NameSunday, January 20

Date

Everyday CraftsBy Sharon Fabian

Crafts made in the colonies had a few things in common. They were madefrom materials readily available in the area. They were also made when thecolonists had time to spare from their main occupation of raising food.

Many colonial farmers took on additional tasks during the seasons when theywere less busy with their farm chores. Some colonial men became potters,making useful pottery items from local clay. Others learned to make leather ortin crafts. Colonial women became experts in fabric crafts - spinning, weaving,dyeing, and sewing. Women passed down their craft-making skills to theirdaughters, and men passed down their skills to their sons.

Colonial potters often made redware, a kind of pottery made from readilyavailable clay. Redware was porous, meaning that it did not hold water, but aglaze applied to the pottery often took care of that problem. Redware clay was not always red when it was dugfrom the earth, but when fired, it turned red, orange, or a reddish brown. Potters fired their wares in awood-burning kiln, since wood was also easy to obtain in the areas where colonists settled. Potters made usefulitems including jars and jugs. They also made pans, plates, bowls, and chamber pots.

A colonist who was skilled at making pottery could exchange his wares with a neighbor, or sell them. Either way,it helped provide the things that his family needed.

Colonial women made all of the clothing for every member of their household. They cleaned and prepared thefibers, often flax from flax plants or wool from goats. They spun the fibers into yarn. They dyed the fibers usingdyes made from plants and other natural materials, even bugs. They wove the yarn into cloth, and they sewed thecloth into garments. Some women became expert at one particular stage of the process, and they exchanged theirskills with neighboring women.

In addition to clothing, colonial women also made household linens. Rather than selling or trading their finishedproducts, they often saved linens to pass on to their daughters when they became old enough to set up their ownhousehold.

Clothing and household linens took a long time to make, and each piece was considered valuable. Clothes andlinens would be repaired many times to get as much use from them as possible. When an article of clothing becametoo worn to mend one more time, the good parts of the fabric were reused to cut out a new piece of clothing for asmaller person.

Colonial women have often been pictured piecing together tiny bits of fabric to make a quilt. However, quiltingwas one thing that most colonial women didn't do. They just wouldn't have had the time. Quilt making onlybecame popular years later when women had a little more free time and when commercially-made fabrics becamereadily available.

The crafts that these men and women made in their homes and on their farms demonstrated the resourceful spiritof the colonists. They used what they had, and they made what they needed.

NameSunday, January 20

Date

Everyday Crafts

Questions

1. Colonial crafts were usually made from ______.

A. imported materialsB. locally available materialsC. clayD. wool

2. Most colonial potters were ______.

A. menB. childrenC. womenD. factory workers

3. A type of pottery made in the early days of the colonies was ______.

A. tinwareB. stonewareC. tupperwareD. redware

4. Colonial farmers made pottery ______.

A. in the less busy seasonsB. in the springC. on SaturdaysD. late in the evenings

5. Colonial women became experts at ______ crafts.

A. metalB. fabricC. leatherD. pottery

6. Spinning, weaving, dyeing, and sewing are all activities involved in making ______ articles.

A. leatherB. potteryC. fabricD. metal

7. Colonists made crafts mainly because they were ______.

A. beautifulB. worth moneyC. usefulD. none of the above

8. Children learned crafts from their ______.

A. preschool teachersB. elementary school teachersC. parentsD. peers

NameMonday, January 21

Date

Pilgrims Seek Religious Freedom in PlymouthBy Sharon Fabian

The time was the early 1600's. The place was England. The century beforehad seen the Protestant Reformation, and the Church of England was now theofficial church. A person could not choose to join a different church.

By the 1600's, some members of the Church of England felt that changeswere needed. Some people tried to change the church from within; othersdecided to leave and start their own congregation. Those who decided to leavebecame known as the Separatists.

Because leaving the church was not allowed, the Separatists soon had to fleethe country. In 1609, a group of Separatists led by William Brewster fled toHolland and settled in the town of Leiden.

The Separatists lived in Leiden for years, but never quite felt at home there.It wasn't like England where they had grown up. They couldn't own their ownland there either. They thought about leaving Holland.

In 1620, they found merchants who were interested in financing a voyage to America. Forty-one members ofthe Leiden congregation decided to sail for America. Along with 61 other English people, they set sail inSeptember aboard the Mayflower. Just before they left Holland, the Separatists celebrated a Fasting Day in theirchurch to pray for God's guidance on the long journey to come.

On November 21, 1620, they landed at what is now Provincetown Harbor in Massachusetts. After scoutingthe area, they chose the abandoned Wampanoag village of Patuxet as the site of their first settlement. They calledtheir new home Plymouth.

With the help of the Wampanoag Indians, the Separatists, who became known as Pilgrims after their long trip,settled into their new home. They raised crops like corn that grew well in the soil of their new land. They raisedcows and goats. They farmed, cooked, cleaned, and sewed clothes. The Pilgrims leader, Governor Carver, madea peace treaty with the Wampanoag leader, Massasoit.

Three more ships, the Fortune, the Anne, and the Little John brought more Pilgrims to join their settlement.

In Plymouth, the Pilgrims were free to practice their religion the way they chose. Like many religions, theycelebrated the Sabbath weekly. They also celebrated two religious holidays, Fasting Day and Thanksgiving Day.These two holidays were not celebrated every year; they were only celebrated in special circumstances.

The Pilgrims also had traditional, non-religious celebrations. One of these was a yearly harvest festival. Thatfirst year in America, they shared a celebration feast with the Wampanoag Indians.

In 1623, the year started out with a good spring planting, but then their luck changed. There was a drought,and their crops of corn and beans became withered and brown. They were already low on food, and it had been along time since a supply ship had arrived from England. The Pilgrims observed a Fasting Day. They fasted andprayed for relief from the weather.

In the morning, it rained. Then they received more good news; a supply ship was on its way. The Pilgrims'fortunes had changed. Now, their church decided to celebrate by holding an official Thanksgiving Day. Theyattended a long church service where they sang, prayed, and listened to preaching.

The Pilgrims probably called that celebration in 1623 their first Thanksgiving. Today, when we think of thefirst Thanksgiving, we usually picture something more like the harvest festival of 1621.

NameMonday, January 21

Date

Pilgrims Seek Religious Freedom in Plymouth

Questions

1. The Separatists ______.

A. had left the Church of EnglandB. were CatholicsC. were Native AmericansD. were loyal members of the Church of England

2. After their first year in America, the Pilgrims celebrated ______.

A. bothB. ThanksgivingC. neitherD. a harvest festival

3. The Separatists lived in all of the following places, except ______.

A. EnglandB. HollandC. IrelandD. America

4. When the Pilgrims arrived in America, they met the ______ Indians, who already lived here.

A. WampanoagB. CherokeeC. SiouxD. Massasoit

5. Patuxet was ______.

A. an Indian tribeB. a Pilgrim leaderC. an Indian villageD. an Indian leader

6. The Pilgrims celebrated Thanksgiving in 1623 with ______.

A. corn and beansB. football on TVC. turkey and pumpkin pieD. prayer and songs

7. To the Pilgrims, Fasting Day and Thanksgiving Day were ______.

A. not celebratedB. days to feastC. religious holidaysD. days to exchange gifts

8. The Pilgrims who settled in and around Plymouth in the first few years arrived on ______ ship(s).

A. threeB. oneC. twoD. four

NameTuesday, January 22

Date

Government Under Colonial ChartersBy Sharon Fabian

Before 1776, the thirteen colonies in the United States were considered part of England. They were subject toBritish law. However, England was far away, and the colonies gradually developed their own unique forms ofgovernment. Colonial governments were part British law, part business, and part American democracy.

The first British laws that concerned the colonies were probably laws regarding trade. Most of the colonies hadbeen begun by companies, such as the Plymouth Company, the Massachusetts Bay Company, and the VirginiaCompany, that were in business to make money. England passed laws to regulate their businesses. The lawsrequired that these merchants conduct most of their trade only with England or other English colonies. There werealso laws that limited the types of goods that could be manufactured in the colonies. These laws made sure that theprofits made by the companies would stay in England. They also made sure that the colonists would continue toneed goods produced in England.

England was too far away from the colonies to pass laws governing the everyday activities of the colonies, and atleast for a while, it was not interested in doing so. So, it granted charters giving limited governing powers to thecompany that founded each colony. Major decisions would still be made in England, but then these regulationswould be passed on to the colonial rulers who would be responsible for carrying out the laws. So, for years, thewealthy businessmen who owned the companies were often the local government leaders too.

Gradually, as more government services were needed, the colonial governments expanded. Courts were needed tosettle disputes, and so a court system developed in the colonies. These colonial courts were allowed to try certaintypes of cases, both civil and criminal. The colonies also needed law enforcement to keep the peace, and soconstables and sheriffs were included in the local governments. Local governments also took on tasks such as roadconstruction and ferry service. They also organized militias of citizen soldiers. The colonists often got their ideasof how these local governments should operate from the government offices that they remembered back inEngland.

As long as the colonies were small, Great Britain did not take a great interest in their government; however, oncethe colonies became larger and richer, Great Britain began to take more notice of what was going on over here.And the colonists were still subjects of Great Britain. The King or Queen of England was the final authority ongovernment matters.

Eventually, the wants and needs of the colonists began to come into conflict with the laws passed by Great Britain.This began to happen especially during the time of the French and Indian Wars. One result of those wars was thatthe colonists began to feel more like Americans and less like British citizens. This too contributed to the conflictbetween the colonists and the British.

Rule by colonial charter had begun in the 1600's. It lasted until 1776. Then, as we know, the United States becamean independent country.

NameTuesday, January 22

Date

Government Under Colonial Charters

Questions

1. Government under colonial charters lasted from the 1600's until ______.

A. 1700B. 1699C. 1776D. none of the above

2. Colonial charters were granted to ______.

A. kingsB. presidentsC. companiesD. sheriffs

3. Under the system of colonial charters, the colonial rulers had ______.

A. limited powerB. power to collect taxes onlyC. power to veto laws passed in EnglandD. absolute power

4. Under the system of colonial charters, the final authority was ______.

A. the rulers in EnglandB. company ownersC. citizens of the coloniesD. the colonial governors

5. Colonial leaders made decisions regarding ______.

A. roadsB. ferry serviceC. law enforcementD. all of the above

6. Some of the first laws passed in England regarding the colonies were about ______.

A. electionsB. tradeC. transportationD. voting rights

7. The Massachusetts Bay Company ______.

A. canned seafoodB. founded a colony in AmericaC. manufactured goods in factoriesD. sold winter clothing through a catalog

8. Great Britain became more involved in colonial government after ______.

A. the colonies became more valuableB. the colonies needed more helpC. the colonies became statesD. none of the above

Name DateTuesday, January 22

Petition for Bail from Accused Witches, ca. 1692

1692 represents the year of the famous Salem witchcraft trials. In this document, ten women (and several men), all ofwhom are being held in Ipswich Jail, appeal to the Governor, Council, and General Assembly in Boston for bail, inorder that they don't die of the cold while awaiting trial.The document, with all original spellings preserved, reads:

Name DateTuesday, January 22

To the Honourable Governor and Councill and General Assembly now sitting at Boston. The humble petition of uswhose names are subscribed here unto now prisoners at Ipswich humbly shareth, that some of us have lyen in theprison many months, and some of us many weeks, who are charged with witchcraft, and not being conscious to ourselves of any guilt of that nature lying upon our consciences; our earnest request is that seeing the winter is so far comeon that it can not be exspected that we should be tryed during the winter season, that we may be released out of prisonupon Bayle to answer what we are charged with in the Spring. For we are not in this unwilling nor afrayd to abide thetryall before any judicators apoynted in convenient season of any crime of that nature; we hope you will put on thebonetts of compassion soe far as to consider of our suffering condicion in the present state we are in, being like toperish with cold in lying longer in prison in this cold season of the yeare, some of us being aged either about or nereforescore some though younger yrs being with child, and one giving suck to a child not ten weeks old yet, and all of usweake and infirme at the best, and one being fettered with irons this halfe yeare and all most distroyed with soe long animprisonment. Thus hoping you will grant us a release at the present that we be not left to perish in this miserablecondicion we shall always pray etc.Widow Penny, Widow Vincent, Widow Prina, Goodwife Greene of Havarell, the wife of Hugh Roe of Cape Anne,Mehitabel Downing, the wife of [text illegible] of Piscataqua, Hanah Brumidge of Havarell, Rachel Hafield, besidesthre or four men

1. By whom is this document written?

A. Widow Penny

B. the jailers of the accused witches of Salem

C. the accused witches of Salem

D. the Governor of Massachusetts and other government officials

2. To whom is this document addressed?

A. Widow Penny

B. the jailers of the accused witches of Salem

C. the accused witches of Salem

D. the Governor of Massachusetts and other government officials

3. What year was this document created?

A. 1672

B. 1692

C. 1962

D. 1762

4. The writers of this document are _____.

A. women only

B. men only

C. men, women, and children

D. men and women

5. According to the document, what are some of the reasons the writers give for seeking bail?

Name DateTuesday, January 22

6. According to this document, how many of the accused witches (in this group) were men?

7. According to this document, how many of the accused witches (in this group) were widows?

8. Were the writers of this document granted the bail they sought?

9. Based on your knowledge of history, were the accused witches of Salem actually witches? How do youknow? In your answer, consider both the accusers and the accused, as well as the historical context.

Name DateTuesday, January 22

10. What are some historical reasons for the Salem witchcraft trials? Has history been able to provide us withany reasons for the hysteria that engulfed Salem in the last part of the 17th century? Can you think of anymodern-day parallels to the Salem witch trials?

Name DateTuesday, January 22

NameWednesday, January 23

Date

Colonial CommunicationBy Sharon Fabian

The early colonists had to devise their own methods of communication. Not only didn't they have the modernmethods of communication that we have today; they didn't have any organized way to communicate at first.

If a colonist wanted to send a message to a family member or to a business back in England, the only way was towrite a letter and send it back across the Atlantic Ocean by ship. A reply, if it came at all, could take many months.

The colonists often did not even have this one method of communication when it came to communicating withother colonies. Gradually they developed methods of their own. Some of the methods of communications used inthe early days of the colonies were horseback messengers, newspapers, broadsides, and even town criers.

The colonists who had lived in towns back in England were familiar with a town crier. The town crier shouted outnews and announcements in a common meeting area in town. He might cry out the news from the steps of a localinn or on a busy street corner. Sometimes, town criers announced news and important events in this same way inthe new colonies, but as more people learned to read, town criers gradually went out of business.

Broadsides were used from the early days in the colonies to spread news in the form of print. A broadside was aposter printed something like a newspaper article and designed to attract the attention of people passing by. Itwould have been "published" by nailing it to a tree, a pole, or the side of a building. Broadsides spread importantnews, made announcements of public interest, and recruited men for military service. They also advertisedproducts, services, and upcoming entertainments.

Broadsides were also posted to argue for or against controversial issues. Many broadsides encouraged thecolonists to stick together against the British. For example, broadsides were posted arguing against the Stamp Actthat so many colonists hated.

The early colonists also tried publishing newspapers; however, newspapers did not become popular until themid-1700's. The first newspapers were probably only one page, printed on both sides. They may have beenpublished weekly, and at first probably contained more news from England than from the colonies themselves.European wars and speeches by famous European leaders might have been the lead stories. Local news such as afire or an accident might also have been featured. The arrival of a ship in the colonies was always news too.

The first colonial newspaper to publish continuously was the Boston News-Letter which began publication in1704. From earliest times, colonial newspapers took on the role of keeping an eye on the government to see what itwas up to, and newspapers still make that their responsibility today.

Sometimes a colonist needed to send an individual message, not publish it for everyone to see. Then they used amessenger on horseback. These early messengers used whatever roads and trails were available to get theirmessages delivered. Later, their paths developed into the post roads used by the postal service. Messengers playedan important role in keeping the new colonial governments operating. A government operating in one town couldshare its ideas and its successes with other towns by sending a messenger. Soon, most local governments haddeveloped their own committee of correspondence to keep the messages flowing.

People have always needed some way to communicate with each other. Years before the beginning of the postalservice or any kind of electronic communication, the colonists had developed several ways.

NameWednesday, January 23

Date

Colonial Communication

Questions

1. The early colonists communicated by ______.

A. neitherB. town criersC. broadsidesD. both

2. The early colonists communicated by ______.

A. telegraphB. bothC. neitherD. horseback messengers

3. The only way to communicate with someone is Europe was by ______.

A. shipB. broadsideC. telegramD. horseback messenger

4. The postal service was set up for the colonists before they arrived in America.

A. falseB. true

5. Town criers were used for communication ______ newspapers became popular.

A. beforeB. after

6. A broadside might be ______.

A. nailed to a treeB. nailed to a postC. posted on the side of a buildingD. all of the above

7. The earliest colonial newspapers ______.

A. were printed in EnglandB. featured stories about events in EuropeC. were only eight pages longD. all of the above

8. From the information in this article, and from what you know about life in the colonies, you can infer that itmight take a messenger ______ to deliver a message from one colony to another.

A. two hourB. monthsC. several daysD. only minutes

NameThursday, January 24

Date

ShoppingBy Sharon Fabian

For the first colonists in North America, there was no place to shop!However, being the resourceful people that they were, the colonists soonwent to work to remedy that situation.

One of the first difficulties was money. The British colonists used Britishmoney, of course, but there just wasn't enough of it in the colonies. Thepounds, shillings, and pence that they had brought along were just enough tobuy the things that they needed from England. There wasn't enough tosupport a colonial economy too.

That didn't stop the colonists. They found other things to use in place ofBritish coins. For example, iron nails and musket balls were both used as money substitutes. The colonists alsoused wampum, already in use by the Native Americans. Wampum was made from polished pieces of clamshells.Each piece had a hole drilled in the center so that the pieces could be strung together for easy use.

Whatever they used in place of coins, the colonists still kept track of their money by using the British monetarysystem. In their account books, merchants would keep records in pounds, shillings, and pence - not in nails andmusket balls.

The colonial merchants needed a good place to sell their merchandise too, and so, just as we have our shoppingmalls today, many colonial towns had their market squares. In this central area, colonists could find all sorts ofitems for sale. Some towns set up market days each week, so that everyone knew when it was time to buy and sell.Some towns organized fairs in their market square. On fair days, colonists from all around came into town, enjoyedthe fair, and shopped.

Many craftsmen sold their merchandise right from the shop in which it was made. As towns grew, they began toinclude businesses like the miller's, the apothecary, and the cooper's shops. At the millers, shoppers could buy flouror cornmeal ground on the premises. The apothecary was an all-purpose health shop - it sold medicines, herbs, andleeches, along with many other items necessary for maintaining a healthy colonial lifestyle. The cooper sold alltypes of wooden containers, especially barrels. Other shops sold whatever colonial craftsmen could make andcolonists would buy - everything from roofing shingles to silver tableware.

Some colonists lived too far out on the frontier to come into town to shop, but resourceful merchants found waysto reach these customers too. Peddlers loaded up their wagon and hitched up their horse, and they were in business.They traveled all over the countryside, going door to door to make their sales pitch. On their wagon was everythinga customer might need, and some items that no one really needed. Some peddlers could talk nearly anyone intobuying nearly anything. Their wares might have included fabric for sewing dresses, knives for hunting, andmedicines guaranteed to cure whatever ailed you.

Colonists used cash and credit when they shopped. For credit sales, merchants kept track of the money owed themin an account book. Sometimes colonists didn't bother with money at all; they just traded for what they needed.

Soon, each of the thirteen colonies had thriving businesses and happy customers. Americans have been shoppingever since.

NameThursday, January 24

Date

Shopping

Questions

1. To buy what they needed, colonists used ______.

A. moneyB. wampumC. creditD. all of the above

2. Since money was scarce, ______ were sometimes used in place of money.

A. buttonsB. nailsC. pencilsD. none of the above

3. Colonists shopped ______.

A. in market squaresB. with traveling peddlersC. in craftsmen's shopsD. all of the above

4. A cooper sold ______.

A. shoesB. cornmealC. medicineD. barrels

5. An apothecary sold ______.

A. cornmealB. barrelsC. shoesD. medicine

6. A miller sold ______.

A. barrelsB. cornmealC. shoesD. medicine

7. Traveling peddlers were good ______.

A. record keepersB. salesmenC. farmersD. craftsmen

8. Colonial merchants kept track of money owed to them in ______.

A. international money unitsB. wampum, iron nails, or musket ballsC. pounds, shillings, and penceD. dollars and cents

NameFriday, January 25

Date

The "Witches" of Salem, Massachusetts: Part 1By Joyce Furstenau

What is the first thing that comes to mind when you hear the nameSalem, Massachusetts? For most people it is the Salem Witch Trials of1692. Twenty-four people were put to death as a result of these trials. Itwas a dark time in the history of Massachusetts.

During the seventeenth century, the average Englishman believed in theexistence of an actual devil. They believed he interfered with life onearth to bring misery upon the godly. Those assisting the devil in thesetasks were called "witches." Witches were generally thought to bewomen, although males could be tricked into participation.

The political conditions in Salem in the late 1600's appeared to be ripefor the spreading of rumors as well. The Massachusetts charter of 1629was cancelled due to instability in England. Tensions in the New England states were fanned by several local warswith the Indians. New governors had been appointed and a new charter was about to be put into place for theMassachusetts colony.

In 1689, the village of Salem was finally allowed to have a second church that was independent of the Salemmother church. The Church at Salem Village was created. Minister Samuel Parris was chosen to lead this church.Two years later, some of the parish members thought Parris was too strict. This started a division in his church.Over time, the division between villagers began to grow. It was at this point that certain strange occurrences beganin Salem.

When Rev. Parris arrived from the West Indies, he brought not only his family, but also two West Indian slaves.At that time, many of the West Indies natives believed in witches and demonic spirits. Reverend Parris's slave girl,Tituba, brought these traditions and beliefs with her as a servant in the Parris home. She was a believer in theoccult. She told tales of witchcraft and magic to Elizabeth Parris, age 9, daughter of the minister, and her cousin,Abigail Williams, age 11. The girls enjoyed practicing her chants and were quite impressed with her "powers." Anolder girl, Ann Putnam, age 12, who lived near the parsonage, joined the younger girls in their curiosities. Titubataught the eager girls several of these rituals and practices.

At Ann Putnam's urging, the girls began to exhibit odd behavior. They began crawling into holes, posing instrange positions, and muttering words of nonsense. They eventually became unreasonable. To the girls, it was asort of game. To Reverend Parris, it was a sign of something much more sinister. He believed it was witchcraft. Hedecided to consult the new town doctor, Dr. William Griggs. Dr. Griggs was afraid to differ with one of Salem'sleading citizens, so he agreed.

The girls were enjoying the limelight. They continued their odd behavior in front of others now. The entire villagewas taken in by the belief that someone in Salem was practicing witchcraft. Then, a fourth girl was reportedlyovercome with a spell. The name of Mercy Lewis, age 17, was added to the list.

When confronted with the question of who had "afflicted" them, the girls replied, "Tituba." However, at Tituba'ssuggestion, they also added the names of two women who were the most disliked citizens of Salem: Sarah Goodand Sarah Osborn. It has been suggested the girls still did not understand the seriousness of the situation.

The girls were asked to "perform" publicly. Eager to be the center of attention, they agreed. People from near andfar came to witness their "possession." The citizens of Salem fasted and prayed for the delivery of the girls fromthe hands of the devil.

Tituba, Mrs. Good, and Mrs. Osborn were arrested on March 1, 1692. They were charged with "suspicion ofwitchcraft." When questioned, Tituba implicated Mrs. Good and Mrs. Osborn. She said they forced her toaccompany them on a witch expedition.

NameFriday, January 25

Date

The "Witches" of Salem, Massachusetts: Part 1

Questions

1. Where did the new Church minister come from?

2. What caused a division in his church?

A. Some parishioners thought Rev. Parris was too strict.B. There was not enough money to pay the minister.C. The women were taking over the church.D. The church was growing too fast.

3. Who did Reverend Parris bring to Massachusetts besides his family?

A. two slaves from the West IndiesB. his brother's familyC. his ailing motherD. his grandparents

4. Where did the young girls begin to learn about witchcraft?

A. from schoolB. from churchC. from TitubaD. from books

5. Why didn't the girls realize the seriousness of their odd behavior?

A. They were planning on telling the truth later.B. They were only doing it in private.C. They were planning a play.D. They thought it was a game.

6. Who decided the girls' behavior was a sign of witchcraft?

A. Reverend Parris and Dr. GriggsB. the mayor and the ministerC. their neighbors and their friendsD. their grandmother

NameSaturday, January 26

Date

Queen Anne's WarBy Sharon Fabian

The world is getting smaller. That's what people say when they are talking abouttoday's speedy communication or transportation. The Internet makes it possible tocommunicate instantly with someone on the other side of the world. Jet plane travelmakes it possible to be there in a matter of hours.

The idea that the world is getting smaller isn't a new one, however. For example,back in 1702, people may have been saying the same thing. In 1702, a conflict beganover the choice of a new king for Spain. Soon the conflict spread all over Europe, andalmost at once, the new Queen of England was involved in the conflict too. But, itdidn't stop there. In no time, the conflict had spread across the Atlantic and was beingplayed out in battles across North America.

In Europe, the conflict was called the War of Spanish Succession. In America, it wascalled Queen Anne's War.

How could a conflict spread so fast back in 1702? What made it seem like the worldwas getting smaller even in colonial times?

Queen Anne's War was just part of something even larger that was going on in the world at that time. Across theworld, a struggle was going on. The struggle was mainly between European countries. Several European countries,especially France and England, wanted to build up large, worldwide empires. They built colonies and fought forland all over the world.

In England, the war affected Queen Anne for the entire length of her reign as queen. She had become Queen ofEngland in 1702, the year that the war started. She ruled until her death in 1714, also the year that the war finallyended.

As part of the war effort, Queen Anne appointed her husband, Prince George of Denmark, as Lord High Admiralin charge of the British Royal Navy.

Meanwhile, the war was also being fought in America. Here, it was the second in a series of four wars thattogether became known as the French and Indian Wars. In these wars, France and several Native American tribesfought against the British for control of American land.

Early in the war, in 1702, England captured St. Augustine, Florida, which had been a Spanish settlement since theearly days of American exploration.

In 1704, France and its Native American allies moved in from Canada and attacked the British settlements in NewEngland.

An attack by 40 French soldiers and about 200 Native American warriors destroyed the village of Deerfield,Massachusetts. The colonists there had feared an attack and stayed sheltered behind the high wooden palisades oftheir town, but the palisades were no match for the French and Indian troops. Fifty-six colonists, including men,women, and children, were killed in the attack. The remaining 100 or so were captured and forced to march toCanada.

Among the captured colonists was a minister, Reverend Williams, who later wrote a book about the experience.Reverend Williams, his wife, and his five children had been among those captured. His wife did not make it toCanada; she died along the way. Reverend Williams and his children stayed in Canada for a year as prisoners ofwar. After a year, they were free to leave. Along with four of his children, Reverend Williams returned toMassachusetts to resume his old life. One of his daughters chose to stay in Canada and began a new life as the wifeof a Mohawk warrior there.

NameSaturday, January 26

Date

By that time, the tide had turned, and Britain had begun to win battles and take back its colonies. Britain alsosuccessfully attacked French settlements, like the one in Nova Scotia.

At the end of the war, a treaty was signed. The treaty was mainly between the French and the British, not theAmericans. It spelled out which lands Britain now controlled. Along with the colonies it already had, Britain nowtook control of Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay Region in the Northeast and St. Kitt's Island in the Caribbean.

Queen Anne's War was finally over, but the struggle for empire between England and the other Europeancountries was nowhere near settled.

Queen Anne's War

Questions

1. Queen Anne's War was also known as the ______.

A. French and English WarB. War of Spanish SuccessionC. French and Indian WarD. Revolutionary War

2. The part of the war known as Queen Anne's War was fought in ______.

A. SpainB. FranceC. Great BritainD. America

3. The part of the war known as the War of Spanish Succession was fought in ______.

A. EuropeB. AmericaC. CanadaD. St. Kitts Island

4. The war lasted about ______ years.

A. 12B. 10C. 2D. 112

5. England and France were fighting for ______.

A. moneyB. empiresC. a crownD. their rights

6. At the end of the war, ______.

A. Britain gained more landB. France gained more landC. America became free of BritainD. None of the above

NameSaturday, January 26

Date

7. ______ allied with France during the war.

A. EnglandB. several British tribesC. The United StatesD. several Native American tribes

8. Queen Anne was queen of ______.

A. AmericaB. SpainC. FranceD. England

Suppose that you were Reverend Williams writing a book about your experiences as a captive in Queen Anne'sWar. Write an entry for the book about the day when you and your family were captured.