business communication cmun 11 mrs. waddell. agenda nonverbal communication meyers & briggs...
TRANSCRIPT
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Business Communication
CMUN 11
Mrs. Waddell
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Agenda
• Nonverbal Communication• Meyers & Briggs Personality
Profile• The Generational Divide (if
time)
• Next week: Interviewing & Listening Skills
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Welcome!Welcome!
NonverbalNonverbalCommunicationCommunication
& & Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills
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Communicating Without Words
• We all communicate nonverbally
• By analyzing nonverbal cues, we can – enhance our understanding– define relationships
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Cues and ContextsCues and Contexts
We communicate nonverbally throughour bodies and appearancethe environment we create
and live in
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Cues and ContextsCues and Contexts
Nonverbal communication Perpetual Frequently involuntary
Verbal and nonverbal messagesClear messagesMixed messages –words and actions contradiction
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Aspects of Nonverbal CommunicationAspects of Nonverbal Communication
Kinesics – the study of body language
Facial Expressions = emotion display
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Posture and GesturesPosture and Gestures
Posture sends messages: Content and confident? Angry and belligerent? Worried
and discouraged? Flight or Fight The way you feel about those with whom you are
communicating Gestures sends messages:
Movements of arms, legs, hands, and feet send messages about us
Gestures do not have universal meanings
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Functions of Nonverbal CommunicationFunctions of Nonverbal Communication Message Reinforcement
“I love you” & kisses Message Negation
“We need to spend less time together” & moving closer
Message Substitution Pointing/gestures/ “OK” sign
Message Accentuation “I’m so angry!” & pulling on hair
Message Regulation eye contact/posture/gestures Signals flow of conversation
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Clothing and ArtifactsClothing and Artifacts
Artifactual communication – the use of personal adornments
Extremely important in creating a first impression
Dress and chosen images should change as our roles change
Sometimes the basis for judgments regarding success, character, dominance, and competence
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ParalanguageParalanguage
Paralanguage – vocal cues that accompany languagePitch
Habitual pitchVolumeRatePauses
Nonfluencies Silence
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Confused CommunicationConfused Communication• Speech Fillers/NonfluenciesSpeech Fillers/Nonfluencies
– confuse the listener, with the message becoming garbled
– anything that interrupts the message and can include:
– UMUM– UHUH– LikeLike– OKAYOKAY– You KnowYou Know– So thenSo then– Now…Now…
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Space and DistanceSpace and Distance
Distances Intimate: 0-18 inches Personal: 18 inches to 4 ft. Social: 4 to 12 ft. Public: 12 ft. to limit of sight
Spaces Informal: highly mobile and can be quickly changed Semifixed-feature: the use of objects to create distance Fixed-feature: relatively permanent objects to define the
environment around us
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Territoriality and Personal SpaceTerritoriality and Personal Space
Territoriality – the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space
Markers – used to establish territory or reserve one’s space
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ColorsColors
Color affects us emotionally and physiologically
Some of the emotions colors can trigger: Excitement Warmth Passion and sensuality Happiness Relaxation Persuasion
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ChronemicsChronemics
Using time to communicateThe meaning of time differs around the world“Time talks”
Last minute invitations Habitual tardiness Leaving early Allocation of certain activities to appropriate times Structure time differently
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HapticsHaptics
Haptics – the study of the use of touch
Culturally conditionedCorrelates positively with openness, comfort with
relationshipsCan reflect statusValued differently by different cultures
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Gender and Nonverbal BehaviorGender and Nonverbal Behavior
Visual Dominance – measured by comparing the percentage of looking while speaking with the percentage of looking while listening
Men – higher levels of looking while speaking
Women – higher levels of looking while listening
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Gendered Communication
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Diversity and Nonverbal BehaviorDiversity and Nonverbal Behavior
Contact cultures vs. Low-contact cultures
Different cultures may express emotion or intimacy in different ways
Cultural background also affects their use of touch and personal space
Identical nonverbal cues may still convey different meanings in different cultures
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MEYERS & BRIGGSPERSONALITY PROFILE
Speech 5
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Meyers & Briggs
• Preference test– Dependent upon context
• 16 Types– Extraversion/Introversion– Sensing/Intuition– Thinking/Feeling– Judging/Perceiving
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Extraversion/Introversion
• Similarities and differences
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Extraversion (75%)
• Relates more easily to the outer world of people and things
• Life is an open book• Gather’s energy with people• Expends energy• Thinks out loud• Many friends• Many topics
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Introversion (25%)
• Relates more easily to the inner world of ideas and concepts
• Saves energy• People draw out energy • Territoriality• Thinks inside• 1-1 relationships• In depth relationships
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Sensing/Intuition
• Similarities and differences
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Sensing (75%)
• Input• Would rather work with known facts• How you bring your information in• Down to earth• Likes rules• Decisions made on past experience• Enjoys using skills they know• Routine details• Few factual errors
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Intuition (25%)
• Input• Would rather look for possibilities
and relationships• Prefers new skills• Works with bursts of energy• Attracted by the future• Looks for possibilities• Hunches• Speculative
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Thinking/Feeling
• Similarities and differences
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Thinking (50%)
• Output
• Gender 51% of group male
• Judgments based more on impersonal analysis and logic
• Linear
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Thinking (50%)
• Doesn’t show emotions readily
• Concerned with the Law
• Analytical
• Standards
• Problems accepting errors
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Feeling (50%)
• Output
• Gender 51% of group Female
• Judgments based more on personal values
• Needs and wants harmony
• Illogically ignores facts when feelings are stronger
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Feeling (50%)
• Social values
• Extenuating circumstances
• Justice
• People oriented
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Judging/Perceiving
• Similarities and differences
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Judging (50%)
• Likes a planned, decided, orderly way of life
• Systematic way of deciding
• needs resolution and closure
• Urgency until decision then calm
• Strong work ethic
• Outcome oriented
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Perceiving (50%)
• Likes a flexible, spontaneous way of life
• Experiencing life
• Accepting of the world
• Prefers options
• Resistance to decisions
• Deadlines are a time to get started
• Life happens--deal with it
• Spontaneous, fluid
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THE FOUR TEMPERAMENTS
RATIONALS IDEALISTS
ARTISANS GUARDIANS
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THE GUARDIANSTHE GUARDIANS
ADMINISTRATORS CONSERVATORS
INSPECTORS ISTJ
PROVIDERS ESFJ SUPERVISORS ESTJ
PROTECTORS ISFJ
CONCRETE COMMUNICATORSCOOPERATIVE in implementing goalsHighly skilled in LOGISTICS
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THE IDEALISTSTHE IDEALISTS
ADVOCATES MENTORS
HEALERS INFP
TEACHERS ENFJ CHAMPIONS ENFP
COUNSELORS INFJ
ABSTRACT COMMUNICATORS COOPERATIVE in implementing goals, Highly skilled in DIPLOMATIC INTEGRATION
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THE RATIONALSTHE RATIONALS
ENGINEERS COORDINATORS
Architect INTP
Fieldmarshal ENTJ
Inventor ENTP
Mastermind INTJ
ABSTRACT COMMUNICATORSUTILITARIAN in implementing goalsHighly skilled in STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
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THE ARTISANSTHE ARTISANS
ENTERTAINERS OPERATORS
COMPOSERS ISFP
PROMOTERS ESTP
PERFORMERS ESFP
CRAFTERS ISTP
CONCRETE COMMUNICATORSUTILITARIAN in implementing goals, highly skilled in TACTICAL VARIATION
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Keirsey Temperament Distribution
Total Results Counted = 6440530
Temperament Temperament Percentage Percentage Total Total
Guardian 43.52 2803032
Idealist 30.09 1938263
Rational 13.85 892232
Artisan 12.53 807003
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SPEECH 5Keirsey Temperament Distribution
Total Results Counted =18
Temperament Temperament Percentage Percentage Total Total
Guardian 28 5
Idealist 50 9
Rational 22 4
Artisan 0 0
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Extra Credit!!!
• What type is your instructor?– The first person to
guess correctly earns 25 extra credit points
– Listen for clues– ONE GUESS PER
PERSON
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Extra Credit!!!
• Clues– No one in the class
has the same type as instructor
– Not an Artisan– Two types strongly
expressed– Two types extremely
slightly expressed
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The Generational Divide: The Generational Divide: Old Farts and UpstartsOld Farts and Upstarts
Instructor: Ellen WaddellInstructor: Ellen Waddell
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Sounds of the GenerationsSounds of the Generations
• Sounds of the generations:– perspectives based on life-
changing events
• Workplaces diversified at all levels– Age– Race– Gender– Ethnicity/culture
• Impact of technology
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DEFINING EVENTSDEFINING EVENTS1930s1930s• Great Depression• Election of FDR
1940s1940s• Pearl Harbor• D-Day• VE Day and VI Day• Hiroshima/Nagasaki
1950s1950s• Korean War• TV in every home• McCarthy HCUAA Hearings• Rock n Roll• Salk Polio vaccine introduced
1960s1960s• Vietnam• Kennedy elected• Civil Rights Movement• Kennedy and King
assassinations• Moon landing• Woodstock
1970s1970s• Oil Embargo• Nixon Resigns• First PCs• Women’s Rights Movement
1980s1980s• Challenger Explosion• Fall of Berlin Wall• John Lennon shot• Reagan elected• Savings and Loan Debacle • California: Loma Prieta earthquake
1990s1990sDesert Storm
Oklahoma City bombing
Death of Princess Diana
Clinton Scandals
Internet/PC boom
California: Northridge earthquake
2000s2000sY2K
Dot Com rise and fall
911
War on Terrorism
War with Iraq
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Sounds of the GenerationsSounds of the Generations
• “They have no work ethic. They’re just a bunch of slackers.”
• “A hiring bonus! Wet behind the ears and he wants a hiring bonus! At his age, I was just grateful to have a job.”
• “I have a new role. I will not attend meetings that start after 5 p.m. I have a life.”
• “He asks me, ‘Do you have an e-mail address?’ I felt like telling him, ‘since you were in diapers, buddy.’”
• “She wants a ‘career map.’ I don’t even know if there will be a customer relations department this time next year.”
• If I hear, ‘We tried that in ’87’ one more time, I will scream!”
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The Veterans: 1922-1943The Veterans: 1922-1943 Popular names George and Dorothy
AKA Traditionalists; WWII Generation;
The Silent Generation; Seniors
Defining events The Great Depression; Pearl Harbor; WWII; New Deal; Korean War; Golden Age of Radio; Silver Screen; Rise of Labor Unions
Visible members Harry Belafonte; George Bush Sr.; Jimmy Carter; Phil Donohue; John Glenn; Gloria Steinem
Music of their early years
Swing; Big Band; Glenn Miller; Duke Ellington; Benny Goodman; Tommy Dorsey; Frank Sinatra
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The Baby Boomers: 1943-1960The Baby Boomers: 1943-1960 Popular names Tom and Linda
AKA Boomers
Defining events Prosperity; Children in the spotlight; Television (color); Suburbia; Assassinations; Vietnam; Civil Rights Movement; Flower Children; Woodstock; The Cold War; Women’s Liberation: The Space Race
Visible members Bill & Hilary Clinton; David Letterman; Oprah Winfrey; Jane Pauley; Bill Gates; Rush Limbaugh; Mick Jagger
Music of their early years
Rock n Roll; Acid Rock; Elvis; The Beatles; Rolling Stones; Grateful Dead; Beach Boys; Jimi Hendrix; Janis Joplin; Bob Dylan; Supremes; Temptations
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The Generation Xers: 1960-1980The Generation Xers: 1960-1980 Popular names Devon and Li
AKA Xers; Twenty-somethings; Thirteeners; Baby busters; Post-boomers
Defining events Watergate/Nixon resigns; Latchkey kids; Stagflation; Single-parent homes; MTV; AIDS; Computerized games/emergence of PCs; Challenger disaster; Wall Street/S&L; Fall of Berlin Wall; Persian Gulf; Glasnost & Perestroika
Visible members George Stephanopoulis; Kurt Cobain; Jewel; Brad Pitt; Michael Jordan; Matt Groening; Neil Stephenson; Michael Dell
Music of their early years
Disco; Rap; Raggae; Elton John; Bruce Springstein; Tina Turner; Bon Jovi; Michael Jackson; Guns n Roses; U2; Prince
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The Nexters: 1980-2000The Nexters: 1980-2000 Popular names Brandon and Crystal
AKA Millennials; Generation Y; Generation 2001; Nintendo Generation; Generation Net; Internet Generation
Defining events Computers; Schoolyard violence; Oklahoma City bombings; It takes a village; TV talk shows; Multiculturalism; Girl’s movement; McGuire and Sosa; 911; War on Terrorism
Visible members Kerri Strug; Macauley Culkin; Tara Lipinski; Chelsea Clinton; LeAnn Rimes
Music of their early years
Alternative Rap; SKA; Remix; Jewel; Puff Daddy; ALanis Morrisette; Toni Braxton; Will Smith; Savage Garden; Spice Girls; Hanson; Garth Brooks; Backstreet Boys; Brintney
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Cross-Generational SuccessCross-Generational Success
• Motivation is key:• Money• Power• Training and experience with influential people• Leisure time• Alternative schedules• Tradition vs. “breaking the mold”• Technology/newest hard and software
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The End