By; Aarynn M, Lauren Br, and Becky D

THE URINARY SYSTEM

Functions• To remove certain salts and nitrogenous wastes• Maintain normal concentrations of water and electrolytes• Regulation of pH• The volume of bodily fluids• Along control of red blood cell production and blood pressure management

Organs in the urinary system• Kidneys• Tubular ureters • The urinary bladder • Tubular urethra

The kidneys • Structure • Laterally convex

• Medially concave

• Hilum- ureter passes through

• Renal pelvis- at the superior end of ureter

• Pelvis divides twice • 1. major calyces• 2. minor calyes

Kidney function• Help maintain homeostasis• Balance ph• Secrete hormones (aka renin & erythropoietin)

Renal blood vessels

aka•Renal artery hilum interlobar arteries arcuate arteries interlobar arteries afferent arterioles renal vein inferior vena cava

nephrons• Contain renal corpuscles and renal tubules• Corpuscle is made of glomerulus• Glomerular capsules surround glomerulus and receives fluid from glomerulus filters • proximal convoluted tubule becomes descending limb of nephron loop which in turn becomes ascending limb of nephron loop and turns into the distal convoluted tubule.

Urine • Glomar filtration- plasma being filtered to create urine• Nephrons have two capillary networks• 1.filters fluid• 2.tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

• Reabsorption moves fluid back into the blood • Secretion moves substances from peritubular capillary into the renal tubular. •Waste and excess products leave the body• These wastes = urine

Urine (2)• Urine is roughly 95% water• Composed of water and waste the kidneys must eliminate• The other 5% of urine is usually urea and uric acid • Urea- the byproduct of amino acid catabolism (is reabsorbed

by filtration)• Uric acid- product of metabolizing nucleic acids (requires

active transport

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCQ-5iwTQvM

Urine excretion • Made with in nephrons• Passes through renal palpitate • Goes to renal pelvis then ureters and urinary bladder• Exists the body through the urethra

Diseases • Chronic Kidney Disease• Causes • Diabetes

• High Blood Pressure

• Treatments

• Medicines to lower blood pressure

• Control blood glucose

• Dialysis

• Kidney Transplantation

Diseases • Polycystic Kidney Disease • Autosomal dominant PKD • Starts at the ages of 30-40

• Autosomal recessive PKD• Begins in the womb or months

following birth

• Causes • Genetic Disorder

• Symptoms• Enlarged kidneys

• Headaches, urincary tract infections, blood in urine , pain in the back and lower sides

• Treatments • There is no treatment for PKD

Work cited • http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/The_Urinary_System• http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/practical-2/deck/6343870• http://anatomyforme.blogspot.com/2008/05/pathways-of-fluid-flow-through-kidney.html• http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Urinary/Urinary_System_Nephron_Diagram.php