By Dejonee Burnett

A4

The Russian Revolution of 1905

Mass political and social unrest Strikes Peasant unrest Military mutinies Establishment of limited

constitutional monarchy/ State Duma 1906:Russian Constitution

Background of the Russian Revolution 1905

R.R contained a series of eventsBloody Sunday= set it offThe events afterward altered Russia permanentlyNicholas II= Czar of the timeEvents altered Nicholas’ relationship with the citizens

The Startup of the R.R 1905

January 22, 1905Peaceful protest of St Petersburg citizensLed by Russian Orthodox priestIncluded 150,000 peopleTook place in front of Winter PalaceWanted Czar to improve their living standards

Bloody Sunday

Hundreds killed by Nicholas II’s troopsHeld a petition to state their needsStated; -Czar =no longer in grace of people

What Happened?!

Strikes broke out across Russia-Included 400,000 peoplePeasants attacked homes of landlordsGrand Duke Sergei= Czar’s uncle; assassinated

The After-Math

Demands became politicalCitizens of St Petersburg demanded an elected parliament (Duma)Finns/Poles demanded right to national independence

Summer-Time Demands

Took place in MoscowIt quickly spread to other citiesWas a strike demanding change including;

- students, factory workers, revolutionaries, doctors and teachers26th: St Petersburg Soviet of Workers'

Deputies= formed. 30th: Nicholas issued October Manifesto

The October General Strike

Promise civil/political liberties which included;

personal immunity

Freedom of speech/religion

Freedom of assembly/association

No laws introduced w/o agreement of Duma.

Was a precursor to first Russian Constitution

October Manifesto

Important Names of the RR of 1905

Social democratic leader: sided with Bolsheviks

Bolsheviks: people who sided with Vladimir Lenin

Sent to Siberia after his arrest (1897)Returned to Russia during the

RevolutionElected chairman of the St. Petersburg

SovietArrested in Dec. 1905: denouncement Nicholas’ planno law be passed without state duma

Leon Trotsky

Originally close colleague with Vladimir Leninexiled to Turkhansk Siberia (Arctic):founding

group

Part of the Social Democratic Labour Party Developed the BolsheviksArrested/exiled for the founding of groupExiled to the warm ‘Siberian Italy’Lead small party of professional

revolutionaries

Julius Martov and Vladimir Lenin

Advised Nicholas II to issue October Manifesto

Czar’s new chief minister June: negotiated end to Russo-

Japanese war

Sergi Witte

Played a leading role in the RevolutionActive in the sovietsEstablishing group of the St Petersburg

SovietUnder the leadership of MartovLarge party of activists with broad

representation

Mensheviks

Feb. 8 1904-Sept. 5 1905 “Great War of the 20th Century”Russians sought a warm water portJapan declared war: gain dominance in

KoreaJapanese victory over the Russians34,000 killed and 52,623 died of wounds9,300 – 18,830 died of disease, 146,032

wounded

Russo-Japanese War

The Russian Revolution of 1917

The first Major event of the 1917 RevolutionCulmination of century+ of civil/military

unrestFeb 23rd

International Women's Day Festival (St Petersburg)

-women workers left factories : protested food shortages

Czar: deposed/ replaced by a provisional government

The February Revolution 1917

Theory of property (believed by many peasants)“Land should belong to those who work

it”Workers:worked 10 hour days/week before 1916By 1916 it changed to 11-12 hours/day At constant risk of death/injury

-(poor safety/ sanitary conditions) Everyone worked 6 days a week Inadequate wages (worsened due to the

war)

Economic/ Social Changes

The war broke out in August 1914Began to initially quiet the political protestsTook place in the situation of heavy military

setbacksMutinies began to occur

-fraternizing with the enemy started to develop

By Oct. 1916, Russia lost 5,000,000 soldiersSoldiers went hungry/ lacked shoes and weaponsMid- 1915:soldiers sent to front bearing no arms

Russia in WWI

Demand for production of war supplies-Factory workers caused more labor riots/strikes

Skilled workers; replaced with unskilled peasants

-Famine hit: poor railway system-workers abandoned the cities to look for food

Soldiers lacked equipment/protection from elements

-soldiers began to turn again the Czar

WWI’s Impact on Russia

Russia’s first battle of the war30,000 Russian troops killed or

wounded90,000 troops capturedGermany had only 20,000 casualtiesAutumn 1915: Nicholas took complete

control of troopsLeaving wife Alexandra in charge of

government

Battle of Tannenburg

Focused on what is now St Petersburg Members of Imperial Parliament

(Duma) controlled country Therefore created the Russian

Provisional Government March 7: workers at Putilov announced a

strike

March 1917

Provisional government : replaced by Bolshevik (communist) government

Led by Vladimir Lenin Bolsheviks overthrew Provisional

Government in St Petersburg Based on Lenin’s writing on Karl

Marx’s ideas Began spread of 20th century

communism

October 1917

Economy was breaking down because of warFood Shortages and rising pricesInflation caused incomes to decrease Shortages made it difficult to buy

affordable itemsNicholas was blamed for all of the crisesNovember 1916: State Duma issued a warning to Nicholas

By the End of 1917

Nicholas ignored the warnings given July 16th 1918 at 1:30 a.m. Nicholas, Alexandra, their children/

physician and several servants were taken to the basement and killed

Order came from Vladimir Lenin/ Yakov Sverdlov in Moscow

Death of the Imperial Family

Nicholas’ unrightfully handling of his country/ War destroyed the Czars and cost him both his rule and his life

In the End….

http://www.st-petersburg-life.com/st-petersburg/1917-russian-revolutionwww.historylearningsite.co.uk/1905_russian_revolution.htm www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUS1905.htm http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSwitte.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSmartov.htmrussiapedia.rt.com

Works Cited