bwoodrow protein synthesis flip book
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Protein Synthesis
By: Brayden Woodrow
Transcription
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
3’ 5’
5’3’
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
RNA Polymerase
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
A
U
G
mRNA strand
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
A
GU
U
GC
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
A
GU
U
GC
U
U
A
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
A
GU
U
GC
U
U
A
CUAUA
A
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
A
GU
U
GC
U
U
A
CUAUA
A
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
T A C T C G A A T G A T A T T
A T G A G C T T A C T A T A A
Translation
A
GU
U
GC
U
U
A
CUAUA
A
mRNA
Nuclear Pore
A A U
Start Codon
A U C
Codon
A U U
Codon
C G U
Codon
A U G
Stop Codon
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
Large Subunit
Small Subunit
Ribosome
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U U A
Amino Acid
Anti-codon
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U U A
U A G
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U A G
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U A G
U A A
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U A A
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U A A
G C A
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U A A G C A
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
G C A
U A C
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
G C A U A C
STOP
A A U A U C A U U C G U A U G
U A C
Polypeptide Chain
The polypeptide bond folds up into the final structure, the tertiary structure.
Transcription
The first process that takes place during protein synthesis is transcription. It takes place in the nucleus of a cell. During transcription, RNA Polymerase enters the DNA strand at the beginning of the strand. As it travels down the strand, the polymerase creates an mRNA strand. This strand contains complementary bases to the ones currently on the DNA strand. Once finished, the RNA polymerase leaves, and the mRNA strand exits the nucleus through a nucleus pore.
Translation The next process to occur is transcription. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm. A ribosome enters the single strand at the beginning called the promoter region. However, the strand is split into codons. The beginning three bases are called start codons. They mark where the will attach and begin to synthesize. These start codons are followed by a number of regular codons. At the end of those codons is a stop codon. A stop codon alerts the ribosome of the ending of the strand. Next, a ribosome, which is divided into a larger subunit and a smaller subunit, reads the base sequence of the start codon, then synthesizes a tRNA molecule that carries an amino acid and anti-codon along with it. The ribosome continues along the strand as the first tRNA molecule breaks off, leaving its amino acid behind. That amino acid forms a peptide bond with the second tRNA molecule’s amino acid. This process continues until the tRNA molecule reaches the stop codon. At that point, the amino acid chains break off and the ribosome falls from the strand. The peptide bonds create a polypeptide chain, which then forms into the final structure, known as the tertiary structure.