burns 70% of burn injuries occur in the home. prevention smoke alarms candles (xmas) pan placement...
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BurnsBurns70% of burn
injuries occur in the home
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PreventionPrevention
Smoke alarms Candles (xmas) Pan placement on stoves Fire extinguisher Care around flammable products
– (gasoline, kerosene) Nephew Appliances off Fireplace and wood stoves inspected
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Practice A Family Fire DrillPractice A Family Fire Drill
Ladder for upstairsBaseball bat for windowsStickers on windowsPlan an alternate escape
routeMeet outside at a
designated place
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House Fire ScenarioHouse Fire Scenario
You are in a bedroom, the door is closed, what do you do?
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House Fire ScenarioHouse Fire Scenario
Drop to hands and knees (more toxic next to the floor)
Crawl to door– Feel door, knob
If hot, do not openMost deaths are from
smoke inhalation
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BurnsBurnsThermalChemicalElectrical
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Thermal BurnsThermal BurnsCaused by :
– Flames– Hot objects– Flammable vapor that ignites– Steam or hot liquid
(baby in Texas)
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Thermal Burns: Thermal Burns: What To DoWhat To Do
StopDropRoll
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Thermal Burns: Thermal Burns: What To Do #2What To Do #2
Remove smoldering, hot, or burned clothing
Do not remove “stuck” clothingRemove jewelry (necklace burn)
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Thermal Burns: What To DoThermal Burns: What To Do
Make quick assessment– Check ABC’s
It is appropriate to consider the following but don’t waste time – Determine depth of burn– Determine extent of burn (rule of 9’s
Head = 9% (18% child & infant) One hand and arm = 9% Each leg = 18 % (14% child and infant) Front torso = 18% (9% upper half, 9% lower half) Back torso = 18% (9% upper half, 9% lower half)
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Thermal Burns: Thermal Burns: What To DoWhat To Do
Rule of palm = 1%– Use for scatter burns
See physician for burns to face, hands, feet or genitals
Circumferential burn? See physicianDoes victim have other medical problems?
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Chemical BurnsChemical BurnsCaused by:
–Acids (batteries)–Alkalis (drain cleaners- often
more extensive)–Organic compounds (oil
products)
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Chemical BurnsChemical BurnsIf substance is dry:
– Brush off before rinsing with water– Protect yourself
After brushing off chemical, or after exposure to liquid chemical:
– Rinse with water for 20 minutes or longer– Remove contaminated clothing while flushing with
water– Final rinse? Use soap
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Chemical Burns #2Chemical Burns #2Call poison controlCover with dry sterile dressingDo not try to neutralize a chemical
– (save label)Seek medical attention for all
chemical burns
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Chemical Burn to the EyeChemical Burn to the Eye
Flush 20 minutes with low pressure water– Milk or other non-irritating liquid– Remove contacts– Flush outward– Roll eyeball
Loosely bandage both eyes with cold, wet dressings
Seek medical attention
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Electrical BurnsElectrical Burns
Prevention: – Outlet covers– Breakers – Gadget for checking power– Excessive number of power cords
plugged in
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Electrical BurnsElectrical Burns
External burns may not be present
May induce:– ventricular fibrillation
(cardiac problems)– Respiration problems
“Freeze” due to muscle spasms
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ElectrocutionElectrocution– Electricity travels along nerves and
vessels– Exits body where it is in contact with
ground– May have several exit sites
Surface injury may be “tip of the ice berg”
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Car Accident Involving Power Car Accident Involving Power LineLine
What should you do first?Should you remove victim from the
vehicle?What if you feel tingling in your legs?Should you try to remove downed
wires or poles?(buried power line)
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Someone Has Made Contact Someone Has Made Contact with Power Inside Your with Power Inside Your
HouseHouse
What would you do first?Then :
– Check ABC’s– Treat for shock– Seek medical attention
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What to do for What to do for Electrical BurnsElectrical Burns
Once the power is off, Check ABC’sSpinal injury from fall?Treat for shockMost are 3rd degree
– Cover with sterile dressing, elevate body part– Seek medical attention (burn center)– (combine / lift)
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Degree of BurnsDegree of BurnsFirst-degree (superficial)Second-degree (partial
thickness)Third-degree (full
thickness)
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First Degree Burns First Degree Burns (superficial)(superficial)
Affects outer layer of skinRedness, swelling, tenderness,
painUsually heals without scarring
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Care of First-Degree Care of First-Degree BurnsBurns
Immerse in cold water 10 to 45 minutes or use cold, wet cloths– Cold stops burn progression– May use other liquids– Do not apply cold on burn covering >20% of the body
Aspirin or ibpuprofen Acetaminophen will not reduce inflammation
Bacitracin (no other OTC products)– Aloe vera , moisturizer lotion– Dressing?
Drink plenty of water
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First Degree BurnsFirst Degree Burns
Do not:– Cover first degree burns– Do not use anesthetic sprays with
benzocaine (may cause contact dermatitis)
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Second Degree Burns Second Degree Burns (partial thickness)(partial thickness)
Extends into the inner layer of skin
Blisters, swelling, weeping, severe pain
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Care of Second Degree Care of Second Degree Burns Burns
Immerse in cold water / wet packAspirin or ibuprofenDrink plenty of waterApply bacitracin or Silvedene (do not use home
remedies)Cover burn with non-sticking dressing If burn is extensive:
– Treat for shock / seek medical attention
Do not break blisters Hot tar on lip
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Third Degree BurnsThird Degree Burns Extends through skin, muscle and
bone -Nerve endings are destroyed Discoloration
Area larger than a half-dollar requires tissue removal and grafting to properly heal
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Care of Third Degree Care of Third Degree BurnsBurns
Usually not necessary to apply cold to areas of third degree
Do not apply ointments Apply sterile, non-stick dressings (do not use plastic)Check ABC’sTreat for shockMedical help
– (radiator burn)
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SunburnSunburn Usually 1st degree, sometimes 2nd degree Cool compresses Drink plenty of fluids Fever / chills Use lotions, bacitracin (lake, snow skiing, lips, ears) Prevention:
– Sunscreen: SPF 30 has only 3% > protection than SPF 15 Skin cancer
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Respiratory Tract BurnsRespiratory Tract Burns
All must receive medical care Nose to trachea receives brunt of the burn Swelling may appear in 2 to 24 hours Chlorine
– Add to water Wall paper removers Bathroom cleaning agents (chemistry set)
– Use products in well ventilated area– Don’t mix ammonia and bleach
Toilet bowl flushes
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Other Moderate to Other Moderate to SevereSevere Burns Requiring Burns Requiring
Medical CareMedical Care Under 5 years old / over 55 Breathing difficulties Other injuries Electrical injury Suspected child abuse (teacher liability) 2nd degree >20% of body Third degree