ByDr. Somchai Baimoung

Director of Weather Forecast BureauThai Meteorological Department (TMD)

Asian Monsoon Year 2008 (AMY08) WorkshopSeptember 3rd-4th 2007, Ramada Bintang Bali Resort,

Bali, Indonesia

The National Natural Disasters Warning Plan of Thailand

Seismic Network

in Thailand

Router

Router

TMD Bangkok

Provinces

Diagram of Data transfer from a Seismic Station to TMDDiagram of Data transfer from a Seismic Station to TMD

INTERNET

USER

IP ADDRESS

How the users can get the data (www.tmdseismology.com)How the users can get the data (www.tmdseismology.com)

Picture of Real Time Monitoring at Seismological Bureau

Real time monitoring Analysis software

Seismological Bureau, Bangkok

Phase IPhase I 15 Digital Seismic Stations 15 Digital Seismic Stations

(2005-2006)(2005-2006)

8 Short Period Seismometers

7 Broadband Seismometers

15 Accelerometers

15 Data Acquisition

Software

Telecommunication

Instruments/Instruments/SystemsSystems

Phase IIPhase II 25 Digital Seismic Stations (2006-2008) 25 Digital Seismic Stations (2006-2008)

Instruments/SystemsInstruments/Systems15 Short Period Seismometers

10 Broadband Seismometers

25 Accelerometers

Borehole Seismometer(s)

Borehole Accelerometer(s)

20 Strong Motion Accelerometers

Data Acquisition

Software

Telecommunication

Locations of Instruments ( Phase I & Locations of Instruments ( Phase I & Phase II)Phase II)

PHASE I

PHASE II

SEISMIC STATION 15

STRONG MOTION 6

SEISMIC STATION 25

STRONG MOTION 20

GPS STATION 4

TIDE GAUGE STATION 9

BOREHOLE STATION 2

Capability for Earthquake Monitoring

It had taken, at least, 20 minutes to identify the

location of epicenter and size of magnitude

when using the old network.

Using the new network (2005-2008), less than

5-10 minutes is expected to complete

preliminary determination of an earthquake.

T i d a l

G a u g e

N e t w o r k

i n

T h a i l a n d

Old stations that will be upgraded

New stations that will be installed

Locations of Existing Tidal Gauge StationsLocations of Existing Tidal Gauge Stations

List of 9 TMD’s Future Tidal Gauge StationsList of 9 TMD’s Future Tidal Gauge Stations

Name Lat (N) Long (E) Prachuap Khiri Khan 11.206 99.582

Trat 11.652 102.908

Phuket 07.490 98.321

Phangnga 2 08.572 97.639

Songkhla 2 06.873 100.959

Songkhla 1 07.678 100.395

Surat Thani 09.538 99.932

Phangnga 1 09.473 97.905

Satun 06.500 99.013

in Thailand

Dart Buoy

Deployment

Dart Buoy

Deployment

Dart Buoy

Deployment

Co-operation of USA (NOAA) + Thailand (NDWC)

Responsible & Care for the people of the Indian Ocean rim

The 1st Deployment of DART Buoy in the Indian Ocean

• to increase capability on the tsunami warning system of this region

• conducted during December 1-5, 2006

• At 9 N, 89 E

• The launching ceremony was performed on December 1, 2006.

• by – H.E.Nitya Pibulsonggram,

Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand,

– H.E. Ralph L. Boyce, U.S. Embassy of Thailand.

Deploy at 9 N 89 E in Late 2006

Deploy at 0 N 90 E in Early 2007

A

B

CSite Plan of Buoy Locations

x

x

Locations of Buoy Stations

Warning Towers for Multi-hazard Warnings

in Thailand

Warning Towers

Phase 1 (completed) :

76 towers installed in southern Thailand, west coast

Phase 2 (completed) :

48 towers installed in southern Thailand, east coast

Phase 3 :

144 towers will be installed in central, northern, & northeastern Thailand.

Aim : A complete network of 268 warning towers in 76 provinces of Thailand to transfer alarm signals for natural disaster warnings through a satellite orbit

Proposed Thailand’s Integrated Early Warning System for beaches, hotels, schools, buildings, boats, & cars etc.

National Disaster Warning Center

Thailand Thailand Tsunami Tsunami WarningWarningBangkok Bangkok

Disaster Control Disaster Control CenterCenter

INMARSAT

SchoolsSchools HotelsHotels Ships & BoatsShips & Boats

Diagram of Tsunami Early Diagram of Tsunami Early WarningWarning

Seismic Stations

Digital

TMD

Analysis and Verify Tsunami (Magnitude, Epicenter, Depth)

Natural Disaster Warning Center

Remote sites (Siren towers) Governmental Agencies

ASEAN, USA,

India etc.

Tidal Gauges

Website (Internet)

DARTS or Bouys in Andaman sea

JMA

Announce

Mass Media

Public

Data Exchange

By GTS

Felt Earth

quake

in ThailandPTWC

Phone Line,Email

By GTS

VSAT

Live global network websites

VSAT

Over threshold or

Abnormal Sign

Tsunami Warning Criteria

Magnitude Depth of Hypocenter

less than 100 km. more than 100 km.

5.0 - 6.4Low possibility to generate Tsunami

Advisory

Low possibility to generate Tsunami

Advisory

6.5 - 6.9Possibility to generate

TsunamiAlert / Watching

Low possibility to generate Tsunami

Advisory

7.0 - 7.7High possibility to generate TsunamiAlert / Watching

Possibility to generate Tsunami

Alert / Watching

> 7.8 Very high possibility to

generate TsunamiWarning

High possibility to generate TsunamiAlert / Watching

Source : National Disaster Warning Center

Weather

RADAR

Network

in

Thailand

Weather RADAR Network

So far, TMD has got 23 weather RADAR stations located in :

21 districts & provinces : Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phitsanulok, Sakhon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Khao Khiew, Rayong, Bang Na, Hua Hin, Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Trang, Sathingphra, Hat Yai, Narathiwas

2 int’l airports in BKK : Don Muang Airport Suwannabhummi Airport

TMD has got 2 portable RADARs & a mobile RADAR too.

Khao Khiew (Nakhon Nayok)

Chiang MaiChiang Rai

Mae Hong Son

Khon Kaen

Surin

Hua Hin

Surat Thani

Don Muang Airport (BKK)Suwannabhummi Airport (BKK)

Sakhon Nakhon

Rayong

Chumphon

Phuket

Phitsanulok

Ubon Ratchathani

Sathingphra (Songkhla)Hat Yai (Songkhla)

Krabi

Ranong

TMD (Bang Na, BKK)

NarathiwasTrang RADAR before 2006

RADAR since 2006

Phetchaboon

(2007)

Weather RADAR Network

>> 18 out of 23 weather RADAR stations are included in TMD’s RADAR network.

>> The RADAR at each station is either C-band or S-band, of which working radius is 240 km.

>> 5 out of 23 weather RADARs stations are x-band RADARs which are manually operated for aviation purpose.

Weather RADAR Network

18 weather RADAR stations included in TMD’s RADAR network are located in :

16 districts & provinces : Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok, Sakhon Nakhon, Khon Kaen, Ubon Ratchathani, Surin, Rayong, Hua Hin, Chumphon, Surat Thani, Phuket, Krabi, Sathingphra, Hat Yai, Narathiwas, Khao Khiew

2 int’l airports in BKK : Don Muang Airport Suwannabhummi Airport

Khao Khiew (Nakhon Nayok)

Chiang MaiChiang Rai

Mae Hong Son

Khon Kaen

Surin

Hua Hin

Surat Thani

Don Muang Airport (BKK)Suwannabhummi Airport (BKK)

Sakhon Nakhon

Rayong

Chumphon

Phuket

Phitsanulok

Ubon Ratchathani

Sathingphra (Songkhla)

Hat Yai (Songkhla)Krabi

Ranong

TMD (Bang Na, BKK)

NarathiwasTrang C-band RADAR

S-band RADAR

X-band RADAR

Telemetering System

in Thailand

Telemetering System in Thailand

Establishment = since 1999

Purpose = flood forecasting and warning

Coverage = 12 basins out of 25 basins nationwide

Component = 161 observing stations

= 125 rainfall stations

+ 36 hydrometeorological stations

Data transfer = Each station TMD’s Headquarters (BKK) every 15 min

= Mostly by GPRS

= Some by leased line, satellite & radio system

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Pasak Basin

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Rainfall Stations (125)

Water level Station (36)

Rainfall & Water level Stations (161)

Kok Basin

Yom Basin

Nan Basin

Chi Basin

Mun Basin

Prachin Basin

Petburi Basin

Prachuab Basin

Tapi Basin

Songkhla Basin

Thachin Basin

TMD’s Telemetering Stations

TMD has been approved some other budget in the 2007 fiscal year for implementing the following projects :

Telemetering-related Project in 2007 - 2008

+ 2007 : Replacing voluntary rainfall stations in northern Thailand with telemetering stations (110 stations are designed for flood monitoring and warning covering critical flood risk areas.)

+ 2008 : Replacing volunteer rainfall stations over Thailand with telemetering stations (820 stations are currently designed to cover the whole country.)

Future plan for improving Future plan for improving The NWP activity in Thailand (2008-2010)The NWP activity in Thailand (2008-2010)

Hardware: Very High Performance ComputerHardware: Very High Performance Computer

Models and data assimilation:

-Forecast models (Non-hydrostatic and Hydrostatic)Forecast models (Non-hydrostatic and Hydrostatic)-Global Model: resolution 30-Global Model: resolution 30 km or betterkm or better

-Southeast Asia Model: resolution 10 km or better-Southeast Asia Model: resolution 10 km or better

-Thailand Model: resolution 3 km or better-Thailand Model: resolution 3 km or better

-Local Model: resolution 1 km or better-Local Model: resolution 1 km or better

-Climate Model: resolution 50 km or better with at least 8 Ensemble-Climate Model: resolution 50 km or better with at least 8 Ensemble ss

used for long range weather forecastused for long range weather forecast

-Climate Model: resolution 100 km or better with at least 8 Ensembles -Climate Model: resolution 100 km or better with at least 8 Ensembles used for climate change prediction used for climate change prediction

-Data assimilationData assimilation-4 dimensional variation assimilation (4D-Var) -4 dimensional variation assimilation (4D-Var)

THANK YOU