burn-out teologia lima 23 mayo 2011

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Burn-out in the catholicclergy : the example of

India . LeuvenLima, Facultad de Teologia Pontificia y Civil de Lima, 23 de Mayo 2011

Prof. Dr. J. Corveleyn, Dr. EugeneJoseph Newman, sacerdote y Prof.Dr. H. De Witte and Prof. Dr. P. Luyten


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The concepts

BURN-OUT IN GENERAL IN THE CLERGY

AND

ENGAGEMENT IN GENERAL IN THE CLERGY

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(

Freudenberger

&

Richelson

, 1980;

Maslach

& Jackson, 1986;

Maslach

, 1993).

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5


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(

Schaufeli

et al., 2002) 6


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The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI,Maslach , 1986)

Utrecht Work Engagement Scale : (UWES,Schaufeli et al., 2002a)

BURNOUT

EE .91

PA .84

DP .81

ENGAGEMENT

V .87

D .92

A .88

GOOD NEWS - 40.05% BAD NEWS16.04%8


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CLERGY BURNOUT/ENGAGEMENT

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(Demerouti et al ., 2001 a) 10


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COGNITIVEDEMANDS

ROLECLARITY

WORKOVERLOAD

ROLE

CONFLICT

EMOTIONAL DEMANDS

OTHERS

EXPTIONS

AUTONOMY

SKILLUTILIZATION

SUPPORT-PEOPLE

SUPPORT-PRIESTS

SUPPORT-AUTHORITY

++++++

--- --+++++

Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ, Kristensen et al., 2005).

ENGA

GEMENT

BURNOUT

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AGREEABLENESS

EXTRAVERSION

NEUROTICISM

OPENESS TOEXPERIENCE

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

IDEAL WAY OFLIFE

ANTHROPOCENTRIC EGOISM

ANTHROPOCENTRIC ALTRUISM

THEOLOGICALEGOISM

+

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

+

--

+

+

+

+

+

+

BURNOUT

ENGAGE

MENT

The NEO Five -Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa &

McCrae, 1992)

The Unrealistic Expectations Questionnaire (Zondag ,

2000) 13


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Religious attitude: Post-Critical Belief Scale

Literal Affirmation

Literal believer

Symbolic Affirmation

Symbolical believer

Literal unbelieverLiteralDisaffirmation

Symbolic unbelieverSymbolic

Disaffirmation

Inclusion of transcendence

Exclusion of transcendence

Literal Symbolical

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LITERALEXCLUSION

SYMBOLICINCLUSION

LITERALINCLUSION

SYMBOLICEXCLUSION

PRIESTLY IDENTITY

HOURSSPENT

COMMITMENTTO CELIBACY

+

-

-

-

-+

-

--

+

+

+

+

+

BURNOUT

ENGAGE

MENT

The Post -critical Belief Scale , Hutsebaut,1996

Specifically made questionnaires, EugenJoseph Newman, 2010 16


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An outcome is a consequence: a phenomenon that followswhich is caused by some previous phenomena

Burnout is associated with more than a hundred negativeoutcomes (Gill, 1980; Schaufeli & Enzmann , 1998).On the other hand, engagement has been linked to positivework -related outcomes (Bakker et al., 2005; Salanova , Agut ,& Peir , 2005).

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COGNITIVE

STRESS

PHYSICALHEALTH

MINISTERIALCOMMITMENT

MENTALHEALTH

BEHAVIORALSTRESS

MINISTERIALSATISFACTION

B U R N O U T

E N G A G E ME NT

-

--

- +-

+

+

+


-

++

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(http://www.cbcisite.com/)

14

15

1

Population of India: 1.147.995.898

Dioceses in India: 160There are 3 RitesDiocesan priests 14,000Religious priests 13,500

Catholics in India: 17.3 million (less than 2%)

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AGE

27 AND 88YEARSM = 43.2YEARS

SD = 11.8

MINISTERIALEXPERIENCE

1 TO 58 YEARS

M =14.9 YEARS SD =11.9

NATURE OFMINISTRY 74.4%( N = 380)PARISH

25.6% ( N = 112)INSTITUTIONS

EDUCATION

BACHELORS43.2% ( N = 221)

MASTERS 44.4%( N = 227)

PHD 11.5% ( N = 59)

PLACE OFMINISTRY

33.5% ( N = 171)RURAL

49.7% ( N = 254)TOWN

16.8% ( N = 86)METROPOLITAN

CITIES

COMPANIONS ALONE 28.2% ( N = 144);

1 - 26.4% ( N = 135)

2 - 16.8% ( N = 86);

3 - 8 .4 % ( N = 43 )

4 & more 20.2% ( N = 103)

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ANALYSISOF THEDATA

SPSS 16.0

DESCRIPTIVESTATISTICS

PRINCIPALCOMPONENTANALYSIS

CRONBACHALPHA

COEFFICIENTS

PEARSONCORRELATIONCOEFFICIENTS

HIERARCHICALREGRESSIONANALYSIS

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B U R N O U T

PLACE OFMINISTRY

MINISTERIALEXPERIENCE

AGE

COMPANIONS

NATURE OFMINISTRY

EDUCATION

E N G A G E ME N

T

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COGNITIVEDEMANDS

= .76

ROLECLARITY

= .84

WORK OVERLOAD

= .70

ROLE

CONFLICT = .73

EMONAL DEMANDS

= .79

OTHERS

EXPTIONS = .71

AUTONOMY = .76

SKILLUTILIZATION

= .78

SUPPORT-PEOPLE = .81

SUPPORT-PRIESTS

= .88

SUPPORT- AUTHORITY

= .95

+

+

+

-- -+++


ENGA

GEMENT

BURNOUT

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AGREE ABLENESS

= .75

EXTRAVERSION

= .72

NEUROTICISM = .72

OPENESS TOEXPERIENCE

= .46

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

= .81

IDEAL WAY OFLIFE

= .92

ANTHROPOCENTRIC EGOISM

= .83

ANTHROPOCENTRIC ALTRUISM

= .87

THEOLOGICALEGOISM = .87

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

+

+

+

+

BURNOUT

ENGAGE

MENT

The NEO Five -Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa &McCrae, 1992) The Unrealistic Expectations Questionnaire (Zondag ,2000) 24


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LITERAL

EXCLUSION = .77

SYMBOLICINCLUSION

= .56

LITERALINCLUSION

= .56

SYMBOLICEXCLUSION

= .63

PRIESTLY IMAGE = .85

HOURSSPENT = .79

CELIBACY = .85

-

-

-

-+

++

+

Post Critical Belief Scale (Hutsebaut , 1996 ; 1997 ) Questionnaires on Priestly Image, Hours Spent andCelibacy (Joseph, Corveleyn , De Witte & Luyten ,

2006 )

BURNOUT

ENGAGE

MENT

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COGNITIVESTRESS = .89

PHYSICALHEALTH = .78

MINISTERIALCOMMITMENT = .83

MENTALHEALTH = .81

BEHAVIORALSTRESS = .83


= .92

B U R N O U T

E N G A G E ME NT

_ _

+

++ _

_

+

_

PHYSICALHEALTH = .78

MENTALHEALTH = .81

COGNITIVESTRESS = .89

BEHAVIORALSTRESS = .83

MINISTERIALCOMMITMENT

= .83


= .92 26


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EMONAL DEMANDS

COGNITIVE DEMANDS

NEUROTICISM

EXTRAVERSION

AGREEABLENESS

SUPPORT - PEOPLE

SKILL UTILIZATION

SUPPORT-PEOPL SUPPORT-PRIESTS

ANTHRO EGOISM

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

ANTHRO ALTRUISM

CELIBACY

E N G A G E M E N T

B UR N O UT

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Conclusions - recommendations

Importance of psychological factors in the training of future priests:burn-out exists!Invest in processes/procedures of psychological maturity:

Group dynamicsExperience outside the seminary

Discussion groups about: friendship, love, celibacy, personal growthDo not only invest in seminarians and young priest, but investduring the whole career. The need for continuousaccompagnement (age! Is not protecting); the diocesan priest is toomuch left alone, once ordained and put in the job. Despite the

attempt at identifying with Christ, the priest IS not Christ, he is notsuperman!

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References

Eugene Newman Joseph , The psychological phenomena of burnout and engagement in the Indian catholic diocesan clergy: An integrative approach. Promoters: Hans De Witte and Jozef Corveleyn; co-promoter:Patrick Luyten. (Doctoral dissertation; website:

Joseph, E.N., Corveleyn , J., Luyten, P., & De Witte, H. (2010). DoesCommitment to Celibacy lead to Burnout or Enhance Engagement? Astudy among the Indian Catholic Clergy. European Journal of Mental Health, 5, 187-204.

Joseph, E.N., Corveleyn , J., Luyten, P., & De Witte, H. (2010). Is PriestlyMinistry associated with Burnout or Engagement? A Study on the

Associations between Ministerial Demands, Ministerial Resources,Burnout and Engagement among the Indian Clergy. Asian Journal of Religious Formation . Accepted for Publication.

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burn-out teologia lima 23 mayo 2011

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