building-specific risk assessment and resilient design for … · 2018-03-17 · building code...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Edward AlmeterEngineering Researcher, Haselton Baker Risk Group
Curt B. Haselton, PhD, PEProfessor of Civil Engineering @ CSU, Chico
Co-Founder and CEO @ Haselton Baker Risk Group
www.hbrisk.com
SP3 Webinar Series
Building-Specific Risk Assessment and Resilient Design for Buckling-
Restrained Braced Frame Buildings
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© HB Risk Group
All phone lines are muted Questions are highly encourage (answered at end) Handouts are available – presentation slides Webinar is recorded and video will be distributed Please take a brief survey before signing off at end of webinar
Housekeeping
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© HB Risk Group
Questions:• Please use questions tab and we will
address as many as we can at the end of the webinar.
• For further questions, or for feedback on forward development, please contact Angie at HB-Risk and she can connect you with the right person ([email protected]).
Housekeeping
4
© HB Risk Group
Overview of SP3 Webinar Series:1) The new SP3 Structural Response Prediction Engine
[available at www.hbrisk.com]2) The new SP3 Building-Specific Risk Model
[available at www.hbrisk.com]3) SP3 Building-Specific Risk Assessment for tilt-up buildings
[available at www.hbrisk.com]4) SP3 Building-Specific Risk Assessment for Wood Light-Frame
Buildings [available at www.hbrisk.com]5) SP3 Building-Specific Risk Assessment and Resilient Design
of Buckling Restrained Braced Frame Buildings [today]
Housekeeping
5
Edward AlmeterEngineering Researcher, Haselton Baker Risk Group
Curt B. Haselton, PhD, PEProfessor of Civil Engineering @ CSU, Chico
Co-Founder and CEO @ Haselton Baker Risk Group
www.hbrisk.com
SP3 Webinar Series
Building-Specific Risk Assessment and Resilient Design for Buckling-
Restrained Braced Frame Buildings
6
© HB Risk Group
Overview of FEMA P-58, current SP3 tools, and recent developments Specific goals for this BRBF project New SP3 models for BRBF buildings:
• Structural Response Prediction Engine for BRBFs (with focus on residual drifts)
• BRBF fragility functions (specific to geometry, etc.)• Sample results for building in Los Angeles
Resilient design of BRBF buildings Summary and next steps Question & Answer
Outline for Today
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FEMA P-58 is a probabilistic performance prediction methodology (15 year, $16M+ invested, ~100+ on the team)
FEMA P-58 is tailored for building-specific analysis (in contrast to most risk assessment methods)
FEMA P-58 output results:• Repair costs• Repair time• Safety: Fatalities &
injuries
FEMA P-58 Overview
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FEMA P-58 Overview
Ground Motion Hazard
Component DamageEconomic Loss
Casualties
Repair Time
Structural Responses
SP3 uses FEMA P-58 and adds much more:
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FEMA P-58 provides the comprehensive and standardized
building-specific risk assessment (with ~$16M to develop).
SP3 provides a user-friendly software to integrate all steps in a FEMA P-58
risk assessment.
The initial assessment should take a couple hours and not days or
weeks.
SP3 Software Compliments FEMA P-58
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Our Goal: To enable and facilitate rapid and advanced building-specific seismic riskassessments for all buildings (i.e. building-specific vulnerability curves).
Expected Outcomes: We believe that this will:
(a) facilitate the design of more resilient buildings, and(b) enable better risk-related decision making (e.g. insurance risk,
mortgage risk, etc.).
Our Goal with SP3
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Our Goal: To enable and facilitate rapid and advanced building-specific seismic riskassessments for all buildings (i.e. building-specific vulnerability curves).
Our Goal with SP3
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Our Goal: To enable and facilitate rapid and advanced building-specific seismic riskassessments for all buildings (i.e. building-specific vulnerability curves).
Recent “Rapid and Advanced” Research and Development:– No need for nonlinear structural analysis – “we do the structural
analysis for you” (Structural Response Prediction Engine) - Webinar #1– The new SP3 Building-Specific Risk Model now also automates many
other inputs (strength by age/location, period, etc.) - Webinar #2
Recent “For all Buildings” Research and Development:– Extended to tilt-up of all eras (beta) – Webinar #3– Extended to wood light-frame – Webinar #4– Now further refined for BRBF buildings – This Webinar– SP3 now supports rapid risk assessment for all common building types
other than URM.
Our Goal with SP3
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Current SP3 Tools – Engineering
Site Hazard Structural Responses
Structural Components & Fragilities
Nonstructural Components &
Fragilities
Building-Specific Vulnerability
Curves
Full distributions of losses and repair
times, and expected annual values.
FEMA P-58 Monte Carlo
Analysis ENGINE
In the SP3_Engineering tool, inputs are done by a licensed
engineer on a building-specific and site-specific basis (with
some provided automation).
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Building-Specific Vulnerability
Curves
Full distributions of losses and repair
times, and expected annual values.
Basic Building and Site
Information(e.g. location, construction
year, etc.)
Additional Secondary Modifiers
(more building and site info.)
SP3 BUILDING-SPECIFIC RISK MODEL
Full FEMA P-58 engineering-based risk assessment framework
Automation through many research-backed analytical SP3 Engines and SP3 Databases
When full automation is used, this provides building-specific and site-specific
vulnerability curves quickly and can be used for large inventories (with support
from SP3_Batch)
Current SP3 Tools – SP3_RiskModel
Site Hazard Structural Responses
Structural Components & Fragilities
Nonstructural Components &
Fragilities FEMA P-58 Monte Carlo
Analysis ENGINE
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Site Hazard Structural Responses
Structural Components & Fragilities
Nonstructural Components &
Fragilities
Building-Specific Vulnerability
Curves
Full distributions of losses and repair
times, and expected annual values.
Basic Building and Site
Information(e.g. location, construction
year, etc.)
Additional Secondary Modifiers
(more building and site info.)
FEMA P-58 Monte Carlo
Analysis ENGINE
PGA and Sa for many hazard
levels
Site Hazards Database
Soil type
Structural responses(e.g. peak drift, floor acceleration,
residual drift; for ~100 motions)
Structural Response Prediction ENGINE
Structural Responses Database
Structural Models
Database
Dynamic Properties
ENGINE
Building Code Design Database
Site Soil DB
Struct. comp. inventory
Building strength
Experimental Test Database
Structural Designs
Database
Site-specific EQ and wind
strength design
Over-strength by bldg. type, location, etc.
Site-specific EQ and wind drift
design
Building stiffness (T1)
Building modal properties
(T2-T3, φ1-φ3)
Strength and stiffness of gravity and non-str.
components
Site-specific non-structural comp. design
Comp. Popul.
ENGINES
Non-str. comp. inventoryStruct. comp.
fragilitiesNon-str. comp.
fragilities
Component Fragility
Database
Current SP3 Tools – SP3_RiskModel
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Goal: Expand P-58/SP3 risk analysis for BRBF buildings (without the user needing to create a NL structural model).
• Extend the SP3 Structural Response Prediction Engine to better predict responses of BRBF buildings, with specific focus on residual drifts.
• Expand the SP3 Fragility Database to have a new family of CoreBrace BRBF fragilities; make these specific to the high-ductility of CoreBrace BRBFs and make them geometry-specific (132 new fragilities).
• Include these new developments in both the SP3_Engineering tool (for full detailed engineering evaluations) and the SP3_RiskModel (which supports rapid evaluations for single-building to large inventories).
• Use these new developments to create Guidelines for Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings (in progress).
BRBF Project Goals
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SP3 Structural Response Prediction ENGINE
“We do the nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for you.”
Component Fragility Database
(132 new fragilities specific to brace geometry and higher
ductility of CoreBrace BRBF data)
SP3 Structural Responses Database
SP3 Structural Designs Database
SP3 Structural Models Database
BRBF Project Components
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Overview of FEMA P-58, current SP3 tools, and recent developments Specific goals for this BRBF project New SP3 models for BRBF buildings:
• Structural Response Prediction Engine for BRBFs (with focus on residual drifts)
• BRBF fragility functions (specific to geometry, etc.)• Sample results for building in Los Angeles
Resilient design of BRBF buildings Summary and next steps Question & Answer
Outline for Today
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Structural Modeling Goals
SP3 Structural Response Prediction ENGINE
“We do the nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for you.”
Specifically predict:
– peak interstory drift
– peak floor acceleration
– residual interstory drift (a big focus)
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Modeling Approach
• Designs from ATC-76 (NIST GCR 10-917-8) – 37 Archetypes available in report– 19 in seismic design category “Dmax” (SDS = 1.0, S1 = 0.6)
• 4 bracing configurations• 3 primary variants
– No gravity system– Gravity system– With backup frame (not designed as dual system)
• OpenSees used for modeling (with 44 ATC-63 ground motions)
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0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15
Median Peak IDR / Yield IDR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R /
Yie
ld ID
R
FEMA P-58-1 eqn. 5-24
No Backup Frame
No Backup Frame With Gravity
With Backup Frame
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Median IDR (%) for y = 0.2%
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R (%
) for
y =
0.2
%
Modeling Results – Residual Drifts
Detailed nonlinear dynamic structural modeling, with many
building designs, was used to refine the residual drift model for CoreBrace BRBF buildings.
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Modeling Results – Residual Drifts
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15
Median Peak IDR / Yield IDR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R /
Yie
ld ID
R
FEMA P-58-1 eqn. 5-24
No Backup Frame
No Backup Frame With Gravity
With Backup Frame
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Median IDR (%) for y = 0.2%
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R (%
) for
y =
0.2
%
The FEMA P-58 default residual drift model is slightly conservative for
CoreBrace BRBFs (but only slightly).
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0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15
Median Peak IDR / Yield IDR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R /
Yie
ld ID
R
FEMA P-58-1 eqn. 5-24
No Backup Frame
No Backup Frame With Gravity
With Backup Frame
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Median IDR (%) for y = 0.2%
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R (%
) for
y =
0.2
%
Modeling Results – Residual Drifts
Including a typical gravity system (beam/slab and
shear tab connections) in the nonlinear structural model
shows substantial reduction in residual drifts.
The FEMA P-58 default residual drift model is slightly conservative for
CoreBrace BRBFs (but only slightly).
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Including a moment-connected back-up frame in
the nonlinear structural model shows even more
reduction in residual drifts. The typically designed back-up frames (sized for gravity) were sufficient and they did
not need additional requirements for the back-up
frames.
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15
Median Peak IDR / Yield IDR
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R /
Yie
ld ID
R
FEMA P-58-1 eqn. 5-24
No Backup Frame
No Backup Frame With Gravity
With Backup Frame
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Median IDR (%) for y = 0.2%
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
2.4
Med
ian
Res
idua
l ID
R (%
) for
y =
0.2
%
The FEMA P-58 default residual drift model is slightly conservative for
CoreBrace BRBFs (but only slightly).
Including a typical gravity system (beam/slab and
shear tab connections) in the nonlinear structural model
shows substantial reduction in residual drifts.
Modeling Results – Residual Drifts
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Modeling Results – Peak Interstory Drifts
• Peak interstory drift1) Predict roof drift from ASCE 41 target displacement2) Modify roof drift for inelastic responses (based on OpenSees model results)3) Allocate drift to stories based on elastic modal analysis (three modes)4) Localize story drifts based on level of inelasticity (function of S, strength ratio)
𝑆𝑆 =𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑎�𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 𝑊𝑊
Note that the presence of gravity system, as well as the backup frame, affect the response and this is accounted for in this method.
• Basic schematic of interstory drift prediction:
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Method Results – Peak Floor Accelerations
• Peak floor acceleration– Predict based on elastic modal analysis (3 modes) and then saturate accelerations for
inelastic effects.– Saturation is a function of strength ratio, 𝑆𝑆.
• Basic schematic of PFA prediction:
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Overview of FEMA P-58, current SP3 tools, and recent developments Specific goals for this BRBF project New SP3 models for BRBF buildings:
• Structural Response Prediction Engine for BRBFs (with focus on residual drifts)
• BRBF fragility functions (specific to geometry, etc.)• Sample results for building in Los Angeles
Resilient design of BRBF buildings Summary and next steps Question & Answer
Outline for Today
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© HB Risk Group
CoreBrace Fragilities
• Coverage: Standard CoreBrace braces– Brace configuration– Connection detail– Steel core area
14 16 20 14 16 20 14 16 20 14 16 2030 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15
2.14 1.88 1.50 1.43 1.25 1.00 1.43 1.25 1.00 1.07 0.94 0.75
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Asc
(in2 )
Single Diagonal
Chevron/VBrace ConfigurationStory Ht, H (ft)
Bay Width, B (ft)Bay/Story Height Ratio
Single Diagonal Chevron/V
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CoreBrace Fragilities
• Coverage: Standard CoreBrace braces– Brace configuration– Connection detail– Steel core area
14 16 20 14 16 20 14 16 20 14 16 2030 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15
2.14 1.88 1.50 1.43 1.25 1.00 1.43 1.25 1.00 1.07 0.94 0.75
5Bolted Pinned Welded
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Bolted Pinned
Asc
(in2 )
Single Diagonal
Chevron/VBrace ConfigurationStory Ht, H (ft)
Bay Width, B (ft)Bay/Story Height Ratio
Bolted
Pinned
Welded
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CoreBrace Fragilities
• Coverage: Standard CoreBrace braces– Brace configuration– Connection detail– Steel core area
14 16 20 14 16 20 14 16 20 14 16 2030 30 30 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 15 15
2.14 1.88 1.50 1.43 1.25 1.00 1.43 1.25 1.00 1.07 0.94 0.75
5Bolted Pinned Welded
Bolted Pinned Welded
Bolted Pinned Welded
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Bolted Pinned Welded
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Bolted Pinned
Asc
(in2 )
Single Diagonal
Chevron/VBrace ConfigurationStory Ht, H (ft)
Bay Width, B (ft)Bay/Story Height Ratio
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CoreBrace Fragilities
• Core Brace Fragilities– Demand Parameter: Interstory drift ratio (IDR)
Bay Width (B)
Sto
ry H
eigh
t (H
)
Sto
ry H
eigh
t (H
)Bay Width (B)
Lateral Disp. (Δ)
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = �∆ 𝐻𝐻
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CoreBrace Fragilities
• Comparison of new fragilities with standard FEMA P-58 fragilities (where the damage state is fracture of the brace requiring replacement)
FEMA P-58 baseline
CoreBrace
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Overview of FEMA P-58, current SP3 tools, and recent developments Specific goals for this BRBF project New SP3 models for BRBF buildings:
• Structural Response Prediction Engine for BRBFs (with focus on residual drifts)
• BRBF fragility functions (specific to geometry, etc.)• Sample results for building in Los Angeles
Resilient design of BRBF buildings Summary and next steps Question & Answer
Outline for Today
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© HB Risk Group
Sample Results – Mean Residual
Expected residual drifts:
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Sample Results – Mean Residual
Expected residual drifts:
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Sample Results – Mean Residual
Expected residual drifts:
Demolished
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Sample Results - Demolition
Probability of demolition (using the standard FEMA P-58 residual drift capacity threshold of 1% permanent drift):
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Sample Results - Demolition
Probability of demolition (using the standard FEMA P-58 residual drift capacity threshold of 1% permanent drift):
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Sample Results – Mean Loss
Effects on mean losses:
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Sample Results – Mean Loss
Effects on mean losses:
41
© HB Risk Group
Overview of FEMA P-58, current SP3 tools, and recent developments Specific goals for this BRBF project New SP3 models for BRBF buildings:
• Structural Response Prediction Engine for BRBFs (with focus on residual drifts)
• BRBF fragility functions (specific to geometry, etc.)• Sample results for building in Los Angeles
Resilient design of BRBF buildings Summary and next steps Question & Answer
Outline for Today
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“Resilient design” can mean a lot of things. Here we mean – limit damage, limit losses and building closure time;
essentially, don’t design a “safe but disposable” building.
Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
A group outlined these concepts for a 2017
SEAOC paper.
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“Resilient design” can mean a lot of things. Here we mean – limit damage, limit losses and building closure time;
essentially, don’t design a “safe but disposable” building.
Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
A group outlined these concepts for a 2017
SEAOC paper.
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© HB Risk Group
1) Keep brace strains low enough to not have fracture and
not need repair (easy with CoreBrace BRBFs).
2) Control residual drifts through use of a back-up frame that provides a restoring force.
3) Often reduce design drift to prevent drift-sensitive non-
structural damage (same for any structural system).
4) Prevent acceleration-sensitive non-structural
damage by either strengthening anchorages and/or controlling
floor acceleration demands (easier for BRBFs because PFAs are lower than elastic building).
1)
2)
3)
4)
Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
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Baseline from previous:
Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
Step #1: Design BRBFs to not require structural repair (easy with
a standard CoreBrace BRBF design).
Step #2: Use a moment-connected back-up frame to provide an
elastic restoring force and control residual drifts (purple).
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Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
Step #3: Reduce design drift to protect non-structural
drift-sensitive components (e.g. drywall, cladding, etc.).
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Resilient Design of BRBF BuildingsStep #3b: Redesign some non-
structural components to further reduce non-structural
drift-sensitive damage (e.g. cladding, etc.).
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Resilient Design of BRBF BuildingsStep #4: Use real floor
acceleration demands (not ASCE7 demands) and redesign anchorages,
equipment, elevators, etc.).
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Resilient Design of BRBF BuildingsStep #4: Use real floor
acceleration demands (not ASCE7 demands) and redesign anchorages,
equipment, elevators, etc.).
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
PFA (g)
0123456789
101112
Stor
y N
umbe
r
12 Story BRBF(475 year motion)
I=1.00, S=3.04
I=1.25, S=2.54
I=1.50, S=2.18
I=1.75, S=1.91
I=2.00, S=1.70
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Now that we have a refined P-58/SP3 risk assessment method for BRBF buildings, we can use this to create quantitative resilient design guidelines.
Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
Drift Limit (%)
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
Mea
n Lo
ss R
atio
Los Angeles, 8 Story,475 year motion
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Next steps for resilient design guidelines:• We will complete further parameter studies to quantify how
change to design requirements affect building resilience.• This will result in charts and tables similar to the design drift
figure on the last slide (e.g. what design drift do you need to use to get a 5% loss).
• We will then boil this down into design guidelines.• Note that, because the P-58/SP3 method is so building/site-
specific, these charts/guidelines differ between various buildings and sites (e.g. easily a 2x difference for site or for short vs. tall).
• With the P-58/SP3 method being so building/site-specific, the charts/guidelines will get you in the “design ballpark”, and then a P-58/SP3 analysis should be run to confirm the resilience of the final design.
Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings
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Outcome: Expanded P-58/SP3 risk analysis for BRBF buildings (without the need for expensive nonlinear structural modeling):
• Extended the SP3 Structural Response Prediction Engine to better predict responses of BRBF buildings, with specific focus on residual drifts.
• Expanded the SP3 Fragility Database to have a new family of CoreBrace BRBF fragilities; make these specific to the high-ductility of CoreBrace BRBFs and make them geometry-specific (132 new fragilities).
• Included these new developments in both the SP3_Engineering tool (for full detailed engineering evaluations) and the SP3_RiskModel(which supports rapid evaluations for single-building to large inventories).
• Used these new developments begin creating Guidelines for Resilient Design of BRBF Buildings (ongoing).
Summary of Project Outcomes
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Summary of SP3 Webinar Series:1) The new SP3 Structural Response Prediction Engine
[available at www.hbrisk.com]2) The new SP3 Building-Specific Risk Model
[available at www.hbrisk.com]3) SP3 Building-Specific Risk Assessment for tilt-up buildings
[available at www.hbrisk.com]4) SP3 Building-Specific Risk Assessment for Wood Light-Frame
Buildings [available at www.hbrisk.com]5) SP3 Building-Specific Risk Assessment and Resilient Design
of Buckling Restrained Braced Frame Buildings [today]
Summary of Webinars in this Series
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Closing and Questions
Thank you for your time. Our goal is to support adoption of resilience-based design and risk
assessment, and we welcome feedback and suggestions.
Time for questions!
Ed Almeter: [email protected] Haselton: [email protected]
Angie Carpenter (HB-Risk admin): [email protected]
www.hbrisk.com
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© HB Risk Group
Questions:• Please use questions tab and we will
address as many as we can for the rest of our time.
• For further questions, or for feedback on forward development, please contact Angie at HB-Risk and she can connect you with the right person ([email protected]).
Closing and Questions