by: taylor schwanzer. what is the endocrine system? hormone - secreted chemicals that are formed in...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 45:Hormones and the Endocrine
SystemBy: Taylor
Schwanzer
What is the Endocrine System? Hormone - Secreted chemicals that are
formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning
Endocrine System - The internal system of communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones
Target Cells are those cells equipped to respond to hormones
Endocrine glands which are hormone-secreting organs
Neurosecretory cells secrete hormones into the blood
Signaling Molecules Hormones: send regulatory messages
throughout the body in extracellular fluid Endocrine signaling
Local Regulators - cells adjacent to or near point of secretion
Neurotransmitters Cytokines and growth factors Nitric oxide Prostaglandins - help regulate
the aggregation of platelets Paracrine Signaling Autocrine Signaling
Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones Neuroendocrine Signaling Synaptic Signaling
Pheromones
Chemical Classes of Hormones
Cellular Response Pathways Water-Soluble
Hormones Lipid-Soluble
Hormones Multiple Effects
of Hormones on target cells that have: Different
receptors for the hormone
Different signal transduction pathways
Different proteins for carrying out the response
Simple Hormone Pathways
Insulin and Glucagon: Control of Blood Glucose
Diabetes MellitusType 1
(Insulin-Dependent)
Type 2 (Non-Insulin-Dependent)
Posi
tive
Feed
back
Simple Endocrine Pathway
Coordination of the Endocrine and Nervous Systems
Invertebrates Vertebrates Posterior Pituitary Hormones
Oxytocin Antideuretic hormone (ADH)
Anterior Pituitary Hormones Each hypothalamic hormone
is either a releasing or inhibiting hormone
Hormone Cascade Pathway Tropic Hormones
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) Nontropic Hormones
Prolactin (PRL) Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH) Growth Hormones (GH)
Hormone Cascade Pathway
Endocrine Glands Thyroid Gland
Control of Metabolism and Development and Homeostasis
Thyroid Hormone: Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
Parathyroid Gland and Vitamin D Control of Blood Calcium Parathyroid Hormone
(PTH)
Endocrine Glands Cont. Adrenal Gland
Response to Stress Adrenal Medulla
Catecholamines: Epinephrine and Norpinephrine
Adrenal Cortex Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids
and Mineralocorticoids Pineal Gland
Melatonin Biorhythms
Gonads Sex Hormones
Androgens Testosterone
Estrogens Estradiol
Progestins Progesterone
Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones
Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones Cont.
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