bulletin of the natural history museum - plovdiviv editorialboard editor-in-chief:...

Bulletin of the Natural HistoryMuseum - Plovdiv

Volume 2December 2017

REGIONAL NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM – PLOVDIV

UNIVERSITY OF PLOVDIV PUBLISHING HOUSE

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International Standard Serial NumberOnline ISSN 2534-9635; Print ISSN 2534-9627

Bulletin of the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv“ (Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv)is the official scientific bulletin of the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv, published byPlovdiv University Press. The journal accepts submissions of original studies in the fieldof paleontology, natural history, geology and speleology, zoology, botany, ecology,biogeography, museology, history of natural studies, information about museumcollections, etc.The official language of the journal is English. Exceptions are possible, certain

manuscript may be published in Bulgarian language, with extensive abstract in English.

Periodicity: Annually – one issue per year (December).

Type: Open Access, hard copy and electronically. Free of charge to publish.

About the JournalIn 1970, the Natural History Museum - Plovdiv issues Volume 1 of the journal

"Bulletin of the Natural Science Museum Plovdiv”. In 1973 Volume 2 was released.Before the release of the independent journal of the Natural History Museum -

Plovdiv, researchers at the museum published their articles in "Annuals of the Museums inthe Plovdiv Region" and from 1975 in "Bulletin of the museums in Southern Bulgaria",which was published until 1995 (a total of 21 volumes).With the creation of the Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - Plovdiv, the

Regional Museum of Natural History - Plovdiv resumed issuing its scientific journal. Inthe magazine accepted for posting short messages (up to 4 pages), original research papers(from 4 to 10 pages) and review articles (over 10 pages) in the above mentioned fields andshaped according to the instructions for authors.The logo of the journal is the paleoendemic beetle Rhodopaea angelovi (Gruev & Tomov,

19681), known only from a small area in the Rhodope Mountains, south of Plovdiv. Thespecies is named after Professor Emeritus Pavel Angelov, one the first directors of themuseum, who collected the type specimens.

From the Editorial Board

1 Gruev B., V. Tomov. 1968. A new genus and species Rhodopaea angelovi gen. et sp. n. (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae) from Bulgaria. Rev. Ent. URSS, XLVII(3):553-555 (in Russian with English summary).

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Editorial Board

Editor-In-Chief:Chief Assist. Prof. Ognyan Todorov, PhD(Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Co-Editor-In-Chief:Assoc. Prof. Dilian Georgiev, DSc(University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology andEnvironmental Conservation - Plovdiv; Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Managing Editor:Chief Assist. Prof. Ivelin Mollov, PhD(University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology andEnvironmental Conservation - Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Editorial Secretary:Gergana Kicheva(Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Associate Editors:Prof. Dimitar Bechev, DSc(University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Faculty of Biology, Department of Zoology - Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Prof. Ruslan Kostov, DSc(University of Mining and Geology - Sofia, Bulgaria)

Prof. Radoslav Andreev, PhD(Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Prof. Zlatozar Boev, DSc(National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Sofia, Bulgaria)

Assoc. Prof. Toshko Liubomirov, PhD(Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Sofia, Bulgaria)

Contact Publisher

Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv

34 Hrysto G. Danov Str., Plovdiv 4000,BULGARIA; Phone: +359 32 626683;

University of Plovdiv Publishing House

24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, BULGARIA

E-mail: [email protected]: http://rnhm.org/en/

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Open Access Policy

Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - Plovdiv provides immediate open access to its contenton the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater globalexchange of knowledge. Open Access in journal publishing means:* Direct, barrier-free, online dissemination of scientific results at no charge for readers Authorsretain the copyright of their articles,* Open Access papers may be copied, downloaded, and used for text- and data-mining purposes,provided that such uses are fully attributed on a non-commercial basis,* High visibility of the work – anyone can read your article at no charge,* Higher citation rates due to higher visibility,* Quick publishing as pre-prints published immediately upon acceptance,* Articles are archived and searched through several major OA repositories

Peer review process

All articles included in “Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - Plovdiv” are peer reviewed.Submitted manuscripts are sent to two or three independent peer reviewers, unless they are eitherout of scope or below threshold for the journal. These manuscripts will generally be reviewed byexperts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. The journal uses the doubleanonymity standard for the peer-review process.

Abstracting & Coverage

- Index Coupernicus (ICv2016= 46.77)- Academic Research Index (Research Bible)- Journal Factor- Academic Keys- Journal Impact Factor- Scientific Indexing Services- International Innovative Journal Impact Factor (IIJIF)- Google Scholar Search Engine and others.

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Bulletin of the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv

2017, Volume 2 - Contents

Editorial

The Paleontological Collection of the Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv (In Bulgarian)Dilian G. Georgiev.................................................................................................................. vii-xi

Research Articles

Fossil records of Rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotoidea Gray, 1821), Chalicotheres (Chalicotherioidea Gill,1872) and Brontotheres (Brontotherioidea (Marsh, 1873) (Peryssodactyla Owen, 1848 - MammaliaLinnaeus, 1758) in BulgariaZlatozar N. Boev.......................................................................................................................1-7

Bone Remains of the Late Antiquity – Early Medieval Deposits of the National Academy of Art(Sofia, Bulgaria)Zlatozar N. Boev.....................................................................................................................9-11

Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiinae) of the Agro-ecosystems at the Experimental Fieldsof Plovdiv CityOgnyan B. Todorov ................................................................................................................ 13-15

Cacyreus marshalli (Butler, 1898) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Confirmed for the Republic ofMacedoniaNikola Micevski, Branko Micevski ...........................................................................................17-20

Current Status, Distribution and Habitat of the Threatened Species Myricaria germanica(Tamaricaceae) in BulgariaYulian Marinov, Dimitar Dimitrov2, Chavdar Gussev3, Kalina Pachedjieva ...................................... 21-28

Short notes

Two Species from the genus Liposcelis Motschulsky, 1852 - New to the Fauna of Bulgaria Found inthe Building of the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv (Insecta: Psocoptera)Dilian G. Georgiev................................................................................................................. 29-30

Reports of Caecilius fuscopterus (Latreille, 1799) and Lachesilla quercus (Kolbe, 1880) in Bulgaria withsome Additional Barkfly Records (Insecta: Psocoptera)Dilian G. Georgiev, Ognyan B. Todorov..................................................................................... 31-32

Book reviews and Anniversaries

Professor Yanko Kolarov at Seventy Years of Age (In Bulgarian)Dimitar N. Bechev...................................................................................................................... 33

Professor Pavel Angelov at Eighty Five Years of Age (In Bulgarian)Dimitar N. Bechev..................................................................................................................35-36

© Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdivhttp://rnhm.org/en/

Regional Natural History Museum – PlovdivUniversity of Plovdiv Publishing House

Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - PlovdivBull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv, 2017, vol. 2: vii-xi

Editorial

Палеонтологичната сбирка на Регионален Природонаучен Музей – Пловдив

Дилян Г. Георгиев*

Пловдивски университет “Паисий Хилендарски”, Биологически факултет, катедра“Екология и ООС”, ул. “Цар Асен” №24, Пловдив, 4000, БЪЛГАРИЯРегионален природонаучен музей - Пловдив, ул. “Христо Г. Данов” 34,

Пловдив, 4000, БЪЛГАРИЯ* Автор за кореспонденция: [email protected]

Abstract. The current article presents the history of the paleontological collection of the NaturalHistory Museum in Plovdiv from its creation to contemporary state.

Key words: paleontological collection, Regional Natural History Museum - Plovdiv, history.

Началото на палеонтологичната сбиркана днешния Регионален ПриродонаученМузей в град Пловдив е поставено вколежът „Свети Августин“, наричанФренският колеж. Той е бил мъжкокатолическо средно училище, съществувалов края на XIX и първата половина на XXвек в града. Преподавателят по история,отец Борис Таверние (Boris (Augustin)Travernier), създава педагогически музей къмколежа. С всеотдайния си труд той иколегата му Херман Гислер, провеждатекскурзии за събиране на материали,закупуват, разменят и приемат дарения наценни експонати. Благородната дейностзапочва при пристигането на отец Таверниев България през 1898 г.

След закриването на колежа през 1948 г.,музейната сбирка е дарена на Историческиямузей в Пловдив (1951 г.), а част отекспонатите - и в колекциите наБиологическия факултет на Пловдивскияуниверситет и някои училища в града. През1952 г. е предоставена специална сграда, вкоято материалите от Историческия музейда бъдат съхранени и изложени запосетители – началото на Природонаучниямузей в Пловдив.

Голяма част от материалите на Френскияколеж, намиращи се в експозицията ифонда на Природонаучния музей в град

Пловдив сега, представляват най-вечекарбонски отпечатъци на растителнивидове – лепидодендрони (напримерLepidodendron sternbergii, L. elegans), папрати(напр. Pecopteris polymorpha, Neuropteris flexuosa,Walchia piniformis), сигиларии (напр. Sigillariatesselata, S. elongata, S. boblayi, S. pachyderma) идруги (Фиг. 1). Не малка е обаче сбирката иот фосилни безгръбначни, представителина различни геологични периоди. Важнимузейни експонати са двата малкитрилобита Arionellus и Paradoxides, изложенив настоящата експозиция. Има също имного фосилни миди, охлюви, амонити,белемнити, бодлокожи. Малко са, обачефосилите от гръбначни животни,наследени от Френския колеж. Наличнисега в музея са няколко зъба от мастодонтии слонове (Mamut borsoni, Elephas antiquus),зъби от пещерна мечка (Ursus spelaeus) ихипарион (Hipparion gracile). За съжаление встарата инвентарна книга на музея четем иза зъби от саблезъб тигър махайродус(Machaerodus), които обаче не са налични сега.

В ранните години на Природонаучниямузей в Пловдив започва интензивнообновяване и обогатяване на палеонтоло-гичната сбирка.

Ценни екземпляри са двете плочки сотпечатъци на граптолити, дарени от Хр.Спасов и събрани в района на град Своге,


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съдържащи няколко вида: Cyrtograptuslundgerni, Monograptus testis, Spirograptus sp. иCyrtospirifer disinctus.

Гръбначните се обогатяват от сбиркив района на пясъчните, миоценскиотложения до с. Ахматово и други близкирайони. Първата записана дата на събиранена фосил от пясъчната кариера на селоАхматово е от юни 1970. Това е долна лявамандибула на мастодонт определен тогавакато “Anancus arvernesis” (инв. №165).Сборове има обаче и преди това, но вдокументацията липсват колекционниданни, включително и датата на събиране.Сборовете от този интересен район отекипа на музея начело с директора ИлкоБасамаков продължават до 1981 г. Не малкоучастие в събирането на фосили отмиоценски бозайници вземат и местнитехора от района: господин Томов отнародното читалище „Просвета” в селоБогданица, Георги Траков от с. Ахматово,Никола Топов от с. Поповица и други.Фосили от този период постъпват и отрайона на Садово – от Христо Синков едарен бивен зъб от Chaerolophodon pentelicus.Много от костите и зъбите събрани тогаваса определяни с помощта на геоложката намузея Стоянка Попова и Иван Николов отНационалния Природонаучен Музей вСофия. Най-богата е сбирката от фосили намастодонти, но има и такива от носорози(Aceratherium incisivum и Dicerorhinusschleiermacheri), хипариони, антилопи и единценен зъб на жирафоподобнияхеладотериум (Helladotherium), изложени внастоящата експозиция (Фиг. 2). Някои оттези находки са публикувани в списанията„Известия на Природонаучния музейПловдив” (НИКОЛОВ & БАСАМАКОВ, 1970),„Известия на музеите от Южна България”(БАСАМАКОВ & НИКОЛОВ, 1978; НИКОЛОВ& БАСАМАКОВ, 1979) и др.

През 1972 г. са събирани нумулити отрайона на град Ловеч – от скалите довисящия мост над река Осъм (Фиг. 2). Частот тези лещоподобни фосили са изложенисега и в експозицията.

През 1981 г. е извършено дарение отГеолого-Географския факултет наСофийския университет. В музея постъпват12 екземпляра наутилус и амонити отразлични видове (Nautilus yurdani, Pleurocerasspinatum, Esericeras inaequum и др.).

Фиг. 1. Етикет и стар инвентарен номер нафосилна папрат Pecopteris polymorpha от

колежа „Свети Августин”.

Фиг. 2. Нумулитите от фонда на музея соригиналния им етикет.

Ценни олигоценски фосили от рибитедапалис (Dapalis macrurus) са депозирани през1988 г. Тези отпечатъци върху плоскаваровикова скала са открити при геоложкипроучвателни дейности в района наАсеновград и дарени от Кирил Бронкин.Сега са изложени в експозицията на музея.

По-късно, пещернякът и препаратор вмузея, Стефан Кюркчиев със свои колеги отпещерен клуб „Пълдин” откриха въвВодната пещера до гр. Пещера множествокости от мечки – пещерна и кафява мечка.Фосилите са грижливо събрани, описани идепозирани в музея. Сглобен и изложен въвфоайето е скелет на пещерна мечка, откостите на няколко индивида (KYURKCHIEV&GEORGIEV, 2016).

През 2013 г. сбирката с фосили, беобогатена от мен, като те бяха от няколкоместа.

Най-рано събраните материали (юни2007 и юли 2008 г.) са от района на Каварна

Дилян Г. Георгиев

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и представляват черупки от Сарматски морскии сухоземни миди и охлюви – Helix toulai,Sarmatimactra vitaliana, S. bulgarica и др. (Georgiev &Stoycheva, 2009). Те бяха събрани в района настадиона на града и скалите до плажа.

След това с колеги пещерняци няколкогодини събирахме кости от най-различнипещери в България – Мъгливия сняг, Пчена,Кокалената, Килийките, пещерите в Сърненагора и други (Георгиев & Стойчева, 2010;Georgiev et al., 2009; 2014). Най-значими, обачепо обем, бяха костите на пещерни мечки (идруги, малко на брой екземпляри бозайници:козирог (Capra ibex), тур (Bos primigenius), лисица(Vulpes vulpes), сляпо куче (Nannospalax leucodon) идр., и някои видове птици), които събрахме отпода на пещерата до с. Христо Даново в Старапланина при две експедиции, съпроводени сразкопки по цяла нощ. Тези от първото ходене

занесохме в Националния Природонаученмузей на проф. Николай Спасов, койтоопредели и някои от видовете. Материалите отвторите разкопки сега се намират в музея вПловдив. От тях прави впечатление почтизапазената мандибула на стар мъжки пещеренмечок, която по своята дължина надминавацелия череп на Кодиакските гризли (Фиг. 3).Може да се види в сегашната експозиция намузея. От пещерните разкопки беше интереснаи находката на челната част от черепа накозирог. Открих този фосил случайно, съвсемслабо подаващ се и почти изцяло калцирансред едни синтрови джобчета с вода в пещераПчена, в които търсих пещерни мамарци –събирани от мен и доц. Петър Берон припредишно посещение там. Разбира се, сегарядката находка от плейстоценски козирогкраси витрината на експозицията в музея.

Фиг. 3.Мандибула от изключително едър мъжки на пещерна мечка –сега в експозицията на музея.

По-късно събрах някои миоценскифосили от пясъчната кариера на с.Спасово – това, което бе останало следколекционерите и българо-френскитеекспедиции в търсене на прочутия вечехоминид. Някои фосили предадох на проф.Николай Спасов, други сега са вПловдивския музей. Най-интересна находкае малкия фрагмент от мандибула на древнопорче, вероятно от род Proputorius. Векспозицията за сравнение е изложен докостите от гигантския дейнотериум(Deinotherium gigantissimum).

През пролетта на 2014 г. постъпих навтори договор в музея и макар да помагах в

библиотеката и отдел „Гръбначни”,основната ми работа бе свързана с отдел„Палеонтология”. Задачата ми бе да събера,съхраня и систематизирам палеонтоло-гичната сбирка в музея, а след това – даизбера подходящи образци за новатаекспозиция след ремонта на сградата. Впродължение на една година, фосилитебяха реставрирани и етикетирани. След това,ремонтните дейности наложиха тяхнотопренасяне от тавана до стълбището къмнего, а след известен престой там и в мазето.След около още една година, част от тяхотново бяха качени на тавана в новотопомещение предназначено за фонд, а други


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останаха долу в експозицията. Някоифосили пострадаха леко, но бяхавъзстановени, при наводнението на едно отпомещенията, в което се съхраняваха иминералите и скалите на отдел „Геология”.През този период много важно посещение,по моя молба, направи колегата отсофийския музей д-р Георги Марков,специалист по изкопаемите хоботни. Снегова помощ бяха описани и определенипочти всички фосили от мастодонти,слонове и мамути в колекцията.

Значително дарение на фосили постъпипрез 2015 г. Фосилите са събирани отХристо Петков Каращлиев – учител погеография от град Хасково. Той е събиралматериалите дълги години, след което ги е

дарил на местния музей. След това тепостъпват в природонаучния музей вПловдив. Това са над 400 отделниекземпляра горно еоценски мекотели,бодлокожи, корали и други морскибезгръбначни събирани от околностите наХасково (най-много в района на воднатакула по пътя за гр. Кърджали и до стадиона).

Друго много значимо дарение постъпиот доц. Владимир Бозуков от Института поБотаника – няколко добре запазенифосилизирани плиоценски листа надървета и някои тревисти растения. Порадилипсата на образци от този период в музеятази сбирка е много ценна – част от тезивкаменелости са изложени във витринатаобхващаща периода плиоцен (Фиг. 4).

Фиг. 4. Фосилизирано листо на плиоценска топола от експозицията на музея.

Съвременната експозиция съдържащапалеонтологичните експонати на музея епоместена в приземния етаж на сградата вблизост до терариума. Залата е изграденасъс стени и таван, напомнящи пещера.Покрай стените в общо дванадесет витрини,по часовниковата стрелка са представениотделните периода от геологичното миналона Земята. Най-богати на видове, естественоса образците от периодите карбон, юра,еоцен, миоцен и плейстоцен. Не липсватобаче и кредни и олигоценски фосили, аколекцията от фосилни плиоценски

растения е значима. На заден фон въввитрините са представени възстановки надревни пейзажи и реконструкции наотдавна изчезнали животни и растения.Някои експонати са новозакупени и са, илипредстои да бъдат, изложени въввитрините – например трилобити и зъби отгигантската миоценска акула мегалодон(Megalodon). Не на последно място е иначалото на осъществяването на идеята надиректора на музея, д-р Огнян Тодоров, зацял един отдел представящ живота иразнообразието на динозаврите.

Дилян Г. Георгиев

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Фиг. 5. Изглед към зала „Палеонтология” и витрините прадставящипериода миоцен.

ЛитератураБасамаков И., И. Николов. 1978. Нови

находки на плиоценска иплейстоценска бозайна фауна отЮжна България. Известия на музеитеот Южна България, 4: 23-35.

Георгиев Д., С. Стойчева. 2010. Новокъсно-плейстоценско находище наалпийски козирог (Capra ibex L.)(Mammalia: Bovidae) в България.ZooNotes, 14: 1-4.

Николов И., И. Басамаков. 1970. Новинаходки от плиоценската бозайнафауна от с. Ахматово, Пловдивско.Известия на Природонаучния музейПловдив, 1: 65-70.

Николов И., И. Басамаков. 1979.Терциерна и Кватернерна бозайнафауна от Пловдивско иСтарозагорско. Известия на музеитеот Южна България, 5: 33-45.

Тодоров О. 2016. Регионален природо-научен музей – Пловдив. Bulletin of

the Natural History Museum – Plovdiv, 1:vii-xiv.

Georgiev D., S. Stoycheva. 2009. LateMiocene Molluscs from the NorthBlack Sea Coast of Bulgaria. TheMalacologist, 52: 18-19.

Georgiev D., L. Yankov, S. Stoycheva, S.Deleva, P. Zhelev, A. Pavlova, M.Zagorska. 2009. New localities ofQuaternary fossil Bears (Ursus sp. L.)(Mammalia: Carnivora: Ursidae). -ZooNotes, 8: 1-4.

Georgiev D., L. Yankov, T. Tanev, D.Kostov, T. Madzharov, G. Dilovski.2014. New Quaternary remains ofterrestrial vertebrates of some cavesin Bulgaria. ZooNotes, 63: 1-3.

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© Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv http://rnhm.org/en/

Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv University of Plovdiv Publishing House

Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - Plovdiv

Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv, 2017, vol. 2: 1-7

Fossil records of Rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotoidea Gray, 1821), Chalicotheres (Chalicotherioidea Gill, 1872) and Brontotheres (Brontotherioidea (Marsh, 1873) (Peryssodactyla Owen, 1848 -

Mammalia Linnaeus, 1758) in Bulgaria

Zlatozar N. Boev*

National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Blvd. Tsar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, BULGARIA

* Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract. The fossil record of the Rhinoceroses, Chalicotheres and Brontotheres in Bulgaria covers 34 taxa from a total of 53 localities dated from the Oligocene to the Late Pleistocene: Rhinocerotoidea (27 taxa), Chalicotherioidea (5), and Brontotherioidea (2). Most widely spread were Aceratherium incisivum (established in 15 localitiees), Dihoplus schleiermacheri (13), Coelodonta antiquitatis (6), and Ancylotherium pentelicum (5). The majority of the localities (27) are concentrated along the largest Bulgarian rivers - Struma (14 localities), Iskar (6). Maritsa (5), and Mesta (2), as well as the Sofia Valley (9) and the Burgas lowland (3). Key words: Fossil, perissodactyls, Neogene, Miocene.

Introduction Chalicotheres (Chalicotherioidea Gill, 1872)

and Brontotheres (Brontotherioidea (Marsh, 1873) are fossil group of peryssodactyls, while Rhinocerotoidea (Gray, 1821) survived through rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae Gray, 1820) with 4 genera and 5 species (DINERSTEIN, 2011): white rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817), black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758), Sumatran rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Fischer, 1814)[3], Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822[3], and Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus, 1758. All they have Old World subtropical and tropical distribution in Africa and Asia.

Territory of Bulgaria, Balkans and all Europe lies on out of the recent range of Rhinocerotidae. Although many records of fossil rhinoceroses from Europe documented very well the former distribution of these perissodactyls in the Western Palearctic in the Paleogene (Oligocene)

and Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene), data from Bulgaria and Balkans complete the information on their final former presence in Europe before the drastic range restriction to Southern regions of Aftica and Asia today (Rhinoceratidae), or total extinction (Chalicotheriidae and Brontotheriidae). Present study aims to gather all scattered information on the fossil history of these three superfamilies of Peryssodactyla in Bulgaria.

Material and Methods For the goal of the study, i. e. gathering the

numerous scattered published (and unpublished) data for the fossil remains of these three superfamilies of Peryssodactyla throughout all the country, we have checked many sources as scientific publications, popular-science publications, and museum collections. Sometimes a collected specimen was published in several publications under different names,

Fossil records of Rhinoceroses, Chalicotheres and Brontotheres (Peryssodactyla, Mammalia) in Bulgaria

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but we accepted the last identification or the newest taxonomical referring.

Results and Discussion

Taxa account Superfamily RHINOCEROTOIDEA Gray, 1821 Family AMYNODONTIDAE Scott & Osborn, 1883

1. Cadurcodon ardynensis Osborn, 1924: Kamеno (Burgas region). Oligocene. Sand quarry (NIKOLOV, 1963, 1977a).

Family HYRACODONTIDAE Cope, 1879 2. Paraceratherium bugtiense Pilgrim, 1908:

Dobrinishte (Blagoevgrad Region): Oligocene (NIKOLOV, 1985). Listed as Indricotherium transouralicum Pavlova, 1922

Family RHINOCEROTIDAE Gray, 1821 Subfamily Aceratheriinae Dollo, 1885 3. Aceratherium incisivum (Cuvier, 1822):

Merichleri (Haskovo Region): Lover Pliocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Oligocene (NIKOLOV, 1985); Ezerovo (Plovdiv Region): Maeotian - Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; Аhmatovo (Plovdiv Region): Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985); Dimitrovgrad (Haskovo Region) – Durhan quarry near town. Oligocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Oligocene-Miocene (NIKOLOV, 1985); Troyanovo – 1 (Haskovo Region). Coal mine. Oligocene-Miocene (NIKOLOV, 1985); Dobrich (Haskovo Region): Oligocene-Miocene (NIKOLOV, 1985); Burgas (Burgas Region): Maeotian - Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985). Precise locality unknown. Maeotian and Pontian, probably mixed fauna from different beds (Miocene; NIKOLOV, 1977a): (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962) (BAKALOV, 1927); Hrabarsko (Sofia Region). Late Miocene (Pontian; BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962). Abandoned coal mines; Gnilyanska formation (NIKOLOV, 1985). Cranial fragment with right maxilla and teeth; Aldomirovtsi (Sofia Region): Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; Gaber – 1. (Sofia Region). Coal mine Beli Breg (former Bolshevik) near the Gaber village. (Pontian; NIKOLOV, 1985). Oligocene –

Lower Pliocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Gaber – 2. (Sofia Region). Coal mine Garmen. Oligocene – Lower Pliocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Gaber – 3. (Sofia Region). Coal mine Oreshets Oligocene – Lower Pliocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Stanyantsi (Sofia Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. Late Miocene (Turolian, 5.80-5.35 Mya /Miocene-Pliocene boundary/) (BOHME et al., 2013). Udescribed and unpublished finds (GERAADS et al., 2011); Oreshets (Vidin Region): Oligocene-Miocene (NIKOLOV, 1985); Dolni Izvor (Haskovo Region): Oligocene (NIKOLOV, 1963).

4. Aceratherium sp.: Noevtsi (Pernik Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; Kromidovo (Blagoevgrad Region): Late Miocene (NIKOLOV, 1985); Slatino – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region). Quarry (SPASSOV et al., 2006). Lower part of the Upper Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

5. Chilotherium zernowi (Borissiak, 1915): Kalimantsi (Blagoevgrad Region) NH 59: Pontian (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962), Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2002, 2009). Listed as Aceratherium zernowi Borissiak, 1911 (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962, SPASSOV, 2002).

6. Chilotherium cf. sarmaticum Korotkevich, 1970: Oranovo - pr. quartrer Oranovo of town of Simitli (Blagoevgrad Region). Quarry (SPASSOV et al., 2006; GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

7. Chilotherium (Eochilotherium) cf. kiliasi Geraads, Koufos, 1990: Kromidovo (Blagoevgrad Region). Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

8. Chilotherium cf. kowalevskii Pavlow, 1913: Yambol (Yambol Region). Maeotian to Dacian-Romanian, Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

9. Chilotherium sp.: Ahmatovo (Plovdiv Region). Second half/the end of the middle Turolian (MN12) – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009); Stanyantsi (Sofia Region). Late Miocene (Turolian, 5.80-5.35 Mya /Miocene-Pliocene boundary/) (BOHME et al., 2013); Sarafovo (Burgas region). Miocene (JAKUBOWSKI & KARASZEWSKI, 1972).

10. Acerorhinus sp.: Kalimantsi (Blagoevgrad Region). Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

11. Brachypotherium sp.: Ahmatovo (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009); Kalimantsi

Zlatozar N. Boev

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Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

Subfamily Rhinocerotinae Owen, 1845 12. Dicerorhinus kirchbergensis (Jäger, 1839):

Dobroslavtsi (Sofia Region): Pleistocene. Listed as Rhinoceros mercki Jäger, 1839 (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Mladenova cave near Chiren village (Vratsa Region). Listed as Rhinoceros mercki Jäger, 1839 (NIKOLOV, 1977b; 1983).

13. Rhinoceros sp.: Nova cave (near Lyuti Brod village; Pleven Region): Pleistocene (NIKOLOV, 1983).

14. Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1807): Temnata Dupka cave (Lovech Region): Late Pleistocene 1,6 Mya (VASIL POPOV – unpubl. data). Listed as Rhinoceros tichorinus (POPOV, 1936); Bacho Kiro cave (Gabrovo Region): final of Late Pleistocene (50 000-10 000 ВР; BOCHEŃSKI, 1982). Listed as Rhinoceros tichorhinus Cuvier, 1812 from Malkata cave (NIKOLOV, 1977b; 1983); Unknown site – 1. (Lovech Region). Listed as “one of the Karlukovo caves”. Listed as Rhinoceros tichorhinus Cuvier, 1812 (NIKOLOV, 1983); Unknown site – 2. Pirgovo (Ruse Region). Caves near Pirgovo village. Pleistocene (KOVACHEV, 1906; NIKOLOV, 1977). Listed as Rhinoceros tichorhinus Cuvier, 1812 (KOVACHEV, 1906); Mirizlivka cave (Vidin Region) FP 43. Wurmian – Late Pleistocene (POPOV, 1933). Listed as Rhinoceros tichorinus (POPOV, 1936). POPOV (1983) proved Early Pleistocene deposits.

15. Dicerorhinus megarhinus De Christol, 1834: Dorkovo (Pazardzhik Region): Ruscinian, Early Pliocene (THOMAS et al., 1986). Listed as Stephanorhinus megarhinus (de Christol, 1834) (SPASSOV, 2003; DELSON et al., 2005).

16. Stephanorhinus elatus (Croizet, Jobert, 1828): Muselievo (Pleven Region): Final Ruscinian (SPASSOV, 2003), Early Pliocene - 2nd half of the Middle Ruscinian, MN 15 (3.3-3.1 Ma). Listed as Stephanorhinus jeanvireti Guérin, 1972. (SPASSOV, 2003).

17. Dicerorhinus sp. – 1: Dorkovo (Pazardzhik Region): Ruscinian, Early Pliocene (NIKOLOV et al, 1986).

18. Dicerorhinus sp. – 2: Kalimantsi – 3 (Blagoevgrad Region): MN11-12, most probably MN 12 (SPASSOV, 2002).

19. Dicerorhinus sp. – 3: Kalimantsi – 4 (Blagoevgrad Region): MN11-12, most probably MN 12 (SPASSOV, 2002).

20. Dihoplus schleiermacheri (Kaup 1832): Kalimantsi (Blagoevgrad Region) NH 59: Lower Miocene – Pontian (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009). Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Hrabarsko (Sofia Region). Upper Pliocene – Lavant (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Late Miocene (Pontian; BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962). Abandoned coal mines; Gnilyanska formation (NIKOLOV, 1985). Cranial fragment with right maxilla and teeth. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Katina (Sofia Region): Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Dragovishtitsa (Sofia Region): Upper Pliocene – Lavant (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Oligocene. Exact locality unknown. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834. (NIKOLOV, 1985; Prolesha (Sofia Region): Upper Pliocene – Lavant (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Dacian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; Byala Slatina (Vratsa Region): Upper Pliocene – Lavant (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Pliocene (NIKOLOV, 1985). Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Kula (Vidin Regon): Upper Pliocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Altimir (Vratsa Region): Upper Pliocene (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Pliocene (NIKOLOV, 1985). Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Cherkezitsa (Plovdiv Region) – river between villages Ahmatovo and Popovitsa: Maeotian - Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Gorna Gradeshnitsa (Blagoevgrad Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Ezerovo (Plovdiv Region): Maeotian - Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Oranovo (Blagoevgrad Region). Quarry. Upper Miocene (SPASSOV et al., 2006). Listed as Dicerorhinus schleiermacheri Kaup, 1834; Slatino – 2. (Blagoevgrad Region) (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

21. Dihoplus pikermiensis Toula 1906: Hadzhidimovo – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region): Listed as Dicerorhinus pikermiensis Gloger, 1841 (SPASSOV, 2000); Slatino - 2. (Blagoevgrad Region): Upper Miocene (SPASSOV et al., 2006); Strumyani – 2. (Blagoevgrad Region): Upper


4

Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009). Listed as cf. Dicerorhinus sp. (SPASSOV et al., 2006); Kalimantsi (Blagoevgrad Region): Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

22. Dicerorhinus sp.: Kocherinovo – 1. (Kyustendil Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985). - Late Miocene; Kocherinovo – 1. (Kyustendil Region): Late Miocene (SPASSOV et al., 2006); Strumyani – 2. (Blagoevgrad Region). Later part of MN 11? (SPASSOV et al., 2006); Dorkovo (Pazardzhik Region): Pontian (NIKOLOV, 1985; NIKOLOV et al., 1986).

23. Stephanorhinus etruscus (Falconer, 1868): Varshets (Montana Region; FN 89): MN 17/ MNQ17, 2.4 - 2.1 Ma (SPASSOV 2003).

24. Ceratotherium neumayeri Osborn, 1900: Stanyantsi (Sofia Region). Late Miocene (Turolian, 5.80-5.35 Mya /Miocene-Pliocene boundary/) (BOHME et al., 2013). Udescribed and unpublished finds (GERAADS et al., 2011); Hadzhidimovo – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region): SPASSOV (2000); Kalimantsi (Blagoevgrad Region) Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

25. Ceratotherium sp.: Strumyani – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region). Later part of MN 11?) MN 11 (SPASSOV et al., 2006). MN 11 (SPASSOV et al., 2006): Strumyani – 2. (Blagoevgrad Region). Later part of MN 11? (SPASSOV et al., 2006).

26. Dicerorhinae gen.: Kozarnika Cave (Vidin Region) B2-2 B2-1 (Guadelli et al., 1995, 2005). Early Pleistocene. GUADELLI et al. (2005) dated finds as B2-2 (i. e. 1,4-0,9 Ma), but SIRAKOV et al. (2010) dated them as B2-2 – B2-1. After POPOV & MARINSKA (2007) the upper boundary of the B-s zone is placed 0.75-0.9 Mya.

27. Rhinocerotinae gen.: Kalimantsi – 4. MN 12 (SPASSOV et al., 2006). Middle Turolian – Late Miocene (GERAADS & SPASSOV, 2009).

Superfamily CHALICOTHERIOIDEA Gill,

1872 Family CHALICOTHERIIDAE Gill, 1872 28. Ancylotherium pentelicum Gaudry and

Lartet, 1856: Kalimantsi (Blagoevgrad Region): Lower Pliocene – Pontian (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Sarmatian - Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; middle Turolian – Late Miocene, NH 59 (GERAADS et al., 2006); Kalimantsi – 2. MN 12 (SPASSOV et al.,

2006); Gorna Sushitsa (Blagoevgrad Region): Lower Pliocene – Pontian (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. MN 22-12 (SPASSOV et al., 2006); Hadzhidimovo – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region): SPASSOV (2000); Strumyani – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region). Later part of MN 11?) MN 11 (SPASSOV et al., 2006).

29. Chalicotherium goldfussi J. J. Kaup, 1833: Gorna Sushitsa (Blagoevgrad Region): Lower Pliocene – Pontian (BAKALOV & NIKOLOV, 1962); Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene. MN 22-12 (SPASSOV et al., 2006); Batishnitsa (Ruse Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; Kromidovo (Blagoevgrad Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene; Dolna Sushitsa (Blagoevgrad Region): Maeotian (NIKOLOV, 1985) – Late Miocene.

30. Metaschizotherium fraasi Marsh 1877: Kalimantsi. MN 11-12 (GERAADS et al., 2001; SPASSOV, 2002).

31. Kalimantsia bulgarica GERAADS & SPASSOV & Kovachev, 2001: Kalimantsi. MN 11-12 (GERAADS et al., 2001).

32. Chalicotheriinae gen.: Hadzhidimovo – 1. (Blagoevgrad Region): SPASSOV (2000).

Superfamily BRONTOTHERIOIDEA

(Marsh, 1873) Family BRONTOTHERIIDAE Marsh,

1873 33. Brontotherium rumelicum Toula, 1892:

Kamеno (Burgas region). Oligocene. Sand quarry (NIKOLOV, 1977a).

34. Brontotheriidae gen.: Kamеno (Burgas region). Oligocene. Sand quarry (NIKOLOV, 1963, 1977a).

Conclusions Fossil and subfossil record of the three

superfamilies of peryssodactyls is surprisingly reach. A total of 34 taxa (10 of them unspecified and identified up to generic level) have been established in the fossil record of the country: Rhinocerotoidea (27 taxa) - Amynodontidae (1), Hyracodontidae (1), Rhinocerotidae (25: Aceratheriinae /9/ and Rhinocerotinae /16/); Chalicotherioidea (5 taxa) - Chalicotheriidae (5), and Brontotherioidea (2 taxa) - Brontotheriidae (2). Their numerous fossils came from a total of 53 localities dated from the Oligocene to the Late Pleistocene. The true rhinoceroses

Zlatozar N. Boev

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(Rhinocerotidae) were most varied in the paleontological context, reaching up to 25 taxa. Most widely spread were Aceratherium incisivum (established in 15 localitiees), Dihoplus schleiermacheri (13), Coelodonta antiquitatis (6), and Ancylotherium pentelicum (5).

The majority of the localities (27) are concentrated along the largest Bulgarian rivers - Struma (14 localities), Iskar (6). Maritsa (5), and

Mesta (2), as well as the Sofia Valley (9) and the Burgas lowland (3) (Fig. 1). On the other hand, only 14 of the total of 53 localities are situated in the Eastern Bulgaria, i. e. ca. 74 % of the localities are placed in the western part of the country.

Although a small country, Bulgaria possesses a surprisingly reach fossil record of these three groups of large peryssodactyls, an important source for their examination.

Fig. 1. Localities of fossil rhinoceroses, chalicotheres and brontotheres in Bulgaria: Ahmatovo (1), Aldomirovtsi (2), Altimir (3), Bacho Kiro cave (4) Batishnitsa (5), Burgas (6), Byala Slatina (7), Cherkezitsa (8), Dimitrovgrad (9), Dobrich (10), Dobrinishte (11), Dobroslavtsi (12), Dolna Sushitsa (13), Dolni Izvor (14), Dorkovo (15), Ezerovo (16), Gaber – 1 (17), Gaber – 2 (18), Gaber – 3 (19), Gorna Gradeshnitsa (20), Gorna Sushitsa (21), Hadzhidimovo – 1 (22), Hrabarsko (23), Kalimantsi (24), Kalimantsi – 2 (25), Kalimantsi – 3 (26), Kalimantsi – 4 (27), Kamеno (28), Katina (29), Kocherinovo – 1 (30), Kozarnika Cave (31), Kromidovo (32), Kula (33), Merichleri (34), Mirizlivka cave (35), Mladenova cave (36), Muselievo (37), Noevtsi (38), Nova cave (39), Oranovo (40), Oreshets (41), Prolesha (42), Sarafovo (43), Slatino – 1 (44), Stanyantsi (45), Strumyani – 1 (46), Strumyani – 2 (47), Temnata Dupka cave (48), Troyanovo – 1 (49), Unknown site – 1 (not marked on the map - 50), Unknown site – 2 (51), Varshets (52), Yambol (53). References BAKALOV P., I. NIKOLOV 1962. Tertiary Mammals of

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NIKOLOV I. 1985. Catalogue of the localities of Tertiary Mammals in Bulgaria. Paleontology, Stratigraphy and Lithology, 21:43-62.

NIKOLOV I. 1983. Some notes on the cave fossil mammalian fauna in Bulgaria. In: 4th European Regional Conference of Speleology, 22.-28. September 1980, Sofia, 215-218. (In Bulgarian).

NIKOLOV T., M. KARAIVANOVA-NASTEVA, A. PAMUKCHIEV, 1986. A graveyard of fossil mammals near Dorkovo village, Pazardzhik District. Priroda, BAS, 1: 50-53. (In Bulgarian).

POPOV R. 1936. Fossil and subfossil animal remains in the explored until now caves in Bulgaria. – Bulletin de la Societe Speieologique de Sofia, 1: 1-12. (In Bulgarian).

POPOV V., MARINSKA, M. 2007. An almost one million year long (Early to Late Pleistocene) small mammal succession from the archaeological layers of Kozarnika Cave in Northern Bulgaria. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 259: 79-92.

SIRAKOV N., J.-L. GUADELLI S. IVANOVA, S. SIRAKOVA, M. BOUDADI-MALIGNE, I. DIMITROVA, PH. FERNANDEZ, C. FERRIER, A. GUADELLI, D. IORDANOVA, N. IORDANOVA, M. KOVATCHEVA, I. KRUMOV, J.-CL. LEBLANC, V. MITEVA, V. POPOV, R. SPASSOV, S. TANEVA, T. TSANOVA 2010. An ancient continuous human presence in the Balkans and the beginnings of human settlement in western Eurasia: A Lower Pleistocene example of the Lower Palaeolithic levels in Kozarnika cave (Northwestern Bulgaria). Quaternary International, 223-224: 94-106.

Zlatozar N. Boev

7

SPASSOV N., T. TZANKOV, D. GERAADS 2006. Late Neogene stratigraphy, biochronology, faunal diversity and environments of South-West Bulgaria (Struma River Valley). Geodiversitas 28 (3): 477-498.

SPASSOV N. 2000. The Turolian Hipparion-fauna and the character of the environment in the Late Miocene of West Bulgaria. Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society, 61 (1-3): 47-59.

SPASSOV N. 2002. The Turolian Megafauna of West Bulgaria and the Character of the Late Miocene ‘Pikermian biome’. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 41 (1): 69-81.

SPASSOV N. 2003. The Plio-Pleistocene vertebrate fauna in South-Eastern Europe and the megafaunal migratory waves from the east to Europe. Revue Paleobiol., Geneve (decembre 2003) 22 (1): 197-229.

SPASSOV N. 2005. Brief Review of the Pliocene Ungulate Fauna of Bulgaria. In: É. Crégut-Bonnoure (Ed.). Les Ongulés holarctiques du Pliocène et du Pleistocène. Quaternaire, hors-série, No 2:201-212.

THOMAS Н., N. SPASSOV, E. KOJUMDGIEVA, J.-L. POIDEVIN, V. POPOV, S. SEN, P. TASSY, D. VISSET 1986. Résultats préliminaries de la première mission paléontologique franco-bulgare à Dorkovo (arrondissement de Pazardjik, Bulgarie). C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, t. 302, Serie II, n° 16, 1037-1042.

Accepted: 21.06.2017 Published: 07.08.2017



Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - PlovdivBull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv, 2017, vol. 2: 9-11

Bone Remains of the Late Antiquity – Early MedievalDeposits of the National Academy of Art (Sofia, Bulgaria)

Zlatozar N. Boev*

National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,1 Blvd. Tsar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, BULGARIA

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract. A total of 163 bone finds (MNI 14) of domestic mammals and Homo sapiens have beenidentified in the collected material in 2017 from the Sofia City centrum. The material is mixedand dated Late Antiquity to Early Medieval ages. The site is the 3rd one on the territory of SofiaCity with examined animal bone finds.

Key words: Sofia City, Dommestic mammals, Early Medieval Ages.

IntroductionArchaeozoological studies of the numerous

archaeological sites on the territory of thecontemporary City of Sofia are extremely rare.Animal bone and shell remains have beenexamined in only two sites: Slatina (EarlyNeolithic; BOEV, 2009) and Forum Serdica(Antiquity to Medieval Ages, 3-19th c. A. D.;BOEV, 2016; In press).

The studied site is located in the Easternyard of the National Academy of Art (Fig. 1) inthe centrum of City of Sofia. The excavationshave been leaded by the archaeologist Dr.Katya Melamed and carried out in August 2017.All bone find originated from two soundingsmeasured 4.00 x 2.5 and 3.70 x 2.30 mrespectively. Depth of both sounding reached2.10 m. The site seemed to be heavily damagedand compromised by various activities in the19th and 20th centuries. This part of the yardwas damaged by air bombing during the WorldWar 2, which is evident from the profile of thesounding No 2. The ruins are filled with soiltaken from another place, probably a dump.The embankments are rich in ceramics fromthe late 19th – early 20th c. A. D., animal bonesand corroded iron building elements (KatyaMelamed – unpubl. data).

Material and MethodsThe collected osteological material has been

handed for examination by Dr. Katya Melamedin September 2017. It numbers a total of 163bones and bone fragments, 24 percent of themunidentifiable bone splinters (Table 1). Thegreat majority of finds (38.8) belongs to smallruminants (Ovicaprinae). The material has beenidentified in the Vertebrate Animals Depart-ment of the National Museum of NaturalHistory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Results and DiscussionExcept for 4 human bones of fore- and

hindlimbs, all other finds belong to commondomestic mammals of 6 domestic forms (Table1). As the bone finds have been extractedmanually without sieving, the largest bones areover-represented. Even in this case, we couldconclude, that domestic cattle prevailed and itwas much often than the horse, for example.

The cattle was represented by a smallprobably brachycerous breed. No burnt boneshave been found, but often we observedvarious cutmarks on the bone surface, some ofthem by sow, other by knife or even by axe.Possibly at least part of the remains belonged toanimals used as meat resource. On the other

Bone Remains of the Late Antiquity – Early Medieval Deposits of the National Academy of Art (Sofia, Bulgaria)

10

hand, three of the pedal phalanges of Bos taurusand Capra hircus were drilled. Such a practicewas common for the earlier economics. Asboth, bones of animals of different type ofutilization, and human bones have been found,it is probable that the examined materialoriginated from the content of a formerrubbish-pit/ rubbish-heap that was mixed(during bombing in 1944) with material fromthe former necropolis situated near by.

It is worthy to mention, that theneighboring area (within 300-400 m) isabundant of ancient monuments, mainly ofRoman period, and many tombs have beenuncovered, sealed or excavated in the last 40years. Unfortunately none of them wereexamined by archaeozoologists.

The complete lacking of bone remains of wild(even synanthropic) species confirms thesuggestion for a former rubbish-pit/rubbish-heap.

Table 1. Bone representation in the collected archaeozoological material from the LateAntiquity – Early Medieval deposits of the National Academy of Art (Sofia, Bulgaria)

No Taxa English Name BonesNumberof bonefinds

MNI

1 Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Domestic cattle

metacarpus dex., metacarpusdex. dist., calcaneus dex. prox.,ph. dist. d. pedis ant., vertebrathor. – 2, humerus dex. dist.,pelvis – pars. acetab., molar -2, ph. prox. d. p. post. - 3,tibia – diaph. spl., ph. prox. d.pedis ant., vert. thor. – pr. sp.,costa – spl., metatarsus prox.spl., ulna prox. spl., phal. ung.,ph. pr. d. p. post.

23 4

2 Sus scrofa f. domestica Domestic pig mandibula dist., axis, vert.cerv. 3 1

3 Equus ferus caballusLinnaeus, 1758 Domestic horse maxilla dex., molars - 2 3 1

4 Capra hircus(Linnaeus, 1758) Domestic goat

metatarsus, ph. d. p. – 2,cornus, madibula sin., maxillasin., maxilla dex., costa – 3,metacarpus prox., astragalus,humerus dist.

14 3

5 Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 Domestic sheep

madibula dex., maxilla sin.,phal. prox. d. p. – 2, astragalus,ph. dist. d. p., humerus dist.femur prox. sin., metacarpusprox., pelvis – p. acetab.

12 3

6 Ovicaprinae Small ruminants various bone splinters 63 -

7 Canis familiaris(Linnaeus, 1758) Domestic dog ulna dex. prox. 1 1

8 Homo sapiensLinnaeus, 1758 Wise manhumerus sin. dist.,metacarpalia 4 sin.,metacarpalia – 5, calcaneus sin.

4 1

Unidentifiable bonesplinters 39 -

Total 163 14

hts/e.iiei.r/iiCr_inehts/e.iiei.r/ii1t_dto_fSseaNtrehts/e.iiei.r/iiCr_ineshts/e.iiei.r/ii1t_dto_fSseaNtrhts/e.iiei.r/iiCr_inehts/e.iiei.r/ii1t_dto_fSseaNtrhts/e.iiei.r/iiCr_inehts/e.iiei.r/ii1t_dto_fSseaNtrhts/e.iiei.r/iiCr_inehts/e.iiei.r/ii1t_dto_fSseaNtrhts/e.iiei.r/iiCr_inehts/e.iiei.r/ii1t_dto_fSseaNtr

Zlatozar N. Boev

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Fig. 1. The central building of the National Academy of Art (Sofia City), 22 November 2016(Photograph: Z. Boev).

ReferencesBOEV Z. 2009. Avian remains from the Early

Neolithic settlement of Slatina (PresentSofia City, Bulgaria). Acta zoologicabulgarica, 61 (2): 151-156.

BOEV Z. 2016. Subfossil Vertebrate Faunafrom Forum Serdica (Sofia, Bulgaria),16-18th Century. Acta zoologica bulgarica,68 (3): 415-424.

BOEV Z. (in press). New data on the subfossilfauna from “Forum Serdica” (SofiaCity, Bulgaria; 3-19th century A. D.).Historia naturalis bulgarica.

Accepted: 06.10.2017Published: 21.10.2017



13


Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiinae) of the Agro-ecosystems at the Experimental Fields of Plovdiv City

Ognyan B. Todorov*

Regional Museum of Natural History – Plovdiv,Hrysto G. Danov str. 34, Plovdiv 4000, BULGARIA

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Eleven Aphidiide genera and 23 species from 197 aphidiid taxa were identified. Fivespecies of them are new to the Bulgarian fauna. In this paper a total of 32 plant - aphid -parasitoid associations are reported.

Key words: Aphidiidae, Hymenoptera, aphid, biological control, parasitoid.

IntroductionSpecies from the family Aphidiidae

(Hymenoptera) parasitize exclusively aphidsand are used in biological control programs onprotection of the crops in several countries.The Aphidiidae females seem to randomlysearch on a leaf sometimes along the leaf veinsor leaf margins generally detecting the aphidsthrough antennae contact STARY (1966, 1970,1976). After finding a potential host the femaleevaluates its suitability and quality for offspringdevelopment by antenna and ovipositorprobing. Examples of stimuli that may induce ahost examination are: shape, texture, size,chemical compounds and host movements. Apotential host has to be adequate to the waspprofile of response and has to satisfy theminimal physiological and dietary needs for thedevelopment and growth of the immatureinsects MACKAUER et al. (1996).

From Bulgaria there are 61 species from 18genera known. STARY (1962), KOLAROV (1997).Development and use of parasitoids forbiological control of aphids in Bulgaria is newarea of research and may reduce the aphidpopulations.

Material and MethodsAll of the materials are being collected from

Experimentally Field of Agriculture University -Plovdiv (Upper Thracian Lowland, 152 m a.s.l.).

The parasitoids was collect with threedifferent methods. The main part of the insectswas gathered with Malaise traps (Mal. trap inthe text) which are serviced periodically onevery 15 days. Part of the materials are gatheredwith entomological net (Ent. net in the text),and part are taken out from aphids. Theaphidiids were obtained from the mummies of14 species of aphids that were found in thefield. The studied and identified material isdeposited in the collection of the author.

Results

Faunistic list

1. * Adialytus ambiguus (Haliday, 1834). -Collected from mummies of Aphis fabae onCirsium arvense, 26.11.2004, 1♀.2. Adialytus salicaphis (Fitch, 1855) - Collected

from mummies of Chaitophorus leucomelas onPopulus nigra, 15.06.2004, 1♀.

Aphid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiinae) of the Agro-ecosystems at the Experimental Fields of Plovdiv City

14

3. Aphidius ervi (Haliday, 1834) - Mal. trap,21.05-16.06.2004, 2♀; 03.07-15.07.2004, 2♀.4. Aphidius funebris (Mackauer, 1961) -

Collected from mummies of Uroleucon sp. onCichorium intibus, 14.05.2004, 3♀, 2♂; onCentaurea solstitialis, 15.06.2004, 1♀, 2♂; onSonchus oleracerus, 17.06.2004, 4♀, 1♂.5. Aphidius matricarie (Haliday, 1834) -

Collected from mummies of: Dysaphisplantaginea on Malus domestica, 29.06.2006; Myzuscerasy on Prunus avium, 15.05.2007, 1♀.6. Aphidius rosae (Haliday, 1833) - Collected

from mummies of Macrosiphum rosae on Rosa sp.,06.07.2003, 1♀; 24.10.2004, 2♀, on Lactucaseriola, 12.2004, 1♀; on Rosa sp., 04.12.2004, 6♀,5♂.7.* Aphidius uroleuci (Mescheloff and Rosen,

1990) - Collected from mummies of Uroleucon sp.on Rosa sp., 15.06.2001, 1♀.8. Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall, 1896) -

Collected from mummies of Aphis spiraecola onMalus domestica, 05.11.2006, 1♂; 15.10.2006,13♂; 5♂. Dysaphis plantaginea on Malus domestica,15.10.20069. Binodoxys angelicae (Haliday, 1833) -

Collected from mummies of Aphis urticata on,Urtica diotica, 15.05.2002, 4♀; Mal. trap, 21.05-16.06.2004, 3♀.10. Diaeretiella rapae (M`Intosh, 1855) -

Collected from mummies of Brevicoryne brasicaeon Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera, 29.11.2004, 1♂;11. * Diaeretiellus macrocarpus - Mal. trap,

25.10-03.11.2006, 1♀.12. Ephedrus cerasicola (Starý, 1962) - Mal.

trap, 24.04-05.05.2003, 2♀; 16.06-03.07.2004,1♀; 15.07-30.07.2004, 1♀; collected frommummies of Myzus cerasi on Brassica rapa subsp.oleifera, 15.05.2007, 1♂.13. Ephedrus persicae (Froggatt, 1904) -

Collected from mummies of: Myzus cerasi onCerasus avium, 15.05.2004, 3♀; 15.06.2004, 1♀,1♂; Brachycaudus cardui on Prunus avium, 1♀;Dysaphis plantaginea on Malus domestica,29.06.2006. 1♂.14. Ephedrus plagiator (Nees, 1811) - Mal.

trap, 10.08- 23.08.2002, 1♀; 06.05-19.05.2003,1♀; 16.06-03.07.2004, 1♀.15. Lipolexis gracilis (Förster, 1862) -

Collected from mummies of Aphis fabae on,Cirsium arvense, 15.05.2004, 8♀, 1♂.16. Lysiphlebus confusus (Tremblay et Eady,

1978). Locality: Plovdiv, AU-EF, 152 m.,collected from mummies of Aphis hederae onHedera helix, 18.11.2004, 8 ♀.

17. Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896) -Mal. trap, 27.04-02.05.2003, 3♀; 17.10-29.10.2004, 1♀; 28.06.2004, 13 ♀, 8♂; collectedfrom mummies of: Aphis fabae on Cirsium arvense,14.05.2004, 24 ♀, 23♂; 29.05.2004, 20♀, 5♂;15.06.2004, 47♀, 25♂; Pterocomma sp. on Salixsp., 03.06.2004, 8♀, 1♂; Aphis sp. on Chondrilajuncea, 20.06.2004, 19♀, Therioaphis sp., onCichorium intibus, 17.06.2004, 26 ♀, 26♂, Aphisgossipii , on Cucumis sativus 05.10.2004, 39♀, 41♂,Aphis hederae on Hedera helix,10.11.2004, 5♀;02.12.2004, 8♀, 4♂, 24.12.2002, 5♀, 01.01.2005,2♀, 1♂; 12.01.2005, 1♀, 10.02.2005.18. * Monoctonus mali (van Achterberg, 1989)

- Collected from mummies of Dysaphisplantaginea on Malus domestica, 28.04.2006.19. * Paralipsis enervis (Nees, 1834)- Plovdiv,

AU-EF, 152 m., Mal. trap, 25.10-03.11.2006,3♂.20. Praon exoletum (Nees, 1811) - Collected

from mummies of:Therioaphis sp. on, Cichoriumintibus., 14.05.2004, 2♀; Dysaphis plantaginea onMalus domestica, 15.05.2006.21. * Praon rosaecola (Stary, 1961) -

Collected from mummies of Macrosiphum rosaeon, Rosa sp., 15.05.2004, 4♀.22. Praon volucrae (Haliday, 1833) -

Collected from mummies of Macrosiphum sp. on,Rosa sp., 21.10.2002, 8♀, 1♂.23. Praon yomenae (Takada, 1968) -

Collected from mummies of Uroleucon sp. onCentaurea solstitialis., 15.06.2004, 3♀; Uroleucon sp.on Cichorium intibus, 15.06.2004, 3♀.

Tritrofic plant – aphid – parasitoidassociations

1. Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera- Brevicoryne brasicae- Diaeretiella rapae2. Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera - Myzus cerasi

brasicae - Ephedrus cerasicola3.Centaurea solstitialis - Uroleucon sp. - Aphidius

funebris4.Centaurea solstitialis - Uroleucon sp. - Praon

yomenae5.Cerasus avium - Myzus cerasi - Ephedrus persicae6.Chondrila juncea - Aphis sp. - Lysiphlebus

fabarum7.Cichorium intibus - Therioaphis sp.- Lysiphlebus

fabarum8.Cichorium intibus - Therioaphis sp.- Praon

exoletum9.Cichorium intibus - Uroleucon sp. - Aphidius

funebris

Ohnyan B. Todorov

15

10. Cichorium intibus - Uroleucon sp. - Praonyomenae11. Cirsium arvense - Aphis fabae - Adialytus

ambiguus12. Cirsium arvense - Aphis fabae - Lipolexis

gracilis13. Cirsium arvense - Aphis fabae - Lysiphlebus

fabarum14. Cucumis sativus - Aphis gossipii -

Lysiphlebus fabarum15. Hedera helix - Aphis hederae - Lysiphlebus

confuses16. Hedera helix - Aphis hederae - Lysiphlebus

fabarum17. Lactuca seriola - Macrosiphum rosae -

Aphidius rosae18. Malus domestica - Aphis spiraecola -

Binodoxys acalephae19. Malus domestica - Dysaphis plantaginea -

Aphidius matricarie20. Malus domestica - Dysaphis plantaginea -

Ephedrus persicae21. Malus domestica - Dysaphis plantaginea -

Monoctonus mali22. Malus domestica - Dysaphis plantaginea -

Praon exoletum23. Populus nigra - Chaitophorus leucomelas -

Adialytus salicaphis24. Prunus avium - Brachycaudus cardui -

Ephedrus persicae25. Prunus avium - Myzus cerasy - Aphidius

matricarie26. Rosa sp. - Uroleucon sp. - Aphidius uroleuci27. Rosa sp. - Macrosiphum rosae - Aphidius

rosae28. Rosa sp. - Macrosiphum rosae - Praon

volucrae29. Rosa sp. - Macrosiphum rosae- Praon

rosaecola30. Salix sp. - Pterocomma sp. - Lysiphlebus

fabarum31. Sonchus oleracerus - Uroleucon sp. - Aphidius

funebris32. Urtica diotica - Aphis urticata - Binodoxys

angelicae

Discussion and ConclusionsWith this five new species to the Bulgarian

fauna the hole species number is a total of 65species from 18 genera. The list of plant- aphid -parasitoid associations is firstly presented forBulgaria.

Acknowledgements. I would like to thankAssociate Professor Radoslav Andreev fromAgriculture University – Plovdiv, Bulgaria forhis help for identification of aphids and for thecollecting of some samples.

ReferencesKOLAROV J. 1997. A preliminary catalogue of

the Bulgarian Aphidiinae(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). ActaEntomologyca Bulgarica, 3/4: 20-23.

MACKAUER M, P. MICHAUD, W. VÖLKL 1996.Host choice by aphidiid parasitoids(Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): hostrecognition, host quality, and host value.Canadian Entomologist, 128: 959-980.

STARY P. 1966. Aphid Parasites of Czechoslovakia.Academia & Dr. W. Junk, Praha, TheHague, 242 p.

STARY P. 1976. Aphid Parasites (Hymenoptera:Aphidiidae) of the Mediterranean Area. W.Junk, The Hague, 101 p.

STARY P. 1962. Faunistic notes on theAphididae of Bulgaria (Hymenoptera:Braconidae). Acta Faunistica Entomologica,Museum Natiunalis Prage, 8: 83-86.

STARY P. 1970. Biology of aphid parasites(Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) with respect tointegrated control. Series Entomologica, 6.W. Junk, The Hague, 643 p.





Cacyreus marshalli (Butler, 1898) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)Confirmed for the Republic of Macedonia

Nikola Micevski*, Branko Micevski

Macedonian Entomological Society (ENTOMAK)Blvd. ASNOM 58, 2-4, 1000 Skopje, MACEDONIA*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. This study reports new data of the Geranium Bronze butterfly Cacyreus marshalli (Butler,1898) for the Republic of Macedonia. This record is the deepest one from the Balkan mainland.Updated distribution map of the species in Europe is presented.

Key words: Cacyreus marshalli, Lycaenidae, Macedonia.

IntroductionThe Geranium Bronze Cacyreus marshalli

(Butler, 1898) is native species of South Africa.It was accidentally introduced into the Balearicarchipelago (EITSCHBERGER & STAMER, 1990)through the importation of its ornamental hostplant (Pelargonium, Geraniaceae) and since thenit has continued to spread its areal throughoutEurope. Currently, its known range in Europeincludes Spain (RAYNOR, 1990; SARTO IMONTEYS & MASO, 1991; SARTO I MONTEYS,1992), Belgium (TROUKENS, 1991), Italy(TREMATERRA et al., 1997), France, Portugaland Morocco (TARRIER, 1998), Malta (SAMMUT,2007), Sweden (RYRHOLM, 2007), Slovenia(POLAK, 2009), Croatia (KOSMAČ &VEROVNIK, 2009; KUČINIĆ et al., 2013), Greece(PAMPERIS, 2009; PARKER, 2010; ANASTASSIUet al., 2010; COUTSIS et al., 2011; MARTINOU etal., 2011; GALANOS, 2014, 2016), Turkey(SOYHAN et al., 2013), Bulgaria (LANGOUROV &SIMOV, 2014), Bosnia and Herzegovina(KOREN & KULIJER, 2016) and Albania(SACHANOWICZ et al., 2016). A recentpublication (LANGOUROV & SIMOV, 2017)expands the list with Macedonia andMontenegro.

Material and MethodsField survey was conducted on 22.09.2016

in the v. Grad surroundings (EasternMacedonia). During the survey entomologicalnet was used. Netted specimens were releasedafter their determination, limiting the collectionto interesting faunistic data only.

Results and DiscussionOne fresh specimen of the Geranium

Bronze was discovered on 22 September 2016in the upper part of the village Grad (DelčevoMunicipality) in a pasture close to a small riverand in the vicinity of the last village house(41°56'23.51" N, 22°50'42.52" E, 740 m a.s.l.).The collected specimen (Fig. 1) is deposited inthe research collection of ENTOMAK. Thisrecord confirms the presence of the species inMacedonia. In 2017, additional surveys wereorganized in the eastern part of the country(mostly in the region of Osogovski Mts.), all ofwhich didn’t result with new records. However,LANGOUROV & SIMOV (2017) discovered thespecies in the Ohrid Lake area (SW Macedonia)on 02 August 2017, demonstrating that thespecies is already well distributed in the country.

Cacyreus marshalli (Butler, 1898) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Confirmed for the Republic of Macedonia

18

Fig. 1. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of the collected C. marshallifrom Macedonia, Grad Village.

Fig. 2. Updated distribution map of the Geranium Bronze in Europe: green and red circles(KUDRNA et al., 2011; KUDRNA et al., 2015; UFZ-LEPIDIV, 2017), blue circles (missing in theatlases). a) First record in Europe; b) First record for the Balkan peninsula; c) New record from

Macedonia.

The closest known locality of the currentrecord is Levunovo Village (SandanskiMunicipality) in neighbouring Bulgaria, some63km distant to the SE.

Additional 17 butterfly species wereobserved at the site: Polyommatus bellargus(Rottemburg, 1775), Aricia agestis ([Denis &

Schiffermuller], 1775), Polyommatus icarus(Rottemburg, 1775), Colias alfacariensis Ribbe,1905, Hipparchia statilinus (Hufnagel, 1766),Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), Coenonymphapamphilus (Linnaeus, 1758), Boloria dia (Linnaeus,1767), Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758), Polyommatusthersites (Cantener, 1835), Issoria lathonia

Nikola Micevski, Branko Micevski

19

(Linnaeus, 1758), Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus,1767), Pieris balcana Lorković, 1970, Parargeaegeria (Linnaeus, 1758), Leptotes pirithous(Linnaeus, 1767), Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus,1761) and Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871).Most of the species – including the GeraniumBronze – were nectaring on Marrubium L.which was quite common at the site.

Since C. marshalli is a non-native pestspecies which finds the European climate idealfor survival, it is important to follow closely itscurrent distribution and spreading throughoutEurope. This can reveal if climate changes areinfluencing the species distribution or if itsdistribution is merely the result of importationof infested Pelargonium plants. Records fromthe Balkan Peninsula are missing in Europeanatlases (e.g. KUDRNA et al., 2011; KUDRNA et al.,2015; UFZ-LEPIDIV, 2017). Therefore, we givean updated distribution map of the species inEurope (Fig. 2). The following records aretaken into account: Croatia (KUČINIĆ et al.,2013), Bosnia and Herzegovina (KOREN &KULIJER, 2016), Albania (SACHANOWICZ et al.,2016), Greece (PAMPERIS, 2009; PARKER, 2010;ANASTASSIU et al., 2010; COUTSIS et al., 2011;MARTINOU et al., 2011; GALANOS, 2014, 2016;PAMPERIS, 2017), Bulgaria (LANGOUROV &SIMOV, 2014) and the Balkan Peninsula(LANGOUROV & SIMOV, 2017). Overlookedrecords from Turkey (SOYHAN et al., 2013) andMalta (SAMMUT, 2007) are also included.

Аs can be seen from the map, the species israpidly spreading towards east during the lastdecade, as it has already been discovered onTurkish mainland. Most records from theBalkans come from the Mediterranean coastlineand the islands. The record from Macedonia isthe deepest one yet from the Balkan mainland(>150 km from the closest Aegean Sea). Newrecords are expected to follow in the comingyears (e.g. Serbia, Romania).

ReferencesANASTASSIU H. T., N. GHAVALAS, J. G.

COUTSIS. 2010. First record of Cacyreusmarshalli in Greece and comments on thepotential occurrence of Zizeeria karsandraon the Greek island of Crete (Lepidoptera:Lycaenidae). Phegea, 38(3): 85-92.

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© Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv http://rnhm.org/en/

Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv University of Plovdiv Publishing House

Bulletin of the Natural History Museum - Plovdiv

Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Plovdiv, 2017, vol. 2: 21-28

Current Status, Distribution and Habitat of the Threatened Species Myricaria germanica (Tamaricaceae) in Bulgaria

Yulian Marinov1*, Dimitar Dimitrov2, Chavdar Gussev3, Kalina Pachedjieva4

1 - Regional Natural History Museum of Plovdiv, 34 Christo Danov Str., Plovdiv 4000, BULGARIA

2 – National Museum of Natural History, 1 Ruski Blvd., Sofia 1000, BULGARIA 3 - Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources,

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 2 Gagarin Street, Sofia 1113, BULGARIA

4 - Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, 8 Blvd. Dragan Tzankov, Sofia 1164, BULGARIA

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. The present research aims to clarify the current status and the distribution of the population and the habitat of the threatened species Myricaria germanica in Bulgaria. The species occurs with one location in Bulgaria in Bulgarka Natural Park in the Central Balkan range. The location is positioned at a former inert quarry along the Syvyak River. The population of M. germanica consists of about 30 shrubs forming riverine community with Salix purpurea and affiliated to artificial habitat J3.3 of the EUNIS habitat classification. The research confirms that M. germanica should be considered as “Crytically endangered”. There is a necessity of profound and long-term future observations and researches on the reproduction and biology of the species and the dynamics of its population and habitat. Key words: Myricaria germanica, Central Balkan range, IUCN criteria, habitat, Bulgaria.

Introduction The genera Myricaria Desv. belongs to the

family Tamaricaceae consisting of four genera and 78 species (CHRISTENHUSZ & BYNG, 2016) distributed in Europe, Africa and Asia. In Europe this genus is represented by the species Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. The area of its distribution covers the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mountains of Central and Southern Europe - from the Northern Rein and the Alps to the Eastern Carpathians and Southern Ukraine and also the Pyrenees and Southern Spain, Central Italy and the mountain regions in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula (WEBB, 1968). In the Balkan Peninsula the species has been reported for Croatia (SCHLOSSER & VUCOTINOVIC, 1869; PICHLER, 1891), Serbia

(KOŠANIN, 1926; REICHINGER, 1935, JOVANOVIČ, 1972), Albania (REICHINGER, 1935; BARINA et al., 2015), Macedonia (KOŠANIN, 1926; DŽEKOV, 1957; EM, 1967), Montenegro (CERNJAVSKI et al., 1949, LACUŠIĆ 1961) and Slovenia (WRABER & SKOBERNE, 1989).

In Bulgaria the species was first found in Milevska Mountain (Western Bulgiaria) in 1993 at 900 m a.s.l. and later reported by GUSSEV & DIMITROV (1997). It was represented by one well-developed seed-forming individual. In May 2007 the authors of the present study established a new locality of M. germanica in floristic region Central Balkan range.

The present research aims to clarify the current status and distribution of the population

Current Status, Distribution and Habitat of the Threatened Species Myricaria germanica (Tamaricaceae) in Bulgaria

22

and the habitat of the threatened species M. germanica in Bulgaria.

Materials and Methods The information for the distribution,

chorology and habitat of the species is based on samples collected from the field, the available literature data and specimens deposited in the Herbarium of vascular plants of the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research (IBER) at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (SOM) and the Herbarium of Agricultural University, Plovdiv (SOA). The voucher specimens of the new collections are deposited in both herbaria (Table 1).

The area diagnosis follows Meusel et al. (1965, 1978). The localities in Bulgaria are shown on a UTM-Grid map (scale 1: 1500000, square side 10 km). The GPS-coordinates of the locations in the Central Balkan range are visualized on an orthophoto map of the region (Fig. 1). The phytocoenological characteristic of M. germanica locality was made on the basis of Braun-Blanquet’s relevé method (MULLER-DOMBOIS & ELLENBERG, 1974). The two neighboring locations of the species are considered different vegetation stands in which species abundances were estimated by Braun-Blanquet old 7-degree cover-abundance scale (Table 2). Geoelements for the accompanying species are determined according to ASSYOV et al. (2012) for revealing the origin and phytogeogr

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