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World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
The First Arabs
The Arabs were _____________ who, because of their hostile surroundings,
moved constantly to find water and food.
o They formed tribes to help one another.
Arabs traveled between _____________ and rain-fed areas.
o After the domestication of the __________ they were able to travel
more throughout the desert.
Towns and trade routes developed along the _________________________,
and Arabs became known for transporting goods between the Indian Ocean
and the Mediterranean Sea.
o However, tensions arose as increasingly wealthy merchants showed
little concern for the poor people or slaves.
Arabs were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods.
They all worshipped a massive black meteorite, the ___________________,
that was a symbol of their sacred beliefs.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
Muhammad: The Founder of Islam
570: Born in _____________, and orphaned at age five.
Although he married into a wealthy merchant family, over time Muhammad
became troubles by the greediness of the wealthy, and the growing gap
between the rich and the poor.
610: Muhammad believed the Angel ____________ spoke to him.
o Gabriel told Muhammad that he was to deliver the messages and
revelations of _____________________ to the Arabic tribes.
Muhammad had knowledge of the Jewish and Christian monotheistic
beliefs. He knew that Allah (God) had already spoken to the people through
_______________ such as Moses and Jesus.
o Muhammad believed that Allah’s teachings were now being given to
him.
622: Local merchants in Mecca resented Muhammad’s growing influence,
and fearing for his life (and his followers) he fled to ________________.
o Known as “Hijrah” in the Muslim calendar.
While in Medina he became a very popular religious leader, especially
among the people known as the Bedouin.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
630: Muhammad returned to Mecca with an __________ to recapture the
city.
o Muhammad saw _______________________ between religion and
politics. Submitting to God was for faith and government.
632: Muhammad became ill and ___________.
By the time of his death, most Arabian tribes had converted to Islam.
Basic Beliefs of Islam
_____________________________
o One God, called “Allah”
Emphasizes ___________________ and offers hope of an afterlife.
Muhammad is a ______________, like Moses, and Allah sent His message
to Muhammad because there were still unbelievers in the world.
The Quran
What is it? The sacred text of Islam
What does it say?
o Believed to be the ________________________ revealed to
Muhammad.
o Has 114 chapters.
o Discusses forms of worship, proper behavior, and religious beliefs.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
The Quran contains many references to ___________ and ______________
Muslims are supposed to treat Jews & Christians with _______________
since they worship the _____________________.
Muslims believe in a concept called “___________,” which translates as
“striving in the way of God,” or “__________________________________
_______________________.”
This refers to the triumph of Islam and Allah’s word in the world, however,
its meaning has been debated throughout modern times.
“Jihad” is sometimes used as justification for _________________________
who claim they are struggling against the non-believers of the world.
o Scholars argue that the true meaning is distorted and misused.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam
1) Faith: ________________________________________________________
2) Prayer: _______________________________________________________
3) Charity: ______________________________________________________
4) Fasting: ______________________________________________________
5) Pilgrimage: ___________________________________________________
Values
o _________________________
o Be kind to neighbors
o Protect widows and orphans
o _________________________
Forbids
o Gambling
o Pork
Condemns
o _____________________
o _____________________
o _____________________
o _____________________
Regulates
o _____________________
o Divorce
o Inheritance
o Business
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
o Alcohol
The Rise of Islam
When Muhammad died, a group of Muslim leaders chose a new leader,
__________________.
o Muhammad had several daughters, but no ___________
o The leader is called a “___________,” which means “successor to
Muhammad.”
The caliphs lead the Arabs on missions to spread the Islamic faith and
conquer land in the name of Allah.
640: Took the Byzantine province of ______________
642: Took the areas of _________________________
650: Took the entire ________________ empire
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
Islam’s Treatment of Conquered People
Non-believers were either made to ____________ or be _______________
Interactions between Jews, Christians, and Muslims were ______________
Jews & Christians were treated with respect.
o ___________________________ and regulating
o Organized their own schools and local laws
o Paid special _______________
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
The Split of Islam Despite Arab success, many non-Arab Muslims did not like the way
administrators favored the Arabs. Growing territory also made it difficult for the caliphate to effectively rule
the entire Muslim empire. A son-in-law of Muhammad led a revolt in 680 to demand changes in
Islamic leadership.o His warriors abandoned him, and all 72 died.
Suddenly there was conflict over who should rightfully rule over Islam.
_____________ Muslims
Accept the __________________
leaders as caliph.
Began with the Umayyad family,
and later switched to the
Abbasid family.
____________ Muslims
Believe only the __________________
of Muhammad should be caliph.
Most Shia’s live in __________ &
____________ the radical groups.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
Majority of the world are
___________ Muslims.
Islam’s Golden Age of Culture
During the reign of the Abbasid family.
Broke down the differences between Arabs and other cultures.
Allowed __________________________ to participate in government,
intermarry, and work in business.
The city of ________________ became the center of a large trading network
Culture: A blend of Greek, Roman, Persian, Jewish, and Byzantine.
Mathematics:
o Concept of _____________
o ______________________________
o Advances in algebra and geometry
Medicine:
o Discovered that blood flowed ____________________ the heart.
o Diagnosed diseases like measles and small pox.
Architecture:
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellThe History of Islam
o _________________ and palaces
o Mosaics and geometrics designs
Arts & Crafts:
o Geometric stars and flowers
o Textiles, leather, rugs, and rich colors