building material used for constructions

8/9/2019 Building Material Used for Constructions

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/building-material-used-for-constructions 1/13

CONTENT

Contents

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 2

FABRIC:....................................................................................................................2

MUD AND CLAY........................................................................................................3

ROCKS:.................................................................................................................... 4

THATCH:..................................................................................................................5

CEMENT:.................................................................................................................. 5

CONCRETE :.............................................................................................................6

METAL......................................................................................................................7

GLASS:.................................................................................................................... 9

PLASTIC:................................................................................................................ 1

FOAMS :................................................................................................................. 1

CEMENT COMPOSITE :........................................................................................... 11



BUILDING MATERIAL USED FORCONSTRUCTIONS

INTRODUCTION

B!"#$"%& '()*+"(# ", (%- '()*+"(# /"0/ ", !,*$ + ( 0%,)+!0)"%

!+,*. M(%- %()!+(##- 00!++"%& ,!,)(%0*, ,!0/ (, 0#(- ,(%$

$ (%$ +0, **% )"&, (%$ #*(*, /(* **% !,*$ ) 0%,)+!0)

!"#$"%&,. A(+) +' %()!+(##- 00!++"%& '()*+"(#, '(%- '(%8'($*

+$!0), (+* "% !,* ,'* '+* (%$ ,'* #*,, ,-%)/*)"0. T/*

'(%!(0)!+* !"#$"%& '()*+"(#, ", (% *,)(#",/*$ "%$!,)+- "% '(%-

0!%)+"*, (%$ )/* !,* )/*,* '()*+"(#, ", )-"0(##- ,*&'*%)*$ "%),*0"0 ,*0"(#)- )+($*, ,!0/ (, 0(+*%)+- #!'"%& +%& (%$

"%,!#()"% +. T/*- +"$* )/* '(*8! /(")(), (%$ ,)+!0)!+*,

"%0#!$"%& /'*,.

FABRIC: T/* )*%) !,*$ ) * )/* /'* 0/"0* ('%& %'($"0

&+!, )/* +#$ *+. T *## %% )-*, "%0#!$* )/* 0%"0(# )****

(%$ )/* 0"+0!#(+ -!+). I) /(, **% +*"*$ (, ( '(+ 0%,)+!0)"%

)*0/%";!* ")/ )/* $**#'*%) )*%,"#* (+0/")*0)!+* (%$ ,-%)/*)"0

(+"0,. M$*+% !"#$"%&, 0(% * '($* <*="#* '()*+"(# ,!0/ (,

(+"0 '*'+(%*, (%$ ,!+)*$ - ( ,-,)*' ,)**# 0(#*,.



MUD AND CLAY : T/* ('!%) *(0/ '()*+"(# !,*$ #*($, ) $">*+*%)

,)-#*, !"#$"%&,. T/* $*0"$"%& (0)+ ", !,!(##- 0%%*0)*$ ")/ )/*

;!(#")- )/* ,"# *"%& !,*$. L(+&*+ ('!%), 0#(- !,!(##- '*(%

!,"%& )/* 0?($* ,)-#* /"#* # 0#(- ,"# ", !,!(##- (,,0"()*$ ")/

,$ !"#$"%&. T/* )/*+ '("% "%&+*$"*%), "%0#!$* '+* + #*,,

,(%$?&+(*# (%$ ,)+(?&+(,,*,. R(''*$ *(+)/ ", )/ (% #$ (%$

%**+ )(* % 0+*()"%& (##, %0* '($* - 0'(0)"%& 0#(- ,"#,

*)**% #(%, - /(%$ % +', (%$ '*0/(%"0(# %*!'()"00'+*,,+, (+* !,*$.

S"# (%$ *,*0"(##- 0#(- ", &$ )/*+'(# '(,,@ ") ", *+- &$ ()

**"%& )*'*+()!+*, () ( 0%,)(%) #**#. H'*, !"#) ")/ *(+)/ )*%$

) * %()!+(##- 0# "% )/* ,!''*+ /*() (%$ (+' "% 0#$ *()/*+. C#(-

/#$, /*() + 0#$ +*#*(,"%& ") *+ ( *+"$ )"'* #"* ,)%*. E(+)/*%

(##, 0/(%&* )*'*+()!+* ,##- , (+)"0"(##- +(","%& + #*+"%& )/*

)*'*+()!+* 0(% !,* '+* +*,!+0*, )/(% "% ,(- ( $ !"#) /!,*

!) )/* /*()?0#%*,, ,)(-, #%&*+.

P*#*, !"#$"%& ")/ ',)#- $"+) (%$ 0#(- ,!0/ (, 0 ,$ (%$

($* +*,!#)*$ "% /'*, )/() /(* **% !"#) + 0*%)!+"*, "% *,)*+%

(%$ %+)/*+% E!+* (, *## (, )/* +*,) )/* +#$ (%$ 0%)"%!* )



* !"#) )/!&/ % ( ,'(##*+ ,0(#*. S'* )/*,* !"#$"%&, /(*

+*'("%*$ /(")(#* + /!%$+*$, -*(+,.

ROCKS: R0 ,)+!0)!+*, /(* *=",)*$ + (, #%& (, /",)+- 0(% +*0(##I) ", )/* #%&*,) #(,)"%& !"#$"%& '()*+"(# (("#(#* (%$ ", !,!(##-

+*($"#- (("#(#*. T/*+* (+* '(%- )-*, +0 )/+!&/ !) )/* +#$

(## ")/ $">*+"%& ())+"!)*, )/() '(* )/*' *))*+ + +,* +

(+)"0!#(+ !,*,. R0 ", ( *+- $*%,* '()*+"(# , ") &"*, ( #)

+)*0)"% ) "), '("% $+(8(0 (, ( '()*+"(# ", "), *"&/) (%$

((+$%*,,.

S)%* (##, /(* **% !"#) + (, #%& (, /!'(%, /(* !) %* ,)%*

% ) (%)/*+. E*%)!(##- $">*+*%) +', '+)(+ *+* !,*$ )

/#$ )/* ,)%*, )&*)/*+ 0*'*%) *"%& )/* ',) 0''%#(0* %.

C"+0!#(+ /!), *+* 0%,)+!0)*$ +' #,* &+(%")* +0, )/+!&/!) )/*

N*#")/"0 (%$ *(+#- B+%* A&*. G+(%")* 0%)"%!*$ ) * !,*$

)/+!&/!) )/* M*$"*(# *+"$ (%$ "%) '$*+% )"'*,. S#()* ",



(%)/*+ ,)%* )-* 0''%#- !,*$ (, +%& '()*+"(# "% '(%- (+),

)/* +#$ /*+* ") ", !%$.

M,)#- ,)%* !"#$"%&, 0(% * ,**% "% ',) '(+ 0")"*, ,'*

0""#"()"%, !"#) *%)"+*#- ")/ ,)%* ,!0/ (, )/* P-+('"$, "% E&-) )/*A)*0 -+('"$, (%$ )/* +*'("%, )/* I%0( 0""#"()"%.

THATCH: T/()0/ ", %* )/* #$*,) !"#$"%& '()*+"(#, %%@ &+(,,

", ( &$ "%,!#()+ (%$ *(,"#- /(+*,)*$. M(%- A+"0(% )+"*, /(* #"*$

"% /'*, '($* 0'#*)*#- &+(,,*, -*(+ +!%$. I% E!+* )/()0/

+, % /'*, *+* %0* +*(#*%) !) )/* '()*+"(# *## !) (+

(, "%$!,)+"(#"()"% (%$ "'+*$ )+(%,+) "%0+*(,*$ )/* (("#("#")-

)/*+ '()*+"(#,. T$(- )/!&/ )/* +(0)"0* ", !%$*+&"%& ( +*"(#.



CEMENT: I% )/* ',) &*%*+(# ,*%,* )/* +$ ( 0*'*%) ", ( "%$*+

( ,!,)(%0* )/() ,*), (%$ /(+$*%, "%$**%$*%)#- (%$ 0(% "%$ )/*+'()*+"(#, )&*)/*+. C*'*%) !,*$ "% 0%,)+!0)"% ", 0/(+(0)*+"*$ (,

/-$+(!#"0 + %%8/-$+(!#"0. H-$+(!#"0 0*'*%), *.&. P+)#(%$ 0*'*%)

/(+$*% *0(!,* /-$+()"% 0/*'"0(# +*(0)"%, )/() 00!+

"%$**%$*%)#- )/* '"=)!+*, ()*+ 0%)*%)@ )/*- 0(% /(+$*% **%

!%$*+()*+ + /*% 0%,)(%)#- *=,*$ ) *) *()/*+. T/* 0/*'"0(#

+*(0)"% )/() +*,!#), /*% )/* (%/-$+!, 0*'*%) $*+ ", '"=*$ ")/

()*+ +$!0*, /-$+()*, )/() (+* %) ()*+8,#!#*. N%8/-$+(!#"0

0*'*%), *.&. #"'* (%$ &-,!' #(,)*+ '!,) * *) $+- "% +$*+ )+*)("% )/*"+ ,)+*%&)/.

C*'*%) ", '($* - /*()"%& #"'*,)%* 0(#0"!' 0(+%()* ")/ ,'(## ;

!(%)")"*, )/*+ '()*+"(#, ,!0/ (, 0#(- ) 145 C "% ( "#% "% ( +0

*,, %% (, 0(#0"%()"% /*+*- ( '#*0!#* 0(+% $"="$* ", #"*+

()*$ +' )/* 0(#0"!' 0(+%()* ) +' 0(#0"!' ="$* + ;!"0#"'*

/"0/ ", )/*% #*%$*$ ")/ )/* )/*+ '()*+"(#, )/() /(* **% "%0#!$*$ "

% )/* '"=. T/* +*,!#)"%& /(+$ ,!,)(%0* 0(##*$ 0#"%*+ ", )/*% &+!%$

")/ ( ,'(## ('!%) &-,!' "%) ( $*+ ) '(* O+$"%(+- P+)#(%$ C*'*%) )/* ',) 0''%#- !,*$ )-* 0*'*%) )*% +**++*$ )

(, OPC.

O+$"%(+- P+)#(%$ C*'*%) OPC ", '(%!(0)!+*$ "% )/* +'

$">*+*%) &+($*, )/* ',) 0''% "% I%$"( *"%& G+($*853 G+($*843



(%$ G+($*833. O+$"%(+- P+)#(%$ C*'*%)8G+($* 43 ", #(+&*#- !,*$ +

+*,"$*%)"(# 0''*+0"(# (%$ )/*+ !"#$"%& 0%,)+!0)"% !+,*,. I)

/(, ( 0'+*,,"* ,)+*%&)/ 56 & *+ ,;!(+* 0'.

O+$"%(+- P+)#(%$ C*'*%)8G+($* 53 ", %% + "), +"0/ ;!(#")- (%$ ",/"&/#- $!+(#*. H*%0* ") ", !,*$ + 0%,)+!0)"%& "&&*+ ,)+!0)!+*, #"*

!"#$"%& !%$()"%, +"$&*, )(## !"#$"%&, (%$ ,)+!0)!+*, $*,"&%*$ )

")/,)(%$ /*(- +*,,!+*.

P+)#(%$ 0*'*%) ", ( (,"0 "%&+*$"*%) 0%0+*)* '+)(+ (%$ ',)

%%8,*0"(#")- &+!). T/* ',) 0''% !,* + P+)#(%$ 0*'*%) ", "%

)/* +$!0)"% 0%0+*)*. P+)#(%$ 0*'*%) '(- * &+*- + /")*.

CONCRETE : C%0+*)* ", ( 0',")* !"#$"%& '()*+"(# '($* +' )/*

0'"%()"% (&&+*&()* (%$ ( "%$*+ ,!0/ (, 0*'*%). T/* ',)

0''% +' 0%0+*)* ", P+)#(%$ 0*'*%) 0%0+*)* /"0/ 0%,",),

&+(*# ,(%$ +)#(%$ 0*'*%) (%$ ()*+. A)*+ '"="%& )/* 0*'*%)

/-$+()*, (%$ **%)!(##- /(+$*%, "%) ( ,)%*8#"* '()*+"(#. T/", ", )/*

'()*+"(# +**++*$ ) - )/* )*+' 0%0+*)*.

F+ ( 0%0+*)* 0%,)+!0)"% (%- ,"* (, 0%0+*)* /(, ( +()/*+ #

)*%,"#* ,)+*%&)/ ") ", &*%*+(##- ,)+*%&)/*%*$ !,"%& ,)**# +$, + (+,.

T/", ,)+*%&)/*%*$ 0%0+*)* ", )/*% +**++*$ ) (, +*"%+0*$ 0%0+*)*.

I% +$*+ ) '"%"'",* (%- ("+ !#*, )/() !#$ *(*% )/* ,)+!0)!+*

( "+()+ ", !,*$ ) *#"'"%()* (%- ("+ )/() /(, **% *%)+("%*$ /*%



)/* #";!"$ 0%0+*)* '"= ", !+*$ (+!%$ )/* "+%+. C%0+*)* /(,

**% )/* +*$'"%(%) !"#$"%& '()*+"(# "% )/", '$*+% (&* $!* ) "),

#%&*")- +'("#")- (%$ *(,* )+(%,+). R*0*%) ($(%0*'*%),

,!0/ (, I%,!#()"%& 0%0+*)* +', 0'"%* )/* 0%0+*)* +'"%& (%$

)/*+ 0%,)+!0)"% ,)*,. A## '()*+"(#, '!,) * )(*% "% +*;!"+*$++)"%, (, $*,0+"*$ "% ,)(%$(+$,. F+ 0%0+*)* )/* +()"

0*'*%): ,(%$: &+(*# ", 1 : 2 : 3. F+ (## 0%,)+!0)"% )/* +()"

0*'*%) ) ,(%$ +()" ", 1 : 6. F+ #(,)*+"%& )/* +()" 0*'*%) ) ,(%$

", 1:4. I% (%- 0(,* )/* '"=)!+* ,/!#$ * !,*$ ")/ "% 3 ) 4 /!+, +

*,) +*,!#),.

METAL : M*)(# ", !,*$ (, ,)+!0)!+(# +('*+ + #(+&*+ !"#$"%&, ,!0/

(, ,-,0+(*+, + (, (% *=)*+%(# ,!+(0* 0*+"%&. T/*+* (+* '(%-

)-*, '*)(#, !,*$ + !"#$"%&. S)**# ", ( '*)(# (##- /,* '(+

0'%*%) ", "+% (%$ ", )/* !,!(# 0/"0* + '*)(# ,)+!0)!+(# !"#$"%&

'()*+"(#,. I) ", ,)+%& <*="#* (%$ " +*%*$ *## (%$?+ )+*()*$ #(,), (

#%& )"'*. C++,"% ", '*)(#, +"'* *%*'- /*% ") 0'*, )

#%&*")-.

T/* #*+ $*%,")- (%$ *))*+ 0++,"% +*,",)(%0* (#!'"%"!' (##-,

(%$ )"% ,'*)"'*, *+0'* )/*"+ &+*()*+ 0,). B+(,, (, '+*



0''% "% )/* (,) !) ", !,!(##-+*,)+"0)*$ ) ,*0"0 !,*, +

,*0"(#)- ")*', )$(-.

M*)(# &!+*, ;!")* +'"%*%)#- "% +*(+"0()*$ ,)+!0)!+*, ,!0/ (, )/*

,*'"0-#"%$+"0(# /!) (%$ 0(% * ,**% !,*$ "% ',) 0,'#")(% 0")"*,.I) +*;!"+*, ( &+*() $*(# /!'(% #(+ ) +$!0* '*)(# *,*0"(##- "%

)/* #(+&* ('!%), %**$*$ + )/* !"#$"%& "%$!,)+"*,.

O)/*+ '*)(#, !,*$ "%0#!$* )")(%"!' 0/+'* &#$ ,"#*+. T")(%"!' 0(%

* !,*$ + ,)+!0)!+(# !+,*, !) ") ", '!0/ '+* *=*%,"* )/(%

,)**#. C/+'* &#$ (%$ ,"#*+ (+* !,*$ (, $*0+()"% *0(!,* )/*,*

'()*+"(#, (+* *=*%,"* (%$ #(0 ,)+!0)!+(# ;!(#")"*, ,!0/ (, )*%,"#*

,)+*%&)/ + /(+$%*,,.



GLASS: G#(,,'("%& ", 0%,"$*+*$ (% (+) +' (, *## (, (% "%$!,)+"(#

+0*,, + '()*+"(#.C#*(+ "%$, /(* **% !,*$ ,"%0* )/* "%*%)"%

&#(,, ) 0*+ ,'(## *%"%&, "% ( !"#$"%&. T/*- +"$*$ /!'(%,")/ )/* ("#")- ) )/ #*) #"&/) "%) +', /"#* () )/* ,('* )"'*

**"%& "%0#*'*%) *()/*+ !),"$*. G#(,, ", &*%*+(##- '($* +'

'"=)!+*, ,(%$ (%$ ,"#"0()*, "% ( *+- /) +* ,)* 0(##*$ ( "#% (%$

", *+- +"))#*. *+- )*% ($$")"*, (+* ($$*$ ) )/* '"=)!+* /*%

'("%& ) +$!0* &#(,, ")/ ,/($*, 0#+, + (+"!,

0/(+(0)*+",)"0, ,!0/ (, !##*)+ &#(,, + #"&/) *'"))(%0*.

T/* !,* &#(,, "% (+0/")*0)!+(# !"#$"%&, /(, *0'* *+- !#(+ "%

)/* '$*+% 0!#)!+*. G#(,, 0!+)("% (##, 0(% * !,*$ ) 0*+ )/**%)"+* (0($* ( !"#$"%& + ") 0(% * !,*$ ) ,(% *+ ( "$* +

,)+!0)!+* "% ( ,(0* +('*. T/*,* !,*, )/!&/ +*;!"+* ,'* ,+)

+('* ) /#$ ,*0)"%, &#(,, )&*)/*+ (, &#(,, - "),*# ", ) +"))#*

(%$ !#$ +*;!"+* (% *+#- #(+&* "#% ) * !,*$ ) ,(% ,!0/ #(+&*

(+*(, - "),*#.



PLASTIC: P#(,)"0 "*, *%*)+()"%& ( 0%0+*)* <+ +, (%$ (##, (

!"#$"%& + *#*0)+"0(# "+"%& ()*+ (%$ ,**+(&* !+,*,.

T/* )*+' #(,)"0, 0*+, ( +(%&* ,-%)/*)"0 + ,*'"8,-%)/*)"0 +&(%"0

0%$*%,()"% + #-'*+"()"% +$!0), )/() 0(% * '#$*$ +

*=)+!$*$ "%) *0), + #', + *+,. T/*"+ %('* ", $*+"*$ +' )/*

(0) )/() "% )/*"+ ,*'"8#";!"$ ,)()* )/*- (+* '(##*(#* + /(* )/*

+*+)- #(,)"0")-. P#(,)"0, (+- "''*%,*#- "% /*() )#*+(%0*

/(+$%*,, (%$ +*,"#"*%0-. C'"%*$ ")/ )/", ($()("#")- )/* &*%*+(#

!%"+'")- 0',")"% (%$ #"&/)%*,, #(,)"0, *%,!+*, )/*"+ !,* "%

(#',) (## "%$!,)+"(# (#"0()"%, )$(-.

FOAMS : F('*$ #(,)"0 ,/**) ) * !,*$ (, (0"%& + +*,)

'+)(+.M+* +*0*%)#- ,-%)/*)"0 #-,)-+*%* + #-!+*)/(%* (' /(,

**% !,*$ "% 0'"%()"% ")/ ,)+!0)!+(# '()*+"(#, ,!0/ (, 0%0+*)*.

I) ", #"&/) *"&/) *(,"#- ,/(*$ (%$ (% *=0*##*%) "%,!#()+. I) ", !,!(##-

!,*$ (, (+) ( ,)+!0)!+(# "%,!#()*$ (%*# /*+* )/* (' ",



,(%$"0/*$ *)**% $ + 0*'*%) + "%,!#()*$ 0%0+*)* +',

/*+* 0%0+*)* ", ,(%$"0/*$ *)**% ) #(-*+, ('.

CEMENT COMPOSITE : C*'*%) %$*$ 0',")*, (+* '($*

/-$+()*$ 0*'*%) (,)* )/() "%$, $ + (#"* (+)"0#*, + *+,

) '(* +*80(,) !"#$"%& 0'%*%),. (+"!, *+!, '()*+"(#,

"%0#!$"%& (*+ (%$ *+&#(,, /(* **% !,*$ (, "%$*+,.

$ (%$ %()!+(# +*, (+* 0',*$ (+"!, ,#!#* +&(%"0

0'!%$, #"* 0(+/-$+()*, &#-0,"$*, (%$ /*%#"0,. T/*,*

0'!%$, (+* %% ) +*)(+$ 0*'*%) ,*))"%&. T/*+*+* *+*

!,"%& ( $ "% '("%& 0*'*%) %*$ 0',")*, "), 0'()""#")-

")/ 0*'*%) ", (,,*,,*$.

$80*'*%) 0'()""#")- ", )/* +()" ( (+('*)*+ +*#()*$ ) )/*

+*+)- ( $80*'*%) 0',")* ) )/() ( %*() 0*'*%) (,)*.

T/* 0'()""#")- ", )*% *=+*,,*$ (, ( *+0*%)(&* (#!*. T

$*)*+'"%* $80*'*%) 0'()""#")- '*)/$, (,*$ % $">*+*%)+*+)"*, (+* !,*$ ,!0/ (, /-$+()"% 0/(+(0)*+",)"0, ,)+*%&)/

"%)*+(0"(# %$ (%$ '+/#&-.

building material used for constructions

Documents