by 1789, the population of america was still growing--doubling every 25 years some major cities were...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 10AP US HISTORY
EARLY AMERICABy 1789, the population of America was still growing--doubling every 25 yearsSome major cities were beginning to develop
90 percent of Americans still live in rural areasMost Americans still live in the original 13 states
New States?Kentuc
kyVermont
17911792
Tennessee Ohio
GEORGE WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCYGeorge Washington was the first American President
Only President to be unanimously elected by the Electoral College in 1789
Mount VernonMount Vernon home of George Washington
Washington inaugurated in March in New York City (temporary capital of US)
WASHINGTON’S CABINETThomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Henry Knox
Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of War
Cabinet is not mentioned in the US Constitution…part of the “unwritten constitution”
Washington set many precedents or examples in his Presidency
Bill of RightsAnti-Federalists had been promised a Bill of Rights if they supported the Constitution
Bill of Rights adopted in 1791
Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
James Madison is the writer of the Bill of Rights
What are the Bill of Rights?
JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789
1. Organized the Supreme Court
2. Created 6 total justice positions
3. Created position of Chief Justice
4. Created Attorney General
5. Authorized other federal courts
John Jay
John Jay was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Alexander Hamilton
Alexander Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington’s AdministrationWas responsible for reviving the American economyHis plan focused on tying the wealthy to the success of the US government
Hamilton’s Plan1. Bank of the United States--created in
1791 in Philadelphia2. Excise Tax--whiskey3. Funding at Par--government to pay debts
at face value plus interest4. Assumption of State debts--tied states to
the federal government5. Tariff on imported goods
BE FAT
Washington DCLocation of national capital Agreed in a compromise by Hamilton and Jefferson over state debts--located in South
Strict Construction Loose ConstructionBelieve that the Constitution is inflexible and says what it means
Biggest supporter is Thomas Jefferson
Believe that the Constitution is flexible
Use the “Necessary and Proper” clause or Elastic Clause for their beliefs
Biggest supporter is Alexander Hamilton
WHISKEY REBELLIONInvolved the Whiskey Tax under Hamilton’s financial program
Occurred in 1794
Showed the new strength of the United States government
POLITICAL PARTIESFederalists
Leader of Federalists Party was Alexander Hamilton
Democratic RepublicansLeader of Democratic Republicans was Thomas Jefferson
French Revolution totally separated Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Federalists support the British Democratic Republicans support French
French Revolution eventually drew young America into its tangled webWhat was America to do….who should it side with?
FRENCH REVOLUTIONWashington believed America had to avoid war at all costsWashington issued the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
Citizen Genet French diplomat who attempted to go around Washington’s neutrality
British ignored American neutralityPracticed impressments on American sailors
Jay’s Treaty
Pinckney’s TreatyTreaty with England in 1794
John Jay sent to England to make a treaty with British to keep us out of war over impressments of US sailors
Terms included:1. British promise to
leave American territories
2. British will pay for damages to ships, but won’t promise it won’t happen again
3. US agrees to pay off pre-Revolution war debts to British
Treaty with Spain in 1795
Terms included:1. Navigation of
the Miss. River2. Right of deposit
in New Orleans3. Disputed North
Florida territory to US
NOT POPULAR
POPULAR
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL ADDRESS
Washington set many precedents including 2 terms for a President
Washington’s Farewell Address warned of two things:
1. Political Parties formation2. Permanent entangling alliances with
foreign powers
ELECTION OF 1796John Adams
Federalist
T. Jefferson
Democratic Republican
Adams defeated Jefferson in the Electoral College 71-68
Jefferson as runner up was the Vice President
Problem fixed with the 12th amendment
XYZ AFFAIROccurred in 1797French warships had seized about 300 US vesselsPresident Adams sent delegation to Paris to try and avoid warUS delegates approached by 3 French agents (X, Y, and Z)French demanded bribe of $250,000
to talk to Talleyrand (French Foreign Minister) and a loan of $32,000,000
“Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute”
Negotiations broke down and war hysteria swept USResulted in naval war (Quasi-War) with France for 2 ½ years
CONVENTION OF 1800President John Adams put the nation above his own
political future
Known as “Adam’s Finest Hour”
French eager to avoid major war and agree to end the 22 year old Franco-American alliance with US
Major war avoided with France
Not popular among Federalists
Alien Act Sedition Act1. Raised residence
requirement for citizenship to 14 years
2. Said President could deport “dangerous “ foreigners
Said anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely criticized its officials would face heavy fines and imprisonmentPurpose?
Purpose was to reduce the power of Jeffersonians and silence anti-war opposition
Jefferson and Madison will write the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions in
protest
James Madison T. Jefferson
Ky. ResolutionsVa. Resolutions
Written to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts
Stated that states had the right to determine the constitutionality of a law (states rights)
Compact Theory--belief that the 13 states were sovereign and had created the federal government and entered into a compact
Same ideas will be used in Civil War by Southern leaders