bush geopolitics,simon dalby
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Geopolitics, Empire and the BushDoctrine
Simon Dalby
Carleton Universitywww.carleton.ca/~sdalby
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Geopolitics
The world is actively spatialized, divided up, labeled,
sorted out into a hierarchy of places of greater or lesser
importance by political geographers, other academicsand political leaders. This process provides the
geographical framing within which political elites and
mass publics act in the world in pursuit of their own
identities and interests
(John Agnew, Geopolitics 2003, p. 3).
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Ages of Geopolitics
Civilizational (1825-1875)
European Dominance Naturalized (1875-1945)
"Darwinist" competition
Ideological (1945-1990) Cold War Duality
Globalization (1990- )
(New) Imperialism?
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"New World Order - 1991" Geor ge Bush Sr., Cheney, Wolfowitz etc
War on Iraq - 1991
Pre-eminence - Defense Guidance 1994-99
"We won" the cold war
Never again be vulnerable
Dissuade competition
RMA/Strategic superiority
Pax Americana
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"Globalized" Violence in 1990s End of Bloc divisions
U.N./Territorial Covenant? (Gulf War)
New wars
Somalia, Bosnia, Sierre Leone, Kosovo,
East Timor .
Drug wars
Terrorism
"Ecowars"
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The "Bush" Doctrine Deterrence no longer works
With "us" or with the terrorists
"Rogue" states/ "axis of evil"
"Exercising power without conquest"
Pre-eminence Pre-emption
"Prevention"
"Global War on Terror"
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"Calling 911" "Global" terror not global at all
Saudi radicals - Bin Laden etc.
Land of the two holy places/infidels
US/911 as horizontal escalation
Imperial centre and regional rulers Saudi Arabia and oil/Resource Wars
Analogy with Rome?
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Defense Strategy 2005While the security threats of the 20th century
arose from powerful states that embarked
on aggressive courses, the key dimension of
the 21st century globalization and the
potential proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction mean great dangers may arisefrom relatively weak states and ungoverned
areas. (p. 1.)
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Defense Strategy 2005America is a nation at war
Strategic Objectives
Secure US for direct attack (extremists, WMD)
Secure strategic access, freedom of action
Strengthen alliances and partnerships
Establish favorable security conditions
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Defense Strategy 2005
Mature and Emerging Challenges
Traditional
Irregular
Catastrophic (WMD)
Disruptive (cyber weapons, space etc.)
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Defense Strategy 2005 Accomplish Objectives
Assure allies and friends
Dissuade potential adversaries (developing our own key military advantages)
Deter aggression and counter coercion
(rapidly deployable forces; resolve conflicts
decisively on favorable terms
Defeat adversaries
(at the time, place, and in the manner of ourchoosing)
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Defense Strategy 2005, Forces
Defend the US Homeland
Operate in four forward regions Europe
Northeast Asia
East Asian Littoral
Middle East Southwest Asia Swiftly Defeat Adversaries
Conduct lesser contingencies
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2003
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Defense Strategy 2005, Geography
Facilities
Main Operating Bases
Forward Operating Sites
Cooperative Security Locations
Global Sourcing and Surge
Combatant commanders dont own units
Legal Arrangements (ICC exempt!)
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Barnett's "Core" and "Gap" Globalization inevitable
American lead program
Economic freedom
"Disconnection" the enemy
Forcible regime change
Strategy of "Shrinking the Gap"
Leviathan forces
System administrators/peacekeepers
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The Pentagon's New Map
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Empire! Imperialism as denunciation
Mann Incoherent Empire
Rome analogy Calling 911
Rome, Britain and now US
Fer guson/ Empire & Collossus
Hardt and Negri Empire & Multitude Globalization and Sovereignty
Double exception
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Empire of Disorder?This power which refused to conquer the world, only seeks to fill its
own pockets. We are confronted with a global power that takes
infinitely varied local forms while refusing to think of local variety
except in terms of temporal uniformity; and it succeeds thanks to itsability to establish norms, not to conquer. It is now trying to sustain
this unconquered empire by shirking the requirements that
Machiavelli outlined: the obligation to enrich the conquered peoples
as much as the conquerors.
(Alain Joxe, Empire of Disorder 2002 p. 81)
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Empire of Disorder? US military strategy
Supremacy and preemption doctrine
War on terrorism
US policing/drug wars
Rule without conquest International economic institutions
Resource flow security?
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Rome and America? Grain/ petroleum
Pax/ justice/ order
Legions and garrisons
Militarised culture
Hegemony? Civilisation and salvation
Which religious analogy?
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Britain and America? Fer guson historical comparisons?
Navy and global trade?
Finance capital? Industrial production?
Communications: telegraph vs. internet?
India?
Singapore? Canada?
Australia?
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Current Research Questions How does Bush Doctrine play in
India
Australia Canada
Singapore
Implicit and explicit geopolitical specifications?
Military role in globalization?
Elucidation of politics of Empire
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Geopolitics, Empire and the BushDoctrine
Simon Dalby
Carleton Universitywww.carleton.ca/~sdalby