by scientists for scientists

1
13 December 1963, Volume 142, Number 3598 American Association for the Advancement of Science By BOARD OF DIRECTORS Paul M. Gross, Retiring President, Chairman e Alan T. Waterman, President are yo Laurence M. Gould, President Elect tion a Henry Eyring Mina Rees John W. Gardner Walter Orr Roberts siderir H. Bentley Glass Alfred S. Romer Mel Don K. Price H. Burr Steinbach Scienc Paul E. Klopsteg Dael Wolfle Treasurer Executive Officer sclenci Acade VICE PRESIDENTS AND where SECRETARIES OF SECTIONS match MATHEMATICS (A) Magnus R. Hestenes Wallace Givens memb PHYSICS (B) Scienc Elmer Hutchisson Stanley S. Ballard CHEMISTRY (C) Milton Orchin S. L. Meisel article ASTRONOMY (D) mail. Paul Herget Frank Bradshaw Wood autho GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY(E) John C. Reed Richard H. Mahard photo ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCES (F) Abe Dietrich Bodenstein David W. Bishop tent. I BOTANICAL SCIENCES (G) it Aaron J. Sharp Harriet B. Creighton n ANTHROPOLOGY (H) parati' David A. Baerreis Eleanor Leacock tisers PSYCHOLOGY (I) public Lloyd G. Humphreys Frank W. Finger SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) import Kingsley Davis Ithiel de Sola Pool freedo HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) Our Adolph Griinbaum N. Russell Hanson indi ENGINEERING (M) Clarence E. Davies Leroy K. Wheelock develo MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) numb, Francis D. Moore Oscar Touster DENTISTRY (Nd) , Paul E. Boyle S. J. Kreshover imporl PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) ing sc Don E. Francke Joseph P. Buckley then s AGRICULTURE(0) A. H. Moseman Howard B. Sprague This INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) book Alfred T. Waidelich Allen T. Bonnell Nev EDUCATION (Q) H. E. Wise Herbert A. Smith ent INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (T) of the Foster E. Mohrhardt Phyllis V. Parkins resear4 STATISTICS (U) sored Harold Hotelling Morris B. Ullman Anc 13 December 1963, Volume 142, Number 3598 American Association for the Advancement of Science By BOARD OF DIRECTORS Paul M. Gross, Retiring President, Chairman e Alan T. Waterman, President are yo Laurence M. Gould, President Elect tion a Henry Eyring Mina Rees John W. Gardner Walter Orr Roberts siderir H. Bentley Glass Alfred S. Romer Mel Don K. Price H. Burr Steinbach Scienc Paul E. Klopsteg Dael Wolfle Treasurer Executive Officer sclenci Acade VICE PRESIDENTS AND where SECRETARIES OF SECTIONS match MATHEMATICS (A) Magnus R. Hestenes Wallace Givens memb PHYSICS (B) Scienc Elmer Hutchisson Stanley S. Ballard CHEMISTRY (C) Milton Orchin S. L. Meisel article ASTRONOMY (D) mail. Paul Herget Frank Bradshaw Wood autho GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY(E) John C. Reed Richard H. Mahard photo ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCES (F) Abe Dietrich Bodenstein David W. Bishop tent. I BOTANICAL SCIENCES (G) it Aaron J. Sharp Harriet B. Creighton n ANTHROPOLOGY (H) parati' David A. Baerreis Eleanor Leacock tisers PSYCHOLOGY (I) public Lloyd G. Humphreys Frank W. Finger SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) import Kingsley Davis Ithiel de Sola Pool freedo HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) Our Adolph Griinbaum N. Russell Hanson indi ENGINEERING (M) Clarence E. Davies Leroy K. Wheelock develo MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) numb, Francis D. Moore Oscar Touster DENTISTRY (Nd) , Paul E. Boyle S. J. Kreshover imporl PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) ing sc Don E. Francke Joseph P. Buckley then s AGRICULTURE(0) A. H. Moseman Howard B. Sprague This INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) book Alfred T. Waidelich Allen T. Bonnell Nev EDUCATION (Q) H. E. Wise Herbert A. Smith ent INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (T) of the Foster E. Mohrhardt Phyllis V. Parkins resear4 STATISTICS (U) sored Harold Hotelling Morris B. Ullman Anc PACIFIC DIVISON Phil E. Church Robert C. Mi President Secretary SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION Edwin R. Helwig Marlowe G. President Executive Sec ALASKA DIVISION Allan H. Mick George Dahlt President Executive Sece PACIFIC DIVISON Phil E. Church Robert C. Mi President Secretary SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION Edwin R. Helwig Marlowe G. President Executive Sec ALASKA DIVISION Allan H. Mick George Dahlt President Executive Sece iller iller Anderson retary Anderson retary rren retary rren retary The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in 1874. Its objects are to further the work of scien- tists, to facilitate cooperation among them, to im- prove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under- standing and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress. The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in 1874. Its objects are to further the work of scien- tists, to facilitate cooperation among them, to im- prove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under- standing and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress. BOlE NOE BOlE NOE Scientists for Scientists publisher and editor of Science are frequently asked: What ur objectives with respect to the magazine? This is a good ques- nd one to which we address ourselves often. We begin by con- ig our situation. mbers of the American Association for the Advancement of :e include many of the best personnel in almost every field of e. Among them are about half the members of the National -my of Sciences and some of the top scientists in industry. Else- in the world, outside the United Kingdom, our circulation es that of Nature. There are about 95,000 subscribers and ers, 15 percent more than a year ago. More indicative is that ;e is noticed and read as few journals are. Our authors receive requests for reprints. Not long ago an editorial mentioned an by Alvin Weinberg. As a result, he received 1000 pieces of Cover photographs have also attracted attention: 18 different rs have requested permission to use in their books a single graph that appeared less than a year ago. )ut 5000 scientists each year help in matters of editorial con- rhey prepare much of the material, judge it, and suggest how be improved. The editorial staff has freedom enjoyed by com- vely few, for we are not subjected to pressures from adver- or from the officers of AAAS. Science has a potential speed of ation matching that of the news weeklies. Thus, we have an tant audience, adequate scientific and financial support, and >m of selection. r goal is to meet the needs of our readers, most of whom are luals of broad interests who wish to be informed of notable >pments outside their special fields. We attempt to do this by a er of mechanisms. First, there are announcements of new find- n the reports section. These cover part, but only a fraction, of tant developments. Through consultation with hundreds of lead- :ientists, however, we become aware of significant topics and olicit articles to cover much of what otherwise might be missed. effort is supplemented by publication of meeting reports and reviews. ws of government has been of growing significance to many sci- .To meet the need, Science has the full-time services of three best reporters in Washington. They have opportunity to do the ch necessary for thoughtful stories. Their material is not cen- or arbitrarily edited. )ther function of Science, only partially developed, is that of g as a means of communication among its readers. If there is an effective scientific community, its members must speak to )ther. This communication can take the form of articles by indi- s, or of summaries of reports of important committees. Often ditorials are a means of such communication, for they fre- y express views shared by many of our readers. So, too, are to the editor. This section has been expanding, and the material tted has increased, while improving in quality. Our goal in this s to create a forum that the best minds will consider desirable ppropriate. summary, we wish to make Science a magazine of excellence ,at the same time, fills many of the intellectual needs of our ers and draws them into solid fraternal relationship.-P.H.A. Scientists for Scientists publisher and editor of Science are frequently asked: What ur objectives with respect to the magazine? This is a good ques- nd one to which we address ourselves often. We begin by con- ig our situation. mbers of the American Association for the Advancement of :e include many of the best personnel in almost every field of e. Among them are about half the members of the National -my of Sciences and some of the top scientists in industry. Else- in the world, outside the United Kingdom, our circulation es that of Nature. There are about 95,000 subscribers and ers, 15 percent more than a year ago. More indicative is that ;e is noticed and read as few journals are. Our authors receive requests for reprints. Not long ago an editorial mentioned an by Alvin Weinberg. As a result, he received 1000 pieces of Cover photographs have also attracted attention: 18 different rs have requested permission to use in their books a single graph that appeared less than a year ago. )ut 5000 scientists each year help in matters of editorial con- rhey prepare much of the material, judge it, and suggest how be improved. The editorial staff has freedom enjoyed by com- vely few, for we are not subjected to pressures from adver- or from the officers of AAAS. Science has a potential speed of ation matching that of the news weeklies. Thus, we have an tant audience, adequate scientific and financial support, and >m of selection. r goal is to meet the needs of our readers, most of whom are luals of broad interests who wish to be informed of notable >pments outside their special fields. We attempt to do this by a er of mechanisms. First, there are announcements of new find- n the reports section. These cover part, but only a fraction, of tant developments. Through consultation with hundreds of lead- :ientists, however, we become aware of significant topics and olicit articles to cover much of what otherwise might be missed. effort is supplemented by publication of meeting reports and reviews. ws of government has been of growing significance to many sci- .To meet the need, Science has the full-time services of three best reporters in Washington. They have opportunity to do the ch necessary for thoughtful stories. Their material is not cen- or arbitrarily edited. )ther function of Science, only partially developed, is that of g as a means of communication among its readers. If there is an effective scientific community, its members must speak to )ther. This communication can take the form of articles by indi- s, or of summaries of reports of important committees. Often ditorials are a means of such communication, for they fre- y express views shared by many of our readers. So, too, are to the editor. This section has been expanding, and the material tted has increased, while improving in quality. Our goal in this s to create a forum that the best minds will consider desirable ppropriate. summary, we wish to make Science a magazine of excellence ,at the same time, fills many of the intellectual needs of our ers and draws them into solid fraternal relationship.-P.H.A.

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Page 1: By Scientists for Scientists

13 December 1963, Volume 142, Number 3598

American Association for the Advancement of Science By

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Paul M. Gross, Retiring President, Chairman e

Alan T. Waterman, President are yo Laurence M. Gould, President Elect tion a

Henry Eyring Mina Rees John W. Gardner Walter Orr Roberts siderir H. Bentley Glass Alfred S. Romer Mel Don K. Price H. Burr Steinbach

Scienc Paul E. Klopsteg Dael Wolfle Treasurer Executive Officer sclenci

Acade VICE PRESIDENTS AND where SECRETARIES OF SECTIONS

match MATHEMATICS (A) Magnus R. Hestenes Wallace Givens memb

PHYSICS (B) Scienc Elmer Hutchisson Stanley S. Ballard

CHEMISTRY (C) Milton Orchin S. L. Meisel article

ASTRONOMY (D) mail. Paul Herget Frank Bradshaw Wood autho

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) John C. Reed Richard H. Mahard photo

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCES (F) Abe Dietrich Bodenstein David W. Bishop tent. I

BOTANICAL SCIENCES (G) it Aaron J. Sharp Harriet B. Creighton n

ANTHROPOLOGY (H) parati' David A. Baerreis Eleanor Leacock tisers

PSYCHOLOGY (I) public Lloyd G. Humphreys Frank W. Finger

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) import Kingsley Davis Ithiel de Sola Pool freedo

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) Our Adolph Griinbaum N. Russell Hanson indi

ENGINEERING (M) Clarence E. Davies Leroy K. Wheelock develo

MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) numb, Francis D. Moore Oscar Touster

DENTISTRY (Nd) , Paul E. Boyle S. J. Kreshover imporl

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) ing sc Don E. Francke Joseph P. Buckley then s

AGRICULTURE (0) A. H. Moseman Howard B. Sprague This

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) book Alfred T. Waidelich Allen T. Bonnell Nev

EDUCATION (Q) H. E. Wise Herbert A. Smith ent

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (T) of the Foster E. Mohrhardt Phyllis V. Parkins resear4

STATISTICS (U) sored Harold Hotelling Morris B. Ullman

Anc

13 December 1963, Volume 142, Number 3598

American Association for the Advancement of Science By

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Paul M. Gross, Retiring President, Chairman e

Alan T. Waterman, President are yo Laurence M. Gould, President Elect tion a

Henry Eyring Mina Rees John W. Gardner Walter Orr Roberts siderir H. Bentley Glass Alfred S. Romer Mel Don K. Price H. Burr Steinbach

Scienc Paul E. Klopsteg Dael Wolfle Treasurer Executive Officer sclenci

Acade VICE PRESIDENTS AND where SECRETARIES OF SECTIONS

match MATHEMATICS (A) Magnus R. Hestenes Wallace Givens memb

PHYSICS (B) Scienc Elmer Hutchisson Stanley S. Ballard

CHEMISTRY (C) Milton Orchin S. L. Meisel article

ASTRONOMY (D) mail. Paul Herget Frank Bradshaw Wood autho

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) John C. Reed Richard H. Mahard photo

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCES (F) Abe Dietrich Bodenstein David W. Bishop tent. I

BOTANICAL SCIENCES (G) it Aaron J. Sharp Harriet B. Creighton n

ANTHROPOLOGY (H) parati' David A. Baerreis Eleanor Leacock tisers

PSYCHOLOGY (I) public Lloyd G. Humphreys Frank W. Finger

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) import Kingsley Davis Ithiel de Sola Pool freedo

HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) Our Adolph Griinbaum N. Russell Hanson indi

ENGINEERING (M) Clarence E. Davies Leroy K. Wheelock develo

MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) numb, Francis D. Moore Oscar Touster

DENTISTRY (Nd) , Paul E. Boyle S. J. Kreshover imporl

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) ing sc Don E. Francke Joseph P. Buckley then s

AGRICULTURE (0) A. H. Moseman Howard B. Sprague This

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) book Alfred T. Waidelich Allen T. Bonnell Nev

EDUCATION (Q) H. E. Wise Herbert A. Smith ent

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (T) of the Foster E. Mohrhardt Phyllis V. Parkins resear4

STATISTICS (U) sored Harold Hotelling Morris B. Ullman

Anc PACIFIC DIVISON

Phil E. Church Robert C. Mi President Secretary

SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION

Edwin R. Helwig Marlowe G. President Executive Sec

ALASKA DIVISION Allan H. Mick George Dahlt President Executive Sece

PACIFIC DIVISON Phil E. Church Robert C. Mi President Secretary

SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISION

Edwin R. Helwig Marlowe G. President Executive Sec

ALASKA DIVISION Allan H. Mick George Dahlt President Executive Sece

iller iller

Anderson retary Anderson retary

rren retary rren

retary

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in 1874. Its objects are to further the work of scien- tists, to facilitate cooperation among them, to im- prove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under- standing and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in 1874. Its objects are to further the work of scien- tists, to facilitate cooperation among them, to im- prove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under- standing and appreciation of the importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

BOlE NOE BOlE NOE

Scientists for Scientists

publisher and editor of Science are frequently asked: What ur objectives with respect to the magazine? This is a good ques- nd one to which we address ourselves often. We begin by con- ig our situation. mbers of the American Association for the Advancement of :e include many of the best personnel in almost every field of e. Among them are about half the members of the National -my of Sciences and some of the top scientists in industry. Else-

in the world, outside the United Kingdom, our circulation es that of Nature. There are about 95,000 subscribers and ers, 15 percent more than a year ago. More indicative is that ;e is noticed and read as few journals are. Our authors receive requests for reprints. Not long ago an editorial mentioned an by Alvin Weinberg. As a result, he received 1000 pieces of

Cover photographs have also attracted attention: 18 different rs have requested permission to use in their books a single graph that appeared less than a year ago. )ut 5000 scientists each year help in matters of editorial con- rhey prepare much of the material, judge it, and suggest how be improved. The editorial staff has freedom enjoyed by com-

vely few, for we are not subjected to pressures from adver- or from the officers of AAAS. Science has a potential speed of ation matching that of the news weeklies. Thus, we have an tant audience, adequate scientific and financial support, and >m of selection. r goal is to meet the needs of our readers, most of whom are luals of broad interests who wish to be informed of notable >pments outside their special fields. We attempt to do this by a er of mechanisms. First, there are announcements of new find- n the reports section. These cover part, but only a fraction, of tant developments. Through consultation with hundreds of lead- :ientists, however, we become aware of significant topics and olicit articles to cover much of what otherwise might be missed. effort is supplemented by publication of meeting reports and reviews. ws of government has been of growing significance to many sci- .To meet the need, Science has the full-time services of three best reporters in Washington. They have opportunity to do the

ch necessary for thoughtful stories. Their material is not cen- or arbitrarily edited.

)ther function of Science, only partially developed, is that of g as a means of communication among its readers. If there is an effective scientific community, its members must speak to

)ther. This communication can take the form of articles by indi- s, or of summaries of reports of important committees. Often ditorials are a means of such communication, for they fre- y express views shared by many of our readers. So, too, are to the editor. This section has been expanding, and the material

tted has increased, while improving in quality. Our goal in this s to create a forum that the best minds will consider desirable ppropriate. summary, we wish to make Science a magazine of excellence ,at the same time, fills many of the intellectual needs of our

ers and draws them into solid fraternal relationship.-P.H.A.

Scientists for Scientists

publisher and editor of Science are frequently asked: What ur objectives with respect to the magazine? This is a good ques- nd one to which we address ourselves often. We begin by con- ig our situation. mbers of the American Association for the Advancement of :e include many of the best personnel in almost every field of e. Among them are about half the members of the National -my of Sciences and some of the top scientists in industry. Else-

in the world, outside the United Kingdom, our circulation es that of Nature. There are about 95,000 subscribers and ers, 15 percent more than a year ago. More indicative is that ;e is noticed and read as few journals are. Our authors receive requests for reprints. Not long ago an editorial mentioned an by Alvin Weinberg. As a result, he received 1000 pieces of

Cover photographs have also attracted attention: 18 different rs have requested permission to use in their books a single graph that appeared less than a year ago. )ut 5000 scientists each year help in matters of editorial con- rhey prepare much of the material, judge it, and suggest how be improved. The editorial staff has freedom enjoyed by com-

vely few, for we are not subjected to pressures from adver- or from the officers of AAAS. Science has a potential speed of ation matching that of the news weeklies. Thus, we have an tant audience, adequate scientific and financial support, and >m of selection. r goal is to meet the needs of our readers, most of whom are luals of broad interests who wish to be informed of notable >pments outside their special fields. We attempt to do this by a er of mechanisms. First, there are announcements of new find- n the reports section. These cover part, but only a fraction, of tant developments. Through consultation with hundreds of lead- :ientists, however, we become aware of significant topics and olicit articles to cover much of what otherwise might be missed. effort is supplemented by publication of meeting reports and reviews. ws of government has been of growing significance to many sci- .To meet the need, Science has the full-time services of three best reporters in Washington. They have opportunity to do the

ch necessary for thoughtful stories. Their material is not cen- or arbitrarily edited.

)ther function of Science, only partially developed, is that of g as a means of communication among its readers. If there is an effective scientific community, its members must speak to

)ther. This communication can take the form of articles by indi- s, or of summaries of reports of important committees. Often ditorials are a means of such communication, for they fre- y express views shared by many of our readers. So, too, are to the editor. This section has been expanding, and the material

tted has increased, while improving in quality. Our goal in this s to create a forum that the best minds will consider desirable ppropriate. summary, we wish to make Science a magazine of excellence ,at the same time, fills many of the intellectual needs of our

ers and draws them into solid fraternal relationship.-P.H.A.