building the technical foundation for biological objectives 1 peter ode and andrew rehn (dfg-abl)...
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Building the Technical Foundation for Biological Objectives
1
Peter Ode and Andrew Rehn (DFG-ABL) Raphael Mazor and Ken Schiff (SCCWRP)
CABW, November 2012
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• Technical Foundation (Peter Ode/ Rafi Mazor – DFG, SCCWRP)• Regulatory Framework (Karen Larsen, State Water Board)• Causal Analysis (David Gillett, SCCWRP)• Stakeholder Process (Brock Bernstein)• Open Discussion
• Measuring Stressor Distributions (Andy Rehn, DFG)• Tools for Assessing Stream/Wetland Condition (Eric Stein,
SCCWRP)• SWAMP’s Lab SOP for BMIs (Melinda Woodard, QA Team)
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Part I – Laying the groundwork (20)Part II – Creating the scoring tools (40)Part III – Supporting Implementation (20)
Technical Foundation
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Technical Team
*Andy Rehn, DFG-ABL*Raphael Mazor, SCCWRP +DFG-ABLLarry Brown, USGSJason May, USGSDavid Herbst, SNARLPeter Ode, DFG-WPCL/ABL
Ken Schiff, SCCWRPDavid Gillett, SCCWRPEric Stein, SCCWRPBetty Fetscher, SCCWRPKevin Lunde, SF Water Board
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Why Develop Ecological Indicators?
• Global paradigm shift toward ecological indicators
• Provide direct evidence about resources we are trying to protect
• More relevant measures of impacts and BMP effectiveness
• Links resource protection across multiple agencies by focus on ultimate policy goals
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CA’s Ecological Indicators
Multiple Indicators – BMIs, algae, (fish), riparian vegetation
Multiple waterbody types – large rivers, non-perennial streams, lakes, wetlands
Start with invertebrates and perennial streams
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invertebrates:
the backbone of bioassessment
• Abundant• Diverse• Informative• Adorable
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How do we convert a list of species How do we convert a list of species into a condition score?into a condition score?
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Lab Methods
Field Methods
Quality Assurance Documentation
Data Management + Reporting
Standardized Bioassessment Infrastructure Elements
Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP)
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Biological Objectives Workgroups
Stakeholder Advisory
Group
Scientific Advisory
Group Regulatory Advisory
Group
Steering Committee
> 20 meetings, excellent feedback
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Scientific Advisory Panel
Charles Hawkins, Utah State UniversityDave Buchwalter, North Carolina State
Rick Hafele, Oregon DEQ (retired)Chris Konrad, USGS
LeRoy Poff, Colorado State John VanSickle*, EPA (retired)
Lester Yuan*, EPA
*not pictured
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Scoring Tools Depend on Reference Sites (sites with low levels of disturbance)
“What should the biology look like at a test site?”
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Technical Challenges: Strong natural gradients result in natural variation
in biological expectationsTemperature PrecipitationGeology
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Population (2000 census)
Technical Challenges:Intense development can create regional gaps
Agricultural Areas(2001 NLCD)
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Reference Sites for BiocriteriaSelecting for site quality and representativeness
Challenge: Very few (if any) pristine streams exist; site selection process has to maximize representativeness while minimizing amount of disturbance at reference sites
Performance Objectives: 1. Reference pool represents the majority of CA streams
2. Biological “quality” is maintained at reference sites
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Assemble Data from > 2400 sites
NHD+: perennial
non-perennialcanals
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• Infrastructure: roads, railroads• Population• Hydromodification
– manmade channels, canals, pipelines
• Landuse– Ag/Urban development– Timber Harvest, Grazing
• Fire history, dams, mines• 303d list, known discharges• Invasive invertebrates, plants• Instream and riparian habitat• Water chemistry
Reference sites have few sources of human stress
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Thresholds are comparable or stricter than other CA indices and include many more criteria
Metric Bio-Objectives
South Coast IBI
North Coast IBI
Local Disturbance (W1_Hall) 1.5 - -
% Agricultural 3,3,10 5 5
% Urban 3,3,10 3 3
% Ag + Urban 5,5,10
% Code 21 7,7,10 in urban in urban
Road Dens (km/km2) 1.5 2.0 1.5/ 2.0
Paved Road X-ings (#/ws) 5/10/50
Nearest Dams >10 km - -
Active Producing Mines 0 (5k) - -
% Canals & Pipelines 10 - -
Gravel Mine Density 0.1 (r5k)
Conductivity <2000 uS, + <99%, >1%
BPJ Screen X X X
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Very good geographic coverageREGION n
North Coast 75Central Valley 1
Coastal Chaparral 57Interior Chaparral 33
South Coast Mountains
85
South Coast Xeric 34Western Sierra 131
Central Lahontan 114Deserts + Modoc 27
TOTAL 586
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Multivariate view of natural diversity
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Strong environmental representativeness
large North Coast rivers
hot, dry (non-perennial?)
low elevation South Coast
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22photo courtesy John Sandberg
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• Setting Impairment Thresholds• Ensuring statewide consistency• Applicability: Objective approaches for
setting limits to the tools• Summary and What’s Next
Part III – Supporting Implementation(technical support for policy decisions)
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Desirable Qualities of Regulatory Thresholds
• Objective• Balance false positives and false
negatives – should be protective of resource, but not over-sensitive
• Incorporate uncertainty of site score
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0.85
1.0.75.50.25 1.25
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CA Stream Condition Index Value
Distribution based thresholds:
very impaired
0.71
1st
%
10th
%
impaired good
Mean = 1.01SD = 0.13
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1.0.75.50.25 1.25
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Incorporating Test Site UncertaintyUse within-site error rate to account for
uncertainty around test site score
0.82
very impaired imp good
0.30 +/- 2 sd
more certainty with multiple samples
Site A Site B (1 sample)
Site B (5 samples)
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Ensuring Regionally Consistent Thresholds
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Enhancing threshold consistency
5th
percentile
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Where can we apply the CSCI?
• Categorical = exception classes in policy• Excepted regions (e.g., Central Valley)• Excepted waterbody types (e.g., modified
channels)
• Quantitative Approaches
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Hardscape Classification
% of So Cal Stream Miles
Concrete Walls and Bottom 3.2%
Concrete Walls, Unlined Bottom 3.6%
Unlined, But Straightened 16.6%
Natural Watercourse 76.3%
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Could be used to establish exceptions for truly unique environmental settings
Quantitative Approaches: “is a test site within the experience of the model in
environmental space?”
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Applicability of the CSCI in exception class settings
• We can still use the CSCI as a ruler, but we won’t regulate based a reference-based threshold
• Could use “best attainable” approach instead of “reference” to set expectation, or use to compare among sites
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Automation and DocumentationSTANDARD METHODS … available on SWAMP websiteAUTOMATE calculations
•Package GIS layers•Make standard calculation and reporting tools available via CEDEN
Document, document, document•Journal articles•Website 101 and FAQ•Website appendices
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Questions?