entire

V-3

project

in

question.

Neverthelessfurthertrials

withtheHPPwithshorter

barrelswereundertakenat

Misdroyandeventuallythe

wholeprojectwasplaced

inthehandsofSS-

Obergruppenführer

Hans

Kammler,headoftheV-

weaponsproject.Underhis

supervisiontheV-3project

wasacceleratedforan

operation

in

the

late

autumnof1944and,with

thehelpofGeneralDr

(Ing)ErichDornberger,

military

commander

at

Peenemünde,abatteryof

two50-metrelong15-cm

(5.9-inch)calibrebarrels

withtwelveright-angled

side

chambers

was

completed.

An

emplacement

had

been

excavated

at

Bürderheidermühleona

woodedslopeoftheRuwer

atLampaden,about13

kilometressouth-eastof

Trier,wherethebattery

wasinstalledunderthe

supervisionofHauptmann

Patzigandhis550-strong

Army

Artillery

Detachment705.

ThetwoHPPbarrels

restedonthirteensteel

girdersanchoredtoburied

woodenfoundationsand

werelaidtothewestwitha

34°

elevation.

43

kilometresalongthefiring

linewastargetnumber

305,

Luxemburg

City.

Calculationsshowedthat

the

two

guns

had

a

maximumrangeof65

kilometreswithashell

dispersionradiusoffrom

2.5to5kilometres.

Betweenthetwobarrels

werethreebunkersforthe

guncrewspluseitherside

ofthebarrelstensmaller

bunkerswhichservedas

shell

and

powder

magazines.

The

Lampaden

emplacementwaspartof

theplanfortheArdennes

offensive.

Ammunition

supplywaspoorbecauseof

disruptiontotherailways

andinviewofthecritical

timefactoritwasdecided

tousea95-kiloshellof15-

cmcalibrewithawarhead

of7to9kilos.The

propellantwasa5-kilo

maincartridgeandtwenty-

fouradditionalchamber

charges,atotalof73kilos

ofAmmonpowderper

shell.

Neither

gun

was

operational

when

the

Ardennesoffensivebegan

on16December1944.

Hurriedpreparationswere

beingmadetosupportthe

Germanoffensivefrom

Lampaden.

Luxemburg

City,liberatedbythe

AmericansinSeptember

1944,wasfinallychosenas

thetargetfordiversionary

fire.Althoughthebattery

wasonlyoperationaltoa

limited

extent

on

20

December,Kammlerwas

toldbyHighCommand

Westtohaveitready

beforeNewYear.

OnSaturday30December

1944No1Gunopened

fire.Theflightofshell

from

Lampaden

to

Luxemburg

was

42.5

kilometres.

Because

of

muzzlevelocityvariables

and

the

variety

of

propellantsbeingusedit

wasestimatedthatthe

targetzonewasfrom40.6

to43.6kilometres,givinga

dispersalofsalvoesof

about3kilometres.The

exactbarrelelevationwas

setat36°andthemuzzle

velocity

935

metres/second.

Two‘warmers’werefired

at2145hrsand2205hrs

before

Oberleutnant

Bortschellerorderedthe

guntoopenfireinearnest

at2216hrsinthepresence

ofSS-Obergruppenführer

Kammler,

the

battery

commanderandofficers

from

a

neighbouring

artillerydetachment.Fire

ceasedat2343hrs.Five

shellsexplodedmoreor

lessinthecitycentrebut

whateffecttheyhadis

unknown.

According

to

German

sources,thesewere95-kilo

shells,probablythesix-

winged

Röchling

type

numbered32,29,47,15,

28(firingsequence).On31

December

twenty-three

morewerefiredbetween

0007hrsand2333hrsfrom

No1Gun,whileNo2Gun

wasstillbeingadjusted,

thisnotbeingcompleted

until3January.

Followinground17fired

at0944hrsthepressure

tubewasfoundtohave

shiftedby4millimetres

andhadtoberealigned.

Aftertwo‘warmers’the

remainingshellswerefired

withoutincidentbetween

1943and1958hrs.

4January1601–2007hrs.

No1Gun,16rounds.No

2Gunreadybutdidnot

fire.

11January2016–2351

hrs.Bothgunsfired,total

20rounds.

12January1847–2224

hrs.Bothgunsfired,total

20rounds.

13January0757–1238

hrs.Bothgunsfired,total

22rounds,afterwhich

bothbarrelswerechecked

andadjusted.Becauseof

ammunitionshortage,fire

wasnotresumeduntil15

January.

15

January

Early

afternoon,

six

shells

explodedinLuxemburg

City.

16JanuaryLateafternoon,

sixroundsfired.The

towerofthecathedral

washitandfourpersons

attending

mass

were

killed.

18January1421–1638

hrs.Bothgunsfired19

rounds.Mostofthese

explodednorth-eastof

thecityinthesuburbsof

Clausen,Neudorfand

Hamm

injuring

13

persons.

20January0808–1353

hrs.Bothgunsfireda

totalof24rounds.

Preparations

had

been

takeninhandtotransport

and

mount

two

more

barrelswithselectedlines

offireintoBelgiumand

FranceandexistingHPP

ammunitionwasrationed

outbetweenthefourguns.

BynowtheAmericans

were

counter-attacking

successfully

in

the

Ardennesregionandasit

was

obvious

that

Lampadenwouldsoonbe

under

threat,

Kammler

orderedthedetachmentto

bepreparedtodismantle

thetwopressuretubesfora

withdrawaleastofthe

Rhineinduecourse.The

lack

of

ammunition

remainedsevere.

15February0908–1735

hrs.No1Gunfired20

roundsatLuxemburg.

These

all

fell

in

unpopulatedareasnear

HammandSandweiler

eastofthecity.

16February1020–1405

hrs.No1Gunfiredfour

shellswhichfellnear

Fetschenhaff

causing

littledamage.According

toGermansourcesthe

batteryhadnowonlysix

roundsleft.

22February1745–1858

hrs.Sixshellswerefired,

alloff-targetandlanded

inopencountrynear

Merl.Thisterminatedthe

V-3programmeandthe

gunsweredismantledfor

transport

across

the

Rhine.

On

26

February

US

armouredunitsadvanced

towithin3kilometresof

Lampaden

where

they

captured

guns

and

replacement

parts.

A

quantityofammunition

wasalsoconfiscatedand

testedlaterattheAberdeen

ProvingGround,Maryland.

The

V-3

HPP

was

consideredtohavelimited

valueandneededfurther

development.

Operationally183rounds

had

been

fired

from

Lampaden

towards

Luxemburgofwhich143

(78%)explodedwithinthe

territoryorverycloseto

it.20

TheV-3sufferedfrom

lackofdevelopmentdueto

thepressureoftime.Had

theMimoyecquesbattery

beenoperationalagainst

Londonin1943,delivering

2006-inchshellsperhour,

Paul

Brickhill’s

fears

mighteasilyhavebeen

justified.

V-4Uraniumbombeand

theDoomsdayBomb

Hitlerwaspinningallhis

hopes

on

the

Uraniumbombe.

This

laboratory-produced

nuclearexplosivewastobe

thewarheadinthelargeV-

2orA9/10rockets.TheV-

2hadarangeof200miles

whiletheA9/10couldhit

NewYork.Therewasno

rocketofthesamespecies

fortheintermediateranges

andthisomissionwas

fatal.ByDecember1944

when

theUraniumbombe

wasreadyforusein

numbersforthedefinitive

V-2campaign,theLow

CountriesandFrancehad

beenlostandnowthe

rangewastoolong.After

thefailureoftheArdennes

campaign,inMarch1945

Hitlerdecidedonalast

desperategamble.Onhis

lastappearanceatthe

front,heexhortedhis

troopstoholdoutuntilthe

miracleweaponshouldbe

ready,whichwouldbring

about

the

change

in

Germany’s

fortunes.

Posterityhasbeenleftfew

tracesoftheformerflak

weaponbasedonfiredamp.

Inprincipleitgenerateda

ferociouspressurewaveat

ground

level,

killing

principallybyblastand

suffocation,butithada

knock-on

effect

which

threatened

a

structural

changetotheatmosphere.

Themysteriouslossof

LuftwaffeandOKWWar

Diariesforthemonthorso

inquestionmayhavebeen

connected

with

the

execution

of

Luftwaffe

GeneralBarberandseveral

hundredpilotsandairfield

commandersforrefusing

toimplementorderstouse

itattheendofMarch

1945.Whencapturedin

Maythatyear,Hermann

Goeringexclaimedthathe

had“declinedtodeploya

weaponwhichmighthave

destroyedallcivilisation,”

theinferencebeingperhaps

that

the

use

of

the

explosivethreatenedtoso

destabilizetheclimateas

to

bring

about

the

cataclysm,butthatHitler

hadneverthelessordered

itsuseagainsttheAllieson

the

Western

Front

regardless.

It

certainly

doesnotlookasthoughit

happenedthatwayround,

forreasonsexplainedlater.

CHAPTER2

TheAryan

Physics

Doctrine

ON30JANUARY1933

theNationalSocialist

PartyunderAdolfHitler

came

to

power

in

Germany.Thosewhosaw

in

National

Socialism

nothing

more

than

a

politicalmovementknew

scarcelyanythingofit.It

wasmoreeventhana

religion;itwasthewillto

createmankindanew.

“Onethingiscertain–

Hitlerhasthespiritof

theprophet.Wehad

cometoaturningpoint

inworldhistory–that

washisconstanttheme.

Weuninstructedpersons,

itwasclear,hadno

conceptionofthescaleof

therevolutionthatwasto

takeplaceinalllife.At

thesetimesHitlerspoke

asaseer,asoneofthe

initiated.Hisinspired

pronouncements

were

basedonabiological

mysticism…thepursuit

of‘therandompathof

theintelligence’wasthe

realdefectionofman

fromhisdivinemission.

Tohave‘magicinsight’

wasHitler’sideaofthe

goalofhumanprogress.

Hehimselffeltthathe

already

had

the

rudimentsofthisgift.He

attributed

to

it

his

successesandhisfuture

eminence.Hesawhis

ownremarkablecareeras

aconfirmationofHidden

Powers.”21

These

Hidden

Powers

seem

to

have

first

possessed

Hitler

on

ArmisticeDay1918.He

hadbeenadmittedto

PasewalkMilitaryHospital

attheendofthewar

sufferingfrommustardgas

poisoningandplacedunder

thecareofapsychiatrist,

DrEdmundForster,who

misdiagnosedhiscondition

aspsychopathichysteria.

What

treatment

was

administeredandwhatthe

correct

diagnosis

was

remainamysterysincethe

Gestaposeizedtherecords

in1933andDrForster

committed

suicide

the

sameyear.Accordingto

Hitlerwhileatthehospital

hehadexperienced“a

visionfromanotherworld”

whichtoldhimthathe

neededtorestorehissight

sothathecouldlead

Germany

back

to

greatness.

His

anti-

semitismmanifestedat

Pasewalk.Itwastherethat

hepromisedsolemnlyto

becomeapoliticianand

“devotehisenergiesto

fulfillingtheorderswhich

hehadreceived”.22

“Yes,Hitlercontinued,

Nietzschewentsofaras

to

recognize

the

superman

as

a

new

biologicalvariety.Buthe

wasnottoosureofit.

ManisbecomingGod–

thatisthesimplefact.

ManisGodinthe

making.

Man

has

eternallytostrainathis

limitations.Themoment

herelaxesandcontents

himselfwiththem,he

decaysandfallsbelow

thehumanlevel.He

becomesaquasi-beast.

Godsandbeasts,thatis

whatourworldismade

of”.23

Thus

was

National

Socialismatrootanidea

embracing

powerful

emotions

harnessed

towards

a

demiurgic

transformation

of

the

worldbyanewraceof

Aryanmankindwhichwas,

orsoheimagined,atthe

sametimetheresurgence

ofanHimalayanraceof

profoundantiquity.And,

fromtheveryoutset,the

worldenemyhadbeen

identified.Inabooklet

publishedfromhisnotes

made

in

1923,

and

publishedbyHohenreichen

VerlagMunichin1924

underthetitleBolshevism

fromMosestoLenin:A

DialoguebetweenAdolf

HitlerandMe24,Hitler’stutorinmagic,Dietrich

Eckart,

to

whom

he

dedicatedMeinKampf,

demonstratedthattheroots

ofthehatredoftheJews

stretchedbacktothepre-

ExodusperiodinAncient

Egypt.

Theorientaloriginsof

Hitler’s

movement

are

obviousnotonlyfromits

symbolism.ManyNational

Socialist

speeches,

includingthosebyHitler,

weredirecttranslations,

phrasebyphrase,fromthe

worksoftheChinese

philosopherYangShang,

whosetheoriesinfluenced

ShihHuang-Ti(246–209

BC),builderoftheGreat

Wall,anemperorbeguiled

bytheesotericlanguageof

Taoistsacredwritings.25

TheGermanCustomslist

ofbooksbannedfrom

entryintotheThirdReich

wasfairlycompleteasfar

asthelanguagesofEurope

and

America

were

concerned,butlackingin

orientaltitles–infact

entirelydevoidofthem.

Theworksofthepacifist

Chinese

political

philosopherswerenoton

it,

and

even

German,

French

and

English

translationsofthesebooks

couldcomein.26

RudolfHess,interrogated

intheTowerofLondon

undertheeffectofatruth

serum,statedthatNational

Socialistsvaluedtheoccult

scienceshighlyandmight

evenbe,throughHitler,the

puppetsofaclandestine

DirectorateintheOrient.27

Nodoubthehadother

thingstosay.Exactlywhy

he

had

to

serve

his

sentence

of

life

imprisonmentinsolitary

confinement

has

never

beenmadeclear,buthis

uninvitedarrivalinBritain

one

month

before

Barbarossasuggeststhat

he,atleast,believedhehad

acogentargumentforthe

termination

of

Anglo-

Germanhostilities.

Thedoctrinethereforehad

itsvarioussourcesinthe

Orient,andalthoughthe

underlyingphilosophyof

Nazi

science

is

undocumented,itislikely

tohavebeentheHermetic

tradition.Hitlerwasa

discipleoftheBuddhistic

thinkerSchopenhauer,and

hissuccessstemmedfrom

aprofoundknowledgeof

magicalcausesoccasioned

byreadingSchopenhauer’s

treatmentofHermeticism.

Bythisismeantthe

ancient

Trismegistic

literatureoftheHermetic

tradition

of

which

uncontested

Egyptian

treatisessurviveandthus

forthesecondtimewithin

afewpassageswefound

ourselvesconfrontedby

thespectreofAncient

Egyptinconnectionwith

NationalSocialism.

Hermeticsciencestates

thateachelementinmatter

hasasitscrystalaunique

geometricform.Thusan

assayistcanrecognizeany

mineralbymicroscopic

examinationofitscrystal.

TheexperimentalistSir

WilliamCrooks,having

spreadsomefinesandover

theheadofadrum,

soundeddifferentnotes

abovethedrumheadwitha

tuningfork.Itwasfound

thatthesandshiftedand

alwaysassumedthesame

uniquegeometricfigure

correspondingtothekey

sounded.Thisprovedthat

vibrationistheoriginof

form.Allmatter,mineral

ororganic,ismerelya

molecularstructureheld

togetherbyakeynote,

fromwhichonecaninfer

thateverythinginthe

materialuniverseisthe

result

of

vibration,

a

fortuitousconcourseof

atoms.Thewholesecretof

matteristhatallformisa

modeofmotionofthe

originalcosmicenergy,

foundinfinerorgrosser

formonallplanesof

nature.Thiswasthesecret

behindthephilosophyof

Schopenhauer,theguruof

Hitler,thatthematerial

worldisonlyanillusion

andnophysicalobjecthas

anypermanentreality.The

only

reality

is

the

vibration.

SinceAdolfHitlerhadto

suppressthecareerofa

sciencewhichdidnotwork

forthebenefitofhumanity

becomingGod,butfor

darker,

more

material

purposes,theredawned

AryanPhysics.

AryanPhysics(thetermis

twinned

with

the

expressionJewishPhysics

whichmeansanyscientific

procedurenotcompatible

withAryandoctrine)wasa

NationalSocialistdoctrine

inspiredbytwoGerman

NobelPrizewinnersin

Physics,ProfessorPhilipp

LenardandDrJohannes

Stark,althoughtheimpetus

foritisboundtohave

comefromHitler.Inthe

fourvolumesofDeutsche

Physikpublishedin1936,

Professor

Lenard

had

completedtheunenviable

taskofsettingoutthe

doctrine.Itwasill-defined

and

fraught

with

contradictions.

The

principalpurposeofthe

twofounderswastorefute

various

20th

century

developments

in

sub-

atomicscience,principally

Einstein’s

theories

of

relativity,

and

also

quantumtheory,labelling

them“aJewishsedition”

and“theoutgrowthsofan

alienmentality”.

In

1927

the

German

quantum

physicist

Professor

Werner

Heisenbergpostulatedhis

UncertaintyPrinciple,a

propositionoffar-reaching

consequenceformodern

philosophyandscience

which

challenged

Einstein’sinsistenceona

causal,

predictable

universe.Sincequantum

mechanicspredictsthatthe

sub-atomic

world

is

without

independent

structure,thiscontradicts

notonlyEinstein’stheory

ofrelativitybutalsothe

Hermeticdoctrine,which

statesthatallmatteris

molecularstructureheld

togetherbyharmonics.

Heisenberg’sUncertainty

Principle

and

quantum

mechanics

assert

the

unpredictableandrandom

distribution

of

nuclear

particles.Itisclaimedthat

thetheoryhaswithstood

everytestdevisedforit,

but,nevertheless,contrary

tothegatheringscientific

evidenceagainstEinstein’s

theories,bothsystemsare

eventodaysupposedtobe

heldinequalimportance

by

science.

Modern

theoreticalphysicistssay

thatinordertounderstand

the

workings

of

the

universe

from

its

inception,

relativity

theorieswillultimatelybe

reconciledwithquantum

mechanicsinthesofar

elusive

unified

field

theory,buttheelectron

problem(inwhichthe

particlegoesoutsidethe

time-spacecontinuumor

range

of

observation

during

measurement)

makesthisunlikely.More

probably,intheopinionof

many,relativitytheorywill

ultimatelyhavetobe

discarded.28

Einsteinassertedthata

three-dimensional

continuumplustimeisall

thereis.Inthe1920she

pointedoutthatquantum

physicsappearedtopredict

thatsub-atomicparticles

communicate

with

one

another

instantaneously

and

regardless

of

the

distanceseparatingthem.

Thisimpliedfaster-than-

lightcommunicationwhich

wasprohibitedbyhis

theoryofrelativity,the

cardinalprincipleofwhich

was

the

dictum

that

nothingcantravelfaster

thanlight,sincethatwould

imply

a

number

of

unacceptable

paradoxes

suchastimetravel.In

1982thephysicistsAspect,

DalibardandRogerofthe

InstituteofOpticsatthe

UniversityofParisproved

byexperimentthatwhen

twinphotonsemittedfrom

acalciumatomtravelleda

significantdistanceapart,

andhadtheiranglesof

polarization–thespecific

angleoforientationofthe

lightwave–measured

simultaneously,

their

polarizationswerealways

foundtobecorrelated.

Einsteinhadstatedyears

beforethat,ifthatwere

discoveredtobethecase,

hewouldacceptthatthe

two

protons

had

communicated

instantaneously.Thusit

would

seem

that

the

Specialtheoryofrelativity

cannotstand,andtime

travel,UFOsfromother

dimensions“andahostof

other

paradoxes”

are

possible.

Muchearlierthan1982

AryanPhysicssuspected

thatwhenEinsteinwas

workingontheunified

fieldtheory,herealized

thatrelativitycouldnotbe

accommodatedinit,butby

thenitwasimpossiblefor

himtoadmithisearlier

error.Whiledismissing

relativitytheoryaltogether,

AryanPhysicsalsorefuted

quantumphysicsonthe

groundsthatallunified

fieldtheoriescontinuedto

view

space-time

in

Einstein’sterms.Since

Hermeticscienceaccepts

otherdimensionsbeyond

our

own

continuum,

presumablythis,together

withtheassertionthatthe

sub-atomicworldhasno

independentstructure,was

what

Aryan

Physics

consideredwaslackingin

quantumtheory.Sincethe

war,

through

optics

research

and

spectral

analysisfromtheOrbiting

SolarObservatory,OSO7

ofNASA,wehavenew

knowledgeconcerningthe

compositionandformation

oftheuniverse.Vibratory

sound

fields

do

exist

within

the

sub-atomic

worlds

which

appear

responsibleformolecular

structures

maintaining

their

specific

particle

configurations.

The

implicationisthatthe

structureoftheuniverseis

basedonharmonics.

Beforetheadventof

quantum

theory,

most

physicists

accepted

a

universethatwastotally

causal.Thesuccessof

Newton’sphysicswasdue

totheapparentlawsof

causalityseemingtoexist

forvirtuallyeverysystem.

Evenwhenpredictionwas

impractical,

classical

physicsstillassumedthat

thesystemwascausal.

Thismechanisticviewwas

basedonthenotionthat

realityiscomposedof

solidobjectsandempty

space,andintherealmof

everydaylifethisisstill

valid.Therefutationof

quantum

and

relativity

theories

meant

the

resurrectionofNewtonian

PhysicsinNaziGermany.

Inevitablythishadits

repercussions

in

the

nuclearfield,forasSpeer

explained,29Hitler“sethisface

against

nuclear

physics

for

doctrinal

reasons,”andevidently

showedlittleinterestin

havinghisscientistsbuild

anuclearreactorasa

power

source.

The

evidencealsosuggeststhat

hedidnotwanttousethe

atombomb.Ifonecan

accepttheideathat,far

frombeingmerelyamob-

orator

with

a

limited

intellect,Hitlerwasliterate

philosophically,evenifthe

resultsofhisbeliefswere

horrendous,

then

the

assertionofmanyofhis

contemporary

scientists

andmilitaryleadersmay

betrue,thatdecisionsin

thescientificfieldwere

based

on

his

obscure

scientific

doctrine

or

communicatedtohimfrom

anotherlevel.