business intelligence and smes

8/10/2019 Business Intelligence and SMEs

1/112

A^n E] Messdrtkteob

Kb dvkùkteob oh tgd eapknt oh Iusebdss

ebtd`èldbnd ob ÂDs

ûiaettdm Iy6

AM Eatekz Tmmou``k

33=9AÔ3!3"

ûpdrvesor6

MY. Beld` Jdraomd

ûiaesseob Mktd6 ;t!^dptdaidr "#;#

$bevdrsety o% &kst 'obmob

Mdpkrtadbt o% Eb%orakteob ]dn!boòly

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ;


2/112

/istrknt

Iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd 3IE es kb eaportkbt kppènkteob %or rdsdkrn! kbm

mdvdòpadbt eb Eb%orakteob ^ystdas 3E^. 9d nkb td`` !o> sunndss%u` k iusebdss

es %roa oisdrvebl !o> sunndss%u``y strktdlen iusebdss mdneseobs krd akmd.

Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd 3IE es k sdt o% too`s akeb`y usdm %or iusebdss mdneseob

ak=ebl iy akbkldrs. Et es k iusebdss kppènkteob to kbk`y(d iusebdss proi`das

iy ldbdrktebl rdports t!kt sdrvd to !d`p ak=d strktdlen mdneseobs. / typenk`

Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd krn!etdnturd ebvo`vds k Mktk 9krd!ousd 3M94 so%t>krd %or

&8trkntebl ]rkbs%oraebl kbm 'okmebl 3&]' o% mktk4 +bèbd ]rkbsknteob rondssebl

3+'] ks >d`` ks kbk`ytenk` too`s sun! ks +bèbd /bk`ytenk` rondssebl 3+'/. Et

es k noaiebkteob o% iusebdss kbk`yses kbm krte`dmld iksdm

eb%orakteob nkb td`` >!y et es bddmdm kbm >!db s!ou`m id propdr tead to tk=d

knteob. IE nkb prondss `krld voùads o% mktk >!en! aky noad %roa me7drdbt

sournds kbm ebtdlrktd t!da ebto kb k`` roubm 5:#o0 ved>.

]!es stumy d8kaebds t!d sdakbten %rkad>or= kbm akturety `dvd` o% Iusebdss

Ebtd`èldbnd %or Â&s. Akeb`y t!d stumy tryebl to s kbm 1udsteobbkerds >!en! E ka

%o`ò>ebl t!d 2AAE aomd`4 iy adkb o% t!d akturety `dvd` kbk`yses o% Iusebdss

Ebtd`èldbnd o% Â&s kbm %kntor kbk`yses t!kt nkb rdmund t!d nobtrovdrsy t!kt IE

nkb tk=d t!d km)!on kbm no``kiorktevd mdneseob support n!k``dbld kbm nkb

support k sdakbten %rkad>or= o% IE %or Â&s.

?ebk``y stumy ldts k idst or= %or iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd kbm t!kt

aomd`Cs %kntors k`so !kvd kb ebKudbnd ob iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd prondss. ]!d1udsteobbkerds >!en! iksdm ob t!d 2AAE nkpkieèty kbm akturety prondss4 >d

tdstdm t!d IE prondss mobd soad stktestenk` kbk`yses kbm ldt t!d akturety `dvd` o%

IE ob Â&s t!kt es 1ukbtetktevd `dvd`. /t `kst t!d stumy es rdnoaadbmdm soad

%urt!dr rdsdkrn! kbm èaetkteob.

#d$%o&ms' Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd4 ^dakbten aomd` o% IE4 sak`` kbm aem se(d

dbtdrpresd4 nkpkieèty aomd`4 akturety aomd`4 iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd prondss kbm

adksurdadbt.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld "


3/112

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld


4/112

/n=bo>`dmldadbt

E >ou`m è=d to levd lrktd%u`bdss to k`` t!osd pdop`d !d`p ad to noap`dtd t!es

t!dses.

E ka mddp`y lrktd%u` to ay supdrvesor Mr. Beld` Jdraomd %roa ^n!oo` o%

]dn!boòly kbm Akbkldadbt. es !d`p4 selberetd

t!d t!dses. E ka k`so t!kb=%u` to stumy no``dklud >!o k`>kys akmd vdry usd%u`

noaadbts >!en! !d`pdm ad retebl kbm k`so

t!kb=%u` to ay >or=ebl p`knd no``dklud AY. Y 'dve4 ?dènek kbm YkNeb k`so

dbnourkld ad ob ay rdsdkrn!.

E spdnek``y >kbt to levd t!kb=s to ay %kae`y akeb`y ay nouseb irot!dr Ar. ^!o!d`

Ykbk

Ay orm lods to kàel!ty om.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *


5/112

'est o% kiirdvekteob

IE Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd

IE^ Iusebdss Ebtd` eldbnd ^$stda

(AAE(kpk)eèt$ Aktu&et$ Aomd` Ebtdl&kteob

(*A (ustoad& *d`kteobsgep Akbkldadbt

MA Mktk Aebebl

M^^ Mdneseob uppo&t s$stda

M+ Mktk +k&dgousd

D, D-t&knteob &kbsho&a ,okm

D*. Dbtd&p&esd *dsou&nds .`kbbebl

#.E #d$ .d&ho&akbnd Ebmenkto&

O,K. Obèbd Kbk`$tenk` .&ondssebl

O,. Obèbd &kbsknteob .&ondssebl

*OE *dtu&b ob Ebvdstadbt

^(A ûpp`$ (gkeb Akbkldadbt

ÂDs âk`` kbm Admeua Dbtd&p&esds

(O otk` (ost O%bd&sgep

]ki`d o% nobtdbt

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld D


6/112

2obtdbts

/istrknt "

/n=bo>`dmldadbt

'est o% kiirdvekteob *

]ki`d o% nobtdbt D

]ki`d o% tki`ds ,

]ki`d o% ";

Ebtromunteob......................................................................................................";

9!kt es IEH........................................................................................................""

IE estory.......................................................................................................... "D

IE Ae`dstobds................................................................................................. ":

IE ]oo`s............................................................................................................. "

IE /pp`enkteobs..................................................................................................#

IE %or ?ebkbnek` 2oapkbeds...............................................................................IE Aomd`s..........................................................................................................*

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld :


7/112

IE adksurdadbt kbm akturety aomd`...............................................................*

Adksurdadbt o% IE........................................................................................*

dr%orakbnd o% IE prondss.............................................................................*

Akturety aomd`................................................................................................. *-

2AAE rondss krdks.......................................................................................D;

2obnùseob........................................................................................................ D*

2!kptdr Ydsdkrn! adt!om DD

Ebtromunteob......................................................................................................DD

Ydsdkrn! p!eòsop!y.........................................................................................D:

Ydsdkrn! kpprokn!........................................................................................... D:

Lukètktevd G^ Lukbtetktevd...........................................................................D

Mdmuntevd G^ Ebmuntevd................................................................................. D

^trktdly o% rdsdkrn!.........................................................................................:#

]ypd o% Ydsdkrn! ieks ob purposd....................................................................:#

Ydsdkrn! Mdselb............................................................................................... :;

Gkreki`ds o% Ydsdkrn!.......................................................................................:"

Adt!oms kbm rdsournds o% mktk no``dnteob........................................................:

^tktestenk` popu`kteob o% rdsdkrn!.....................................................................:*

Adt!oms o% skapèbl........................................................................................::

Ydsdkrn! prondss..............................................................................................:

2!kptdr * Mktk /bk`yses "

Ebtromunteob......................................................................................................"

Mdsnreptevd ^tktestens........................................................................................

YdspobmdrCs 2!krkntdrestens..........................................................................

+pdrkteobk` adksurds o% Gkreki`ds................................................................

Mdselbebl kbm mdvdòpebl 1udsteobbkerds........................................................,

Gkèmety kbm rdèkieèty o% Adksurdadbt too`s....................................................,

Ydèkieèty Adksurdadbt too`.........................................................................,

Gkèmety Adksurdadbt too`.............................................................................-



8/112

Gdre


9/112

]ki`d o% tki`ds

]ki`d ".;6 Iusebdss Ebtd``eldbnd kpp`enkteob eb


10/112

]ki`d o% ............................................................................ D

?elurd ".:6 ]!d noap`dtd dbtdrpresd IE prondss .................................................:

?elurd ".6 ]!d akeb noapobdbts o% IE systda .................................................

?elurd ".,6 ]rkmeteobk` krn!etdnturd o% IE..............................................................,

?elurd ".-6]!d IE nyn`d ........................................................................................,

?elurd ".;#6 ]!d ro`d o% IE systda eb mdneseob ak=ebl.........................................-

?elurd ".;;6 ]!d IE vkùd n!keb ...........................................................................*#

?elurd ".;"6 IE prondss 2yn`d ..............................................................................*#

?elurd ".;6]!d Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd 'oop ........................................................*;

?elurd ".;*6 ]!d 'dvd`s o% Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd..................................................*"

?elurd ".;D6 ]!d IE !ksd ................................................................................... *

?elurd ".;:6 Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd &btety krn!etdnturd ........................................**

?elurd ".; Ydk`)]ead IE /rn!etdnturd ...............................................................*D

?elurd ".;,6 ]!d iksen prondss o% mdvdòpebl IE eb k proNdnt...............................*:

?elurd ".;-6 ]!d me7drdbt >ky to adksurd t!d IE sunndss %kntor o% IE prondss. . .*,

?elurd "."#6 ]!d akeb 2oapobdbts o% 2AAE ......................................................D#

?elurd ".";6]!d Akturety o% IE .............................................................................D;

?elurd ".""6 ]!d ]M9ECs IE Akturety Aomd` .........................................................D"

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ;#


11/112

?elurd "."6 ]!d krtbdrCs IE akturety aomd` ....................................................D

?elurd "."*6]!d 'olenkCs 2kpkieètyF Akturety Aomd` ...........................................D*

?elurd .;6 ]!d stdps o% mdmuntevd /pprokn! ......................................................D-

?elurd ."6 ]!d ]ypds o% Ydsdkrn! Mdselb ...........................................................:"

?elurd .6 !ksd # ?ò> n!krt.............................................................................:

?elurd .*6 !ksd ; ?ò> n!krt.............................................................................:,

?elurd .D6 !ksd " ?ò> n!krt.............................................................................:-

?elurd .:6 !ksd ?ò> n!krt.............................................................................#

?elurd .6 !ksd * ?ò> n!krt.............................................................................;

?elurd *.;6YdspobmdrCs sd8) mdsnreptevd stktestens...............................................

?elurd *."6 YdspobmdrCs kld) mdsnreptevd stktestens..............................................*

?elurd *.6 YdspobmdrCs dmunkteob) mdsnreptevd stktestens....................................D

?elurd *.*6 YdspobmdrCs poseteob) mdsnreptevd stktestens.......................................:

?elurd *.D6 ^nrdd òt...........................................................................................,;

?elurd *.:6 2oapobdbt òt eb Yotktdm ^pknd......................................................,"

?elurd *. ^nkttdr òt......................................................................................... ,D

?elurd *.,6 Ykmkr n!krt %or /n1uerebl mktk...........................................................,,

?elurd *.-6 Ykmkr n!krt %or /bk`y(ebl mktk...........................................................,-

?elurd *.;#6 Ikr n!krt %or Iusebdss ^trktdly.......................................................-#

?elurd *.;;6 +vdrk`` penturd o% IE prondss eb Â&s...............................................-;

?elurd D.;6 Akturety dvd` o% IE %or k`` nobstrunts..................................................-*

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ;;


12/112

(gkptd& / Ebt&omunteob

Eb tges ngkptdr loebl to id mesnuss kiout tgd suifdnt oh rdsdkrng. IE

too`s akeb`y usdm iy tgd akbkldrs so et nou`m id stkrt wetg tgd

akbkldrek` eapkssds k`so tgd proi`da stktdadbt kbm eaportkbnd oh

tgd stumy.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ;"


13/112

Akbkld&ek` eapkssd

?roa t!d idlebbebl to bo> akbkldrs krd >or=ebl eb strktdleds `dvd`4 so dvdry

tead t!dy !kvd to tk=d d7dntevd mdneseob dvdb aost o% t!d tead t!kt es vdry

nretenk`. Bo> ";st ndbtury akbkldrs bddm aord knnurktd eb%orakteob4 t!dy bddm

t!d eb%orakteob eb tead to ak=d kpproprektd mdneseob %or t!der orlkbe(kteob. Iut

t!d d8estebl eb%orakteob bot dboul! ks %kstdr kbm knnurktd è=d IE soùteob. &vdb

soadtead t!d mktk krd stordm eb me7drdbt ònkteobs4 IE systda es t!d seap`d

soùteob %or t!d akbkldrs proi`da. Eb k survdy iy t!d noapkby bkad ]drkmktk

t!dy %oubm aost o% t!d dbtyakb. "##,

&vdry orlkbe(kteob ak=ebl akby mdneseobs pdr mky eb me7drdbt sdnteob iksdm ob

t!der orlkbe(kteob. ]!dsd mdneseobs iksdm ob t!d %knts4 iusebdss ru`ds4 iut aost`y

%roa t!d pkst d8pdredbnds. /bm to tk=d rel!t kbm d7dntevd mdneseob t!kt

d8pdredbnd t!dy bddm et tk=ds ydkrs to lkt!dr. ô aost o% t!d tead t!d mdneseob es

eb t!d mkbldr `dvd` >!en! aky d7dnt ob t!d noapkbyCs ovdrk`` lro>t! kbm

rdvdbud. ô et es dssdbtek` %or k noapkby to tk=d loom mdneseob4 kbm k loom

mdneseob !d`ps orlkbe(kteob to kn!edvd t!der lok`. ]o tk=d k loom mdneseob usdr

!kvd to nobsemdr t!d pkst eb%orakteob iksdm ob t!der bddm kbm IE k`ò> t!da to

turb t!d eb%orakteob ebto =bo>`dmld kbm =bo>`dmld ebto pro!en! provemds

t!d ebvdbtory akbkldadbt4 prd promunteob p`kb4 supp`y n!keb p`kbbebl4

nustoadr rd`kteob kbm sk`ds pepdèbd akbkldadbt. /%tdr t!kt t!dy aovdm to IE to

ldt idttdr pdr%orakbnd adksurdadbt4 idttdr opteak` soùteob o% t!d proi`das

dtn.

IE systda o7drebl to trkbs%ora t!d mktk eb eb%orakteob >!en! k`so mrevdb iy t!d

kbk`ytenk` too`s to ldt =bo>`dmld kbm !d`ps to tk=d nretenk` mdneseob. Aost o% t!d

Â&s akbkldrs krd bot ebtromundm >et! IE kbm soad krd usebl iut bot !kppy

>et! IE soùteob. Ydndbt`y eb obd rdport Idrtgo`m dt k` (93;3)t!dy skem 2urrdbt

Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd 3IE soùteobs %ke` to addt t!d n!k``dblds o% km)!on kbm

no``kiorktevd mdneseob support4 sò>ebl mo>b kbm !urtebl orlkbe(kteobs.C ]!dy



14/112

skem ieks ob %d> %knts è=d eb nurrdbt IE %rkad>or= usdr nkb bot knndss or promund

ebmevemuk` kbk`yses4 usdr !kvd to mdpdbm ob t!d stkbmkrm rdportebl kbm !en! aky promund k

bdlktevd eapknt ob usebl IE kbk`ytenk` too`s. ?roa kbot!dr rdport iy ^d`` dt k`

(9337)krtbdr roup d8pdnts t!d IE akr=dt lro>t! rktd to id ;".D@ eb "##,4

kbm to aovd idyobm ib iy "#;;. o>dvdr4 krtbdr roup :O kbm 2oaputdr

9or`m DO d8pdntdm t!kt iy "##4 D#@ o% IE proNdnts !km k èaetdm knndptkbnd

%roa t!d usdrs or %ke`dm. /aobl t!d nkusds netdm iy t!osd rdsdkrn! ebstetutds4

t!drd es k lkp idt>ddb nurrdbt soùteobs kbm t!d orlkbe(kteobCs kbk`ytenk`

rd1uerdadbts.C

]!drd krd bo nob%useob kiout t!kt IE !ks soad selbe


15/112

Eapo&tkbt oh stum$

Iusebdss akbkldrs krd no``dntebl mktk %or òbl tead. ]!dy mo bot =bo> !o> tousd o% t!kt. ]!dy aky usebl et me7drdbt kppènkteobs iut t!kt bot !d`pebl t!da

propdr`y %or mellebl mo>b to root to tk=d kntuk` knteob. Eb t!es >ky t!drd es bot

suSnedbt !d`p to mdneseob ak=ebl. Et k`so mdpdbms ob t!d kbk`y(ebl po>dr o% t!d

orlkbe(kteob.

]!es es t!d akeb bddm >!en! turbs akbkldrs to usd IE soùteob. Idnkusd IE k`ò>

t!da lo to root kbm


16/112

Yetknno kbm 2krvdr3"#;# t!dy mesnuss kiout t!d iusebdss vkùd o% IE kbm

suaakre(dm t!d idbd!en! krd6 Idnkusd o% t!d >emd kppènkieèty o%

IE eb iot! dbtdrpresd kbm d8trkbdt mdpòyadbts4 t!d iusebdss idbddrdm usdrs nobtebud to >kys to

eap`dadbt IE.C 3eiem

E% stumy lods eb mddp o% idbdo pkrts d8tdrbk` kbm ebtdrbk`. 2ustoadr rd`kteob es obd o%

t!d aost eaportkbt pkrts o% t!d d8tdrbk` knteveteds. Akby orlkbe(kteobs usebl

2YA 32ustoadr Yd`kteobs!ep Akbkldadbt >!en! akeb`y usd %or kbk`y(ebl t!d

nustoadrCs knteveteds. Eb IE nustoadr kbk`yses too`s es d8pkbm o% 2YA kbm provemd

idttdr kbm rdkèsten soùteob >!en! d8pkbm t!d nustoadr vkùd kbm ebnrdksd t!d

rdvdbud o% t!d orlkbe(kteob. 'os!eb 3"##skem me7drdbt kspdnts o% nustoadr

kbk`ytens t!kt idbdet! t!d nustoadrs.C

/ s!ort èst o% soad kntevety kbm idbds6

Ebmevemuk` nustoad& p&o;èbl'

?roa !drd akbkldrs =bo> kiout dkn! nustoadr t!eb=ebl4 id!kveour4 spdbmebl

po>dr >!en! krd !d`p to strktdlen p`kb %or t!da.

k&ldt ak&dtebl p`kbbebl'

Iy !kvebl t!d =bo>`dmld o% nustoadr n!oends akbkldr nkb ak=d k tkrldt

akr=dtebl p`kb %or t!d d8estebl promunt kbm dvdb ebtromunebl promunt.

.d&sobkèzkteob'

Eb d)iusebdss iy usebl t!es poèny akbkldr nkb eaprovd t!d nobtdbt akbkldadbt%or dkn! nustoadr.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ;:


17/112

(o``k)o&ktevd ;`td&'

Iy usebl t!es kys nkb o7dr nustoadr t!d

k`tdrbktevd ieks ob t!der bddm.

(ustoad& skteshknteob'

Jbo>ebl t!d nustoadrCs eb%orakteob et es dksy to !kbm`d nustoadr kbm so`vd t!der

proi`das >!en! ebnrdksebl t!d nustoadr sktes%knteob.

>uakb nkpetk` p&omuntevet$ kbk`$ses

Eb t!es >ky akbkldr nkb adksurd t!d ebtdrbk` pdr%orakbnd o% t!d iusebdss. ]!es

nkb id kb d7dntevd soùteob %or mdnrdksebl t!d `kiour nost4 promunteob ob tead

dtn.

Iusebdss p&omuntevet$ kbk`$ses

]!es es t!d akeb pkrt o% t!d IE %roa !drd akbkldr nkb !e`d t!dy krd

strullèbl >et! t!d promunteob pdr%orakbnd or bot. E% yds !o> t!dy nkb eaprovd

t!d 1ukèty. Akbkldr nkb mo t!d rdsournd p`kbbebl kbm opteae(d soùteob %or t!d

proi`das. Eb


18/112

=bo>`dmld o% %rkad>or= o% sdakbten IE4 `kn= o% =bo>`dmld kiout t!d !kbmèbl

mktk4 `k=d o% =bo>`dmld o% eap`dadbtebl JEs 3Jdy dr%orakbnd Ebmenktors kbm

adtrens.

JE es t!d aost eaportkbt too` o% IE. 2krd%u``y mdselb JE iksdm ob t!dorlkbe(kteob `dkm t!d orlkbe(kteob to rdkn! t!der strktdlen lok`. Aost o% t!d

orlkbe(kteob !kvd proi`da to et! t!d %rkad>or= t!db et! t!d idst kmvkbtklds o% t!d orlkbe(kteob

'dkm ebmenktor prdment t!d %uturd

/`>kys %onus ob t!d pdr%orakbnd

]!d buaidr o% JE k`so vdry eaportkbt aord JE soad tead mdnreds t!dpdr%orakbnd kbk`yses. ?d> 3"##:skem kiout t!d stkbmkrm buaidr o% JE usebl eb

IE eb obd rdport +ur rdsdkrn!4 kbm aomdrb psyn!oòlenk` t!dory4 poebts to kiout

ks idebl kb opteaua buaidr4 k`t!oul! idt>ddb D kbm ;# nkb id usdm.C 3eiem

Eb noaaob nobndpt IE provemds !el! 1ukèty o% eb%orakteob >!en! ob`y nkb

mdrevdm %roa t!d !el! 1ukèty o% mktk. ô t!osd orlkbe(kteobs krd aovebl bd>`y

ebto IE t!dy !kvd to !el!`y nobndrb kiout dbsurd t!d !el! 1ukèty o% mktk %roa

rdèki`d sournds. &vdb e% >kbt to usd t!der o>b mktk %roa d8estebl &Y or 2YA

systda or &8nd` ^prdkms!ddt4 t!dy !kvd to ak=d surd t!d mktk krd n`dkb.

Idnkusd o% t!d noaiebkteob o% p`kb kbm kntuk` eb%orakteob es t!d =dy poebt o%

^dakbten IE ?rkad>or=. ]o nobsemdr t!d vkùd n!keb o% IE t!db nkb ldt k seap`d

emdk kiout t!d mktk n!keb krn!etdnturd.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ;,


19/112

elu&d /4/6 ]!d Gkùd 2!keb o% Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd tk=db %roa I&kndtt4

3;---

drd mktk sournd es t!d rk> aktdrek` %or up stkld eb%orakteob dblebddrebl eb k

skad >ky te`` iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd es rk> aktdrek` %or iusebdss strktdleds.

]o eap`dadbt IE kbm !kbm`d t!d idbdor= %or

orlkbe(kteobk` kbm IE knnormebl to bddms.

,eaetkteob oh stum$

]!d noap`dtd emdk o% IE es bot ebtromundm eb t!d Â&s4 akby pdop`d dvdb mo bot

=bo> kiout t!kt. ôad o% t!da dvdb !kvd me7drdbt pdrspdntevd o% ved> kiout

t!d Eb%orakteob ]dn!boòly >!en! aky mesklrdd kiout t!d rdsdkrn! rdsu`t.

*dsdk&ng kpp&okng

/nnormebl to purposd o% t!es >or= >!en! es to or= o% IE

kbm t!d akturety `dvd` o% IE ob Â&s4 t!d kpprokn! !drd es k noaiebkteob o% iot!

mdmuntevd kbm ebmuntevd prondss. ]!d >or= es stkrtdm >et! ired% ètdrkturd rdved>4

!ypot!dses kiout t!d d8estebl >or= o% IE %rkad>or= kbm idbd!en! >krd

dvkùktdm iy t!d ot!dr pro%dsseobk`s. ]!db soad ebtdrved>s >drd nobmuntdm >et!

akbkldrs to t!dy %dd` >et! d8estebl systda kbm >!kt meSnu`teds t!dy

krd %knebl dvdb usebl IE. ]!d %rkad>or= t!dy !kvd es t!kt t!d idst %rkad>or= %or

t!daH /bm !o> t!dy rdknt >et! IE kbm et es idbd


20/112

]!d rdsdkrn! strktdly es k`so k noaiebkteob o% survdy kbm nksd stumy4 o% vkreous

rdports. ?or no``dntebl mktk vkreous obèbd sournds è=d ool`d sdkrn! dblebd4

/2A meletk` èirkry4 iy d)ake` %roa vdbmors >drd usdm. /`so k 1udsteobbkerd >ks

akebtkebdm >!e`d ebtdrved>ebl t!d akbkldrs. / tkpd rdnormdr kbm botd ioo=

>drd usdm ks ebstruadbts %or rdnormebl mktk o% ebtdrved>s. E% soadt!ebl es aessdm

eb botd ioo= t!db et nkb id ldt %roa t!d tkpd kbm %or mktk knnurkny iot! sournds

nkb id nross n!dn=dm.

IE akeb`y usdm %or mddp kbk`yses kbm %or mdneseob support systda kbm akbkldrs

krd p`kyebl t!es ro`d eb kb orlkbe(kteob. ô t!d akbkldrs nkb id t!d idst skap`d

to tk=d ebtdrved> to mdk` >et! t!d proi`da. ]!drd%ord t!d ebtdrved>s >drd tk=db

>et! soad akbkldrs o% Â&s kbm soad %roa vdbmors.

/%tdr t!d mktk >drd kbk`ysdm >!en! >drd lkt!drdm %roa ebtdrved>s4 ot!dr obèbd

sournds kbm 1udsteobbkerds4 usdm to mdvdòpdm t!d akturety `dvd` o% IE ob Â&s

kbm k sdakbten %rkad>or= o% IE %or t!da.

Iknl&oubm oh &dsdk&ng

IE es k noaiebkteob o% mktk >krd!ousd 3M9 kbm mktk aebebl 3MA4 too`s o%

kbk`yses t!d %knts è=d +'/4 usdr ebtdr%knd4 mks!iokrm kbm snordnkrm4 au`te

strunturd support mktkiksd dtn. akby pdop`d mem kbm k`so moebl rdsdkrn! ob t!d

sdpkrktd krdks o% IE dvdb t!d dvkùkteob o% IE ob vkreous nobtd8t4 vkùd4 usds

dtn.

dtrebe kbm o((diob3"#;# t!dy mem k rdsdkrn! ob t!d vkùd o% IE eb t!d iksdm

ob mdvdòpebl noubtreds. ]!dy %onus ob t!d E] ebvdstadbt eb mdvdòpebl noubtreds

!o> IE nkb ak=d k loom vkùd %or t!kt noubtry. /nnormebl t!der rdport t!es

nobtd8t d8p`kebs t!d dadrldbnd o% t!d moakeb ldbdrk``y =bo>b ks 5iusebdss

ebtd`èldbnd0 3IE4 sddb ks kb kbs>dr to t!d nurrdbt bddms eb tdras o% eb%orakteob

%or mdneseob)ak=ebl >et! t!d ebtdbsevd uteè(kteob o% eb%orakteob tdn!boòly. ]!d

oiNdntevd o% t!es rdsdkrn! proNdnt es to d8kaebd t!d adkbebl kbm ro`d o% IE eb k

pkrtenu`kr nobtd8t4 obd o% mdvdòpebl noubtreds.C

Aemmd`%krt 3"## akmd k rdsdkrn! ob t!d eaprovebl spddm kbm 1ukèty o% IE

knnormebl to ++M/ 3+isdrvkteob4 +redbtkteob4 Mdneseob4 kbm /nteob nobndpt.

++M/ es k òop dkn! p!ksd !ks soad pkrtenu`kr Noi. ]o usebl t!es òop eb IE

dbverobadbt nkb eaprovd t!d pdr%orakbnd4 knnormebl !es rdport ]!es krten`d

ebtromunds t!d +isdrvkteob)+redbtkteob)Mdneseob)/nteob 3++M/ nobndpt ks k

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld "#


21/112

adkb to emdbte%y t!rdd bd> mdserdm tdn!boòleds eb iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd

kppènkteobs t!kt eaprovd t!d spddm kbm 1ukèty eb t!d mdneseob ak=ebl

prondssds.C

Mkyk` dt k`.43"##- akmd k rdsdkrn! ob >or= òkm o% IE opdrkteob. Eb t!es rdportt!dy %onus ob mktkiksd >or= òkm akbkldadbt t!dy skem 9d d8pòrd !o> to

akbkld mktkiksd >or=òkms t!kt nobtkeb k ae8turd o% +'])è=d 1udreds t!kt rub

%or ae`èsdnobms ks >d`` ks iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd 1udreds kbm akebtdbkbnd tks=s

t!kt `kst %or !ours.C

2ko dt k`.43"#;# akmd k rdsdkrn! ob t!d ebtdlrkteob o% IE noapobdbts è=d M94

+'/4 MA. ?roa t!d rdport $suk``y4 ebtdlrkteob o% iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd 3IE %roa

rdkèsten td`dnoa dbtdrpresd es iy pkn=ebl mktk >krd!ousd 3M94 +'/4 mktk

aebebl kbm rdportebl %roa me7drdbt vdbmors toldt!dr. /s k rdsu`t4 IE systda

usdrs krd trkbs%drrdm to k rdportebl systda >et! rdports4 mktk aomd`s4

meadbseobs kbm adksurds prdmd


22/112

(gkptd& 9 ,etd&ktu&d &dved%

Ebtromunteob

]ges ngkptdr loebl to id dxp`keb tgd hubmkadbtk` nobndpt oh IE kbm IE

krngetdnturd, sung ks iksen too`s kbm et es prondss kbm worj`okm k`so

idbdhets oh IE. ]gdb tgd aomd` wgeng es ebtromunebl es tgd honus oh tges

rdsdkrng.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ""


23/112

+gkt es IEky et es d8tdbms t!es rdkmy

eb%orakteob knndss to nustoadrs4 suppèdrs4 kbm iusebdss pkrtbdrs. IE es k sdt o%

nobndpts4 adt!oms4 kbm prondss to eaprovd iusebdss mdneseob usebl eb%orakteob

%roa au`tep`d sournds kbm kpp`yebl d8pdredbnd kbm kssuapteob to mdvdòp kb

knnurktd ubmdrstkbmebl iusebdss mybkaens.C (krdd=4 "##)

IE k`so k noaiebdm o% mktk kbm too`s to ak=d noap`d8 kbm noapdtetevd mdneseob

usebl IE akbkldrs nkb ubmdrstkbm t!der o>b nkpkieèteds4 trdbms4 %uturd

merdnteobs kbm akr=dt4 nustoadrs4 noapdtetors dtn. akeb`y IE >or= è=d kb

uaird``k >!en! temd nòsd`y ot!drs toldt!dr eb k mesnepèbd è=d mktk aebebl4

stktestenk` kbk`yses4 %ordnkstebl kbm mdneseob support systda. 3eiem

IE es kb ubmdrstkbmki`d =bo>`dmld kbm eb%orakteob t!kt es mdrevdm %roa mktk.

Mktk idnoad ebtd`èldbnd >!db et es k rel!t >ky to prdsdbt to rel!t pdop`d. IE

systda es k noaiebkteob o% %d> sui systda è=d ; Jbo>`dmld akbkldadbt

systda. " +bèbd kbk`ytenk` prondssebl systda. Mdneseob support systda. *

&8dnutevd eb%orakteob systda eb k noaiebkteob et provemd t!d idst mdneseob4

trdbm4 !estorenk` kbm nurrdbt eb%orakteob. ]!d bdt rdsu`t es k idttdr ubmdrstkbmebl

o% mktk4 eb%orakteob kbm =bo>`dmld to akbkld k typenk` orlkbe(kteob aord

d7dntevd`y. 3]!edrku%4 "##;

Eb mdet(4 "##:

IE es k sdt o% nobndpt4 adt!oms kbm prondss. Et es k systda o% ebtd`èldbnd

d8pòrkteob4 ebtdlrkteob kbm au`temeadbseobk` kbk`yses o% mktk %roa me7drdbt

sournds. ]!dy idèdvd t!drd krd %our iksen meadbseobs o% IE è=d ; Iusebdss

meadbseob >!en! k`ò>s t!d iusebdss adt!oms kbm tdn!be1uds o% adksurdadbt.

" ]dn!boòly meadbseob >!en! k`ò>s t!d tdn!benk` adt!oms too`s.

+rlkbe(kteobk` meadbseob >!en! k`ò>s adt!omoòleds o% eap`dadbtkteob kbm



24/112

uteèskteob. * Meadbseob o% %ubnteobkèty k`ò>s t!d %ubnteob mdtdraebkteob o% t!d

IE systda. 3+`s(k= kbm [edaik4 "##

eisob skys t!kt k iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd systda es k tdn!boòly t!kt provemds k

selbekrd!ousd es aord eaprovdm t!db id%ord. Aost o% t!d vdbmor %onus ob

tdn!boòly >!db t!dy iue`m t!d mktk >krd!ousd rkt!dr t!kb iusebdss soùteob et

es k >dk=bdss o% M9. Iut IE k`>kys %onusds ob eaprovebl t!d knndss kbm

provemds t!d kppènkteob o% iusebdss eb%orakteob. +'/4 MA too`s es t!d IE

kn!edvdadbt. Eb k pkrt o% mdvdòpadbt IE k`ò>s bo> trkbspkrdbt !dtdroldbdous

mktk knndss eb t!es >ky nustoadr nkb knndss mktk dkse`y %roa me7drdbt mktk

sournds kbm ònkteob. 3/àdemk dt k`.4;---

IE es k nobtebuous prondss o% d8trkntebl eb%orakteob4 nrdktebl selbeet! mktk aebebl. MA es kb kppènkteob o% stktestenk`

tdn!be1uds eb nobNubnteob >et! akt!daktenk` %orau`k >!en! es usd %or %ordnkstebl

kbm sdbsetevety kbk`yses. ]!d akeb adt!omoòly o% MA es ;. 2ùstdrebl ".

^dladbtkteob kbm 2`ksseor= *. Ydlrdsseob /bk`yses D.

/ssonekteob /bk`yses. 3^k!k4 "##

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld "*


25/112

IE k`so %knebl soad n!k``dbld k`` t!es tead. ôad tead orlkbe(kteobs krd rd%usd to

usd IE idnkusd o% stkbmkrme(kteob o% adt!omoòleds4 iusebdss mdd`` ks

t!d !uakb nkpetk`4 =bo>`dmld prondss kbm nu`turd. ê8 n!k``dblds eb d8pòetebl IE

>!en! krd

Mktk (gk``dbld' Mktk es t!d akeb %knt o% IE. Et es !dkrt o% t!d systda. Mktk

no``dntebl es t!d aost nost`y4 tead nobsuaebl4 kbm meSnu`t prondss. ô t!d

orlkbe(kteobs t!kt no``dnt mktk !kvd to akebtkeb t!d stkbmkrm prondss >!db t!dy

no``dnt mktk. /bm !kvd to ak=d surd no``dntdm mktk krd knnurktd4 %roa rdèki`d

sournds4 rdkmki`d id%ord storkld. Mktk storkld es kbot!dr oistkn`d o% IE. Mktk

o%tdb stord eb me7drdbt %orakt eb me7drdbt ònkteob4 so provemdr !kvd to ak=d surd

t!d mktk %orakteob iy t!d d8pdrt systda kbm dksy to %orakt >!en! provemd aord

iusebdss vkùd.

dngboòl$ (gk``dbld' +vdr tead orlkbe(kteobs !kvd knnuau`ktdm k noap`d8

sdt o% !dtdroldbdous too`s kbm eb%rkstrunturd tdn!boòleds bot dvdb >d``

orlkbe(d. ôadtead idnkusd o% t!d ]otk` 2ost +>b s!ep 3]2+ %or akebtkebebl

t!es =ebm o% systda es !el!. ô YE+ 3Ykpem mdpòyadbt >et! loom rdturb ob

Ebvdstadbt k`so idnoad Â&s ò>dr t!kb ]2+. ô orlkbe(kteobs krd bot

ebtdrdstdm to ebvdst.

.&ondss (gk``dbld' IE es k prondss kbm et es k =dy o% k sunndss%u` IE kbm

iusebdss. rondss nkb id n!kbld iy usebl to ubmdrstkbm t!d IE prondss kbm bddm

to propdr ubmdrstkbmebl o% JE.

^t&ktdl$ (gk``dbld' Et es k vdry noaaob n!k``dbld. Idnkusd me7drdbt

orlkbe(kteob !ks me7drdbt strktdly kbm sunndss%u` strktdly !d`ps orlkbe(kteob to

kn!edvd t!der lok`. ôadtead IE nkb bot k`ò> t!d orlkbe(kteob o>b strktdly kbm

soadtead dvdb k`ò> iut t!kt strktdly ael!t >robl4 >!en! mdrevd t!d iusebdss

mo>b turb. Et es vdry sdbsetevd essud.

Tsd& (gk``dbld']!es es kb dvdrymky essud4 ubmdrstkbmebl t!d me7drdbt usdr kbm

t!der kntuk` bddm >!en! es t!d =dy o% sunndss%u` IE eap`dadbtkteob. ô t!dy krd

tryebl to ldt k rel!t nk`nu`kteob %or t!da >!kt t!dy rdk``y bddm.

(u`tu&d (gk``dbld' &vdry orlkbe(kteob !ks o>b me7drdbt nu`turd kbm t!d

nu`turd bddms to id %onus to t!d %knt iksd mdneseob ak=ebl IE aky id ki`d to

ebtromund k noaaob nu`turd kss


26/112

+`s(k= md!en! krd Mktk >krd!ousd

kbm &]'4 +'/ kbm Mktk Aebebl4 IE kbm 2YA kppènkteobs. 3+`s(k= kbm [edaik4

"##:

elu&d 949']!d Aost Eaportkbt 2oapobdbts o% Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbndstk=db

%roa Jk`k=otk kbm Yoiebsob4 ;--- netdm iy O`szk kbm 7eda)k43 "##:

IE >esto&$

Eb ;-,- k rdsdkrn! sn!o`kr o% krtdr roup Ar. o>krm Mrdsbdr ebtromundm IE

>et! k sdt o% adt!oms kbm nobndpts o% eaprovd t!d nretenk` iusebdss mdneseob %roa

t!d rdsournd o% mktk. 2oaaob IE nobndpt es mktk >krd!ousd4 dbtdrpresd

kppènkteob too`s4 +'/ >!en! !d`ps to %kstdr no``dnteob4 kbk`yses or mktk rdsdkrn!.

Akeb`y IE es d8trkntebl t!d eb%orakteob %roa t!d kvke`ki`d mktk sournds kbm usebl

t!da eb =bo>`dmld akbkldadbt to eaprovd iusebdss strktdleds. Yosd Ebmek3b.m

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ":


27/112

IE Ae`dstobds

Iedrd poebtdm out soad ae`dstobds oh IE $geng krd ks ho`ò$s

&kr`y usdr %redbm`y `kblukld dstkiès! k èb= idt>ddb t!d usdr kbm

ebteaemktebl E] >!en! iue`m k n`dkr nobndpt o% dbm usdr noaputeblC ]!d rd1uerdadbt to sdt noaaob norporktd stkbmkrms %or kbk`ytenk` too`s

>ks obd o% t!d aost d7dntevd idbdks emdk`. ]!d aost noaaob`y usdm

%orakt o% mktkiksd >ks YMIA^ t!kt supportdm ^L'. ]!d bddms to

dstkiès! kbm sten= ob to stkbmkrm %or k`` provemdr o% ^L' idnoad k

akbtrk.C ]!d mktk provemebl iy t!d mktk >krd!ousd es bot k`>kys t!kt >d bddm4 iut

nkpturebl mktk %roa d8estebl systda es aord mdserki`d. ô id%ord >d tk=d

kby knteob kiout t!d mktk trkbs%orakteob >d !kvd to =bo> kiout ournurrdbt nobtdbt kbm %ora.C

Mktk 9krd!ousd proNdnts >!db iroul!t k`` t!d kppènki`d stdps toldt!dr

%or nrdktebl k bd> kbm kbk`yses)iksdm mktk. Et k`so provdm t!kt t!d tks=s

rd`ktdm to mktk trkbs%orakteob prondss nou`m id tk=ebl vdry òbl kbm

nost`y. ]!d krluadbt ks to >!dt!dr k >krd!ousd or k akrt es aord propdr

nobtebuds. ]!d aost eaportkbt kspdnt o% >krd!ousebl es t!d rdkè(kteob

t!kt t!d ikn= dbms >e`` akyid stky kbm prondssds to trkbs%ora kbm nrdktd

bd> mktk stords aust id kutoaktdm. ]!dsd krd bot obd)tead prondmurds.C ]!d tead k`rdkmy krrevds bo> pdop`d >kbt IE soùteob. +bd aotevktebl

%ornd id!ebm t!dsd es t!d bddm to mdèvdr rd


28/112

Yksaussdb dt k`.43"##" ebvdstelktd t!d dvkùkteob o% IE %roa stkten rdport kbm

s!o>ebl eb k lrkp!

elu&d 945 6 Dvkùkteob hroa ^tkten Ydport to Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd tk!db hroa

Yksaussdb dt k`.: (9339)

IE oo`s

IE eb md too`s >!en! krd usebl to nobtro`èbl mktk kbm promunebl

me7drdbt rdports.

Iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd too`s dbki`d orlkbe(kteobs to ubmdrstkbm t!der ebtdrbk` kbm

d8tdrbk` dbverobadbts t!roul! t!d systdakten kn1ueseteob4 no``kteob4 kbk`yses4

ebtdrprdtkteob4 kbm d8pòetkteob o% eb%orakteobC. 3?u`m dt k`.4 "## netdm iy 2!ubl

dt k`.4"##D

^d`dnteob o% IE too`s es vdry eaportkbt. Bo> vdbmors krd o7drebl akby me7drdbt

IE too`s. Iut >!db kb orlkbe(kteob n!oosds IE too`s t!dy !kvd to ubmdrstkbm

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ",


29/112

kiout t!d too`s kbm poebtdm out t!d orlkbe(kteobk` eb%orakteobk` bddms. /bm k`so

et es bdndsskry to nobsemdr %ubnteobkèty4 noap`d8ety o% soùteob kbm noapkteieèty

o% t!d too`s. 3+`s(k= kbm [edaik4 "##

IE too`s krd è=d kppènkteob so%t>krd >!en! es usebl %or no``dntebl4 kbk`y(ebl kbmprdsdbtebl mktk. Me7drdbt too`s krd pdr%oraebl me7drdbt >ky eb me7drdbt purposd.

ôad IE too`s krd poebtebl out !drd è=d6

A^ Dxnd`6

]!es es vdry noaaob kbm o`m too` eb eb%orakteob systda o% storebl kbm prdsdbtebl

mktk. /`` aost dvdry orlkbe(kteob es usebl t!es too` idnkusd et es vdry dksy to

akebtkeb. 3Yosd Ebmek4b.m

Ydportebl too`s6

Iusebdss opdrkteob es k noaaob kppènkteob %or rdportebl too`s4 t!es akeb`y usd

%or nustoae(d kbm norporktd rdport ak=ebl. 3e%em)

]!d akeb %onus o% t!es too` es t!d rel!t eb%orakteob to t!d rel!t pdrsob kt rel!t

tead. Ydportebl too`s bot ob`y %or t!d nrdktebl rdport k`so nkb sdbm t!d

eb%orakteob to t!d rel!t pdrsob vek d)ake` or nd`` p!obd k`drts. 3&`dntrosakrt4 b.m

O@KS6

+bèbd kbk`ytenk` rondssebl too`s borak``y usd %or pdr%ora noap`d8 1udreds kbm

k`so >!db t!d kaoubt o% t!d mktk es !uld. +'/ k`ò>s kbk`y(ebl mktk %roa

me7drdbt meadbseob. yirem +'/4 Yd`kteobk` +'/4 Au`temeadbseobk` +'/ es

usebl to provemd 1uen= kbs>dr o% t!d noap`d8 1udsteob. Mktk sènebl kbm menebl4

mre`` up4 mre`` mo>b4 mre`` t!ro> es t!d noaaob %ubnteob o% +'/. 3Yosd Ebmek4 b.m

ktk aebebl too`s6

Mktk aebebl too`s krd usebl to ebtdrrolkteob t!d mktk %or emdbte%y trdbms kbm

pkttdrbs. Et nkb prdment k aomd` kbm nkb ddb

t!d t>o adtrens. ]!dy krd6

/mvkbnd kbk`yses

ypot!dses tdstebl

rdmentevd kbk`yses

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld "-


30/112

Mktk aebebl too`s es vdry popu`kr dspdnek``y eb %d> iusebdssds `e=d6

?rkum mdtdnteob

]krldt akr=dtebl Yes= akbkldadbt

Iusebdss kbk`yses kbm opteae(kteob

MA too`s k`so popu`kr to mo proNdnteob4 norrd`kteob kbm trdbm kbk`yses.

3&`dntrosakrt4 b.m

^no&dnk&m kbm Mksg)ok&m'

Et es k no``dnteob o% eb%orakteob o% t!d orlkbe(kteobCs strktdleds4 pdr%orakbnd o%

t!d iusebdss4 ubet4 tdka or ebmevemuk` `dvd` mesp`kyebl eb k obd p`kt%ora. Et !d`ps

t!d orlkbe(kteob !o> to kn!edvd t!d oiNdntevd kbm adksurd t!d pdr%orakbnds.

3&`dntrosakrt4 b.m

]!d b

to t!d root %or


31/112

IE Kppènkteobs

Ydebsn!aemt kbm ?rkbnoesd3"### tk=ds t!dy !kvebl idbd!o es iuyebl.

:uen &dspobsd4 Luen= rdspobsd tdn!boòleds nkb !d`p

spddm adrn!kbmesd to t!d s!d`%4 rdmund ebvdbtory `dvd`sbddmdm to ebnrdksd turbs rd1uerds po>dr%u` eb%orakteob

systda kbm strobl noaaubenkteobs ikn=iobd.

Ad&ngkbmesebl. 9et! 1uen=4 mdtke`dm knndss to sk`ds kbm

ebvdbtory mktk nkb %onus aord prdnesd`y ob stord)km)etda

`dvd` pdr%orakbnd.

Mest&e)uteob kbm òlestens. d`pebl mestreiuteob nkbtdrs

akbkld ebnrdksdm voùad Â&s. 2kb usd kmvkbnd s!epadbt

eb%orakteob to sn!dmu`d kbm nobsoèmktd ebioubm kbm

outioubm %rdel!t.

&kbspo&tkteob akbkldadbt. Mdvdòpebl opteak` òkm

nobsoèmkteob p`kbs kbm routebl sn!dmu`ds.

Ebvdbto&$ p`kbbebl. d`pebl emdbte%y t!d ebvdbtory `dvd`



32/112

bddmdm4 etda iy etda4 to dbsurd k levdb lrkmd o% sdrvend.

^ton ònkteob p`kbbebl. d`pebl !o> to aebeae(d t!d

k`ònkteob krdk %or promunt kbm >!en! ònkteob to usd %or

eaprovds dSnedbny.

(k&m tdngboòl$. 2ustoadr kbm t!der trkbsknteob

eb%orakteob4 %roa !drd nkb ldt nustoadr purn!ksd pkttdrbs.Ebsu&kbnd (`keas kbm p&daeua kbk`$ses4/bk`y(d mdtke`dm o% n`keas

kbm prdaeua !estory o% promunt4 poèny !o`mdr4 n`kea typd4

kbm ot!dr spdne nustoadr. ]o emdbte%y !el!)res= eb

akr=dt kbm opportubeteds eb ot!dr krdk.

Ikbebl2

;bkbnd kbm

^dnu&eteds

(ustoad& p&o;tk)eèt$ kbk`$ses42kb ludss t!d ovdrk``

prokrbebls to !d`p nustoadrs kvoem nrdmet

proi`das.

I&kbng sk`ds4$sebl nustoadr eb%orakteob eb t!d irkbn! %or

provemebl idttdr nustoadr sdrvend kbm sk`ds.

d`dnoaauben

kteobs

(ustoad& p&o;èbl kbm sdladbtkteob4]!d kieèty to

kbk`y(d nustoadr kbm promunt uskld !estory kbm nustoadr



33/112

sdladbts. ]!es !d`ps to mdselb promunt.

(ustoad& mdakbm ho&dnkstebl4?ordnkst %uturd promunt

bddms kbm sdrvend kntevety. Mdakbm nkb nrdktd iy kld.Akbuhkntu&d ^k`ds4 rovemebl kbk`ysds o% nustoadr)spdneet!

t!d suppèdrs.

Mest&e)uteob kbm olestens4d`pebl mestreiuteob ndbtrds

akbkld t!d supp`y n!keb akbkldadbt kbm k`` eb%orakteob

kiout s!epadbt kbm mdèvdry.

&kbspo&tkteob akbkldadbt4Mdvdòpebl opteak` òkm

nobsoèmkteob p`kbs ))kbm routebl sn!dmu`ds.

Ebvdbto&$ p`kbbebl42kb emdbte%y t!d ebvdbtory `dvd`

bddmdm4 etda iy etda rd)ormdr `dvd`4 prd)promunteob p`kb.

^ton ònkteob p`kbbebl4d`pebl >krd!ousd p`kbbdrs to

aebeae(d mestkbnds kbm eaprovd dSnedbny.

k)`d 94/6 Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd kppènkteob eb


34/112

+`s(k= kbm [edaik3"##: poebtdm out t!d aost eaportkbt d7dnts t!kt nkb id

kn!edvd to usebl %o`ò>ebl kbk`yses o% IE

/bk`yses >!en! supports nross kbm up sd`èbl

2ustoadr proetn!ebl po>dr to

noapdteteob

2rdmet snorebl

?rkum mdtdnteob

'olestens opteaeskteobs

?ordnkstebl o% strktdlen iusebdss eb prondssds mdvdòpadbt

9di aebebl kbm

9di)%kraebl.

IE ho& ebkbnek` (oapkbeds

Yksaussdb dt k` idèdvds t!kt


35/112

elu&d 94=6 &vkùkteob o% krd!ousd tk!db hroa *ksaussdb dt

k`23 "##"

?ebkbnek` noapkbeds akeb`y ikb=4 nurrdbny d8n!kbld4 %ordelb ebvdstadbtorlkbe(kteobs dtn. Eb ikb=ebl akNor sdntors krd skvebl4 òkb4 noaadrnek`

ikb=ebl4 nrdmet ubeob4 aortlkld. ?or t!da IE idnoad k vdry eaportkbt to

rdportebl4 rdlu`ktory noapèkbnd protdnteob o% nustoadrCs sdbsetevd mktk4 so`vebl

iusebdss proi`das4 mktk ebtdlrkteob to emdbte%y proetn!ebl id!kveour4 %rkum mdtdnteob kbm dSnedbt nustoadr sdrvend.

Eb prkntesd IE lkt!drebl mktk %roa ebtdrbk` kbm d8tdrbk` sournds kbm !d`ps to

kn!edvd t!d iusebdss lok` kbm aost eaportkbt pkrt es IE !kbm`d t!d res=

akbkldadbt. 3Yosd Ebmek4 b.m

IE Aomd`s

IE es kb ebtdlrkteob o% too`s bot k sebl`d kppènkteob. Et es k noaiebkteob o%

me7drdbt pkrt o% t!d E] systda >!en! toldt!dr >or= eb k prondss nk``dm IE systda.

Ikualkrtbdr dt k` skem t!d tdra IE es k io8 o% adt!oms %or no``dntebl4 kbk`y(ebl4

kbm prdsdbtebl mktk to kssest mdneseob ak=ebl prondss. /`so IE nkb nk`` k prondss

to provemd idttdr ebsel!t o% kb orlkbe(kteob. 3Ikualkrtbdr dt k`.4 "##



36/112

elu&d 94?6 ]!d Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd Yd%drdbnd Aomd` tk!db hroa Ikualk&tbd&

dt k`2C 933)

Eb IE kppènkteob ebnùmd o% mdneseob support systda4 1udry kbm rdportebl4 +'/

kbm MA. IE no``dnt mktk %roa iusebdss ebtdrbk` kbm d8tdrbk` opdrkteob turb et ebto

k adkbebl%u` eb%orakteob kbk`y(d t!db mestreiutd ovdr t!d dbtdrpresd ornustoadrs. 3^yaadtry 2orporkteob4"##D



37/112

elu&d 946 IE rondss eb k ro> tk=dbhroa^$aadt&$ (o&po&kteob23"##D

Akttdo dt k` md`dmld. ]!dy k`so levd k noap`dtd penturd o% IE prondss akbkldadbt es

levdb id`o>. 3Akttdo dt k`4"##*



38/112

elu&d 946 ]!d noap`dtd dbtdrpresd IE prondss tk!db hroaAkttdo dt k`2

3"##*

Gdrnd`ès skem kiout t!d akeb noapobdbts o% IE >!en! krd

Mktk sournds %or lkt!drebl t!d mktk %roa preakry kbm sdnobmkry sournds >!en!

es !dtdroldbdous iy oreleb.

Mktk >krd!ousd kbm Mktk akrt >!en! %or d8trkntebl trkbs%oraebl kbm

òkmebl t!d mktk. IE adt!omoòleds %or au`temeadbseobk` nuid kbk`yses4 tead sdreds kbk`yses4

aomd` opteae(kteob

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ,


39/112

Mktk d8pòrkteob %or 1udry kbm rdportebl systda k`so nobsest stktestenk`

kbk`yses +pteae(kteob >!en! rd%dr t!d idst soùteob >!en! es et! orlkbe(kteob

rdsournds kbm iumldt

Mdneseob

3Gdrnd`ès4"##-

elu&d 94!6 ]!d akeb noapobdbts o% IE systda tkdbhroa 1d&nd`ès23 "##-

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld -


40/112

Gdrnd`ès k`so levds kb emdk kiout k typenk` krn!etdnturd kbm 2yn`d o% IE >!en! es

elu&d 94"6 ]rkmeteobk` krn!etdnturd o% I tk!db hroa 1d&nd`ès23 "##-

elu&d 94/36]!d IE nyn`dôu&nd' C1d&nd`ès2 933"N

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *#


41/112

+`s(k= kbm [edaik idèdvd t!kt IE systdas krd kssuadm to id soùteobs t!kt krd

rdspobsei`d %or trkbsnrepteob o% mktk ebto eb%orakteob kbm =bo>`dmld kbm t!dy

k`so nrdktd soad dbverobadbt %or d7dntevd mdneseob ak=ebl4 strktdlen t!eb=ebl

kbm kntebl eb orlkbeskteobs.C 3+`s(k= kbm [edaik4 "##

elu&d 94//6 ]!d ro`d o% IE systda eb mdneseob ak=ebl tk=db %roaO`szk kbm

7eda)k2C 933N

krdd= skys t!d vkùd n!keb o% IE systda es support to kn!edvd t!d iusebdss lok`

t!kt nobsests o% rdk`)tead mktk >krd!ousd4 mktk aebebl4 kutoaktdm kboak`y4 E^

dtn. ]!d mktk sournds support to mdvdòp eb%orakteob eb turb4 support to

=bo>`dmld >or=dr to mdvdòp =bo>`dmld dbverobadbt4 kbm t!d =bo>`dmld

>or=dr support t!d iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd eb ebtd`èldbnd `dkrbebl dbtdrpresd kbm

!en! !d`ps to kn!edvd iusebdss lok`.

3krdd=4 "##

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *;


42/112

elu&d 94/96 ]!d IE vkùd n!keb tk=db %roa.k&dd2 C933)

d k`so skem t!d vkùd n!keb mdpdbm ob t!d krikld)eb)krikld)outC kby pkrt o%

t!d IE nkb bot !kvd t!d idttdr 1ukèty t!db t!d sournd `dvd`. Idnkusd mktk sourndes t!d %oubmkteob `dvd` o% t!d vkùd n!keb e% mktk sournds es nobtkebs poor 1ukèty

o% mktk t!db t!d >!o`d systda promund poor 1ukèty o% eb%orakteob >!en! d7dnt

t!d lok` iut e% sournd es akebtkeb !el! 1ukèty t!db t!d systda output k`so vdry

!el! 1ukèty. 3eiem

elu&d 94/56 IE prondss 2yn`dtk=db %roa.k&dd2 C933N

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *"


43/112

eovebk((o skem IE eb k prondss es è=d k òop >!en! noaiebkteob o% t!rdd

%ubmkadbtk` stdps t!osd krd mktk kn1uerebl4 mktk kbk`y(ebl kbm tk=ebl knteob

mdpdbm ob t!d rdport.3eovebk((o4 "##

elu&d 94/=6 ]!d Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd 'oop tk=db %roaeovebkzzo2C 9335N

9ktdrs md


44/112

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld **


45/112

elu&d 94/?6 ]!d 'dvd`s o% Iusebdss Ebtd``eldbndtk=db %roa Anobkl`d kbm

Gd``k4 ;--: ]!edrku%4 "##; netdm iy.e&tteake23"##

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *D


46/112

Youeik! kbm /`e d8p`keb kiout IE p!ksd >!en! es borak``y nyn`en. ?erst p!ksd es

tkrldtebl t!kt nobsest t!d survevk` ioubmkry o% t!d iusebdss. ^dnobm p!ksd es

akeb`y sd`dntebl t!d noapkbyCs >dd= selb. ]!erm p!ksd es opdrktebl routebl t!d

>dd= selbs %roa outsemd kbm ebsemd t!d orlkbe(kteob. ?ourt! p!ksd trkbs%oraebl

t!d no``dntdm mktk eb to knteobki`d stkld. E% t!d knteob es aost selbe


47/112

%orakt kbm >!db rdport ak=dr ks= t!db et t!ro>s t!d %orakt to IE sdrvend. ?or

usebl IE &btety nou`m !kvd k noaaob %orakt o% 2ustoadr IE4 ^k`ds IE dtn >!en!

nobtkebs k`` t!d adksurdadbt kbm nobtkebs. 3d! dt k`4 "##*

elu&d 94/6 Iusebdss Ebtd``eldbnd &btety krn!etdnturd tk=db %roadg dt k`23"##*



48/112

Bluydb dt k` ebtromund t!d rdk` tead IE so`uteob >!en! nkb dbki`d rdk` tead

kbk`ytens ovdr t!d norporktd iusebdss prondss4 et k`so novdr t!d noap`dtd prondss

o% sdbsd4 ebtdrprdt4 prdment kbk`yses kbm mdnreds t!d rdknteob tead o% iusebdss

mdneseob. 3Bluydb dt k`4"##D

elu&d 94/!6 Ydk`)]ead IE /rn!etdnturdtk=db %roaHlu$db dt k`23"##D

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *,


49/112

Aerndk kbm /bmrddsnu s!o>s eb k to

mdvdòp IE eb k proNdnt. 3Mdidvoeds4 "## netdm iy Aerndk kbm /bmrddsnu4 "#;#

elu&d 94/"']!d iksen prondss o% mdvdòpebl IE eb k proNdnt tk=db %roa

Mdidvoesd "## netdm iy Ae&ndk kbm Kbm&ddsnu23"#;#

Aost o% t!d IE vdbmors è=d EIA4 ^/4 ^/^4 Eb%orakteob Iue`mdr4 Aenro^rtdly4

+rkn`d k`` t!dy !kvd IE soùteob %or Â&s kbm t!dy nkb stkrt >et! t!d d8estebl

systda. /`` t!dy krd soùteob stkrt >et! lkt!drebl norrdnt mktk t!db kbk`y(d t!da

k%tdr t!kt provemd soùteob. Et nkb %dd` t!d nord strunturd o% IE eap`dadbtkteob k``

o% t!da skad è=d eovebk((o aomd`. Eb obd krtbdrCs Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd

rdsdkrn! ostakbdt k` 3"##- skem t!kt Â&s bddm soùteob t!kt provemd

rdportebl4 kbk`yses4 kbm p`kbbebl %roa k sebl`d p`kt%ora. /bm k`` o% t!osd vdbmors

tryebl provemd k sebl`d soùteob ebnùmd k`` IE %kneèteds.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld *-


50/112

IE adksu&dadbt kbm aktu&et$ aomd`

Adksu&dadbt oh IE

IE es popu`kr aomd` eb Eb%orakteob ^ystda. Aost o% t!d `krld dbtdrpresds

nobvdrtdm %roa &Y to IE bo>. ô et es vdry eaportkbt to adksurd IE eb IE

opdrkteob prondss. ôad kut!ors ebmenktd adksurdadbt es kb eaportkbt tks=4

3ôàob ;--: Gevk IE Ebn "### netdm iy ertteak=e dt k`.4 "##: kbm k`so et es

meSnu`t to nkrry out. 3krt( "##* kbbu`k kbm pertteak=e "## êaob ;--,

netdm iy ertteak=e dt k`.4 "##:. E% usdr nkb adksurd et propdr`y t!db t!dy nkb

Nuste%y t!d eaprovdadbt o% eap`dadbtkteob4 ebvdstadbt4 kbm pdr%orakbnd ks

>d``. Eb%orakteob iue`mdr 3IE vdbmor sulldst t!rdd n!krkntdrestens s!ou`m id

adksurd mdpòyadbt kieèty4 snk`kieèty4 kbm uskieèty o% t!d eb%orakteobC

3Eb%orakteob Iue`mdr "##* netdm iy ertteak=edt k`.4 "##:.

ertteak=edt k`.4 3"##: ebmenktds t>o akeb purposd o% adksurebl IE obd es t!d

vkùkteob o% IE nkb provd et >ort! t!d d7ort or bot kbot!dr obd es adksurd o% IE

knteveteds !d`p to akbkld IE prondss.

urposd %or adksurdadbt Akeb usdr o%

adksurdadbt

eb%orakteob

&8pdntdm idbd


51/112

.d&ho&akbnd oh IE p&ondss

/ bob stop nyn`d !ks se8 p!ksds. ]!dy krd ) ;. Eb%orakteob6 bddm to id emdbteo akeb prondssds

eap`dadbtkteob prondss kbm $te`e(kteob prondss. 3 ertteak=e kbm ubbku`k4

"##. ]kiktkikde levds obd d8kap`d ky to adksurd t!d

sunndss %kntor o% IE prondss.

elu&d 94936 ]!d me7drdbt >ky to adksurd t!d IE sunndss %kntor o% IE prondss

tk=db %roaertteak=e dt k`.4 "##: netdm iy k)ktk)kde23"##-

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld D;


52/112


53/112

^pdne


54/112

(AAE .&ondss k&dks

rondss krd lroupdm eb %our nktdloreds

rondss akbkldadbt roNdnt akbkldadbt

&blebddrebl

ûpport

elu&d 94996 ]!d Akturety o% IE tk=db %roa 9e`èka4 "##: netdm iy .opoven dt

k`44 3"#;#

Eb t!d s %our stkld o% akturety4 kt t!d dkr`y stkld akturety es vdry

ò> idnkusd bo mktk >krd!ousd kbm too` usdm. Eb stkld obd4 et es s!o>b t!kt t!d

prdsdbnd o% iusebdss vkùd iut ste`` bo n!kbld eb usebl eb%orakteob. Eb stkld t>o4

!drd et s!o>s %d> usds o% IE too`s kbm opteae(d usd o% eb%orakteob. Eb stkld t!rdd

orlkbe(kteobs krd ki`d to usd t!es eb%orakteob eb d8estebl iusebdss prondss4 kbm

eb%orakteob es opteae(dm kt t!d dbtdrpresd `dvd`. /bm orlkbe(kteob rdkn!ds t!d

!el!dst `dvd` o% IE akturety t!us t!d ak8eaua iusebdss vkùd. 39e`èka kbm

9e`èka "## netdm iy opoven dt k`.4 "#;#

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld D*


55/112

Akturety aomd` usdm %or mdsnreiebl4 d8p`keb kbm dvkùktebl t!d lro>t! o% t!d

systda è%d nyn`d. ]!d iksen nobndpt es t!d t!ebls n!kbld ovdr tead kbm aost o%

t!es n!kbld nkb id prdment kbm rdlu`ktdm. 3YkNtdren4"#;#

Bo> nou`m id %onus ob soad akturety aomd` usebl eb IE

gd Iusebdss Ebho&akteob Aktu&et$ Aomd`' ]!rdd sunndss %kntor %onus

eb t!es aomd` lovdrbkbnd kbm ` kèlbadbt4 mdèvdry kbm `dvdrkld. Aomd`

novdrs sdvdb =dy krdks >!en! krd IE strktdlen poseteob4 pkrtbdrs!ep

idt>ddb iusebdss ubets kbm E]4 IE port%oèo akbkldadbt4 eb%orakteob kbm

kbk`yses uskld nu`turd4 prondss o% eaprovebl iusebdss nu`turd4 prondss o%

dstkiès!ebl mdneseob nu`turd4 kbm tdn!benk` rdkmebdss o% IEFM9C 3 9e`èka

dt k`.4"## netdm iy YkNtdren4 "#;# M+ELs Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd Aktu&et$ Aomd`']!d Mktk 9krd!ousd

Ebstetutd 3]M9E ebtromundm ]M9ECs IE akturety aomd` >!en! es orelebk``y

mdvdòpdm iy 9kybd &n=drsob eb "##*. ]!es aomd` %onusds ob del!t =dy

krdks >!en! krdC ^nopd4 pobsors!ep4 ?ubmebl4 Gkùd4 /rn!etdnturd4 Mktk4

Mdvdòpadbt kbm Mdèvdry. &kn! o% t!d del!t kspdnts es lrkmdm >et! t!d

%o`ò>ebl


56/112

k&tbd&Ls Aktu&et$ Aomd` ho& Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd kbm .d&ho&akbnd

Akbkldadbt']!es aomd` rdnolbe(ds !en! krd ubk>krd4

tkntenk`4 %onusdm4 strktdlen4 kbm pdrvksevd. Et ebnùmds t!rdd =dy krdks >!en! krd

pdop`d4 prondss4 adtrens kbm tdn!boòly.C 3Iurtob "## netdm iy YkNtdren4"#;#

elu&d 949=6 ]!d krtbdrCs IE akturety aomd` tk=db %roaostakb "## netdm

iy Kog23"##-

KA* *dsdk&ngGs Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd.d&ho&akbnd Akbkldadbt

Aktu&et$ Aomd`2 1d&seob 9' /AY Ydsdkrn! 2oapkby t!dy %onusdm ob IE

rdsdkrn! kbm mdvdòp %our)`dvd` %rkad>or= %or IE t!d =dy o% t!es aomd` rdkntebl4

kbtenepktebl4 no``kiorktebl4 kbm orn!dstrktebl. 3dldrty "##: netdm iy YkNtdren4

"#;#

Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd Aktu&et$ >ed&k&ng$']!es aomd` mdvdòpdm eb

=bo>`dmld akbkldadbt t!drd krd %our stkld o% t!es aomd` è=d mktk4

eb%orakteob4 =bo>`dmld kbm >esmoa. 3YkNtdren4"#;#

,olenkLs aktu&et$ aomd`' ?d> iel noapkbeds è=d 4 ^/4 Aenroso%t kbm

'olenk !kvd IE akturety aomd` kbm %rkad>or= %or t!der o>b. Eb t!es aomd` t!dakturety kbm t!d vkùd es adksurdm ob stkld eb mdèvdrebl eb%orakteob promunts.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld D:


57/112

]!es aomd` aord %onusdm ob t!d tdn!bo`oly semd so>ebl eb t!d


58/112

(gkptd& 5 *dsdk&ng adtgom

Ebtromunteob

]ges ngkptdr es mdsnreiebl tgd adtgoms krd usebl eb tgd stumy, tgd

rdsdkrng prondss eb mdtke`s, purposd oh tgd rdsdkrng, rdsdkrng

kpprokng, rdsdkrng strktdly, rdsdkrng popu`kteob kbm skap`d

sd`dnteob kbm mktk no``dnteob adtgoms, rdsdkrng vkreki`ds k`so iddb

mdsnreidm.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld D,


59/112

*dsdk&ng pgeòsopg$

Ydsdkrn! p!eòsop!y mdpdbm ob t!d >ky pdop`d t!eb= kiout to mdvdòp t!d

=bo>`dmld. Akeb`y t!d >ky pdop`d lo kiout moebl t!d stumy. /nnormebl to

^kubmdrsdt k`.43"## t!drd krd t!rdd pkrts o% t!d rdsdkrn! p!eòsop!y

posetevesa4 ebtdrprdtevesa kbm rdkèsa.

.osetevesa trkmeteob rdsdkrn!dr akeb`y mo oiNdnt kbk`yses ebtdrprdtebl no``dntdm

mktk kbm kssuad or nkb td`` >!kt t!dy d8pdredbndm. ]!drd s!ou`m id !el!`y

strunturdm adt!omoòly to %kneètktd t!d mupènkteob kbm 1ukbteky t!kt es adkbebl%u` %or t!dsd rdsdkrn! pkrtenepkbts.

3^kubmdrsdt k`.4 "##

*dkèsa es iksdm ob idèd% t!kt k rdkèty d8ests >!en! es ebmdpdbmdbt o% !uakb

t!oul!t kbm idèd%s. Et es kppèdm to stumy !uakb suiNdnts4 rdnolbe(d t!d

eaportkbnd o% ubmdrstkbmebl pdop`dCs sonek``y nobstruntdm ebtdrprdtkteobs kbm

adkbebl4 or suiNdnt rdkèty4 >et!eb t!d nobtd8t o% sdd=ebl to ubmdrstkbm sonek`

%ornds4 prondssds t!kt ebKudbnd4 pdr!kps nobstrkebs4 t!d bkturds o% pdop`dCs ved>

kbm id!kveour. 3eiem

]!es rdsdkrn! p!eòsop!y es posetevesa kbm rdkèsa idnkusd t!es rdsdkrn! to or= o% IE %or ^&A kbm k`so t!d akturety `dvd` o% IE. ]o

e`` mobd kbm %or sdakbten

%rkad>or= o% IE %or Â&s nobsemdrebl to stumyebl me7drdbt d8pdrts t!oul!t kbm

idèdvd.

*dsdk&ng kpp&okng

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld D-


60/112

]!drd krd t>o kpprokn! to nobsemdr >!db rdsdkrn!dr nobmunteob t!d rdsdkrn!4

1ukètktevd kbm 1ukbtetktevd. 32oopdr kbm ^n!ebm`dr4 "## netdm iy]kiktkikde4

"##- akby >retdr try to mdsnreid t!d me7drdbnd idt>ddb 1ukètktevd kbm

1ukbtetktevd rdsdkrn! iut t!d stktus o% t!d mestebnteob es kaieluous. 3Iryakb4

"##,.

:ukètktevd 1^ :ukbtetktevd

:ukètktevd2 ks ?kydr 3;--; sulldstdm 5 1ukètktevd rdsdkrn! krd

n!krkntdrestenk``y nobndrbdm eb t!der rdsdkrn! >et! kttdaptebl to knnurktd`y

mdsnreid4 mdnomd kbm ebtdrprdt t!d prdnesd adkbebl to pdrsob o% p!dboadbk

onnurrebl eb t!der borak` sonek` nobtd8t kbm prd)onnupedm >et! noap`d8ety4

kut!dbtenety4 nobtd8tukè(kteob. !krdm suiNdntevety o% rdsdkrn!dr kbm rdsdkrn!dm

kbm aebeae(kteob o% e`ùseob. 32kssd`` kbm ^yaob4;--*. ]!dy k`so idèdvd

1ukètktevd rdsdkrn! es `dss è=d`y to eaposd rdspdntevd k preore n`ksseet! dadrldbt t!dads kbm emeolrkp!en mdsnrepteobs. Lukètktevd

rdsdkrn! usuk``y dap!kse(ds >orms rkt!dr t!kb 1ukbteddb t!dory kbm rdsdkrn!. 3eiem

:ukbtetktevd rdsdkrn! es kssonektdm >et! k buaidr o% me7drdbt kpprokn!ds to

mktk no``dnteob. Eb soneoòly eb pkrtenu`kr4 t!d sonek` survdy es obd o% t!d akeb

adt!oms o% mktk no``dnteob >!en! daiomeds t!d %dkturds o% 1ukbtetktevd rdsdkrn!

to id d8pòrdm. ]!d survdyCs nkpknety %or ldbdrktebl 1ukbte!o =bo>b to id rdprdsdbtktevd o% k >emdr popu`kteob eb ormdr

to tdst t!doreds or !ypot!dsds !ks iddb ved>dm iy akby prknteteobdrs ks kadkbs o% nkpturebl akby o% t!d eblrdmedbts o% k snedbnd.

]!d sonek` survdy kpprokn! nobtrknts >et! d8pdreadbtk` mdselb4 >!en!

nobstetutds t!d akeb kpprokn! to mktk no``dnteob >et! t!d trkmeteobk` 1ukbtetktevd

rdsdkrn! eb sonek` psyn!oòly. 3Iryakb4 ;-,,. d k`so skem t!kt 1ukbtetktevd

rdsdkrn! nkb id nobstrudm ks rdsdkrn! strktdly t!kt dap!kse(ds 1ukbte


61/112

Ydsdkrn! kpprokn! es eaportkbt idnkusd et es novdrebl t!d kbs>dr o% t!d rdsdkrn!

1udsteob. Iksdm ob t!d stumy eb t!d rdsdkrn! es nobsemdrebl k noaiebdm adt!om

%or t!es rdsdkrn! kpprokn!. Et es ukbtetktevd idnkusd to kbs>drebl t!d 1udsteob

t!d akturety `dvd` o% IE !drd bddms to lo t!roul! k survdy >et! strunturdm

1udsteobbkerds. /bm k`so ukètktevdidnkusd o% to or= o%

IE bddm mo èirkry stumeds4 rdved> vkreous rdport kiout %rkad>or=4 rdved>ebl

rdsdkrn!ds kbm k`so ebtdrved>dm d8pdrts kbm akbkldrs.

Mdmuntevd 1^ Ebmuntevd

/nnormebl to ^kubmdrsdt k`.43"## t!drd krd t>o rdsdkrn! kpprokn!ds obd es

mdmuntevd kpprokn! eb >!en! nkb mdvdòp k t!dory kbm !ypot!dses kbm tdst t!d

!ypot!dses kbot!dr obd es ebmuntevd kpprokn! eb >!en! >ou`m no``dnt t!d mktk4

mdvdòp k t!dory %roa rdsu`t o% mktk kbk`yses.

Mdmuntevd rdsdkrn! es k 5stumy eb >!en! k nobndptuk` kbm t!dordtenk` strunturd

es mdvdòpdm t!db tdstdm iy daperenk` oisdrvkteob4 t!us pkrtenu`kr ebstkbnds kbm

mdmundm %roa ldbdrk` eb%drdbnds. ?or t!es rdksob t!d mdmuntevd adt!om es

rd%drrdm to ks aovebl %roa t!d ldbdrk` to pkrtenu`kr. ?or d8kap`d >d aky !kvd

rdkm kiout aotevkteob kbm >es! to tdst eb our >or= p`knd0.32o`ès kbm ussy4

;--

Mdmuntevd rdsdkrn! es k mdvdòpadbt o% t!dory t!kt es suiNdntdm to k relorous

tdst. Yoisob 3;-- mrk> t!d


62/112

elu&d 5496 ]!d stdps o% mdmuntevd /pprokn!

Ebmuntevd rdsdkrn! es k stumy eb >!en! 5t!dory es mdvdòpdm %roa t!d

oisdrvkteob o% daperenk` rdkèty4 t!us ldbdrk` ebtdr%drdbnds krd ebmundm %roa

pkrtenu`kr ebstkbnds4 >!en! es t!d rdvdrsd o% t!d mdmuntevd adt!oms.0 32o`ès kbm

ussy4 ;--

]!es stumy es %o`ò>ebl t!d mdmuntevd adt!oms. Idnkusd !drd k`rdkmy stkrt %roa

d8estebl t!doreds kbm `ktdr iy t!d tdstebl t!doreds >et! no``dntdm mktk kbm

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld :"


63/112

oisdrvd t!da kbm nkb mrk> k `olenk` nobn`useob. /`so t!drd >e`` id no``dntebl

mktk %roa me7drdbt E] d8pdrt %roa me7drdbt orlkbe(kteob t!db iy t!d no``dntdm

mktk >e`` mo kbk`yses kbm


64/112

^t&ktdl$ oh &dsdk&ng

Ydsdkrn! strktdly es ldbdrk``y k p`kb kiout !o> to kbs>dr t!d rdsdkrn!

1udsteob. ]!drd krd me7drdbt rdsdkrn! strktdleds e=d d8pdreadbt4 survdy4 nksd

stumy4 lroubmdm t!dory4 dt!bolrkp!y4 knteob rdsdkrn!4 nross)sdnteobk` stumeds4

kbm òbletumebk` stumeds. ^kubmdrs dt k`.43"##

/nnormebl to t!d rdsdkrn! 1udsteob >!en! es stkrt >et! 9!ktC es borak``y ebmenktd

t!d survdy strktdly. Iut idnkusd o% t!d tead nobstrkebdm knnormebl to t!d

rdsdkrn! 1udsteob kbm adt!oms kbm sournds o% no``dntebl mktk et es n!oosebl

2ross)sdnteobk` stumeds. Et supports iot! 1ukbtetktevd kbm 1ukètktevd adt!oms

kbm idnkusd o% èaetkteob o% tead >!en! t!d stumy n!oosds %or t!es rdsdkrn!

prondss. ^kubmdrs dt k`.4 klrdd t!kt 5nross)sdnteobk` stumeds o%tdb dapòy t!d

survdy strktdly.0 3&kstdriy)âet! dt k`.4 "##" Yoisob4 "##" netdm iy ^kubmdrs

dt k`.4 "##

$pd oh *dsdk&ng )eks ob pu&posd

]!drd krd sdvdrk` typds o% rdsdkrn!. eb sulldstdm %or ldbdrk` kpprokn! to

mdselbebl nksd stumy kbm t!drd >ks k`so rdnoaadbmdm %or d8pòrktory4

mdsnreptevd kbm d8p`kbktory nksd stumedm. 3eb4 ;-- netdm iy$aet4 "##D

D-pò&kto&$ rdsdkrn! es usd to ubmdrstkbmebl k bd> proi`da kbm promunds k

!ypot!dses4 et es aord Kd8ei`d. Eb d8pòrktory rdsdkrn! ebvo`vd nksd stumeds4 mktk

no``dnteob4 or=4 ks=ebl 1udsteob to mdor= o% stumeds s!ou`m id nrdktdm id%ord t!d tead. 3$aet4 "##D

^kubmdrsdt k`.43"## nobsemdr d8pòrktory rdsdkrn! es k sdkrn! o% ètdrkturd4

tk`=ebl to d8pdrts eb t!kt suiNdnt kbm nobmuntebl %onus lroup ebtdrved>s.

!kure idèdvds >!db t!d proi`da o% rdsdkrn! poor`y ubmdrstoom t!db to

ebvdstelktd t!kt d8pòrktory es knnurktd. Eb d8pòrktory4 t!d rdsdkrn!dr aky !ks

suspdnt t!db !d nkb tk=d !d`ps %roa soad d8pdreadbts >!drd potdbtek` nkusd

nou`m id d8kaebdm4 et es adkb d8pdreadbt k`so nkb usd eb d8pòrktory. 3!kure

kbm rob!kul4 "##D. ]!d aost ldbdrk` emdk o% d8pòrktory es stumy4 d8kaebd4

kkbk`y(d or ebvdstelktd soadt!ebl ieksdm ob poor ubmdrstkbmebl. 3^tdiiebs4

"##;.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld :*


65/112

Mdsn&eptevd2 ebmdsnreptevd nksd stumy rd%dr t!d rdsdkrn! aust stkrt >et!

mdsnreptevd t!dory4 or !kbm`d t!d proi`da >!en! >e`` onnur murebl t!d proNdnt. Et

aust novdr eb mdpt! kbm snopd ubmdr t!d stumy. 3$aet4 "##D. !kure idèdvds

t!kt t!d =dy n!krkntdrestens o% mdsnreptevd rdsdkrn! 5strunturd4 prdnesd ru`ds4 kbm

prondmurd0 >!en! s!ou`m id akebtkebdm eb >or=. ]!es stumy aky >or= >et! obd or

aord vkreki`ds. 3!kure kbm rob!kul4"##D.

[e=aubm4 3"### idèdvds t!d aost eaportkbt t!ebl o% t!es rdsdkrn! es knnurkny.

+b t!d ot!dr !kbm k`so nob%usebl drror nkbbot id rdaovdm noap`dtd`y4 k loom

rdsdkrn! k`>kys strull`d %or mdsnreptevd relour. Et borak``y tk=db iksdm ob soad

prdveous ubmdrstkbmebl kbm =bo>`dmld o% t!d typd o% t!d proi`da. 3[e=aubm

"### netdm iy ]kiktkikde4"##-.

D-p`kbkto&$ es akeb`y suetki`d %or nksuk` stumeds4 akby kut!or rdprdsdbt es k

nksuk` rdsdkrn!. $aet3"##D skem 5Eb vdry noap`d8 kbm au`tevkrektd nksds4 t!d

kbk`yses nkb ak=d usd o% pkttdrb)aktn!ebl tdn!be1uds.0 ]!d akeb tks= o% t!es

rdsdkrn! krd eso`ktdm t!d nkusd kbm !kt `dvd` o% nkusd4 rdsu`t eb d7dnt.

]!d ro`d o% t!es rdsdkrn! es emdbte%y t!d proi`da4 rkesebl 1udsteob4 emdbte%y %kntors

kbm rd`kteobs!ep4 ubmdrstkbm kbm oisdrvkteob mktk4 kmvkbnd d8p`kbkteobs.

3!kure kbm rob!kul4"##D

urposd o% t!es stumy es nobsemdrdm mdsnreptevd. Idnkusd et rdèdm aord ob

vkreki`ds kbm aomd`s. ]!es rdsdkrn! ebtdbmdm to mdsnreid t!d idst %rkad>or=

kbm akturety `dvd` o% IE %or t!d Â&s.

*dsdk&ng Mdselb

Ydsdkrn! mdselb >or=ebl è=d k lùd >!en! !o`ms t!d rdsdkrn! proNdnt Noebt`y.

Ydsdkrn! mdselb akeb`y usdm to ak=d k strunturd t!d rdsdkrn! to s!o> !o> k``

t!d akeb pkrts o% t!d rdsdkrn! è=d t!d lroups4 adksurds4 prolrkas4 kbm

adt!oms >or=ebl toldt!dr to kbs>dr t!d rdsdkrn! 1udsteob. ]!drd krd t!rdd

typds o% rdsdkrn! mdselb iksdm ob t>o 1udsteobs è=d es t!drd rkbmoa ksselbadbt

usdmH /bm es t!drd es k nobtro` lroup or au`tep`d adksurdsH C]ron!ea4 "##:N

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld :D


66/112

elu&d 5496 ]!d ]ypds o% Ydsdkrn! Mdselb tk=db %roa&ongea2 3"#;#

/nnormebl to o sdnteob obd

es mesnrdtd kbot!dr obd es nobtebuous 1ukbtetktevd vkreki`ds.

Ebmdpdbmdbtvkreki`d es t!d vkreki`ds t!kt nkb id akbepu`ktdm to prdment t!d

vkùds o% t!d mdpdbmdbt vkreki`ds.

Mdpdbmdbtvkreki`d es t!d vkreki`ds >!osd vkùd es prdmktdm iy t!d

ebmdpdbmdbt vkreki`d.

(obhoubmebl vk&ek)`des obd >!en! oisnurds t!d d7dnt o% kbot!dr %or

d8kap`d4 t!d bovd`ty %or dapòydd to idebl t!d ndbtrd o% kttdbteob iy t!d

rdsdkrn!dr or >or=ebl eb kb ub%kaeèkr p`knd.

Eb t!es rdsdkrn! kn1uerebl4 kbk`y(ebl kbm tk=d knteob iksdm ob mktk es nobsemdr

ebmdpdbmdbt vkreki`d kbm akturety o% IE es mdpdbmdbt vkreki`d.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ::


67/112

?kntors 2obstrunt/n1uerebl t!d mktk Mktk kt!drebl

Mktk &8trknteob

Mktk ]rkbs%orakteob Mktk 2`dkbsebl

Mktk ^torkld

Mktk 9krd!ousd/bk`y(d t!d mktk Ydportebl kbm mks!iokrm

+'/

+']

Mktk Aebebl]k=d knteob iksdm ob mktk Iusebdss trktdleds

k)`d 54=6 Gkreki`ds o% Ydsdkrn!

Adtgoms kbm &dsou&nds oh mktk no``dnteob

]!d mktk nou`m id preakry >!en! no``dnt ob`y to sdrvd t!d spdne!en! >ks no``dntdm

id%ord %or kbot!dr purposd. ]!drd krd %d> adt!oms t!kt es usd %or no``dntebl mktk

sun! ks survdys4 sdae strunturdmFubstrunturdm ebtdrved>s4 %onus lroup4

oisdrvkteob kbm !estorenk` rdsdkrn! dtn. ]!dsd nou`m id usd to no``dnt iot!

1ukètktevd kbm 1ukbtetktevd mktk. 3/8ebb kbm dkrnd4"##:

Eb t!es rdsdkrn! to no``dntebl 1ukbtetktevd mktk 1udsteobbkerds es nobsemdrdm ks k

mktk no``dnteob ebstruadbt kbm to ebtdrved> kbm %onus lroup usdm %or 1ukètktevd

mktk.

:udsteobbke&ds']!es es vdry noaaob mktk no``dnteob adt!om. Iut t!d lrdktdst

usd o% 1udsteobbkerds es akmd iy t!d survdy strktdly. Ludsteobbkerds nkb id

usdm %or mdsnreptevd rdsdkrn! t!kt es ubmdrtk=db usebl kttetumd kbm opebeob1udsteobbkerds kbm 1udsteobbkerds o% orlkbe(kteobk` prkntend t!kt dbki`d to

emdbte%y t!d vkrekieèty eb me7drdbt p!dboadbk. drd t!d mdselb o% 1udsteobbkerds

k7dnts t!d rdspobsd rktd4 rdèkieèty kbm t!d vkèmety o% t!d mktk no``dnteob. Eb t!es

nksd t!d %o`ò>ebl iksen ru`ds nkb id kppèdm.

2krd%u` mdselb o% ebmevemuk` 1udsteob

2`dkr `kyout o% t!d 1udsteobbkerds %ora

'olenk` d8p`kbkteob o% t!d purposd o% 1udsteobbkerds

eòt tdstebl Yel!t p`kb to d8dnutd t!d kmaebestrkteob 3^kubmdrs dt k`.4 "##



68/112

onus l&oup borak``y kssonektdm >et! p!dboadbk adt!om. ]!dy krd usdm to

lkt!dr mktk rd`ktebl to t!d %ddèbl kbm opebeob o% k pkrtenu`kr lroup rd`ktdm >et!

t!d stumy >!o krd ebvo`vd eb noaaob setukteob. 32o`ès kbm ussy4 ;--

?onus lroup tk=ds akby n!krkntdrestens o% t!d ebtdrved> noaaob`y t!drd krdakby ebtdrved>drs rkt!dr t!kb obd. ]!d ebtdrved>dr tk=ds t!d ro`d o% %kneètktor

kbm t!dy mesnuss kiout t!d setukteob. /`so t!dy rdakr= t!d opebeob4 rdnorm t!d

mesnusseob kbm ak=d k nobnùseob knnormebl to tead. 3^kubmdrs dt k`.4 "##

]!drd%ord me7drdbt admek sun! ks td`dp!obd4 obèbd nob%drdbnds4 or eb k rooa

t!kt nou`m id usdm %or %onus lroup mesnusseob.

Eb mdptg Ebtd&ved%s' /b ebtdrved> es k pdrsestdbt mesnusseob idt>ddb kt `dkst

t>o or aord pdop`d. 3J!kb kbm 2kbbd``4 ;-D netdm iy ^kubmdrs dt k`.4 "## Eb

mktk lkt!drebl iy ebtdrved> adt!om et nkb lkt!dr vkèm4 rdèki`d4 kbm rd`dvkbt

mktk knnormebl to t!es stumy. Eb mdpt! ebtdrved> es borak``y aord strunturdm kbm

usd 1udsteobbkerds iksdm ob prdmdtdraebdm 1udsteob. 3eiem

Ebtdrved> aky nobmunt obd)to)obd idt>ddb rdsdkrn!drs kbm pkrtenepkbt. ]!dsd

=ebms o% ebtdrved>s krd borak``y nobmuntdm iy addtebl >et! t!d pkrtenepkbt hkndF

toFhknd. Iut e% !drd bddm to tk=d k td`dp!obd ebtdrved> es k`so obd)to)obd. Eb

%knd)to)%knd ebtdrved> !ks t!d !el!dst rdspobsd rktd kbm !drd rdsdkrn!dr nkbn`kre%y t!d kaieluous kbs>drs. 3eiem

Eb t!es rdsdkrn! to rdnorm t!d mktk E ka usebl to systda obd es botd tkebl kbm

kbot!dr es voend &dno&mebl4 Eb t!es >ky E nkb orlkbe(d t!d mktk kbm `dss n!kbnd

to òsd t!d mktk. ]!drd es k`so k n!kbnd to ae8 up t!d mktk %roa me7drdbt

ebtdrved>s kbm aky idnkusd o% s!ort o% tead soadtead dvdb bot possei`d to

noap`dtd t!d botd so voend rdnormebl >e`` promund t!d rdèki`d mktk %or kbk`yses.

3eiem

^tktestenk` popu`kteob oh &dsdk&ng

/nnormebl to rdsdkrn! 1udsteob !drd bddm to et!. ]o

ieks ob t!d skapèbl emdk et nou`m sky et es eapossei`d kbm eaprkntenk` to mdk`

>et! >!o`d popu`kteob t!osd >!o krd eb noaaob setukteob. ^ystdakten skapèbl

eb sonek` snedbnd t!d popu`kteob es mevemdm iy t!d rd1uerd skap`d se(d 3b t!d

skap`d n!osd iy tk=ebl dvdry bt!C. 32o`ès kbm ussy4;--

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld :,


69/112

]!d %u`` sdt o% nksds %roa >!en! k skap`d es tk=db es nk``dm popu`kteob. Eb

skapèbl popu`kteob es bot usdm eb borak` sdbsd4 ks t!d %u`` sdt o% nksds bddm bot

bdndsskre`y id pdop`d. 3^kubmdrs dt k`.4 "##

]!d stktestenk` popu`kteob o% t!es rdsdkrn! es sak`` kbm admeua orlkbe(kteobakeb`y eb 'obmob kbm Ikbl`kmds!.

Yo> Bkad; dop`d kbm p`kbdt" 9or`m mdvdòpadbt aovdadbt Mdvdòpadbt &munkteob /ssonekteob* +bd 9or`m 9dd=D kpdr %or /``: 9or`m />krd 9or`m tumeds truts, /abdsty Ebtdrbkteobk` $J - ]o`drkbnd Ebtdrbkteobk`;# Ikrobe;; Gentorybo8;" Yevdr Es`kbm; 9 aet!;* ^tkbmkrm Ikb= 'tm Ikbl`kmds!;D Ikb= o% /sek Ikbl`kmds!;: Mutn! Ikbl`k Ikb= 'tm Ikbl`kmds!; &kstdrb ikb= 'tm Ikbl`kmds!

Bkad;, M!k=k ikb= 'tm Ikbl`kmds!;- Î2 Ikb= Ikbl`kmds!"# ]!d 2ety Ikb= 'tm Ikbl`kmds!"; IY/2J Ikb= 'tm Ikbl`kmds!"" &8nd`` Iusebdss ystdas 'tm" Aenrotevd 'tm"* /; port"D 'obmob Adtropoètkb $bevdrsety

k)`d 54?6 opu`kteob o% rdsdkrn!

Adtgoms oh skapèbl

/nnormebl to ^kubmdrs dt k`.4 3"## t!drd krd t>o skapèbl adt!oms proikieèty

kbm bob)proikieèty.

.&o)k)eèt$' roikieèty skapèbl es aost noaaob`y kssonektdm >et! survdy

iksdm rdsdkrn!. 9!drd bddm to ak=d kb eb%drdbnd %roa skap`d kiout k

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld :-


70/112

popu`kteob to kbs>dr t!d rdsdkrn! 1udsteob. 3^kubmdrs dt k`.4 "## ]!es adt!om

akeb`y usd %or rkbmoa skap`ebl to


71/112

*dsdk&ng p&ondss

Ydsdkrn! prondss %or t!es rdsdkrn! mdselb eb %d> akNor p!ksds eb t!d


72/112

.gksd /']!es es t!d `etdrkturd rdved>ebl pkrt. drd et !km k irokm stumy

kiout t!d proi`da kbm !estorenk` eb%orakteob4 prdsdt setukteob4 aomd`s4 dtn

elu&d 549"6 !ksd ; ?`o> n!krt

.gksd 9' drd akeb`y


73/112

elu&d 54536 !ksd " ?`o> n!krt

.gksd 5']!es es t!d mktk lkt!drebl pkrt !drd es lkt!drebl t!d mktk %or

messdrtkteob.



74/112

elu&d 545/6 !ksd ?`o> n!krt

.gksd =' Eb t!es p!ksd rdsdkrn! es moebl t!d kbk`yses o% lkt!drebl mktk

kbm %roa !drd try to dr o% t!d rdsdkrn! 1udsteob.



75/112

elu&d 54596 !ksd * ?`o> n!krt



76/112

(gkptd& = Mktk Kbk`$ses

Ebtromunteob

]ges ngkptdr we`` prdsdbt mktk wgeng gks iddb no``dntdm iy

qukbtetktevd survdy kbm qukètktevd ebtdrvedw kbm rdports

hroa medrdbt sournds. Herst mdsnreptevd mktk we`` prdsdbt tgdb

we`` adksurd tgd rdèkieèty kbm vkèmety oh qudsteobbkerds.



77/112

Mdsn&eptevd tktestens

drd t!d stumy nobsemdrs rdspobmdrCs n!krkntdrs t!kt krd sd84 kld kbm dmunkteob

eb t!d ^A&s.

*dspobmd&Ls (gk&kntd&estens

Ydspobmdrs ^d!

Et es s!o>b %roa t!d meklrka t!drd krd ,#@ es ak`d kbm "#@ es %dak`d

elu&d =4556YdspobmdrCs sd8) mdsnreptevd stktestens



78/112

Mdsnreptevd tktestens

^tktesten

Iootstrkpk

Ieks ^tm. Drror 53% Nobhemdbnd Ebtdrvk`

@owdr Tppdr

XKY33339 ! 3 3 ! !

Ykb"d 5.33

#ebe$$ !.33

#k&e$$ '9.33

^$ 9(.33

#dkb ).!!!! .!*+, 9.()'' !.)**3 '9.3333

^tm. -dvekteob *.,9()9 '.)+)'! 9.933'! .33333 (.'5+'(

Xkrekbnd 99.!!! 5.(93 '9.'** .333 9,.333

Xk`em /`estwesd ! 3 3 ! !

k. Tb`dss ot;drwesd botdm >ootstrkp rds`ts krd >ksdm ob 9( >ootstrkp sk$p`ds

k)`d =46 YdspobmdrCs sd8) mdsnreptevd stktestens

Ydspobmdrs "ld

drd et es s!o>s t!kt t!d rkbld o% kld t!drd >krd *,.##@ >drd eb rkbld #)*#.

elu&d =45=6 YdspobmdrCs kld) mdsnreptevd stktestens



79/112


^tktesten

Iootstrkpk

Ieks ^tm. Drror

53% Nobhemdbnd Ebtdrvk`

@owdr Tppdr

XKY33339 ! 3 3 ! !

Ykb"d 5.33

#ebe$$ !.33

#k&e$$ '9.33

^$ 9(.33

#dkb ).!!!! .!*+, 9.()'' !.)**3 '9.3333

^tm. -dvekteob *.,9()9 '.)+)'! 9.933'! .33333 (.'5+'(

Xkrekbnd 99.!!! 5.(93 '9.'** .333 9,.333



k)`d =46 YdspobmdrCs kld) mdsnreptevd stktestens

Ydspobmdrs Dmunkteob

elu&d =45?6 YdspobmdrCs dmunkteob) mdsnreptevd stktestens

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld -


80/112


^tktesten

Iootstrkpk

Ieks ^tm. Drror


@owdr Tppdr

=drsob ! 3 3 ! !

Ykb"d ,.33

#ebe$$ (.33

#k&e$$ '9.33

^$ 9(.33

#dkb ).!!!! .35!! '.!3,' +.3333 '3.+++,

^tm. -dvekteob !.('')) .(+',* '.3,(95 .+9+*) *.3*'*(

Xkrekbnd '9.!!! 9.(93 (.*)' '.3)( '+.!!!



k)`d =4!YdspobmdrCs dmunkteob) mdsnreptevd stktestens

Ydspobmdrs #oseteob

elu&d =456 YdspobmdrCs poseteob) mdsnreptevd stktestens

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ,#


81/112


^tktesten

Iootstrkpk

Ieks ^tm. Drror


@owdr Tppdr

XKY3333! 9 3 3 9 9

Ykb"d '(.33

#ebe$$ (.33

#k&e$$ 93.33

^$ 9(.33

#dkb '9.(333 .!333 (.(''* (.3333 93.3333

^tm. -dvekteob '3.+3++3 (.('(*! (.*3)!! .33333 '3.+3++3

Xkrekbnd ''9.(33 ().(33 (,.!+* .333 ''9.(33

Xkèm /èstwesd 9 3 3 9 9


k)`d =4"6 YdspobmdrCs poseteob) mdsnreptevd stktestens

Opd&kteobk` adksu&ds oh 1k&ek)`ds

drd t!d stumy nobsemdrs ;; nobstrunts t!kt rdprdsdbtdm ebmevemuk`

n!krkntdrestens o% Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd `dvd`. Et es s!o>b eb t!d tki`d.

]!d stumy es usebl 2AAE aomd` >!drd #)D4


82/112

Mdselbebl kbm mdvdòpebl udsteobbke&ds

]!d bkturd o% t!es rdsdkrn! 1udsteob es mdsnreptevd survdy kbm 1ukbtetktevd

oisdrvkteob krd t!d nord tdn!be1ud o% t!d mdsnreptevd rdsdkrn!. ]o adksurd t!d IEakturety `dvd` o% Â&s k survdy es prd%drki`d. Ludsteobbkerds >or=s idttdr >et!

stkbmkrmesdm 1udsteob t!kt >e`` id ebtdrprdtdm t!d skad >ky iy k`` rdspobmdrs.

3Yoisob4 "##" netdm iy ^kubmdrs dt k`.4 "##

Ludsteobbkerds krd mdselbdm t!d iksdm ob t!d IE %ubnteobkèteds. &8pdrts k`so

rdvesdm t!d 1udsteobs kbm akmd soad n!kbld.

1kèmet$ kbm &dèk)eèt$ oh Adksu&dadbt too`s

Adksurdadbt too` adkbs >!en! krd usebl to no``dnt kbm rdnorm t!d eb%orakteob eb

t!d rdsdkrn! tead. ]!drd krd t>o akNor essuds nou`m id nobsemdrdm !drd !en! support ebtdrved> kbm 1udsteobbkerds. 3]ron!ea4 "##:

*dèk)eèt$ Adksu&dadbt too`

Ydèkieèty adkbs nobsestdbny or rdpdktkieèty. Ydèkieèty eb t!d rdsdkrn! es t!d

skad drd rdpdktdm. Eb t!d 1ukbtetktevd

rdsdkrn! rdèkieèty es t!d nobsestdbny o% t!d rdsu`ts kbm strdblt! o% t!d

adksurdadbt. 3âk`ìobd kbm Luebtob4"##*

Eb rdsdkrn! knnormebl to ]ron!ea 3"##: t!d akNor rdèkieèty dsteaktors krd ebtdr)

oisdrvdr rdèkieèty4 pkrk``d`)%ora rdèkieèty4 tdst)rdtdst rdèkieèty4 ebtdrbk`

nobsestdbny rdèkieèty. ]!drd krd k`so akby vdrety to adksurd ebtdrbk`

nobsestdbny è=d kvdrkld ebtdr etda norrd`kteob4 kvdrkld etda totk` norrd`kteob4spèt)!k`% rdèkieèty4 2robikn!Cs k`p!k. 2robikn!Cs k`p!k es t!d aost popu`kr to

adksurd t!d ebtdrbk` nobsestdbny. drd k`so usebl 2robikn!Cs k`p!k adt!oms %or

to kssds t!d rdèkieèty o% 1udsteobbkerds.

Et >ks tdstdm t>o tead4 ks tdstdm >!db ;" 1udsteobbkerds drs. ]!db t!d 1udsteobbkerds rdsdbm t!da klkeb kbm no``dnt kbm

nk`nu`ktd klkeb t!d 2robikn!Cs k`p!k.

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ,"


83/112

(obst&unt e&st dst ^dnobm dstMktk ktgd&ebl 34=5 34=5Mktk D-t&knteob 34!/? 34!/?

Mktk &kbsho&akteob 345= 345=Mktk n`dkbsebl 34!=3 34!=3Mktk sto&kld 343" 343"Mktk %k&dgousd 343 343*dpo&tebl kbm

mksg)ok&m

34!3 34!3

O,. 34" 34"O,K. 34!/ 34!/Mktk aebebl 34!5? 34!5?Iusebdss t&ktdlest 345 345

k)`d =4//'2robikn!Cs /`p!k

1kèmet$ Adksu&dadbt too`

/nnormebl to ^kubmdrsdt k` 3"## t!d purposd o% peòt tdst to rde`` !kvd bo proi`da to kbs>dr t!d

1udsteobbkerd. d skem kiout t>o adt!oms obd es %knd vkèmety kbot!dr obd es

nobtdbt vkèmety.]ron!ea3"##: k`so skem >d !kvd to nobndrb !o> >d`` >d mem our

trkbs`kteob !d k`so support %knd kbm nobtdbt vkèmety %or trkbs`kteob.

Hknd $kèmety%

/nnormebl to]ron!ea3"##: Eb hknd vkèmet$4 you òo= kt t!d opdrkteob kbm sdd

>!dt!dr Tob ets %kndT et sddas è=d k loom trkbs`kteob o% t!d nobstrunt. ]!es es

proiki`y t!d >dk=dst >ky to try to mdaobstrktd nobstrunt vkèmety.C ?knd vkèmety

kntuk``y to n!dn= t!d nobstrunt iy soad ldbdrk` pdop`d or soad rdspobmdrs e%

t!dy %dd` et es o= kbm kbs>drki`d t!db kt `dkst ldt kb emdk t!kt et es vkèm. ô4soad ikb= n`dr=s >drd ks=dm kbm rdtke` kssestkbnd 3;# drsob t!dy krd bot E]

d8pdrts t!roul! t!dy nkb ubmdrstkbm or bot k%tdr t!kt t!d 1udsteobbkerds akmd

soad n!kbld è=d et >retd iet mdtke`s kiout t!d 1udsteob.

&obtdbt $kèmety%

/nnormebl to]ron!ea3"##: Eb nobtdbt vkèmet$4 you dssdbtek``y n!dn= t!d

opdrkteob klkebst t!d rd`dvkbt nobtdbt moakeb %or t!d nobstrunt. ]!es kpprokn!

kssuads t!kt you !kvd k loom mdtke`dm mdsnrepteob o% t!d nobtdbt moakeb4

soadt!ebl t!kt es bot k`>kys trud.C ]!es es vdry eaportkbt pkrt o% t!d dstkiès!



84/112

1udsteobbkerds t!es 1udsteobbkerds n!dn= iy t!d rdsdkrn! supdrvesor kbm E]

d8pdrts o% &8nd`` Iusebdss roup 'obmob kbm ^tkbmkrm kbm Mutn! Ikbl`k ikb= o%

Ikbl`kmds!.

1d&e;nkteob oh Aomd`Bo> stumy es loebl to pdr%ora tdst eb t>o stklds4 e`` ddb t!d noapobdbts. Eb t!d aomd` t!drd krd totk`

d`dvdb noapobdbts eb t!rdd nktdloreds. Et es eovebk((oCs aomd` >!en! es Ko>ebl

et es k vkèm aomd` >!en! >ks s!o>b eb t!d ètdrkturd rdved>. ?kntor kbk`yses

n!oosds ks k too` to stumy. Eb sdnobm stkld et es loebl to tdst kbm sdd to >!en!

`dvd` t!d aomd` >or= >et! d`dvdb noapobdbts4 %roa d8p`keb t!d vkrekieèty o% t!d

mdpdbmdbt vkreki`d4 iusebdss ebtd`èldbnd. ?or t!es stumy >e`` usd rdlrdsseob

tdn!be1ud. ]!d rdsu`ts o% %kntor kbk`yses krd mobd iy usebl EIA ^^^ so%t>krd

Noaaubkètedsk

Ebetek` D&trknteob

-ktk 4kt;dreb" '.333 .535

-ktk D&trknteob '.333 .)',

-ktk 8rkbshor$kteob '.333 .,*5

-ktk n`dkbseb" '.333 .5!'

-ktk stork"d '.333 .5,+

-ktk wkrd;osd '.333 .5',

Ydporteb" kbm mks;>okrm '.333 .5,+


85/112

k)`d =4/5']otk` Gkrekbnd &8p`kebdm

elu&d =45'^nrdd `ot

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ,D


86/112

^nrdd pòt ks et es s!o>b. drd buaidrs o% %kntor krd t!rdd. ?or rotkteob adt!oms

et usdm Gkreak8 adt!om. Et s!o>s t!d %kntor òkmebl t!d vkreki`ds. Idò> eb

kbot!dr


87/112


88/112

.&dmenteob k)eèt$ tdst oh tgd aomd`

Bo> stumy es loebl to tdst t!d rdlrdsseob kbk`yses %or tdstebl t!d prdmenteob

kieèty o% t!d aomd`. drd t!d stumy !ks t!rdd ebmdpdbmdbt vkreki`ds kbm obdmdpdbmdbt vkreki`d >!en! es Iusebdss Ebtd`èldbnd.


#dkb ^tm. -dvekteob

Isebdss Ebtd`è"dbnd *(.3333 !9.'**9' 9(

Kn0ereb" t;d mktk 9+.+*33 '+.!+9,+ 9(

Kbk`:d t;d mktk '*.*333 '!.93!(! 9(

8k1d knteob >ksdm ob mktk !.5+33 !.3!*9( 9(

k)`d =4/?Mdsnreptevd ^tktestens Aomd`

Aomd` ûaakr%

#omd`

Y Y 0krd

Km2stdm Y

^0krd

^tm. Drror oh

t;d Dste$ktd

N;kb"d tktestens

Y ^0krd

N;kb"d ? N;kb"d mh' mh9

ê". ?

N;kb"d

me$dbseob3

' '.333k '.333 '.333 .33333 '.333 . ! 9' .

k. =rdmentors7 /Nobstkbt 8k1d knteob >ksdm ob mktk Kbk`:d t;d mktk Kn0ereb" t;d mktk

>. -dpdbmdbt Xkrek>`d7 Isebdss Ebtd`è"dbnd

k)`d =4/'ûaakry o% t!d Aomd`

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ,,


89/112

&'()&i

#omd` ^$ oh ^0krds -h #dkb ^0krd ?

' Yd"rdsseob 9*,5).333 ! )9++.333 .

Ydsemk` .333 9' .333

8otk` 9*,5).333 9*

k. =rdmentors7 /Nobstkbt 8k1d knteob >ksdm ob mktk Kbk`:d t;d mktk Kn0ereb" t;d mktk

>. -dpdbmdbt Xkrek>`d7 Isebdss Ebtd`è"dbnd

Nod**enedbtsk

#omd`

Tbstkbmkrme:dm

Nodhhenedbts

^tkbmkrme:d

m

Nodhhenedbts

t ê".

53.3% Nobhemdbnd Ebtdrvk`

hor I

I ^tm. Drror Idtk

@owdr

Iobm

Tppdr

Iobm

me$dbseob3

'

me$dbseob'

/Nobstkbt '.9(+D'! .333 . . .333 .333

Kn0ereb" t;d mktk '.333 .333 .(35 . . '.333 '.333

Kbk`:d t;d mktk '.333 .333 .*'' . . '.333 '.333

8k1d knteob >ksdm

ob mktk

'.333 .333 .35* . . '.333 '.333

k. -dpdbmdbt Xkrek>`d7 Isebdss Ebtd`è"dbnd

k)`d =4/'^tktestenk` Aomd` ]dstebl

elu&d =45"^nkttdr òt

AM Eatek( $mmou` k)##*"A^+]#,#- kld ,-


90/112

Eb aomd` suaakry tki`d s!o>s t!d vkùd o% kmNustdm r s1ukrd es ; >!en! es

nobsemdrdm kb knndptki`d vkùd. Eb t!d prondss et >ks tredm idst ks possei`d to

ak=d t!d ebtdrved> >d`` ubmdrstkbm to dvdryiomy %roa t!d nobndpt o% Iusebdss

Ebtd`èldbnd.

Kbk`$ses kbm &dsu`t

?or mktk lkt!drebl !drd et usdm k strunturdm 1udsteobbkerd >!en! k`so vdreebl idò> bo> stumy bddms

to


91/112

Ebnoap`dtd6 Bot!ebl eb prondss or bot pdr%oradm kby prondss. 3 ]!d vkùd

es idt>ddb #)#.D ebtdrvk` Ebetek`6 rondss poor`y nobtro``dm4 t!oul!t`dss kbm errdlu`kr. 3]!d vkùd es

idt>ddb #.D);.D ebtdrvk`

Akbkldm6 rondss %or kb ebmevemuk` proNdnt kbm lroup. Et es o%tdb errdlu`kr.3]!d vkùd es idt>ddb ;.D)".D ebtdrvk`

Mdddb ".D).D ebtdrvk` Lukbtetktevd`y akbkldm6 rondss es nobtro``dm4 usebl stktestenk` kbm

pdr%orakbnd adksurdm. 3]!d vkùd es idt>ddb .D)*.D ebtdrvk` +pteae(dm6 2obtebuous`y eaprovdadbt o% prondss kbm %onus ob iusebdss

oiNdntevd. 3]!d vkùd es idt>ddb *.D)D ebtdrvk`

Eb t!d 1udsteobbkerd >!drd et usd #)D snk`d >!en! %roa t!d 2AAE nkpkieèty kbmakturety aomd` %roa !drd et nkb

8/10/2019 Business Intellige

business intelligence and smes

Documents