buildings and storage - imperial college london · 2020. 5. 27. · poster 18 my sincere thanks to...
TRANSCRIPT
Buildings and Storage
Natalia Wisniewska Joseph Juan
Akash GoenkaLara TarasewiczMauricio RiverosMatteo Silvestri
Introduction
2
3
Assessing policy measures for energy
efficiency in UK homes
Natalia Wisniewska
Problem
4
How to boost energy efficiency in domestic
households?
Which policy could achieve that?
5
Variable Council Tax
Variable Stamp Duty
Help to Heat Framework
Green Mortgage
Demand ReductionObligation
FiT for energy efficiency
1
2
4
3
5
6
Challenge
6
How to assess the potential of policy prior to its launch?
Policy assessment tool
7
Policy proposals
Solution
Socio-technicalsystems analysis
Economic appraisal
Rank
Assess
ank
A
Solution: what will work?
8
Political vision
Customer demand
Supply chain
Carrot-and-stick approach
Variable Council Tax
Green Mortgage
Variable Stamp Duty
9
POSTER 18
My sincere thanks to my supervisors Chris Mazur, Jeff Hardy and James Luger, but also Simon McGreehin,
my interviewees and everyone else who supported this work.
10
Solar-Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (S-CCHP)
A Techno-economic Assessment
Joseph Juan
Polygeneration Energy System
11
Focus on combining cooling and power part, called as solar combined cooling and
power (S-CCP) system:
Power unit
Cooler unit
Solar Thermal Collector
Aim: To assess the technical and economic feasibility for a typical
house in London
System Performanc
e
Control strategie
s
System Performance
12
System performan
ce
The amount of electricity
saving
The amount of electricity
demand coverage
System Combinations
13
Direct flow collector
Heat pipe collector
Evacuated flat collector
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)
Diffusion Absorption Refrigerator (DAR)
Single effect absorption refrigerator
Double effect absorption refrigerator
Prioritising cooling
Prioritising electricity
Which combinations give higher electricity saving?
Results: Technical Assessment
14
Direct flow collector
Heat pipe collector2
1
3
Evacuated flat collector
Electricity saving (kWeh/ year)
Diffusion Absorption Refrigerator (DAR)
Single effect absorption2
1
3
Double effect absorption
Electricity saving (kWeh/ year)
1
2 Prioritising cooling
Prioritising electricity
Electricity saving (kWeh/ year) However, the systems only cover 5 – 12% annual electricity demand because of thelow solar resource inLondon
Results: Economic Assessment
15
Net present value of S-CCP system after 20 years investment period
Conclusions
16
• The considered solar combined cooling and power (S-CCP) system is not feasible to provide energy for a typical house in London
• However, installing the system in sunnier location or applying hybrid system can be considered further
17
POSTER 16
My sincere thanks to Dr. Christos Markides, Dr. Antonio Marco Pantaleo, Dr. Robert Edwards and James Freeman for their valuable helps in this project.
18
A Design Environment to Enable Smart
Buildings
Akash Goenka
Setting the scene
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• Can the enormity of energy consumption by buildings be ignored?
• Why do buildings underperform (energy-wise)?
HVAC
Others
Equipment
Lighting
Turn up the heat!
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• Takes note and learnsyour schedule• 7 am: A warm welcome• 8 am: Off to work
• Slashes bills and energyuse
• This is smart!
Aim
21
What is the impact of controls on HVAC energyconsumption and indoor comfort?
The Faculty Building model
22
Trench heaters Chilled Beams
A 3D Reconstruction
23
Simulation Results
24
%Saving on energy consumption
%Compromise on thermal comfort
• Greater thermal comfort Greater energy consumption
25
POSTER 15
My sincere thanks to my supervisors, Dr Bianca Howard,
Dr Salvador Acha and Prof John Polak.
26
An Olympian Challenge:
How do we address retrofitting commercial buildings?
Lara Tarasewicz
Focus: Soft Barriers
27
Commercial Buildings
Energy Efficient
Overcome soft barriers to retrofitting
Why do soft barriers matter?
28
So why aren’t all commercial buildings energy efficient yet?
We have the technology…
E.g. Insulation, LED lighting
Novel Methodology
29 29
INP UTS S O C IO -TE C HNIC AL S Y S TE MS
E C O NO MIC & C arbon
General Case Case Study
30
38 barriers1. S plit Incentives
2. Management
3. B us ines s cas e
17 Solutions, e.g.Individual R es pons ible
D emons tration E xample
F inance Team L ead
30Key Findings
G eneral C as e
Greenwich Leisure Limited
Key Findings
31 31
Motivated individuals
Methodology:
Toolkit of B arriers and S olutions
POSITIVES
S S D support
NEEDED
P ayback > 3 years
Assurance on energy savings
G overnment policy
G ood communication
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POSTER 17
My sincere thanks to my supervisors Dr Christoph Mazur,
Dr Koen van Dam and Pelumi Solaru.
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Carbon Arbitrage with Electrical
Energy Storage
Mauricio Riveros
Arbitrage
34
Time
£/kWhh
Arbitrage
35
Time
£/kWh
Charge Discharge
£
h
Arbitrage
36
Time
Charge Discharge
tCO2/kWhCO2
CO2
Methodology
37
Emission INSTALATION
Emissions OPERATION
Total Emissions
Optimization Problem
Capacity
CO2Capacity
INSTALATION OPERATION
Case Study
38
Li-ion
FB
Technology
Generation Mix Distributed Generation
50% Wind
80% Nuclear
DG-1
DG-2
Mix 2015
CHP
Results: Emissions Savings
39
Li-ion
1,2041,552
171
3,444
7,924
MI X 2015 WI N D 50% N UC LEA R 80% D G_1 D G_2
90 160 37 90 90
Capacity(MWh)
Emission Savings(tCO2)
111666000 33377 999000 9990009900
CHP
Results: Is it profitable?
40
Price forecasted for the UK more optimistic case in 2030
17 13 648
110
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Mix 2015 Wind 50% Nuclear 80% DG_1 DG_2
£/kW
h117
£/tCO2
Li-ion
Value Cost
CO2
CHP
Results: Is it profitable?
41
117£/tCO2
Li-ion
Value Cost
230£/tCO2CO2
CHP
30 23 11
87
199
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Mix 2015 Wind 50% Nuclear 80% DG_1 DG_2
£/kW
h
Conclusions
42
•A significant capacity is needed to maximis e the s avings in all the s cenarios s tudied.
• Savings are mainly defined by the carbon intensity of the grid more than the demand patterns .
•T he emissions reduction is not high enough to pay the inves tment at the current carbon price and inves tment cos ts .
•T hat s ugges t the need to mix the Carbon Arbitrage with another application to increas e the value.
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POSTER 19
My sincere thanks to my supervisors Dr Miao Guo, Dr Koen Van Dam, Professor Nigel Brandon and Gonzalo Bustos.
44
The value of energy storage for industrial
sites in the UK
Matteo Silvestri
Background & Research Question
45
Battery cost vs. benefits Electricity Price
£/kW
h Capex
Revenues
Savings on electricitybill
Congestion reliefservice to DNO
CO2 savings
0
20
40
60
80
100
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Transmission tariffsNorth East region
Historical data
£/kW
Forecastdata
Can a battery system generate net savings on the electricity bills?
Ancillaryservices to National Grid
Savings on electricitybill
?
Electricity Bill: Saving Opportunities
46
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
p/kW
h
48 Half hours
Distribution tariffElectricity spot price
Intra-day Arbitrage £ =
Regionaltariff
Power demandduring the 3
annual half hours of highest
national demand
Transmission Charge
£Commodity
price
Distributioncharge
Transmissioncharge
Case Study
47
Li-ion
FB
NaS
Electricity PricingScenarios
BatteryTechnologies
IndustrialSite
Different combination of trends for:
Transmission tariffDistribution tariffVolatility of electricity price
Barnard CastleDurham County
TIME
£
Results
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FB
Li-ion
NaSLi-ion: annual NPV in the range of 1-2% of
the electricity billexpenditure acrossvarious scenarios
Net Savings on ElectricityBill
Optimal battery size: energy/power
capacities ratio ≈ 0.5 hours
Share of savings for Li-
ion and FB
0
2%
1%
Sensitivity Analysis
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Transmission ChargesRegional Variation
Effect on Net Present
Value
< 50 £/kW
50-55 £/kW
55-60 £/kW
>60 £/kW
Northern
Southern
AverageTransmissiontariffs forecast(2016-20)
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
FB
Li-ion
NPV (£ x 1000)
Northern
NaS*
*
*
(*) Technologies not to be comparedeach other due to different lifetimes
Conclusions
50
2 1 3
Li-ionFB
NaS
There is a business case for properly designed and operated battery systems considering just the savings on
electricity bills
ionionion
Li-ion
FBNaSNaS
51
POSTER 20
My sincere thanks to my supervisorsProfessor Nigel Brandon and Mr. Adrien
Lebrun.
MatteoNatalia Joseph Akash Lara Mauricio
Thank you!
18 16 15 17 19 20
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References
Question: <div>Icons made by <a href="http://www.freepik.com" title="Freepik">Freepik</a> from <a href="http://www.flaticon.com" title="Flaticon">www.flaticon.com</a> is licensed by <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" title="Creative Commons BY 3.0" target="_blank">CC 3.0 BY</a></div>
Model IT50 ROT ORC Waste Heat Turbine AC Generator 50hz 60hz Organic Rankine Cycle System. (2016). Available from: http://www.infinityturbine.com/it50.html [Accessed 14/09/2016].
Baxi . (2008) Evacuated Tube Collector Installation Guide.
54
References
SPF Institute for Solar Technology. (2016) SPF Online Collector Catalogue. Available from: http://www.spf.ch/Collectors.111.0.html?&L=6 [Accessed 17/08/2016].
TVP Solar Product Datasheet. (2016). Available from: http://www.tvpsolar.com/files/pagine/1464011780_MT-Power%20Datasheet%20(v4.2x)(ver5).pdf [Accessed 14/09/2016].
Smiley Sun: <div>Icons made by <a href="http://www.flaticon.com/authors/roundicons" title="Roundicons">Roundicons</a> from <a href="http://www.flaticon.com" title="Flaticon">www.flaticon.com</a> is licensed by <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" title="Creative Commons BY 3.0" target="_blank">CC 3.0 BY</a></div>
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55
Council tax Stamp Duty FiT DRO Green Mortgage Help to HeatCustomer issues STS approach weighting
boosts customer demand 4 4 2 2 4 3 90%reduces costs of retrofit per household 3 2 3 3 5 5 73%generates reasonable payback periods for customers 2 1 3 3 4 4 60%reduces customer 'hassle factor' 3 3 3 4 3 4 90%reflects retrofit uptake in property capital value 5 5 2 2 4 3 60%causes less risk of 'rebound effect' 2 2 4 4 2 2 80%ensures trust among customers 4 4 3 2 3 2 70%
Political/Economic issuesprioritises fuel poor households 3 4 1 1 1 5 100%cost-neutral to Treasury 2 2 1 3 4 1 85%compatible with other policies 4 4 3 3 4 3 100%introduces complemetary minimum standards/regulations 5 4 2 2 4 2 60%CO2 abatement potential 4 3 2 2 3 2 100%
Supply chain issuesdevelops expertise of the supply chain 4 4 2 2 4 3 60%mobilizes the SWI market 2 2 2 2 3 3 100%improves information base of existing building stock 3 3 2 2 3 3 69%improves quality of home energy surveys 2 2 2 2 2 2 66%ensures coordination of stakeholders within the supply chain 4 4 2 2 4 3 60%compliance with business models of delivery organisations 5 5 2 2 4 3 84%ensures resident engagement initiatives 4 2 2 2 2 4 80%
50 47 33 35 48 45
1 3 6 5 2 4
Total
Ranking
56
System Collector types
Total Annual Electrical
Output (kWhe)
Total Annual Cooling Output
(kWhc)
Electrical demand coverage (not
including refrigerator)
Cooling demand coverage
Electrical demand coverage
Solar collector +
ORC + DAR using control
strategy-1
Direct flow collector 122.8 94.3 3.3% 9.8% 4.6%
Heat pipe collector 172.7 121 4.7% 12.6% 6.3%
Evacuated flat collector 224.2 125.9 6.1% 13.1% 7.8%
Solar collector +
ORC + DAR using control
strategy-2
Direct flow collector 128.6 127.1 3.5% 13.3% 5.2%
Heat pipe collector 198.3 140.4 5.4% 14.7% 7.3%
Evacuated flat collector 269.7 146.2 7.3% 15.3% 9.3%
Solar collector +
ORC + DAR using control
strategy-3
Direct flow collector 202.5 9.1 5.5% 1% 5.6%
Heat pipe collector 256.8 32.7 7% 3.4% 7.4%
Evacuated flat collector 330.6 37.8 9% 3.9% 9.5%
Solar collector +
ORC + Single effect
absorption refrigerator
Direct flow collector 157.9 97.4 4.3% 20.3% 7.1%
Heat pipe collector 207.4 116.8 5.6% 24.4% 9%
Evacuated flat collector 277.2 139.3 7.5% 29.1% 11.4%
Solar collector +
ORC + Double effect
absorption refrigerator
Direct flow collector 162.3 98 4.4% 20.5% 7.4%
Heat pipe collector 211.7 119.6 5.8% 25% 9.3%
Evacuated flat collector 278.9 151.2 7.6% 31.6% 11.8%