by joseph szatkowski and cody borgschulte. ● uses phenomenon associated with quantum mechanics...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: By Joseph Szatkowski and Cody Borgschulte. ● Uses phenomenon associated with quantum mechanics instead of electrical circuitry ● Quantum mechanics explains](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649f0c5503460f94c204cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Quantum Computing
By Joseph Szatkowski and Cody Borgschulte
![Page 2: By Joseph Szatkowski and Cody Borgschulte. ● Uses phenomenon associated with quantum mechanics instead of electrical circuitry ● Quantum mechanics explains](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649f0c5503460f94c204cb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is a Quantum Computer?
● Uses phenomenon associated with quantum mechanics instead of electrical circuitry
● Quantum mechanics explains how particles interact on an individual level.
● Superposition● Entanglement
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Qubits
● Uses qubits instead of bits● Unlike bits, qubits can be on, off, or a
superposition of both.● 2 qubits can hold 00, 01, 10, 11, or any
superposition of these values.● This allows a quantum computer to perform
multiple calculations simultaneously.
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Physical representation
● A qubit can be represented by a single electron.
● Electrons have a property called spin, which determines how they act in a magnetic field.
● Up spin and down spin representing 1 and 0
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Superposition
●Quantum particles have the ability to exist partially in different states.●When measured the superposition collapses into a single state.●A superposition can be represented by a complex number, with coefficients representing how much of each state there is.
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Entanglement
● Entanglement allows two particle to interact directly with each other, allowing operations to be performed.
● Necessary because particles cannot be observed during calculations as this would collapse the superposition.
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History
● First theorized by Paul Benioff in 1981
● In 1998 the scientists at Los Alamos created an extremely simple prototype using 1 qubit.
● In 2000 a 7 qubit computer was created.
● This computer was programmed using radio frequency pulses.
● In 2001 Shor's algorithm was successfully demonstrated.
● In 2007 D-Wave used a 16 qubit computer to solve a Sudoku puzzle.
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Limitations
● To create a quantum computer you must be able to control and measure particles.
● Lasers, superconductors, etc.● Super expensive● It is unlikely quantum computers will be publicly
available any time soon.● Cannot measure while calculating.● Individual operations are slower.
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Applications
● Quantum computer can perform algorithms which transistor computers can't.
● Shor's algorithm can be used to factor large numbers in polynomial time (O((log N)^3)).
● Can be used to break RSA codes● Can simulate quantum mechanics.● Study cures, analyze large networks, solve
other “unsolvable” problems.
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More Applications!
NAS Ames Research Center Exascale Computing (10^18 floating
point operations per second) Grover’s algorithm (N^(1/2))
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Questions?