business models for interoperability
TRANSCRIPT
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Your systems. Working as one. Your systems. Working as one.
Business Models for Interoperability
Practical efficiency for large system software development
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Who Cares About OA?
© 2012 RTI 2
Everyone here!
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Why Interoperable Open Architecture?
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 4
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RTI Experience: Real-‐Time Infrastructure
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RTI Background
Market Leader Over 70% DDS mw market share1 Largest embedded middleware vendor2
Standards Leader Active in 15 standards efforts OMG Board of Directors DDS authors
Real-‐Time Pedigree Founded by Stanford researchers High-‐performance control, tools history
Maturity Leader 500+ designs 350,000+ licensed copies TRL 9
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc.
1Embedded Market Forecasters 2VDC Analyst Report
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2008
Global Support and Distribution
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RTI Connext
RTI DataBus
Connext Micro
Pub/Sub API (DDS subset)
Small Device Apps
Connext DDS
Pub/Sub API (Full DDS)
DDS Apps
Connext Messaging
Messaging API (DDS++ & JMS)
General-‐Purpose Real-‐Time Apps
Connext Integrator
Adapters
Diverse Apps/Systems
Administration
Monitoring
Recording
Replay
Persistence
Logging
Visualization
Common Tools and Infrastructure Services
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Interoperability Challenge
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 9 9
GVA DEF STAN 23-‐09
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Interoperability
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 11
Interoperability
Busin
ess M
odels
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Interoperability
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Interoperability
Busin
ess M
odels
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Data Centric Approach
Data-‐centric middleware maintains state Infrastructure manages the content Developers write applications that read and update a virtual global data space
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc.
Persistence Service
Recording Service
Source (Key) Power Phase
WPT1 37.4 122.0 -12.20
WPT2 10.7 74.0 -12.23
WPTN 50.2 150.07 -11.98
Popular standards: DDS API, wire spec 13
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Controlled State
Data centric Single source of truth Known structure Clear rules for access, changes, updates
Technologies Database Data-‐centric middleware
11/8/2012 14
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DDS: the Data Bus Standard
Data Distribution Service from OMG
standards org 470+ members UML, DDS, SysML, MoDAF, DoDAF, more
DDS: open & cross-‐vendor Standard API enables choice of middleware Standard wire spec enables subsystem physical interoperability ~10 competitive implementations (!)
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc.
Cross-‐vendor source portability
Cross-‐vendor interoperability
DDS-‐RTPS Protocol Real-‐Time Publish-‐Subscribe
Distribution Fabric
DDS API
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Government Adopts DDS
Dominant in military DISA: DISR mandated Navy: Open Architecture, FORCEnet Air Force, Navy and DISA: NESI Army, OSD: UCS NATO, UK MOD, South Korea, many more
Many other applications Air traffic control, industrial automation, transportation, medical
Hundreds of active programs Multiple interoperable implementations
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Interoperability between the applications demonstrated by six different vendors in 2012
OCI ETRI PrismTech IBM RTI TwinOaks
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc.
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Is This Interoperability?
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 18
Semantic
Syntactic
Technical
Technical Communications (how to share data) Syntactic Interfaces (what data to share) Semantic data dictionary (what data means)
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What are we Trying to Achieve?
© 2012 RTI 19
Open Architecture Requires Interoperability at a Higher Level Than Key Interfaces.
Interchangeability
Integrateability
Extensibility
Interoperability: all of the above without rewriting everything
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Interoperability
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 20
Interoperability
Busin
ess M
odels
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Architecture Efforts
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 21
AF Avionics
Navy CCRL
Army COE
OSD UCS
GVA DEF STAN 23-‐09
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Interoperability
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 23
Interoperability
Busin
ess M
odels
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Open Business Models for Infrastructure Vendors
Enabling the basis for interoperability
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The Great OSS Biz Model Quest
Pay only for support & services A poor biz model
Worked for Linux Community development challenge
Hidden adoption expense
Freemium (Dual licensing)
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What Do Users W
No license cost Can modify and distribute modifications Community development Community forum Use for any application Access (right) to source code Freely downloadable
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Highly Distributed Real-‐Time Systems
Many applications, processors 100+ processors in a car 1,000+ processors on a ship 100k+ processors in an industrial system 40M+ lines of code
Many people & teams Crosses divisions, companies, orgs Includes end users, suppliers, subs 50+ s/w suppliers for a modern naval ship
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What Is an Infrastructure Community?
Any community sharing software Seeking a common or interoperable software infrastructure Across projects, divisions, companies, programs
Examples Software supply chains Enterprises or corporate divisions Government or industry standards communities (FACE, UCS, COE, ICE) Large projects
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Infrastructure Communities
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc.
IC: JHU APL
Paid commercial license
Scope: Project
Free Project
Free Project
Free Project Paid commercial
license Scope: Project
Paid commercial license
Scope: Project
IC: UCS
Paid commercial license
Scope: Project
Free Project
Free Project
Free Project Paid commercial
license Scope: Project
Paid commercial license
Scope: Project
IC: Audi
Paid commercial license
Scope: Project
Free Project
Free Project
Free Project Paid commercial
license Scope: Project
Paid commercial license
Scope: Project
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OCS Model Summary
Free, full source & binary DDS for IC No cost, no hassle, no strings Latest version Share source & binaries Professional T&M support
Low-‐cost commercial product for projects Tools, advanced functionality, warranty, platforms Simple, open, per-‐developer pricing Starts at £800/developer No royalties or deployment fees
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I Open Source!
restricted to an IC
Within your IC: very open Outside your IC: why do you care?
It maps well to the enduring infrastructure problem
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Many Biz Model Needs
Professional resources Support all versions (free, paid) Offer professional guidance, services
No legal strings Offer warranty and indemnification Control provenance No copyleft; keep your IP
Drive quality & usability Enforce quality control Push usability, docs, examples
Ensure vendor partnership Proactively develop to match needs Encourage latest technology, no branches Motivate features, usability, quality, accessibility Ensure vendor profitability
Open, fair pricing Offer usable free product Predictably & reasonably price advanced product Bound support costs Eliminate runtimes
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Let you adopt without friction Support healthy vendor with known cost Encourage speculative vendor investment Retain your IP control Drive efficiency and low cost
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Open Community Source Balance
Open Community Source Free, viral adoption
Support available
Low friction upgrade Advanced functionality, tools, platforms, warranty Clear, reasonable fees without surprise
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IC model benefits Provides you freedom Encourages vendor investment Lowers overall cost
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Open Community Source Model
Addresses real needs of customers Free, current, supported base product Powerful, low-‐friction upgrade Clean, open licensing Clean, open pricing
Addresses real needs of vendor Encourages investment in product Supports strong relationship
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Business Models for Government Acquisition
Achieving the promise of interoperability
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The sole imperative to control software cost is to establish a stable team working on a single code base
-‐-‐ Stan Schneider
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Implications (!)
Stable teams imply continuous investment
Code repositories are expensive branches Even more expensive to revive
The IP without the team is inefficient
At least for emerging products, there is no stable external team
The best structure for large projects is team/code pairs Modularize by reducing team/code size => define interfaces and architecture
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Repository Competition Process
Competition divorces team from code -‐learn, re-‐design, re-‐ -‐code
Result is very expensive!
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Creation
Team Code Base
Team Team Team
Code Base
Competition
Team
Code Base
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Code-‐Team Competition Process
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Code Base
Team
Create and Maintain Multiple Code-‐Team Pairs
for Each Module
Code Base
Team
Code Base
Team Compete these Pairs for Each Module of Each Project
Code Base
Team
Build Project from Modules
Team Code Base
Code Base
Team
Team
Code Base
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© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc.
How? Interoperability.
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How Does Interoperability Cut Cost?
Interoperability changes the nature of competition Modules are less expensive than code repositories
rewards excellence
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Achieving Cost Control
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 43
Address interoperability levels with architecture Communications (how to share data) Interfaces (what data to share) Semantic data dictionary (what data means)
Reward module competition with acquisition policy
Look for opportunities to compete modules Encourage buy v build Reduce module granularity over time
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The Required Technology is Maturing
© 2012 Real-‐Time Innovations, Inc. 44
RTI Databus Peer-‐to-‐peer for performance
System-‐of-‐systems routing RTI Databus
R
RTI Databus
R
R R
R R
R R
Hierarchical topology: Peer-‐to-‐peer within a system Automatically route data up/down the hierarchy
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st Enduring organizations to evolve it Structures across programs to leverage it Open acquisition model to encourage it
Specify or own the right things Open semantic data model Open standard interfaces Code repositories only when forced
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Why Invest in Interoperability?
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Your systems. Working as one. Your systems. Working as one.