By Kiin Yang Managing Director GenTech Innovation Limited TORREFACTON ON EMPTY FUIT BUNCH: A Reality Journey From R&D To Commercialization CONTENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY- regulations and legislations PURPOSE OF TORREFACTION FACTS AND HISTORY OF TORREFACTION CURRENT STATUS OF THE TECHNOLOGY EFFCTS OF TORREFACATION ON EFB COMMERCIALIZAITON: IS IT A REALITY? CONCLUSION RENEWABLE ENERGY Solar, Wind, Hydro, and biomass Kyoto Protocol: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changegreenhouse gases RED (Renewable Energy Directive) EU2009: EU legally binding 20% renewable energy target set up Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), Renewable Electricity Standard (RES), Renewables Obligation in the UK: a regulation that requires the increased production of energy from renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal.regulationenergyrenewable energy sourceswindsolarbiomassgeothermal RENEWABLE ENERGY: What is REC,RHO and RHI Renewable Energy Certificate: Trading program. For each unit of power that an eligible producer generates, a certificate or credit is issued. These can then be sold either in conjunction with the underlying power or separately to energy supply companies. A market exists for RECs because energy supply companies are required to redeem certificates equal to their obligation under the RPS program. Renewable Heat Obligation(Korea): The RHO is a policy mandating the use of preset quantity of renewable energies such as solar, terrestrial, and bio as heat sources. Renewable Heat Incentive (the RHI): is a payment system for the generation of heat from renewable energy sources introduced in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2011. RENEWABLE ENERGY Usage of Biomass pellets to replace fossil fuels with high carbon emission and reduce GHG(Green House Gas) Purpose of Torrefacton What are its advantages: Logistic benefits? Storage benefits? Higher selling price? Waiver of government tax/penalties imposed? by the characteristics of the torrefied and densified biomass including better transportation characteristics and compatible properties to coal such as heating value, grindability, bulk energy density, and hydrophobicity. Among the various applications being considered for the torrefied & densified biomass, the most likely ones include co-firing with coal in pulverised coal fired power plants and cement kilns, coke and steel industry (for charred biomass), small to medium scale dedicated biomass and pellet burners, and gasification in entrained flow gasifiers that normally operate on pulverized coal. (Koppjan et al 2012) Facts and history of Torrefaction Background facts: What is Torrefaction? -In the torrefaction process, biomass is heated to a temperature of approx C in an atmosphere with low oxygen concentrations, so that all moisture is removed as well as a fraction of the volatile matter of the dry biomass -When heated at such temperatures, the moisture as well as various low-calorific components contained in the biomass are driven out. Then, a process known as de-polymerization takes place: the hemi-cellulose in the biomass starts to decompose and breaks down into polymers of a lesser size, which transforms the biomass into a product with coal-like characteristics. Related technology: pyrolisis, gasification BENEFITS OF TORREFIED BIOMASS Hydrophobic nature: the material does not regain humidity in storage and therefore unlike wood and charcoal, it is stable and with well defined composition. Lower moisture content and higher calorific values compared to biomass Formation of less smoke when burnt. Higher density and similar mechanical strength compared to the initial biomass Desired form suitable for various applications as a fuel in the steel industry, combustion and gasification. POTENTIAL APPLICATION FOR TORREFIED BIOMASS PELLET Fuel for domestic cooking stoves Fuel for residential heating Fuel for industrial uses can be blended with coal and co-fired in a Pulverized Coal Boiler should lead to an improved operation in gasifiers (Manuel 2011)ion/ Potential Application for torrefied Biomass (KEMA 2010) Current status of the technology Who has completed this technology Pilot, commissioning, failed? Investment figures Legislations or regulations REACTOR TECHNOLOGIES/COMPANIES INVOLVED ROTATING DRUM SCREW TYPE MUTIPLE HEARTH FURNACE TORBED REACTOR MOVING COMPACT BED BELT DRYER TYPE PROCESS FLOW Combustion Torrefaction Heat Exchange DryingCooling Biomass Flue-gas Torrefaction gas Flue-gas Bio-char To Pelletied Process Case Study by TOPELL (per year) FEEDSTOCKWOOD PELLETTORREFIED WOOD PELLET FEEDSTOCK INTAKE(Moisture 50%) 255,000MT FEEDSTOCK PRICE(USD/mt) 35 OUTPUT CAPACITY123,800100,000 PRODUCT LHV(GJ/mt) BULK DENSITY (kg/m3) PROUCT ENERGY DENSITY (GJ/m3) INVESTMENT FIGURE COMPARISON; assumption for the capital investment in million USD TOTAL Cost componentsWood PelletsTorrefied Pellets Woodyard5.0 Pre dryer (rotary drum) Torrefaction13.0 Hammermills2.0 Pelleting Silos1.0 Civil Works & others3.04.3 Other comparisons WOOD PELLETSTORREFIED WOOD PELLETS Kw/h consumption (estimation) Cost structure in USD per GJ delivered fuel COST COMPONENTWOOD PELLETTORREFIED PELLETSAVING BIOMASS ELECTRICITY LABOUR FINANCIAL COST OTHER COST COST PRICE AT PRODUCTION SITE INLAND LOGISTICS; PLANT TO PORT DEEP SEA SHIPMENT INLAND LOGISTICS; PORT TO UTILITY COST PRICE DELIVERED AT THE UTILITY EXTRA COST AT POWER PLANT 1.93 TOTAL COST OF COAL REPLACEMENT REGULATORY ISSUES waste treatment, end-of waste criteria standardisation and classification of fuels:CEN, ISO and national product standards include torrefied biomass. development of sustainability criteria serious consideration of health and safety issues related to production, transportation, handling and storage as well as energy conversion wood pellets transported in large bulk in large ocean vessels regulated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Charcoal is also regulated by IMO but is not allowed to be transported in bulk due to the reactive nature of the product. Torrefied material such as torrefied pellets and briquettes are currently not registered as a commodity and can therefore not be shipped in ocean vessels without special permission. Effects of torrefaction of EFB Sustainability of wood and its price due to such high demands Yield rate depending on the torrefaction parameters: Input moisture, terrefaction temperature, size, reactor time How it affects the characteristics Where can it be used? Which country can import these products? EFB VS TORREFIED EFB EFB test report Torrefied EFB Test Report Commercialization: Is it a reality? Commercialization of EFB pellet? Yes, for Korea starting July 2014, under the category of Bio-SRF Commercialization of Torrefacton for EFB? Yes, already in progress with private sector power plants Cost involved for the technology: Cost involved for the production of torrefied EFB pellet: production cost will be lower than normal EFB pellet Sustainability of the raw material as a renewable energy? Pelletizing is the final step. Conclusion Torrefaction for EFB: is the advanced pre-treatment system to prepare the feedstock for pelleting Effects it will have on the Oil Palm mills to dispose of their EFB waste Overcomes some of the difficulties involved in pelletizing raw EFB Creation of jobs Local and export opportunities Contribution to reducing carbon emission Thank You Presented by