Building structure today in small residental houses

Plu

sen

erg

y h

ouse

Karin Adalberth, PhD energy consultant

Energy-

use

(kWh/yr)

Energy

use

(kWh/(m2.yr))

Energy

production

(kWh/yr)

Energy

production

(kWh/yr)

Bought–sold

energy

(kWh/yr)

Space heat

and hot

water

3000

20

Heat from

18 m2

solar panels

1900

Bought heat

pellets

1100

Electricity

2500

15

Electricity

from

32 m2

PVs

4200

Sold el

1700

” We buy 1100 kWh pellets/yr

and sell 1700 kWh electricity ”

Slab on ground, U value 0,07 W/(m²·K)

100 mm concrete

400 mm polystyren

macadam

Soil/clay

100+150 mm

polystyren

External wall U value 0,07 W/(m²·K) From outside:

8 mm cladding

12 mm mineral based panel

28 mm air gap

250 mm stone wool

15 mm plywood

220 mm stone wool between wooden studs

0,2 mm PE foil

70 mm stone wool between wooden stud

12 mm gypsum wall board

inside

Roof, U value 0,07

From outside:

metal roofing

asphalt impregnated paper

28 mm wooden panel

450 mm stone wool between light weight wooden roof trusses

0,2 mm PE foil

95 mm stone wool between wooden stud

12 mm gypsum wall board

inside

• U value 0,8 W/(m2*K)

• 3 layers of glass

• Low emission coating

• Crypton filling

• Plastic glass distance

• Solar protection layer towards south and west

Window

Vacuum insulation

• Thermal conductivity 0,005 W/(mK)

• Costs 7 times more

• Thin constructions

Air tightness

Motives:

1. energy

2. moisture

3. thermal comfort

Building frame technology

• Wooden studs + PE foil

• Concrete frame work

• Brick + cladding

• Light weigt concrete + cladding

Good air tightness – a must!!

Target < 0,25 litre/(m2 *s) at 50 Pa

Drawings

Tutoring at site

Pressure testing early

Feedback

Where are the weak parts?

Between

• Window and wall

• Door and wall

• Wall and intermediate floor

• Wall and foundation

• Penetrations

0,20 m polyethylene foil – resistance of aging

Tape, non aging

Collars/sleeves

inside

Penetration

Swedish Guinness of records

2003 Landskrona detached houses 0,098 liter/m²·s

2008 Viskafors detached houses 0,06 liter/m²·s

2009 Kinna multi-family house 0,05 liter/m²·s

2009 Värmland detached houses 0,04 liter/m²·s

- Ventilations Is needed to get good IAQ

- Natural ventilation

- Gives good IAQ winter

- Gives poor IAQ summer

- No heat recovery

- Exhaust air

- Gives poor thermal comfort winter

Ventilation systems

- Mechanical in- and outlet air

- yearly temp. eff. > 87%

- counter flow heat exchanger

- fans 2x35 W

- heating battery, water based

(normally electricity)

Ventilation system

- air flow: low, Swedish std, increased

0,10 0,35 0,45 litre/(m²·s)

- regulating when leaving the house

- increasing inlet air when using

pellets stowe, kitchen fan and

central vaccum cleaner

- bye-pass automaticly (or manuel)

eg. Ti>25 och Tu<22°C

Ventilation system

Summer • Low glass area

facing south

• Solar protection

layer g 35%

• Bye-pass

• Internal solar

protection fabric

gtot 15%

• Airing

• Indoor temp.

25-30 °C

• External blinds

very important!

PCM

Gypsum wallboard with

wax granulate

Shifts structure with increasing

temperature, PCM

Stabilize indoor temperature

Switching temperature 23 or 26°C

Hot water production

• Incoming cold water preheated

winter 8 °C => winter 15 °C

summer 12 °C => summer 20 °C

• Energy saving 20-25%

• Hot water usage

year 1600-1650 kWh/yr

Energy production

South part of roof

32 m2 PVs

18 m2

solar panels

Heating distrubution system – with air?

0,35 liter/m²·s

0,7 liter/m²·s

Heating distrubution system – with air?

Radiators • Under floor heating - no

• Estetic and pratical placed

• Winter dec 10: -22 °C

dec 11: -18 °C

• Radiator temp

25-28 °C

• Indoor temp 20-22 °C

• Indoor summer 25-30 °C

bye-pass, airing, solar

protection layer

Electricity Refridgerator and freezer, 150-200 kWh/unit

(Cylinda)

Dishwasher and washing machine

supplied by hot water (Cylinda resp Elektrolux)

No stand by

LED – indoor and outdoor

1 and 7 Watt, respectively

Use of electricity 2010 - 2012

• Household electricity 1750-1850 kWh/yr

• Ventilation 240-260 kWh/yr

• Pumps etc 600

Totalt 2650

Estimated 2500

PVs 4320 kWh

Estimated 4200

Economy

• Soil € 65 000

• Administration € 16 000

• Designing € 30 000

• Contractor € 238 000

Solar panels and PVs € 55 000

Additional insulation € 20 000

Energy eff windows € 3 000

• Rest € 3 000

• Sum € 500 000 - € 21000

78 000

-21 000

Thank you !