BY: MR. CONNOLLY

Jackson’s Presidency

Seen by many as a turning point First Western President Age of the Common Man- growth of

involvement by citizens in public life

1824 – John Quincy Adams beats Andrew Jackson for the Presidency

Jackson feels robbed by a “corrupt bargain” Jackson tells people that Adams represents

the wealthy

The Democratic-Republican party splits

Those that support Jackson- Democrats

Jackson’s opponents - Whigs

Adams had big plans Build canals and roads Aid education and science

Congress is full of Jackson’s buddies, and they prevent any of Adams’ plans from happening

1828

More people can vote! Voter restrictions go down almost all

over the country

Jacksonian democracy

End of property qualifications Spoils system New forms of campaigning

Changing Politics

Nominating conventions

Campaign methods

Jackson was from a humble background

People saw him as a champion of the everyday man

Jackson the Man

Studied law Bought and sold

land Fought in war of

1812 Became a national

hero for the Battle of New Orleans

“Old Hickory”

Soon after becoming President, his wife dies

All kinds of people show up to the Inauguration, rich and poor

The party at the White House was so wild that Jackson fled and stayed at a hotel

Jackson had been fighting all of his life, but he had another one ahead

3 major issues: The status of Native Americans The rights of the states The role of the Bank of the United States

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Visual Summary

MAJOR ISSUES OF JACKSON’S PRESIDENCY

The Five Civilized Tribes 100,000 Native Americans still in the

Southeast Cherokee Chickasaw Choctaw Creek Seminole

The Cherokee

Had their own constitution Their own newspaper But when gold was discovered, the

government comes up with a plan to get rid of them

The Cherokee Alphabet

Jackson and the Indians

Jackson believed that Native Americans could ally with foreign invaders They can either adopt white culture Or go west

That’s it!

Jackson believed removing Native Americans would help them maintain their culture

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Critical Thinking: Cause and Effect

Indian Removal Act of 1830 The government begins to negotiate

to send the Indian tribes West Trade Eastern lands for Western

lands Give them money food and rifles for one

year It wasn’t much of a negotiation

The Cherokee resist moving

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia John Marshall rules that the Cherokee

are a dependent nation Federal, not state law

Worcester v. Georgia

Georgia passes a law in 1830 Any white person living with

Cherokee without a license will go to jail

Sam Worcester becomes a victim

John Marshall frees Worcester, and determines that the Cherokee are not bound by state law

Jackson doesn’t care

By 1838, the government comes for the Cherokee

Over 16,000 Cherokee are forced from their homes and put into camps That winter, they are force marched

from Georgia to Oklahoma

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Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840

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Over a quarter of them died along the way Called the Trail of Tears

There are three big issues Sale of public lands Internal improvements tariffs

Sale of public land

The government is raising money by selling land out West Northeasterners don’t want the land sold cheap They will lose workers in the factories Westerners want cheap land to settle the areas

Internal improvements

Northeasterners and Westerners wanted more roads and canals Food and raw materials can go to the

Northeast Manufactured goods can go West

Southerners didn’t want these things Paid for by tariffs

The Trouble with Tariffs

Southerners are growing so much cotton that they ship it to England and France

They buy stuff from these countries, but have to pay extra in tariffs

Southern economy depends on foreign trade, but foreign goods cost more

This leads to conflict between North and South

1828- J.Q. Adams raises tariffs The South goes nuts! They call this tariff the Tariff of Abomination

(an abomination is a hateful thing)

John C. Calhoun comes up with nullification to combat the tariff

A state can refuse to obey a federal law that it considers unconstitutional

This was an OLD argument: states’ rights Some supported a strong federal

government Andrew Jackson Daniel Webster

Some supported the states John C. Calhoun Senator Hayne

Daniel Webster- a senator from Mass. And one of the greatest speakers of his time

“It is the people that make up the Union, not the states”

“Liberty and Union, now and forever”

Webster and Hayne engage in a debate over nullification

South Carolina threatens to secede, or break away, from the Union Jackson responds with gathering the army Congress reduces the tariff, thanks to Henry

Clay

Henry Clay Missouri

Compromise Nullification Crisis

Earns the name “ The Great Compromiser”

2nd Bank of the United States Most powerful bank in the country The bank president controlled the

nations money supply

Nicholas Biddle runs the bank

He’s made loans to members of Congress

He brags about being able to influence

Congress

Jackson decides to shut him down Moves federal funds from the National

Bank to state banks Cripples the National Bank

The bank needs a charter, or permission by the government to run

Jackson vetoes the renewal He declares the bank

unconstitutional

Many feel Jackson has gone too far

Henry Clay called him a tyrant

Jackson won the re-election in 1832, so he takes it as a sign that he was right

Eventually, he stamps out the bank in 1836 He won the battle, but the economy was

a casualty

Increase in prices and decrease in value

Jackson tries to fight this by making everybody pay in gold or silver

When Jackson leaves, the nation is prospering

It doesn’t last