by pipat lowatcharasonti chanunya bandhukul thailand trade and environment: tools to promote...
TRANSCRIPT
ByByPipat Pipat
LowatcharasontiLowatcharasontiChanunya Chanunya BandhukulBandhukul
ThailandThailand
Trade and Trade and Environment: Environment:
Tools to promote Tools to promote sustainable sustainable
developmentdevelopment
WTO and Environment
Importance of Environment• GATT Article 20
• Doha Declaration
Thailand as developing country
• Environmental concerns at the expense of International Trade• Increased market access of Developing countries + capacity building• Trade and Environment Coordination to be enhanced
• what is important to developing countries
Art. XX (b):Protect human,
animal or plant life or health
PrinciplesN
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Art. XX (g) conservation of exhaustible natural resources
Elimination in
Quantitative Restrictions
National Treatment
Most Favoured NationMost Favoured Nation(MFN) (MFN)
The General Agreement on Services
The Agreement
on Technical Barriers to
Trade
The Agreement on Sanitary
and Phytosanitary
Measures
Non-Discrimination
General Exceptions
Thailand’s experiences: Shrimp
Shrimp-Turtle case Shrimp-Turtle case
• United States: requires shrimp exporting countries to use TEDs in order to export shrimp and shrimp products to the US market
Status : The Appellate Body justified the US measures but not justified with its discriminatory practices.
Shrimp products
• Thailand is the major exporter of shrimp products
• Our major export destinations are US. EU and Japan
• The export value in 3-year period is
US • Its measures are qualified for provisional justification under Art. 20(g)
• Fail the requirement of the chapeau of Art. 20 - the US practiced discriminatorily such measures between some countries.• Some Central-South American countries have received technical assistance from the US a few years ago.
To ensure• social and environmental Responsibility
• food safety and traceabilityThroughout the production chain
Starting date• for Farm: 1 January 2007• for processing plant: from 1 Cctober 2006 Environment
measures and market access• not to weaken environmental standards to increase market access
BAP US: Walmart Thailand
Best Aquaculture Practices• To apply best management practices is
Major US retailer• will sell only shrimp and shrimp products that has mark of BAP certified by ACC, inc. (Aquaculture Certification Council)
Why : technical assistance : capacity buildingAre important!
Costs• adjustment cost• expenses
Thailand’s experience: Shrimp
Thank you Thank you