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TRANSCRIPT
2018 Business Feasibility Investigation
for Overseas Deployment of High Quality Energy
Infrastructure Technology
(An Investigation into Feasibility
of Overseas Infrastructure Technology Transfer
by Our Country’s Companies)
Business Feasibility Investigation
into Exporting Infrastructure Technology
Backed by Cooperation between Manufacturers
and Utilities in Power Transmission O&M Field
Survey Report
March 2019
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Contractor: Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
2
Preface
This report summarizes the results of 2018 business feasibility investigation for overseas
deployment of high quality energy infrastructure technology (An investigation into feasibility of
Overseas Infrastructure Technology Transfer by Our Country’s Companies).
To accelerate overseas Power Transmission and Distribution business expansion in Asia, this Asian
business feasibility investigation into exporting infrastructure technology backed by cooperation, for
example, between manufacturers and utilities in power transmission operation and maintenance
(O&M) field was carried out as to a new business model that incorporates power cable
manufacturers’ sensor system technology and know-how and power utilities’ asset management and
O&M know-how for each Asian country’s electricity utility companies.
In the investigation, assuming Hong Kong, Macau and Thailand were highly in need of O&M
technology, there were numerous visits to each power utility in these countries, site facility surveys
and repeated discussions of their needs and issues while establishing relationships with them, and
elaborate O&M proposal activity executed.
Also, the report proposes strategies to build the business and extracts issues for business promotion
as a result of this effective business model of cooperation between our country’s manufacturers and
utilities as well as in accordance with the concluded needs, issues in Power Transmission and
Distribution field and the summarized power situations of these countries.
Hopefully, the report will help realize the business model of cooperation between manufacturers
and utilities, and contribute to Power Transmission and Distribution business expansion in the Asian
region.
Finally, we are truly grateful and thankful to the power utility company and all involved staff of local
subsidiaries in these countries for your corporation in the investigation.
March 2019
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
3
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Background of the Survey and Its Purpose
1.1 Background of This Survey ..................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Current Status of the Power Transmission Infrastructure Market in
the Asian Region ................................................................................. 5
1.1.2 Current Status of Overseas Business Deployment by Japanese
Companies in the Field of Power Transmission ................................. 5
1.2 Purpose of This Survey ........................................................................... 7
1.2.1 Building a Streamlined Service Model through Cooperation between
Manufacturers and Utilities ............................................................... 7
1.3 Selection of eligible countries in the investigation ........................................ 8
Chapter 2 Organization of Basic Information
2.1 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in the Target Countries . 9
2.1.1 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in Hong Kong ............ 9
2.1.2 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in Macau .................. 12
2.1.3 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in Thailand .............. 15
2.2 Power Circumstances in Neighboring Countries .................................. 16
Chapter 3 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power
Transmission Facility Design
3.1 Needs and Business Issues in Hong Kong ............................................ 18
3.1.1 Needs in Hong Kong ......................................................................... 18
3.1.2 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power Transmission
Facility Design .................................................................................. 19
3.1.3 Business Issues ................................................................................. 21
3.2 Needs and Business Issues in Macau ................................................... 23
3.2.1 Needs in Macau ................................................................................. 23
3.2.2 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power Transmission
Facility Design .................................................................................. 24
3.2.3 Business Issues ................................................................................. 24
3.3 Needs and Business Issues in Thailand ............................................... 25
4
3.3.1 Needs in Thailand ............................................................................. 25
3.3.2 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power Transmission
Facility Design .................................................................................. 26
3.3.3 Business Issues ................................................................................. 27
3.4 Business Deployment to Neighboring Countries .................................. 28
3.5 Assumed Business ................................................................................. 28
3.6 Environmental Improvement Effect ..................................................... 29
Chapter 4 Consideration on Commercialization of This
Business
4.1 Consideration on Finance ..................................................................... 30
4.2 Prospects for Utilization of Policy Support, etc. ................................... 30
4.3 Economic Analysis ................................................................................. 30
4.4 Japan’s Technical Competitiveness on the Equipment, Technology, etc.
Necessary for Commercialization of This Business .............................. 30
4.5 Achievement and Issues regarding Business Promotion ..................... 33
5
Chapter 1 Background of the Survey and Its Purpose
1.1 Background of This Survey
1.1.1 Current Status of the Power Transmission Infrastructure Market in the
Asian Region In the transmission line infrastructure market in the Asian region, Japanese electrical wire
manufacturers have traditionally demonstrated strong competitiveness with their high technological
capabilities, but in recent years due to the emergence of overseas emerging cable manufacturers,
price competition is intensifying in the AC transmission line market which is the volume zone
especially in the Asian market. In the Asian region, developing countries and semi-developed
countries with small capital resources for capital investment still have many electric power
companies that emphasize only the initial capital investment rather than the quality and reliability of
long-term power transmission facilities, and Japan electric wire manufacturers increasingly tend to
lose orders because they are subordinate in the price of transmission lines compared with overseas
emerging electric wire manufacturers. This situation has been going on over the last few years, and
the share of Japanese electric cable manufacturers in the Asian power transmission infrastructure
market has been decreasing.
On the other hand, low-priced power transmission lines of overseas emerging cable
manufacturers have improved in the quality level than before, but product troubles are still occurring
frequently, and after-sales service after product delivery or after trouble occurrence also has
incompleteness, therefore electric power companies in each country are also complaining about the
deterioration of power transmission quality. For example, we can see cases where power
transmission lines (cables) shortly after completion of construction by overseas emerging cable
manufacturers are totally replaced due to frequent troubles. In terms of quality, the transmission lines
of Japanese electric wire manufacturers should have high competitiveness in the Asian market, but
electric power companies in each country are still keeping their eyes on the initial capital investment
amount, and the transmission lines of the Japanese electric wire manufacturer are not frequently
adopted.
1.1.2 Current Status of Overseas Business Deployment by Japanese
Companies in the Field of Power Transmission Japanese electric wire manufacturers have multiple sales bases and construction bases in the
Asian region and have traditionally demonstrated strong competitiveness with their high
technological capabilities and have delivered electric wires to electric power companies in each
country. In recent years, they are also aiming at ensuring competitiveness and developing
exportation by deployment to the integrated business area of “Energy” and “IoT” which combines
electric wires with sensor technology and communication technology, etc. for maintenance and
monitoring of electric wires. However, the issue in terms of price is still serious, and in the present
situation they have not achieved overwhelming differentiation to overseas emerging electric wire
manufacturers.
In addition, in domestic electric power companies, overseas business deployment of power
transmission / distribution sectors is progressing in accordance with the change of business
environment accompanied by power system reformation. However, unlike expansion of business
through technical cooperation in the field of power generation, most of overseas business
deployment in the field of power transmission are aiming at securing earnings through equity
investment in the power transmission business in Europe and the United States, and business
deployment in the Asian region is little. In addition, the high technological capabilities related to the
facility operation of domestic electric power companies are not fully utilized. In the current
circumstances, as well as power generation field, some domestic power utility companies
aggressively put their best effort in promoting their O&M technology in Power Transmission and
Distribution field, and thus have been looking for an opportunity for further overseas business
expansion while continuing to build relationships with power transmission operators, electric power
companies in each of the countries.
6
Given such a situation, the investigation by studying a feasibility of constructing a new business
model that comprises streamlined services in power transmission field based on the combination of
power utilities’ O&M technical cooperation and manufacturers’ cable, sensor supply is undertaken
by collaboration between domestic power utility companies and manufacturers.
7
1.2 Purpose of This Survey
1.2.1 Building a Streamlined Service Model through Cooperation between
Manufacturers and Utilities
Figure 1.2.1-1 Current status and aims of the power transmission infrastructure market
in the Asian region
Therefore, as a measure to expand the business of Japanese companies in the Asian power
transmission infrastructure market, we are conducting this survey with the aim of realizing a
streamlined service business without precedent in the Asian region that combines technical
cooperation related to knowledge-intensive power transmission facility O&M / renewal by domestic
electric power companies with delivery of products by domestic electric wire manufacturers.
Specifically, we will propose a streamlined service related to the improvement of electric power
quality by combining our high-quality transmission lines / monitoring and communication systems
with know-how on power transmission facilities of Japanese electric power utility who is aggressive
in overseas deployment as a high-quality transmission infrastructure solution to electric power
companies in Asian countries (Table 1.2.1-1). At the same time, we will also work on technological
proposals concerning the quality improvement of the design / construction of power transmission
facilities with making full use of the domestic performances of our company and Japanese electric
power utility, while establishing relationships with power companies in each country, so as to
investigate issues and needs of each electric power company.
Through these efforts, ultimately, we will provide technical cooperation and product delivery
(hereinafter high-quality power transmission infrastructure solution) related to the general processes
such as design, construction, O&M, and renewal of power transmission facilities, and propose new
additional values besides initial capital investment (such as stable supply of electric power, total cost
reduction regarding overall initial lifecycle cost), so that we aim to promote differentiation from
overseas emerging electric wire manufacturers specialized in separate selling of electric wires, and
recapture the share of Japanese electric wire manufacturers in the Asian region, and expand business.
Also, providing high-quality power transmission infrastructure solutions is highly likely lead to
contract of consulting business related to the operation and renewal of electric power companies’
facilities besides deliveries of products, and domestic electric power companies are also expected to
establish stable relationships and profit structure over the medium-to-long term.
Current status Goal
Asian electric
electric power companies Asian electric
electric cpower companies
Competition
Product sales Product sales
Emerging
manufacturer
Japanese
manufacturer
Emerging
manufacturer
Japanese
manufacturer
Japanese
utility
Provision of a streamlined
service including maintenance
Product sales
8
Table 1.2.1-1 Technologies owned by our company and the other electric power
company and their performances Sumitomo Electric Japanese electric power utility
Owned resources
High quality product group - High quality transmission lines (cable, overhead power transmission lines)
- Transmission line monitoring sensors - Network system (transmission devices)
Know-how on power transmission facilities - Power transmission facility design technology - Power transmission facility O&M technology - Power transmission facility renewal technology
Efforts for overseas business so far
- We are deploying electric wire business worldwide including Asia / Europe / North America. We have sales / construction bases in various places of the world.
- We are promoting business deployment integrating “Energy” and “ICT” making full use of Sumitomo Electric’s comprehensive capabilities.
- They are utilizing their proprietary technologies related to design / construction / O&M / renewal of power transmission facilities, and promoting deployment of power transmission / transformation consulting business in the Asian region.
- They have proactively deployed overseas power transmission / distribution business such as participation in the European submarine transmission line business.
1.3 Selection of eligible countries in the investigation
The eligible countries in the investigation are selected among those that meet the following
criteria, 1 and 2:
1. A country that has the formation of power transmission line networks mature to a certain extent,
a high-level consciousness about power transmission quality improvement and financial
potential for further facility investment
2. A country that has already had connection (e.g. delivery record, technical cooperation, local
business office, etc.) with Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd as a main relationship: a region
where Japan is superior to distant European power-cable manufacturers and a restricted Asian
country where the relationship is so deep that site investigation can be smoothly further carried
out
According to the above selection method, these following three countries were chosen to be
investigated:
Target Countries: Hong Kong, Macau, and Thailand
Targeting the above 3 countries with high possibility to meet the investigation objective, we
are anticipating that speedily and certainly launching this business model will be considered
and that such a model will be laterally applied to each neighboring country afterward.
9
Chapter 2 Organization of Basic Information 2.1 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in the Target Countries 2.1.1 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in Hong Kong (1) Basic information on Hong Kong
Hong Kong is a special administrative district of the People’s Republic of China and is located
in the southern part of the People’s Republic of China. Macau, which is also a special administrative
district, is located about 70 km southwest of Hong Kong. Hong Kong consists of Hong Kong Island,
Kowloon Peninsula, New Territories and more than 235 islands floating in the surrounding area, and
the area is 1,104 km2 (about 1/400 of Japan), about twice that of Tokyo 23 wards. About 7 million
people live in this area, and it is one of the world’s most densely populated areas.
There are two electric power companies in Hong Kong including CLP Power, Ltd. (hereinafter
referred to as “CLPP”) that supplies power to the Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories, Lantau
Island, etc., and Hongkong Electric Company (hereinafter referred to as “HKE”) that supplies
electricity to Hong Kong Island, Lamma Island. The target of this survey is HKE. (See Figure
2.1.1-1)
Figure 2.1.1-1 Electric power companies’ areas in Hong Kong (quoted from the data of HKE)
(2) Power circumstances in Hong Kong
The outline of HKE is shown in Table 2.1.1-1. It is a major operating company of the Hong
Kong investment company HK Electric Investment and is operated under the “control agreement”
made with the Hong Kong Special Administrative District Government. It is a vertically integrated
electric power company that is responsible for generation, transmission / distribution, and supply of
electric power to Hong Kong Island, Lamma Islands, etc. It is an old company established in 1889,
and has approximately 1,800 employees (about 60% of which are technical staff).
10
Table 2.1.1-1 Outline of HKE
Item Details
Areas of Hong Kong Island, Lama Island 75 km2, 13 km2 (Japan: 378 thousand km2)
Daytime / nighttime population 2.5 million people / 1.3 million people (Japan:
approximately 126 million people)
Number of houses supplied with power Approximately 575 thousand houses
Maximum demand power 2,428 MW (about 1/30 of TEPCO)
Power generation facilities 3,737 MW (Lamma Power Station)
Power transformation facilities 3,899 places (27 base substations)
Transmission lines 6,289 km (mostly cables)
Voltage classes
275 kV, 132 kV, (66 kV): Transmission line
33 kV: Distribution line for subways, etc.
22 / 11 kV: Large scale customer distribution line
380 V: Small scale customer distribution line
220 V: General household distribution line
Power outage time per building 1.5 minutes per building
Transmission line loss rate 3.77% (2008)
Figure 2.1.1-2 Electric power system of HKE (quoted from the data of HKE)
Interconnecting lines with CLPP
132 kV system
275 kV system
Lamma Power Station
11
The electric power system of HKE consists of 275 kV / 22 kV / 11 kV and 132 kV / 22 kV / 11 kV.
The outline is shown in Figure 2.1.1-2. The power source of HKE is the Lamma Power Station only,
and HKE and CLPP are interconnected by 132 kV transmission lines.
Figure 2.1.1-3 Voltage classes of HKE
The voltage classes of HKE are shown in Figure 2.1.1-3. Voltage classes are divided into 275 kV,
132 kV, 33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, 380 V, and 220 V, and the power is supplied at 33 kV for subways, etc.
and at 22 / 11 kV for large scale customers. Most of the transmission / distribution lines are covered
by cables except for some sections.
Lamma Power Station
Ultrahigh voltage substation
Primary substation
Distribution substation Substation for subways, etc. Customer substation
(large scale)
Customer substation (small scale)
Customer
12
2.1.2 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in Macau (1) Basic information on Macau
Figure 2.1.2-1 Overview of Macau (quoted from the data of CEM)
Macau is located in the lowest basin of the “Pearl River” in Guangdong province, the People’s
Republic of China, 70 km southwest of Hong Kong. It is adjacent to Zhuhai, the People’s Republic
of China, and composed of Macau Peninsula, which is located on the southern coast of Mainland
China, and adjacent islands. This island was originally composed of two islands “Taipa Island” and
“Coloane Island,” but the area between the islands was reclaimed, which is called Cotai, and now the
whole is like one island. Currently, there are three bridges between the Macau Peninsula and the
former Taipa Island. Power supply in Macau is conducted only by Companhia de Electricidade de
Macau (hereinafter referred to as “CEM”). (See Figure 2.1.2-1)
(2) Power circumstances in Macau The outline of CEM is shown in Table 2.1.2-1, and the electric power system is shown in Figure
2.1.2-2. CEM is a vertically integrated electric power company that is conducting power generation,
transmission (220 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV), distribution (11 kV, 400 V, 230 V), and retail in the Macau
special administrative district. The company has a power generation capacity of 472 MW at the
Coloane Power Station. In FY2016, 81.9% of the electricity demanded in Macau is supplied from
Mainland China, and the supply from the Coloane Power Station is around 15%. In the Cotai area,
the rush of hotel construction for casino continues, and the growth of electric power sales has been
around 5% in recent years.
Macau
Taipa Island
Cotai (reclaimed land)
Coloane Island
Macau Airport
Bridge
Bridge
Bridge
13
Table 2.1.2-1 Outline of CEM
Item Details
Area of Macau 30.4 km2 (Japan: 378 thousand km2)
Population 644,900 people (Japan: approximately 126 million
people)
Number of houses supplied
with power Approximately 253 thousand houses
Maximum demand power 932 MW (2016) (about 1/60 of TEPCO)
Number of employees 682 (-5% compared with 2007)
Power generation facilities 472 MW (Coloane Power Station)
Power transformation
facilities 22 base substations
Cable length
(1,841 km)
220 / 110 / 66 kV: 293 km
11 kV: 706 km
400 / 230 V: 842 km
Supply voltage (50 Hz) 220 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV: Transmission line
11 kV, 400 V, 230 V: Distribution line
Transmission line loss rate 3.0% (2016)
Figure 2.1.2-2 Electric power system of CEM (quoted from the data of CEM)
Interconnecting lines with China
Interconnecting lines with China
14
Figure 2.1.2-3 Voltage classes of CEM
The voltage classes of CEM are shown in Figure 2.1.2-3. Voltage classes are divided into 220
kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 11 kV, 400 V, and 230 V. Transmission / distribution lines are totally covered by
cables.
Ultrahigh voltage substation
Primary substation
Distribution substation
Customer
Coloane Power Station
Secondary substation
Customer substation
15
2.1.3 Basic Information and Power Circumstances in Thailand (1) Basic information on Thailand (Bangkok)
The Kingdom of Thailand is a monarchical state located in Southeast Asia, it is also a member
country of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The capital city is Bangkok.
(2) Power circumstances in Thailand (Bangkok) The power supply system in Thailand is shown in Figure 2.1.3-1. The Electric Generating
Authority of Thailand (hereinafter referred to as “EGAT”) under the Ministry of Energy manages the
230 kV main transmission lines from the power station to the terminal substation, the Metropolitan
Electricity Authority of Thailand (hereinafter referred to as “MEA”) under the Ministry of Interior is
responsible for supplying electric power to the Bangkok metropolitan area and neighboring areas,
and the Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand (hereinafter referred to as “PEA”) under the
Ministry of Interior is responsible for supplying electric power to areas other than the metropolitan
area. The subject of this survey is MEA. The outline of MEA is shown in Table 2.1.3-1.
Figure 2.1.3-1 Power supply system in Thailand
Table 2.1.3-1 Outline of MEA
Item Details
Area of the Kingdom of Thailand Approximately 513,000 km2 (Japan: approximately 378,000 km2)
Total population of the Kingdom of
Thailand
Approximately 66 million people (Japan: approximately 126 million
people)
Population within the jurisdiction of
MEA Approximately 8.2 million people
Amount of electricity sold 51,413 GWh
Maximum demand power 9,296 MW (about 1/6 of TEPCO)
Terminal substation
(EGAT connection point) 17 substations + 1 switchgear / 19,534 MVA
Distribution substation 134 places / 18, 485 MVA
Transmission line
230 kV: 58 km line
115 kV: 830 km line
69 kV: 902 km line
Distribution line 24 kV / 12 kV: 18,423 km line
380 V / 220 V: 29,277 km line
Transmission loss rate 3.32%
Ministry of Energy Electric Generating Authority of Thailand
Supplying electric power to the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA), the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA), and large scale customers by generating electric power in its own company and purchasing electric power from IPP and neighboring countries.
Ministry of Interior Metropolitan Electricity Authority of Thailand
Conducting distribution and retail business in the metropolitan area.
Provincial Electricity Authority of Thailand
Conducting distribution and retail business in areas other than the metropolitan area.
Power system configuration of MEA
Power station
Main trans-mission line
Terminal substa-
tion
Trans- mission line
Power station
High-voltage distribution line
On-pole trans-former
Low-voltage distribution line
Customer Customer Customer
16
2.2 Power Circumstances in Neighboring Countries The power circumstances in major Asian countries other than Hong Kong, Macau and Thailand
are as follows.
Singapore: The Energy Market Authority (EMA) is in charge of administration related to the electric
power business. Under the regulation of this authority, there are 14 power generation sectors, 1
power transmission / distribution sector and 9 power retail sectors, and the electricity liberalization
has been fully started in 2018. Regarding power generation, in the past, oil-fired thermal power
generation accounted for 100% of the domestic power generation facilities, but now, most of them
are occupied by thermal power generation utilizing natural liquefied gas (LNG), the rest are covered
by oil-fired thermal power generation, renewable energy, etc. Both the amount of electricity
generated and the amount of sold electricity tend to increase year by year due to the expansion of
production in the manufacturing industry and the growth of the tourism industry accompanied by the
opening of casinos. The power transmission / distribution facilities consist of power transmission
facilities of 400 kV, 230 kV, and 66 kV and distribution facilities of 22 kV, 6.6 kV, and 400 V, and all
the transmission lines and most of the distribution lines are placed underground. With the rapid
increase in electricity demand recently, an ultrahigh-voltage CV underground network is under
construction.
Malaysia: Administrative offices involved in the electric power business differ depending on the
region, the Energy Commission (EC) is in charge of Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah in East
Malaysia, and the Sarawak state government is in charge of Sarawak in East Malaysia. For each of
the above areas, electric utilities (Peninsular Malaysia: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), Sabah:
Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd. (SESB), Sarawak: Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation (SESCO))
are developing the power generation, transmission and distribution business. Both the amount of
electricity generated and the amount of electricity sold tend to be increasing year by year, and the
amount of electricity sold in Peninsular Malaysia (within the jurisdiction of TNB) occupies more
than 90% of the total. Regarding power transmission / distribution facilities, the power transmission
facilities in Peninsular Malaysia consist of 500 kV, 275 kV, and 132 kV, and a 275 kV system
circling the peninsula is maintained. The power transmission facilities in Sabah consist of 275 kV,
132 kV, and 66 kV, and the transmission facilities in Sarawak consist of 275 kV and 132 kV. The
power distribution facilities consist of medium voltage (33 kV, 22 kV, 11 kV, and 6.6 kV) and low
voltage (415 V and 240 V).
Indonesia: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM; Kementerian Energi dan Sumber
Daya Mineral) is in charge of administration related to electric power business. The state-owned
electric power company (PLN; Perusahaan Listrik Negara) is developing the power distribution
business. Both the amount of electricity supplied and the amount of electricity sold tend to increase
year by year, and Java / Bali region occupies over 70%. Regarding transmission / distribution
facilities, the power transmission facilities of 500 kV, 275 kV, 150 kV, 70 kV, and 500 kV are only
for Java / Bali region, 275 kV and 150 kV are only for the main islands (Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi,
and Kalimantan islands), and in the other islands, power is supplied through 70 kV distribution lines.
Since the main power supply of the Java / Bali system is unevenly distributed in the east and the
west, two 500 kV main transmission lines connecting the east and the west are placed in the north
and south. For Sumatra Island, a plan to introduce a 500 kV system in the future and an
interconnection plan with Java via 500 kV DC transmission lines are formulated. Also,
interconnection plans with Malaysia, which includes international interconnecting transmission lines
connecting West Kalimantan and Sarawak in Eastern Malaysia, and international DC interconnecting
lines connecting Riau in Sumatra Island and Malacca in Peninsular Malaysia, are formulated.
The distribution facilities consist of medium voltage (20 kV) and low voltage (380 V and 220 V).
Myanmar: The Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) is in charge of administration related to
electric power business. As for the electric power business structure, Electric Power Generation
Enterprise (EPGE) is in charge of the power generation business, the Department of Hydropower
17
Implementation (DHPI) is in charge of the design and construction of hydropower stations, and the
Department of Power Transmission & System Control (DPTSC) is in charge of the construction and
operation of power transmission, power supply, and system operation. Yangon Electricity Supply
Corporation (YESC) (for Yangon District), Mandalay Electricity Supply Corporation (MESC) (for
Mandalay District), and Electricity Supply Enterprise (ESE) (for other than Yangon and Mandalay
Districts), each of which is under the MOEE jurisdiction, are in charge of construction and operation
of a distribution system of 33 kV or less and substations of 66 kV / 33 kV in the system, charge
collection and other retailing business. Both the amount of electricity supplied and the amount of
electricity sold tend to increase year by year, and Yangon occupies about half. The power
transmission / distribution facilities consist of power transmission facilities of 500 kV, 230 kV, 132
kV, and 66 kV and distribution facilities of 33 kV, 11 kV, and 6.6 kV.
In addition, in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, it is considered that there is a need for
reinforcement of underground substations and transmission / distribution facilities due to the rapid
increase in electricity demand due to urbanization.
18
Chapter 3 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power
Transmission Facility Design
3.1 Needs and Business Issues in Hong Kong
3.1.1 Needs in Hong Kong Table 3.1.1-1 shows the needs and issues related to the facilities of HKE.
Table 3.1.1-1 Needs and issues related to the facilities of HKE
Item Needs / Issues
(A) Renewal of aged submarine OF cables
The aging of the 275 kV submarine OF cables is
progressing, and renewal measures concerning these
are considered to be the most important issue.
(B) Measures to improve the reliability of
important lines
Measures to improve the reliability of the 132 kV
transmission lines, which are important lines, are
under consideration.
(C) Renewal of embedded cables in the
city
Regarding the renewal method of the direct
embedded cables under the road in an overpopulated
area, a construction method without hindering traffic
is required.
(A) Renewal of aged submarine cables
The aging of the submarine OF cables is progressing, and how to renew these is the most important
issue of HKE. As for the renewal method, (a) a method of laying submarine cables as in the current
method, and (b) a method of constructing a submarine tunnel and laying cables in it are conceivable.
However, with regard to (a), there is a possibility of cable damage due to anchor of a ship because
there are a lot of vessel navigation in the area in question, and HKE recognizes the problem in terms
of reliability. With regard to (b), since the construction cost will be high, design and construction
which can minimize the cost are necessary.
(B) Measures to improve the reliability of important lines High reliability is required for one of the important lines in Hong Kong Island, and for example,
installing a continuous monitoring system by partial discharge measurement (hereinafter referred to
as “PD measurement”) of cables is under consideration. However, since installation and maintenance
of the continuous monitoring system will be expensive, rational countermeasures taking into
consideration reliability and cost are necessary.
(C) Renewal of embedded cables in the city
The northern part of Hong Kong Island is an overpopulated area and has many traffic vehicles. Also,
a lot of water and gas pipelines including power cables are embedded under the road.
Therefore, there is a need for a method to rationally renew underground embedded objects which are
congested without interfering with traffic vehicles.
19
3.1.2 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power Transmission
Facility Design to HKE Table 3.1.2-1 shows proposals of O&M technical cooperation and power transmission facility design
to HKE.
Table 3.1.2-1 Proposals of O&M technical cooperation and power transmission facility design
to HKE
Needs / Issues Proposals of O&M technical cooperation / power
transmission facility design
(A) Renewal of aged submarine OF
cables
<Lifetime diagnosis>
(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation oil gas analysis
(2) Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation paper
polymerization degree analysis
<Renewal method>
(3) Formulation of cable renewal by asset management
(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines
<O&M method>
(5) Proposal of tunnel monitoring system
(B) Measures to improve the
reliability of important lines
<O&M method>
(1) Continuous monitoring of lines by PD measurement
(C) Renewal of embedded cables in
the city
<Lifetime diagnosis>
(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling
<Renewal method>
(2) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management
(3) Proposal of construction method which can be
implemented in narrow area
(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines
(A) Renewal of aged submarine OF cables
<Lifetime diagnosis>
For diagnosis of lifetime of the aged submarine OF cables, it is conceivable to propose “(1)
Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation oil gas analysis” and “(2) Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation
paper polymerization degree analysis” which are widely applied in diagnosis of lifetime of OF
cables.
With regard to (1), residual gas of the insulation oil in the submarine cables is to be analyzed.
As for its diagnostic index, it is conceivable to apply the index for OF cables. (See Figure 3.1.2-1)
Figure 3.1.2-1 Abnormality determination index for insulation oil gas analysis of OF cables
(quoted from the Electric Cooperative Research Vol. 70, No. 1)
With regard to (2), it is conceivable to collect the insulation paper in the cable, analyze its degree of
polymerization, and evaluate the cable life according to the degree of decrease from the initial value.
Rank A Renovated promptly
Am
ou
nt
of
ace
tyle
ne
ga
s (
pp
m)
Rank D Re-inspected after
3 years
Rank C Re-inspected
after 1 year
Rank B
Total amount of combustible gas (ppm)
20
<Renewal method> As a renewal method of the aged cables, “(3) Formulation of cable renewal by asset
management” and “(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines” are conceivable.
With regard to (3), it is conceivable to propose an optimum cable renewal timing in consideration of
the cost of cable maintenance, the cost of restoration at the time of cable dielectric breakdown, and
the cost of cable renewal, after sampling the aged cable to obtain its lifespan.
With regard to (4), it is conceivable to implement the minimum design of the tunnel cross section to
suppress the tunnel construction cost which can be expensive. Specifically, it is necessary to
calculate the necessary minimum inner diameter of the tunnel in consideration of securing the
transmission capacity, workability and maintainability.
<O&M method> When the submarine cable is updated to a tunnel type, “(5) Proposal of tunnel monitoring system” is
conceivable. In more detail, a proposal of a monitoring system using various sensors for rationally
maintaining the cables and tunnel is conceivable.
(B) Measures to improve the reliability of important lines (O&M method) As measures to improve the reliability of important lines, “(1) Continuous monitoring of lines
by PD measurement” is conceivable. In this case, reduction of noise that causes deterioration of
measurement accuracy is an effective means, and a proposal of an inexpensive PD measuring
apparatus to which various noise reduction methods are applied is conceivable. (See Figure 3.1.2-5)
(C) Renewal of embedded cables in the city
<Lifetime diagnosis> In formulating a cable renewal plan, it is conceivable to propose “(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by
cable sampling” in order to evaluate the cable remaining life.
A part of the aged cable is sampled from the existing line and the dielectric breakdown test by the
commercial frequency voltage is carried out. Based on the test results, the relationship between the
dielectric breakdown voltage and the age of the cable can be obtained, so that it is possible to
estimate the usable period of the cable according to it. If the usable period is obtained, it is possible
to formulate a cable renewal plan based on it.
<Renewal method>
As a renewal method, “(2) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management,” “(3) Proposal of
construction method which can be implemented in narrow areas,” and “(4) Proposal of tunnel-type
cable lines” are conceivable.
With regard to (2), see 3.1.2 (A) (3).
With regard to (3), for example, in Hong Kong Island, infrastructure facilities (power cable, water
pipe, gas pipe, etc.) occupy the underground of the road, and when it is necessary to renew the entire
facilities, large-scale road excavation work is required to remove the entire properties, so they are
often left behind. Therefore it is necessary to conduct cable construction in the place where new,
existing or remaining cables are congested. Therefore, it is conceivable to propose methods such as
an identification method to prevent electric shocks by disconnecting charging cables, and a rational
construction method in narrow areas.
With regard to (4), in order to organize these congested cables, a proposal of construction of tunnels
that can accommodate these cables under the arterial roads is conceivable. In Japan, the Ministry of
Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has constructed “multipurpose utility tunnels” that can
accommodate public embedded objects in major cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, so
information on it is available.
21
3.1.3 Business Issues (A) Renewal of aged submarine OF cables
<Lifetime diagnosis> With regard to “(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation oil gas analysis,” we have knowledge
about the index of deterioration diagnosis for OF cables but no information concerning submarine
cables. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm knowledge of domestic and overseas organizations
(CIGRE, the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, etc.) in order to consider the applicability of
knowledge on OF cables to submarine cable diagnosis.
With regard to “(2) Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation paper polymerization degree analysis,” a
method of evaluating with desk study without sampling the insulation paper from the submarine
cables and a method by sampling are conceivable. With regard to the former, it is possible to
diagnose the cable life by utilizing the relationship between the rate of decrease in the degree of
polymerization of the insulating paper and the amount of gas in order to estimate the amount of
decrease in the degree of polymerization over time. In this case, it is necessary to evaluate the
temporal transition of the submarine cable conductor temperature in order to estimate the amount of
generated gas depending on the operating years. For this purpose, it is necessary to grasp the
operation record of the submarine cable. (See Fig. 3.1.3-1.) For the latter, it is necessary to sample
the insulation paper from the actual facility, so consideration of concrete methods is required.
Fig. 3.1.3-1 Relationship between the amount of generated gas and the operating years (quoted
from the Technical Report No. 858 of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan)
(CO
+ C
O2
) d
ete
cte
d a
mo
un
t (p
pm
) Conductor temperature
Operating years (years)
Po
lym
eri
za
tio
n d
eg
ree r
ete
ntio
n r
ate
(%
)
Craft + mineral oil
Craft + synthetic oil Approximate line (all data)
generated amount (ml/g)
22
<Renewal method> With regard to “(3) Formulation of cable renewal by asset management,” it is necessary to
secure a sufficient quantity of cable dielectric breakdown test data to obtain the cable life that can be
subjected to statistical processing, and in order to evaluate the timing of renewal at which the cost
can be minimized, information on costs for cable maintenance, renewal, and restoration at the
occurrence of an accident is required.
With regard to “(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines,” it is necessary to minimize the tunnel
inner diameter in order to suppress the construction cost. In that case, the final tunnel inner diameter
should be determined according to the minimum inner diameter determined based on the cable
transmission capacity and the minimum inner diameter in consideration of the space required for
cable installation, connection section assembly, restoration in case of failure, etc. as shown in Figure
3.1.3-2. In addition, as design specifications for obtaining the cable transmission capacity, it is
necessary to grasp the soil thermal resistance, soil temperature, etc. in the tunnel embedding route.
<O&M method>
With regard to “(5) Proposal of tunnel monitoring system,” it is necessary to grasp essential
monitoring items related to the tunnel and cables, and to design a monitoring system superior in
reliability and maintainability.
(B) Measures to improve the reliability of important lines (O&M method)
With respect to “(1) Continuous monitoring of lines by PD measurement,” in order to conduct
rational PD measurement, it is necessary to grasp the local noise level, which is a factor of lowering
the PD signal level, and to grasp the frequency band excellent in measurement sensitivity in the field.
Moreover, it is thought that it is necessary to develop an inexpensive PD detection sensor and to
establish a measurement system, aiming at cost reduction of the system.
(C) Renewal of embedded cables in the city
<Lifetime diagnosis> With regard to “(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling,” it is necessary to determine
essential sampling items of cables required for evaluation (considering installation place such as dry
land, wetlands, and age, number of sampling, etc.). In addition, it is necessary to actually carry out
cable sampling and dielectric breakdown tests so as to evaluate the cable lifetime based on statistical
processing, etc. using those test data.
<Renewal method>
With regard to “(2) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management,” see 3.1.3 (A) (3).
With regard to “(3) Proposal of construction method which can be implemented in narrow areas,” it
is necessary to consider highly accurate and inexpensive live-cable identification methods so as not
to erroneously cut live cables. In addition, it is necessary to grasp the maximum cable length that can
be transported on a vehicle to narrow areas, and to consider compact laying yards.
With regard to “(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines,” it is necessary to determine the number
of housing of existing cables and to determine the tunnel route, and since large-scale civil
engineering works under the road are necessary, there are various issues such as coordination with
relevant government offices.
23
3.2 Needs and Business Issues in Macau
3.2.1 Needs in Macau Table 3.2.1-1 shows the needs and issues related to the facilities of CEM.
Table 3.2.1-1 Needs and issues related to the facilities of CEM
Item Needs / Issues
(A) Measures to prevent dielectric
breakdown of cables
A rational diagnostic method for perceiving
beforehand dielectric breakdown due to the
deterioration of cables and the initial failure, etc.,
and establishment of cable replacement criteria
based on the diagnosis result are required.
(B) Renewal of embedded cables in the city
It is required to rationally implement cable
construction in a place where the objects
embedded under the road are congested.
(A) Measures to prevent cable accidents
Cables within the jurisdiction of CEM are all CV cables. In recent years, dielectric breakdown
accidents occur frequently due to the initial failure of the cable, and cable replacement is required.
Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the degree of insulation performance of the cable in order to
replace the cable. For that purpose, considering a method to rationally diagnose the insulation
performance of the cable, and establishing the criteria for deciding the order of cable replacement
based on diagnostic results are regarded as issues.
(B) Renewal of embedded cables in the city
Unlike in Japan, cables within the jurisdiction of CEM are directly embedded under the road as
described above (3.1.1). For this reason, they are embedded under the road along with infrastructure
facilities such as water and gas pipes. Therefore, implementing rational construction in a place where
other embedded objects under the road are congested is regarded as an issue.
24
3.2.2 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power Transmission
Facility Design to CEM Table 3.2.2-1 shows proposals of O&M technical cooperation and power transmission facility
design to CEM.
Table 3.2.2-1 Proposals of O&M technical cooperation and power transmission facility design
to CEM
Needs / Issues Proposals of O&M technical cooperation / power
transmission facility design
(A) Measures to prevent dielectric
breakdown of cables
<Lifetime diagnosis>
(1) Continuous monitoring of lines by PD measurement
(2) Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling
<Renewal method>
(3) Formulation of cable renewal by asset management
(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines
(B) Renewal of embedded cables in
the city
<Lifetime diagnosis>
(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling
<Renewal method>
(2) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management
(3) Proposal of construction method which can be
implemented in narrow areas
(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines
(A) Measures to prevent dielectric breakdown of cables
<Lifetime diagnosis> See 3.1.2 (B) (1) with regard to “(1) Continuous monitoring of lines by PD measurement,” and
3.1.2 (C) (1) with regard to “(2) Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling.”
<Renewal method>
See 3.1.2 (A) (3) with regard to “(3) Formulation of cable renewal by asset management,” and
3.1.2 (A) (4) or 3.1.2 (C) (4) with regard to “(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines.”
(B) Renewal of embedded cables in the city
<Lifetime diagnosis> See 3.1.2 (C) (1) with regard to “(1) Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling.”
<Renewal method>
See 3.1.2 (A) (3) with regard to “(2) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management,” 3.1.2 (C)
(3) with regard to “(3) Proposal of construction method that can be implemented in a narrow areas,”
and 3.1.2 (A) (4) or 3.1.2 (C) (4) with regard to “(4) Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines.”
3.2.3 Business Issues See 3.1.3 with regard to the business issues related to this case.
25
3.3 Needs and Business Issues in Thailand
3.3.1 Needs in Thailand Table 3.3.1-1 shows the needs and issues related to the facilities of MEA.
Table 3.3.1-1 Needs and issues related to the facilities of MEA
Item Needs / Issues
(A) Maintenance and renewal of aged
230 kV OF cables
Oil leakage is occurring at the connection section of the
230 kV OF cable installed in the tunnel, and its
countermeasure is regarded as the most important issue.
At the same time, renewal of the aged OF cables, update
to CV cables is under consideration.
(B) Consideration on cable completion
inspection methods
After the construction of the cable lines, it is necessary
to conduct the cable completion inspection by the
charging test, but the method of charging the
long-distance cable lines is under consideration.
(A) Maintenance and renewal of aged 230 kV OF cables
Oil leakage is occurring at the connection section of the 230 kV OF cable installed in the tunnel
whose construction completed less than 10 years ago, so MEA is considering its countermeasures
and aiming for countermeasures by itself. Figure 3.3.1-1 shows an example case of oil leakage from
an OF cable.
There are also discussions about how to diagnose lifetime of aged 230 kV OF cables and
whether to deal with renewal of these cables using “OF cables” or “CV cables” which is the current
mainstream.
(B) Consideration on cable completion inspection methods
Before starting operation of the cable line, a charging test is carried out as a completion
inspection to confirm its soundness. Here, with regard to the long-distance cable in a high voltage
class such as 230 kV, since the cable charging current becomes large, the scale of the charging test
apparatus becomes large. In the past, testing was carried out using commercial frequency charging
test apparatus in Japan, but due to recent improvements in manufacturing technology of Japanese
cables and on-site assembling technology of their connection sections, it has shifted to charging test
by system voltage.
Even in Thailand, it is necessary to carry out an electricity charging test before starting
operation of the cable, but it is not permitted to apply system voltage as in Japan, and in the case of
long-distance line, a charging test by “DC voltage” is carried out. However, as it is globally
recognized that charging of cables by DC voltage may “give bad influence to cables,” MEA is
considering the method of charging test on high-voltage long-distance cable lines.
26
3.3.2 Proposals of O&M Technical Cooperation and Power Transmission
Facility Design to MEA Table 3.3.2-1 shows proposals of O&M technical cooperation and power transmission facility
design to MEA.
Table 3.3.2-1 Proposals of O&M technical cooperation and power transmission facility design
to MEA
Item Needs / Issues
(A) Maintenance and renewal of aged
230 kV OF cables
<O&M method>
(1) Countermeasures for oil leakage from aged OF
cables
(2) Improvement of the maintenance ability for aged OF
cables
<Lifetime diagnosis>
(3) Diagnosis by PD measurement of aged OF cables
<Renewal method>
(4) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management
(5) Proposal for update to CV cables
(B) Consideration on cable completion
inspection methods
(1) Proposal of cable charging test using various
waveforms
(A) Maintenance and renewal of aged 230 kV OF cables
<O&M method> With regard to “(1) Countermeasures for oil leakage from aged OF cables” and “(2)
Improvement of the maintenance ability for aged OF cables,” it is conceivable to implement training
related to this case for MEA staff with making use of OF cable maintenance experience in Japan.
<Lifetime diagnosis>
See 3.1.2 (B) (1) with regard to “(3) Diagnosis by PD measurement of aged OF cables.”
<Renewal method> See 3.1.2 (A) (3) with regard to “(4) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management.”
With regard to “(5) Proposal for update to CV cables,” and the trend of the world is also shifting to
the CV cable, so a proposal for update to CV cables is conceivable.
(B) Consideration on cable completion inspection methods
With regard to “(1) Proposal of cable charging test using various waveforms,” Japanese electric
power utility has experience of the completion inspection by charging test on the 275 kV CV cable
line. It developed a cable charging device (60 Hz) as shown in Figure 3.3.2-4, and implemented
completion inspection including PD measurement at the cable connection section. Therefore, it is
conceivable to propose a cable completion inspection method for MEA by taking advantage of these
experiences.
27
(a) Cable charging device (b) PD measuring apparatus
(c) Test circuit
Figure 3.3.2-1 Outline of cable completion inspection
3.3.3 Business Issues (A) Maintenance and renewal of aged 230 kV OF cables
<O&M method>
With regard to “(1) Countermeasures for oil leakage from aged OF cables” and “(2)
Improvement of the maintenance ability for aged OF cables,” example cases are listed in Table
3.3.2-2 in 3.3.2 (A),
<Lifetime diagnosis> See 3.1.2 (B) (1) with regard to “(3) Diagnosis by PD measurement of aging OF cable.”
<Renewal method>
See 3.1.2 (A) (3) with regard to “(4) Formulation of annual renewal by asset management.” See
3.1.3 (A) (4) with regard to “(5) Proposal for update to CV cables.”
(B) Consideration on cable completion inspection methods With regard to “(1) Proposal of cable charging test using various waveforms,” there are issues
shown in Table 3.3.3-1.
Table 3.3.3-1 Issues in cable charging test using various waveforms
Test method Issues
Charging test using commercial
frequency voltage
- Possibility of securing the test power source
- Measures to reduce cable charging current for long-distance
cables
275 kV cable
Cable electrostatic capacity
Test trans- former
(500 kVA)
Variable reactor
Cable compensa-tion reactor
(installed inside the substation)
28
With regard to “Charging test using commercial frequency voltage,” the possibility of securing
the test power source from the neighboring substation and implementation of appropriate relay
settlement such that the influence of cable dielectric breakdown during the test does not spread to the
said substation are regarded as issues. In addition, as measures to reduce the cable charging current,
it is generally required to insert a reactor in parallel with the line. Japanese electric power utility uses
a compensation reactor device installed on the busbar of the substation, but in Thailand, securing
compensation capacity, such as whether a compensation reactor is installed, for example is regarded
as an issue.
3.4 Business Deployment to Neighboring Countries With regard to power transmission facilities in Asian countries, a trend of shifting from
overhead electric cables to underground cables can be seen in many areas due to the increase in
electricity demand and urbanization, and there are many facilities similar to Hong Kong, Macau and
Thailand which are the targets of this survey. For this reason, it can be considered that the same
issues as the needs and issues of the three regions obtained in this survey are potentially present in
other Asian countries, and it is assumed that horizontally deploying the achievements of the
commercialization scheme of power transmission infrastructure solutions by this project to Asian
countries will lead to business expansion of Japanese companies in the Asian region.
Specific business proposals for Asian countries are as follows.
- Singapore: In line with the rapid increase in electricity demand, construction of an
ultrahigh-voltage underground CV cable network is in progress. O&M has always aroused high
interest and has already been conducted, so it is difficult to dig up new needs.
- Malaysia: The underground CV cables are directly embedded, and we believe that the proposal of
utilizing tunnels regarding new construction projects is effective to deploy O&M for stable supply.
It is also assumed that O&M needs for stable supply of submarine cables will emerge in the future.
- Indonesia: It is assumed that O&M needs will emerge from the viewpoint of stable supply in the
introduction of 500 kV lines.
- Myanmar: It is assumed that O&M needs will emerge from the viewpoint of stable supply
in the construction of 66 kV / 230 kV underground CV cable networks in line with the
progress of urban development in Yangon District.
- Overall: Considering preceding cases in Hong Kong, it is conceivable that in order to construct an
underground CV cable network which can flexibly support the increase in demand, not the “direct
embedding method,” which requires digging up at the time of trouble occurrence or cable
expansion, but the “tunnel installation method” is preferable, so we believe that it is effective to
promote the tunnel installation proposal / design consultation at the time of newly designing in
addition to the O&M proposal regarding existing facilities.
We plan to horizontally deploy these transmission infrastructure solutions not only in the Asian
region but also in the Middle East countries that have transmission facilities similar to those in the
Asian region and have plenty of capital investment deriving from oil money.
3.5 Assumed Business The scales of business assuming the horizontal deployment of power transmission infrastructure
solutions to each country are shown below.
- Maintenance contract contributing to long-term efficient utilization of existing power transmission
facilities (hundreds of millions of yen per year)
- Detailed design contract of power transmission facilities regarding plans for new installation of
power transmission facilities (estimated at hundreds of millions of yen per year)
- Delivery of electric wires (overhead power transmission lines / cables) accompanied with plans for
renewal / new installation of power transmission facilities (billions of yen per year)
29
3.6 Environmental Improvement Effect It is conceivable that improvement of power transmission efficiency can be expected according
to introduction of cooling technology (reduction of conductor resistance) by passing power
transmission lines through the tunnel and adoption of large-capacity cables, and accordingly it is
possible to suppress the amount of power generation, leading to reduction of CO2 caused by power
generation.
Moreover, it is conceivable that by adopting high-quality cables, accessories and introducing an
effective asset management method, long-term efficient utilization of power transmission facilities
becomes possible, and reduction of CO2 caused by manufacturing, transportation, installation, etc.
of cables due to frequent cable replacement can be achieved.
30
Chapter 4 Consideration on Commercialization of This Business
4.1 Consideration on Finance It is possible to manage project finance utilizing JBIC (Japan Bank of International
Cooperation) and NEXI (Nippon Export and Investment Insurance) when launching the
large-scale power transmission infrastructure construction project and forming SPC (Special
Purpose Company) with local companies.
4.2 Prospects for Utilization of Policy Support, etc. As a way of technical cooperation for improvement of O&M technique of power
transmission facilities, it is possible to hold technical seminars at local utilities and conduct
technical training at Japanese training facilities for local engineers by utilizing AOTS
(Association for Overseas Technical cooperation and Sustainable partnership). This enables
to strengthen the relationships with Asian electric power companies, to obtain issues and need
they have and, moreover, to increase possibilities to commercializing Asian power
transmission business.
4.3 Economic Analysis
For power cable business, our country’s cable manufacturers establish their local
factories in the Asian region to necessarily take an advantage of local production for
local consumption in every aspect of transportation costs of heavy-weight products with
large volumes. Therefore, it is anticipated that a business with cost competitive
advantages (transportation cost, labor cost) can be built by using their oversea local
business bases and that at the same time high-quality power transmission infrastructure
solutions following this investigation project can be delivered. For instance, we,
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. have our own local power cable factories in India
and Indonesia and also intend to maximize the capacity of our factories in Japan further.
4.4 Japan’s Technical Competitiveness on the Equipment, Technology, etc.
Necessary for Commercialization of This Business
Proposals of technical cooperation / power transmission equipment design necessary for
commercialization of this business are listed again in Table 4.4-1.
Table 4.4-1 Contents of proposals of technical cooperation and power transmission facility
design necessary for commercialization of this business (reshown)
Technical item Contents of proposals of technical cooperation and power
transmission facility design
(A) Diagnosis of lifetime of OF
cables
Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation oil gas analysis
Diagnosis of lifetime by insulation paper polymerization
degree analysis
(B) General maintenance of OF
cables
Patrol, inspection, repair, renewal, etc. of OF cables
(C) Cable monitoring method Continuous monitoring of lines by PD measurement
(D) Completion inspection
method
Proposal of cable charging test using various waveforms
(E) Diagnosis of lifetime of CV
cables
Diagnosis of lifetime by cable sampling
Formulation of cable renewal by asset management
(F) Facility design / general
construction
Proposal of tunnel-type cable lines
Proposal of tunnel monitoring system
Proposal method which can be implemented in narrow areas
31
(A) Diagnosis of lifetime of OF cables
With regard to usage of OF cables in Japan, since the 66 kV OF cable was adopted in 1928 and
the 154 kV OF cable was adopted in 1958, the OF cable was regarded as the major transmission
cable until the mid-1970s, and it has adoption records of more than 100 years, such as being adopted
for 275 kV and above even since 2000 [1]. Meanwhile, various lifetime diagnoses have been
developed [2], and recently, the support vector machine has been applied to insulation oil gas analysis
of OF cables [3], etc. Also, the results have been reported at the Paris Conference of CIGRE [4].
As described above, the history of the usage of OF cables in Japan is long, development and
application of various lifetime diagnostic technologies related to it have been done, and Japan has
superiority to other countries regarding commercialization of this business.
<References>
[1] Iizuka: “(New edition) Power Cable Technology Handbook,” Denki Shoin (1989)
[2] OF Cable Maintenance Technical Committee: “Maintenance Techniques for OF Cables,” Electric
Technology Research Association, Vol. 55, No. 2 (1999)
[3] Underground Power Transmission Cable Maintenance Technical Committee: “Maintenance
Techniques for Underground Power Transmission Cables,” Electric Technology Research
Association, Vol. 70, No. 1 (2014)
[4] M. Soga et al.: “Improvement of Dissolved Gas Analysis Technique for Oil-Filled Cable
Facilities and Practical Application of Gas Analysis Technique to XLPE Cable Facilities,”
CIGRE 2016 session, paper B1-207 (2016)
(B) General maintenance of OF cables
See 4.5 (A).
(C) Cable monitoring method
With regard to cable diagnosis by PD measurement, as shown in Table 3.3.2-4 in 3.3.2 (2),
Japanese electric power utility has various records, and at TEPCO, PD measurement is conducted as
a part of completion inspection on 500 kV CV cable lines [5] [6]. In addition, at that time, highly
accurate PD test using metal foil electrodes is carried out [7] [8]. Therefore, the cable PD measurement
technology including the system in Japan is high, and Japan has superiority to other countries
regarding commercialization of this business.
<References>
[5] Yonemoto et al.: “500 kV Long-Distance CV Cable LinesTEPCO Shin-Toyosu Line,”
Fujikura Technical Journal, No. 101, pp. 22-26 (2001)
[6] Yonemoto et al.: “Partial Discharging Test for Shin-Toyosu Line 500 kV Long-Distance CV
Cable Lines,” Hitachi Cable, No. 20, pp. 75-80 (2001)
[7] Katsuta et al.: “Development of Live-Line Partial Discharge Detection Method for Ultrahigh
Voltage Long-Distance CV Cable Lines,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 111, No.
11, pp. 1223-1232 (1991)
[8] Goto et al.: “Partial Discharge Detection Method for Long-Distance Electric Cable Lines,” IEEJ
Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 121, No. 4, pp. 520-527 (2001)
32
(D) Completion inspection method With regard to the charging test using commercial frequency voltage, see 4.5 (C).
With regard to charging test using VLF, research on its application to CV cable lines for the 77 kV
class is conducted by Japanese electric power utility [9] - [11]. Research on the influence of VLF
charging test on CV cables via GIS is also conducted at Nagoya University [12].
As described above, Japan, which has abundant knowledge of VLF charging test, has
considerable superiority to other countries regarding commercialization of this business.
<References>
[9] Uchida et al.: “Study on Effectiveness of New Field Withstand Voltage Test Method for CV
Cables,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 131, No. 12, pp. 956-961 (1995)
[10] K. Uchida et al.: “Study on Detection for Defects of XLPE Cable Lines,” IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1996)
[11] Uchida et al.: “Diagnosis of Lifetime of Water-Tree Deteriorated CV Cables by Ultralow
Frequency Withstand Voltage Test,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 120, No. 11,
pp. 1382-1389 (2000)
[12] Saito et al.: “Behavior of Metallic Foreign Materials in GIS and Dielectric Breakdown
Characteristics at Application of 0.1 Hz Very Low Frequency (VLF) AC High Voltage,” IEEJ
Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 121, No. 3, pp. 364-370 (2001)
(E) Diagnosis of lifetime of CV cables
With regard to diagnosis of lifetime of CV cable, diagnostic methods focusing on water-tree in
insulation [13] - [15], which is a major deterioration factor of CV cables, have been proposed in Japan
in recent years. For example, the method of accumulating electric charges in a water-tree section and
evaluating the degree of deterioration based on the magnitude of the signal [14] is applied within the
jurisdiction of Japanese electric power utility, and has achieved great results. The results of each of
these methods are reported to CIGRE JWG D1/B1.20 and are summarized in the technical report [16].
As described above, the diagnosis of lifetime of CV cables is an overwhelmingly superior area of
Japan together with the “cable monitoring method” and the “completion inspection method”
aforementioned in this chapter, providing considerable superiority to Japan.
<References> [13] Kumazawa et al.: “Theoretical Consideration on Water-Tree Deterioration Diagnosis Principle
of AC Superimposition Method,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 119, No. 4, pp
491-499 (1999)
[14] Miyajima et al.: “Diagnosis of Water-Tree Deterioration of CV Cables by New Residual
Charge Method,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp 199-205 (2005)
[15] Uchida et al.: “Diagnosis of Lifetime of Water-Tree Deteriorated CV Cables by Ultralow
Frequency Withstand Voltage Test,” IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 120, No. 11,
pp. 1382-1389 (2000)
[16] CIGRE JWG D1/B1.20: “Non-Destructive Water-Tree Detection in XLPE Cable Insulation,”
CIGRE Technical Brochure 493, April 2012
33
(F) Facility design / general construction Since the CV cable, which is mainly used in Japan, was applied to 66 kV in the latter half of the
1960s, it has become to obtain higher voltage and larger capacity, and recently the operation of 500
kV long-distance CV cable lines started [17] - [19]. In addition, starting from the construction of the
Chita Daini Minamibuhei-cho Line (overall length: 26.8 km), which is long-distance 275 kV CV
cable line, in 1993 [20], the 275 kV Tokai Matsugae Line (overall length: 19.2 km) in 1998 [20] [21], the
275 kV Ama Matsugae Line in 2000 [21] [22], and the 275 kV Kawagoe Nishi-Nagoya Line in 2002 [23]
[24] were constructed. Recently, these CV cable design technologies [25] and construction
technologies [26] are also summarized nationwide. These results are reported to CIGRE WG B1.47
and are summarized in the technical report [27].
As described above, with regard to cable construction technology, Japan has been promoting
technical improvement for long-distance and high-voltage cables ahead of the world, and it has
considerable superiority.
<References> [17] Yonemoto et al.: “500 kV Long-Distance CV Cable Lines - TEPCO Shin-Toyosu Line -,”
Fujikura Technical Journal, No. 101, pp. 22-26 (2001)
[18] Yonemoto et al.: “Partial Discharging Test for Shin-Toyosu Line 500 kV Long-Distance CV
Cable Lines,” Hitachi Cable, No. 20, pp. 75-80 (2001)
[19] Tanaka: “A Journey to Practical Application of 500 kV CV Cables for Long-Distance
TransmissionUltrahigh-Voltage Large-Capacity Cables Supported by Micron Technology,”
IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy, Vol. 128, No. 4, pp. 623-627 (2008)
[20] Okada et al.: “Recent Technical Trend of Ultrahigh Voltage CV Cable Lines,” 1998 National
Convention Record IEEJ, S.32-1 (1998)
[21] Tsuchiya et al.: “Installation Technology for Ultrahigh Voltage CV Cables,” 1998 National
Convention Record IEEJ, S.32-5 (1998)
[22] Nakano et al.: “Chubu Electric Power Ama Matsugae Line 275 kV CSZV Cable Construction,”
Hitachi Cable, No. 19, pp. 19-24 (2000)
[23] N. Hayashi et al.: “Construction of 275 kV Underground Transmission Line Composed of
Continuous 2,500 m Long Cable,” Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Insulated
Power Cables, A.10.4, pp. 343-347 (2003)
[24] S. Kobayashi et al.: “Results of After-Laying Tests of 275 kV XLPE Cable Line,” Proceedings
of 6th International Conference on Insulated Power Cables, A.8.6, pp. 291-294 (2003)
[25] CV Cable Facility Design Technical Expert Committee: “Design Technologies for CV Cable
Facilities,” Electric Technology Research Association, Vol. 73, No. 2 (2017)
[26] CV Cable Construction Technical Expert Committee: “Current Status and Future Prospects of
Construction Technology for CV Cable Lines,” Electric Technology Research Association, Vol.
53, No. 4 (2005)
[27] CIGRE WG B1.47: “Implementation of Long AC HV and EHV Cable Systems,” CIGRE
Technical Brochure 680, March 2017
4.5 Issues regarding Business Promotion It could be seen that cooperating with a power utility made each country’s power utility
company further discuss issues it has as a corresponding power utility, helped obtain its
hidden needs which could not be seen by manufacturer approaching alone and received its
positive response to the proposal of high-quality power transmission solution.
For the future we will aim to further business expansion by applying this model laterally to
each neighboring country and proposing O&M technology enthusiastically for not only
underground cables but submarine cables and overhead lines.
(様式2)
頁 図表番号
Electric power system of CEM (quoted fromthe data of CEM)
2.1.2-213
Relationship between the amount ofgenerated gas and ther operating years
(quoted from the Technical Report No.858 ofthe Institute of Electrical Engineers of
Japan)
3.1.3-122
Abnormity determination index forinsulation oil gas analysis of OF cables
(quoted from Electric Cooperative ResearchVol.70, No.1)
18 3.1.2-1
2.1.1-18
9 2.1.1-2Electric power system of HKE (quoted from
the data of HKE)
2.1.2-1
二次利用未承諾リスト
委託事業名 平成30年度質の高いエネルギーインフラの海外展開に向けた事業実施可能性調査事業
報告書の題名 Business FeasibilityInvestigation into ExportingInfrastructure Technology Backedby Cooperation betweenManufactures and Utilities inPower Transmission O&M Field
受注事業者名Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
タイトルElectric power companies' areas in Hong
Kong (quoted from the data of HKE)
Overview of Macau (quoted from the data ofCEM)
11