bureaucracy chapter 10
DESCRIPTION
Bureaucracy Chapter 10. Examining the “Fourth Branch” of Federal Government. Essential Questions. What is the importance of the Federal Bureaucracy?. I CAN:. Define the concept of Bureaucracy and describe its characteristics, structure, and functions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BureaucracyBureaucracyChapter 10Chapter 10
Examining the “Fourth Branch” Examining the “Fourth Branch”
of Federal Governmentof Federal Government
![Page 2: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
What is the What is the importance of importance of the Federal the Federal Bureaucracy?Bureaucracy?
![Page 3: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
I CAN:I CAN:
1.1. Define the concept of Bureaucracy and Define the concept of Bureaucracy and describe its characteristics, structure, and describe its characteristics, structure, and functions.functions.
2.2. Explain the concept of a Bureaucrat and Explain the concept of a Bureaucrat and their functions within the governmenttheir functions within the government
![Page 4: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bureaucracy - A professional
corps of unelected officials organized in a pyramid hierarchy, functioning under impersonal uniform rules and procedures.
![Page 5: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BureaucracyBureaucracy
Offices have Offices have specifiedspecified missions missions and employees are and employees are assigned assigned responsibility based responsibility based on on meritmerit, , knowledge, and knowledge, and experience.experience.
![Page 6: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Organization Cont.Organization Cont.
![Page 7: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
bureaucracybureaucracyDefinition: an administrative
system, especially in a government, that divides work into specific categories carried out by special departments of nonelected officials
![Page 8: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
bureaucracybureaucracy
• literally means “rule by desks”
• government by clerks
![Page 9: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Duty of BureaucracyDuty of Bureaucracy
Most Important Most Important duty: duty: Carry out the Carry out the Day-to-DayDay-to-Day business of the business of the governmentgovernment
![Page 10: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
BureaucratBureaucrat
A A CivilCivil servant servant
Permanent employee Permanent employee of the government. of the government. Hired on basis of Hired on basis of competitive competitive examination and examination and meritmerit..
![Page 11: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Federal Bureaucracy is:The Federal Bureaucracy is:
4 million employees; 2.9 million are 4 million employees; 2.9 million are civilians or civilians or ““civil servantscivil servants””
President only appoints 3% (patronage or President only appoints 3% (patronage or political appointments)political appointments)
15 cabinet level departments15 cabinet level departments200+ independent agencies with 2,000+ 200+ independent agencies with 2,000+
bureaus, divisions, branches, etc. bureaus, divisions, branches, etc. Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal Biggest - Dept. of Defense, U.S. Postal
Service, Veterans AdministrationService, Veterans Administration
![Page 12: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Who are the Who are the ““Bureaucrats?Bureaucrats?”” 97% are career government employees97% are career government employees Only 10% live in the D.C. areaOnly 10% live in the D.C. area 30% work for the D.O.D.30% work for the D.O.D. Less than 15% work for social welfare Less than 15% work for social welfare
agenciesagencies Most are white collar workers: Most are white collar workers:
secretaries, clerks, lawyers, inspectors secretaries, clerks, lawyers, inspectors & engineers& engineers
Civil employees more diverse Civil employees more diverse demographically than Congressdemographically than Congress
![Page 13: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Demographics of Federal Employees
Race/Ethnicity
Native American2%
African American17%
Hispanic7%
Asian5%
Caucasian69%
![Page 14: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bureaucratic StatisticsBureaucratic Statistics
2.92.9 million civilians million civilians 1.41.4 million military million military 4.24.2 million state million state 11.411.4 million local million local
Total: Total: 19.819.8 million million people work for people work for governmentgovernment
![Page 15: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Where do Federal Where do Federal Employees Work?Employees Work?
Source: www.edmonds.wednet.edu/mths/ClassActivities/ Brzovic/policeymakersChapters12-16/
![Page 16: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What Jobs Do Bureaucrats What Jobs Do Bureaucrats Do?Do?
Source: www.edmonds.wednet.edu/mths/ClassActivities/ Brzovic/policeymakersChapters12-16/
![Page 17: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Functions of the Federal Functions of the Federal BureaucracyBureaucracyFunctions of the Federal Functions of the Federal BureaucracyBureaucracy
1.1. ImplementationImplementation - carry out laws of Congress, executive orders of the President
2.2. AdministrationAdministration - routine administrative work; provide services (ex: SSA sends social security checks to beneficiaries)
3.3. RegulationRegulation - issue rules and regulations that impact the public (ex: EPA sets clean air standards)
Source: http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/am_gov/chap6/a0606401.asp
1.1. ImplementationImplementation - carry out laws of Congress, executive orders of the President
2.2. AdministrationAdministration - routine administrative work; provide services (ex: SSA sends social security checks to beneficiaries)
3.3. RegulationRegulation - issue rules and regulations that impact the public (ex: EPA sets clean air standards)
Source: http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/am_gov/chap6/a0606401.asp
![Page 19: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Federal BureaucracyFederal Bureaucracy
President Congress
Executive Officeof the President(Ex: OMB, NSC)
Government Corporations(Ex: Amtrack, Postal Service)
Independent Regulatory Commissions(Ex: FCC, SEC)
Independent Executive Agencies(Ex: CIA, NASA)
CabinetDepartments(Ex: State, Defense)
![Page 20: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Cabinet DepartmentsThe Cabinet DepartmentsThe Cabinet DepartmentsThe Cabinet Departments
• The 15 cabinet departments headed by a cabinet secretary appointed by the president and approved by the Senate
• Each department “expert” in specific policy area
• Each department has its own budget
• Department of Homeland Security, created in 2002, is newest department
![Page 21: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Independent Executive AgenciesIndependent Executive Agencies
Established by Congress with separate Established by Congress with separate status outside the executive branch status outside the executive branch
Given a specific mandate and generally Given a specific mandate and generally perform a service function, not a perform a service function, not a regulatory one. regulatory one.
Some examples include: Social Security Some examples include: Social Security Administration, CIA, NASA, EPA.Administration, CIA, NASA, EPA.
![Page 22: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Independent Independent AgenciesAgencies
Similar to cabinet Similar to cabinet departments but departments but usually have a usually have a narrowernarrower area of area of responsibilityresponsibility
Ex: NASA, CIAEx: NASA, CIA Perform services for Perform services for
the executive branchthe executive branch
![Page 23: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Independent Regulatory CommissionsIndependent Regulatory Commissions
IRCs exist to regulate a specific economic IRCs exist to regulate a specific economic activity or interest such as the activity or interest such as the Federal Federal Communications CommissionCommunications Commission (public air (public air waves) or waves) or Federal Reserve BoardFederal Reserve Board (banking (banking system, money supply)system, money supply)
IRCs operate independently from Congress IRCs operate independently from Congress and the Presidentand the President
Once appointed and seated, members Once appointed and seated, members cannot be removed without causecannot be removed without cause
![Page 24: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Regulatory Regulatory CommissionsCommissions
Administrative units that Administrative units that have responsibility for have responsibility for the the monitoringmonitoring and and regulationregulation of ongoing of ongoing economic activitieseconomic activities
Created to make rules Created to make rules for large industries and for large industries and businesses that affect businesses that affect public interestpublic interest
Under intense pressure Under intense pressure from lobbyistsfrom lobbyists
Ex: EPA (environment), Ex: EPA (environment), SEC (stocks and bonds)SEC (stocks and bonds)
![Page 25: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Government CorporationsGovernment Corporations
Government owned businesses Government owned businesses created by Congress created by Congress
May or may not be profitable, but May or may not be profitable, but serve a public needserve a public need
Ex: U.S. Postal Service, Amtrak, Ex: U.S. Postal Service, Amtrak, Tennessee Valley Authority, Tennessee Valley Authority, Corporation for Public BroadcastingCorporation for Public Broadcasting
![Page 26: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Government Government CorporationsCorporations
Are similar to Are similar to privateprivate organizations in that organizations in that they can they can chargecharge for for their services but their services but differ in that they differ in that they receive receive federalfederal fundingfunding
Ex: TVA, USPS, Ex: TVA, USPS, AmtrakAmtrak
![Page 27: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Organization of the Federal BureaucracyOrganization of the Federal Bureaucracy
Source: www.edmonds.wednet.edu/mths/ClassActivities/ Brzovic/policeymakersChapters12-16/
![Page 28: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Characteristics of a Characteristics of a BureaucracyBureaucracy
• administration of government through departments
• consists of unelected often highly trained professionals
• task specialization• hierarchical authority
![Page 29: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Public PerceptionsPublic Perceptionsof Bureaucraciesof Bureaucracies
• impersonal
• inclined to follow rigid or complex procedures
• may stifle effectiveness and innovation
• “red tape”
![Page 30: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Title: The Damages of the
Bureaucracy
Artist: unknown, La Presna, Panama
Date: May, 2006
Source: http://www.politicalcartoons.com
![Page 31: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Criticism of BureaucracyCriticism of BureaucracyI. RED TAPEtoo many rigid procedures too many policies with no flexibility for special circumstancestoo many forms to fill out, lines to wait
II. INEFFICIENCYlack of incentive to be productive
III. DUPLICATION OF SERVICESbureaucracy is so complicated agencies are performing similar or sometimes the same functions
(Dept. of Commerce overlaps with Dept. of Agriculture, GSA overlaps with Dept. of Interior, etc.)federalism makes this more complicated--many services are provided at both the state and national levels.
![Page 32: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Criticisms ContinuedCriticisms ContinuedIV. BUREAUCRACY IS LAW MAKERregulations end up having the effect of law.duty of implementing laws often allows bureaucrats to interpret those laws.
V. BUREAUCRACY IS TOO BIGprivatization would be more effective
VI. BUREAUCRACY MAY BE CORRUPTiron triangle -the relationship between the Executive branch, Congress, and interest groups can lead to policy-making decisions which benefit private interests at the expense of the public good.
![Page 33: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Title: Title: Federal Employees Self Esteem ClassFederal Employees Self Esteem Class
Artist: Chip Bok Date: unknownSource: http://www.reason.com/9602/bok.gif
![Page 34: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The President Supervises the The President Supervises the BureaucracyBureaucracy
The President can:The President can:
• appoint & remove appoint & remove agency agency headsheads
• reorganize the reorganize the bureaucracybureaucracy
• issue executive ordersissue executive orders
• reduce an agency's reduce an agency's budgetbudget
President Bush speaks about his budget priorities for FY 2007
![Page 35: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Congress Oversees the BureaucracyCongress Oversees the BureaucracyCongress can:Congress can:
create or abolish agencies create or abolish agencies & departments & departments
cut or reduce funding cut or reduce funding
investigate agency activitiesinvestigate agency activities
hold committee hearings hold committee hearings
pass legislation that alters pass legislation that alters an agency's functionsan agency's functions
influence or even fail to confirm influence or even fail to confirm presidential appointmentspresidential appointments
Former FEMA Chie Michael Brown testifies before
House committee investigating Hurricane Katrina
![Page 36: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Federal Courts Check the BureaucracyFederal Courts Check the Bureaucracy
Federal courts can:Federal courts can:
through through judicial reviewjudicial review rule on whether the rule on whether the bureaucracy has acted bureaucracy has acted within the law and the within the law and the U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution
provide due process for provide due process for individuals affected by individuals affected by a bureaucratic actiona bureaucratic action Supreme Court of the United States
![Page 37: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
QuestionQuestion
Why do you think that the Why do you think that the organization of organization of Bureaucracies are so Bureaucracies are so confusing?confusing?
![Page 38: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
What is the What is the major major importance of importance of the Federal the Federal Bureaucracy?Bureaucracy?
![Page 39: Bureaucracy Chapter 10](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56814003550346895dab3a10/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Works Cited PageWorks Cited Page
http://www.federalbudget.com/chartinfo.html
www.youthleadership.net The Federal Bureaucracy: Examining the The Federal Bureaucracy: Examining the
Fourth BranchFourth Branch